EP3249030B1 - Composition d'huile lubrifiante - Google Patents

Composition d'huile lubrifiante Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3249030B1
EP3249030B1 EP16739985.6A EP16739985A EP3249030B1 EP 3249030 B1 EP3249030 B1 EP 3249030B1 EP 16739985 A EP16739985 A EP 16739985A EP 3249030 B1 EP3249030 B1 EP 3249030B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
group
oxygen
compound
viscosity index
acid
Prior art date
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Application number
EP16739985.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3249030A4 (fr
EP3249030A1 (fr
Inventor
Masato Kaneko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/18—Ethers, e.g. epoxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol, aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
    • C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
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    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol, aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
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    • C10M145/24—Polyethers
    • C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
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    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/041—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being macromolecular compounds only
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    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/02—Specified values of viscosity or viscosity index
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/003—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition which can be applied to a refrigerator oil and various purposes.
  • an oxygen-containing synthetic base oil such as a polyalkylene glycol, a polyvinyl ether, and a polyol ester
  • a refrigerator oil a hydraulic oil, and the like.
  • the base oil used for a refrigerator oil, a hydraulic oil, and the like has been variously improved, and for example, it has been known in PTL 1 that for improving the lubrication capability and the like, a high-viscosity base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of from 300 to 10,000 mm 2 /s selected from polyvinyl ether, a polycarbonate derivative, polyether ketone, and polyalkylene glycol is blended with a low-viscosity base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of from 1 to 100 mm 2 /s.
  • a high-viscosity polyalkylene glycol having a viscosity at 40°C of from 170 to 30,000 cSt is blended with a base oil having a viscosity at 40°C of from 170 to 1,000 cSt.
  • a viscosity index improver is used for the purpose of improving the viscosity index.
  • polymer materials such as a polymethacrylate (PMA) and an olefin copolymer (OCP), have been widely known as one that improves the viscosity index of a mineral oil.
  • US 2010/0144566 describes a lubricating composition comprising an ester-containing viscosity index improver and about 30% by weight or more of a polyoxyalkylene polyol.
  • US 3966625 describes a lubricating oil composition consisting essentially of a lubricating amount of a mineral oil and a viscosity index improving amount of a specified polyoxyalkylene glycol diether.
  • US 2688596 is directed to the stabilization of polymers of vinyl ethers containing from 3 to 12 saturated carbon atoms wherein the process comprises heating a material consisting essentially of an oil solution of said polymer to a temperature within a range of from 50 to 100°C for from 20 to 60 hours wherein said polymer has a molecular weight within the range of from 20000 to 35000.
  • the viscosity index is generally improved by blending the high-viscosity base oil components described in PTLs 1 and 2, with an oxygen-containing synthetic base oil, but these high-viscosity base oil components may not sufficiently exhibit the effect of improving the viscosity index in some cases.
  • PMA or OCP which is conventionally used as the viscosity index improver
  • PMA or OCP may be separated from the base oil and may not sufficiently exhibit the performance as the viscosity index improver in some cases.
  • PMA and OCP having a large molecular weight have a large effect of improving the viscosity index, but have insufficient compatibility with an oxygen-containing synthetic base oil, resulting in a tendency of separation from the base oil.
  • a viscosity index improver having a large molecular weight may raise the pour point of the lubricating oil, resulting in decrease of the low-temperature fluidity in some cases.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the aforementioned problems, and an object thereof is to provide a lubricating oil composition, in which even though a viscosity index improver having a large effect of improving a viscosity index is applied to an oxygen-containing synthetic base oil, the viscosity index improver is hardly separated from the base oil while retaining a good low-temperature fluidity.
  • one embodiment of the present invention provides the following.
  • a lubricating oil composition in which even though a viscosity index improver having a large effect of improving a viscosity index is applied to an oxygen-containing synthetic base oil, the viscosity index improver is hardly separated from the base oil while retaining a good low-temperature fluidity.
  • a lubricating oil composition according to one embodiment of the present invention contains an oxygen-containing synthetic base oil, and a viscosity index improver that is an oxygen-containing compound.
  • the components contained in the lubricating oil composition will be described in more detail below.
  • the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil has an oxygen content (A) of from 15 to 40 mass% and a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of from 0.5 to 50 mm 2 /s.
  • the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C within the range, a good lubrication performance is exhibited.
  • the oxygen content (A) is 40 mass% or less, the base oil is prevented from being solidified, and when it is 15 mass% or more, the ratio (A/B) described later can be easily within the prescribed range, thereby facilitating the improvement of the solubility of the viscosity index improver.
  • the compatibility with a refrigerant can be easily ensured in the case where the lubricating oil composition is used as a refrigerator oil, for example.
  • the oxygen content (A) is preferably from 16 to 38 mass%, and more preferably from 19 to 32 mass%.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100°C of the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil is preferably from 1.0 to 30 mm 2 /s, and more preferably from 1.0 to 15 mm 2 /s.
  • the pour point can be decreased to improve the low-temperature fluidity and the energy saving property, and thus the lubricating oil composition can be favorably applied to various purposes.
  • the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil used is selected from a polyvinyl ether compound (PVE), a polyoxyalkylene glycol compound (PAG), a copolymer having a structure of a poly(oxy)alkylene glycol or a monoether thereof and a polyvinyl ether (ECP), and a polyol ester compound (POE).
  • PVE polyvinyl ether compound
  • PAG polyoxyalkylene glycol compound
  • ECP polyvinyl ether
  • POE polyol ester compound
  • the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil may be used solely or as a combination of two or more kinds thereof. These compounds, which can be used as the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil, will be described in detail later.
  • the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil is not particularly limited, as far as the kinematic viscosity thereof is in the range, may be 100 or more, and is more preferably 150 or more.
  • the upper limit of the number average molecular weight is also not particularly limited, but it is generally approximately 6,000 or less.
  • the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil preferably has a volume resistivity of 10 6 ⁇ ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 7 ⁇ ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 10 8 ⁇ ⁇ m or more.
  • the upper limit of the volume resistivity of the base oil is not particularly limited, but it is generally 10 15 ⁇ ⁇ m or less.
  • the volume resistivity is measured at room temperature of 25°C according to JIS C2101-24 (volume resistivity test).
  • the saturated water content of the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil is preferably 5 mass% or less, more preferably 3 mass% or less, and further preferably 1 mass% or less.
  • the saturated water content is decreased in this way, the hygroscopicity of the lubricating oil composition may be decreased, and the electric insulation property and the thermal stability thereof can be retained good for a prolonged period of time.
  • the saturated water content is measured in such a manner that a specimen oil and water are mixed at a mass ratio of 1/1 and shaken for 5 minutes, the mixture is separated to a specimen oil layer and an aqueous layer by centrifugal separation, and the specimen oil layer is measured for the water content by the Karl Fischer titration method according to JIS K0113-2005.
  • the content of the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil in the lubricating oil composition is 70 mass% or more, preferably from 80 to 99.5 mass%, and more preferably from 85 to 99.5 mass%, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the base oil contained in the lubricating oil composition may consist of the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil, but a mineral oil or a synthetic base oil other than the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil may be contained in such a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
  • the content of mineral oil and the synthetic base oil other than the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil is generally 10 mass% or less, preferably 5 mass% or less, and more preferably 3 mass% or less, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
  • Examples of the mineral oil include a paraffin mineral oil, a naphthene mineral oil, and an intermediate base mineral oil
  • examples of the synthetic base oil include a poly- ⁇ -olefin, an ⁇ -olefin copolymer, a polybutene, an alkylbenzene, and a GTL by-product wax isomerized oil.
  • the oxygen-containing compound used as the viscosity index improver has an oxygen content (B) of from 15 to 40 mass% and a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 11,000 mm 2 /s or more.
  • B oxygen content
  • A/B ratio
  • the viscosity index improver can be easily dissolved in the base oil.
  • the oxygen content is 40 mass% or less, the viscosity index improver can be prevented from precipitating in the lubricating oil composition.
  • the kinematic viscosity is 11,000 mm 2 /s or more, the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition can be sufficiently improved.
  • the oxygen content (B) is preferably from 16 to 38 mass%, and more preferably from 19 to 32 mass%.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100°C of the viscosity index improver is preferably from 11,000 to 120,000 mm 2 /s, and more preferably from 11,000 to 100,000 mm 2 /s.
  • the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the oxygen-containing compound used as the viscosity index improver is appropriately determined to provide the aforementioned kinematic viscosity range, and is generally appropriately selected from 70,000 to 1,000,000, and preferably appropriately selected from 100,000 to 1,000,000.
  • the degree of dispersion (Mw/Mn) of the oxygen-containing compound used as the viscosity index improver is not particularly limited, and is generally approximately from 1.0 to 6.
  • the oxygen-containing compound used as the viscosity index improver is selected from a polyvinyl ether compound (PVE), a polyoxyalkylene glycol compound (PAG), and a copolymer having a structure of a poly(oxy)alkylene glycol or a monoether thereof and a polyvinyl ether (ECP).
  • PVE polyvinyl ether compound
  • PAG polyoxyalkylene glycol compound
  • ECP polyvinyl ether
  • the oxygen-containing compound may be used solely or as a combination of two or more kinds thereof. The oxygen-containing compound that can be used as the viscosity index improver will be described in detail later.
  • the mass ratio of the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil and the viscosity index improver is 99.5:0.5 to 75:25.
  • the mass ratio is 99.5:0.5 or over, i.e., the viscosity index improver is contained in an amount of 0.5 part by mass or more per 99.5 parts by mass of the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil, the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition can be sufficiently improved.
  • the mass ratio is 75:25 or below, the pour point of the lubricating oil composition can be decreased to improve the low-temperature fluidity.
  • the mass ratio is preferably from 99.5:0.5 to 80:20, and more preferably from 99.5:0.5 to 88:12.
  • the ratio (A/B) of the oxygen content (A) of the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil to the oxygen content (B) of the viscosity index improver is in a range of from 0.5 to 2.
  • the ratio (A/B) is 0.5 or more and 2 or less, the viscosity index improver can be prevented from being separated from the base oil, and the viscosity index improver having a large molecular weight can sufficiently exhibit the capability thereof.
  • the ratio (A/B) is preferably from 0.55 to 1.7, and more preferably from 0.65 to 1.4.
  • the oxygen content (A) and the oxygen content (B) are values that are calculated from the molecular formulae of each compound.
  • the polyvinyl ether compound (PVE) used in the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil is a polymer having a vinyl ether-derived constituent unit, and specifically, examples thereof include a polyvinyl-based compound having a constituent unit represented by the following general formula (A-1).
  • R 1a , R 2a , and R 3a each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and they may be the same as or different from each other.
  • the hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group of every kind, a hexyl group of every kind, a heptyl group of every kind, an octyl group of every kind, etc.; a cycloalkyl group, such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a methylcyclohexyl group of every kind, an ethylcyclohexyl
  • R 1a , R 2a , and R 3a are each more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 3 or less carbon atoms, and for making the oxygen content (A) within the aforementioned range, all R 1a , R 2a , and R 3a are further preferably hydrogen atoms.
  • r represents a repeating number, and an average value thereof is a number ranging from 0 to 10, and preferably from 0 to 5.
  • R 4a represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms include a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, such as an ethylene group, a phenylethylene group, a 1,2-propylene group, a 2-phenyl-1,2-propylene group, a 1,3-propylene group, a butylene group of every kind, a pentylene group of every kind, a hexylene group of every kind, a heptylene group of every kind, an octylene group of every kind, a nonylene group of every kind, a decylene group of every kind, etc.; an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having two bonding sites in an alicyclic hydrocarbon such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, dimethylcyclohexane, propylcyclohexane, etc.
  • R 5a represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • this hydrocarbon group represents an alkyl group, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group of every kind, a hexyl group of every kind, a heptyl group of every kind, an octyl group of every kind, a nonyl group of every kind, a decyl group of every kind, etc.; a cycloalkyl group, such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a methylcyclohexyl group of every kind, an ethylcyclohexyl group of every kind, a propylcyclo
  • a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is preferred, and for making the oxygen content within the aforementioned range, an alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferred.
  • the alkyl groups may be any of straight-chain, branched, and cyclic groups.
  • R 5a examples include an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group.
  • a polymer or a copolymer containing from 50 to 100 mass% of a constituent unit in which R 5a represents an ethyl group, and from 0 to 50 mass% of a constituent unit in which R 5a represents an alkyl group having 3 or 4 carbon atoms is preferred.
  • the polyvinyl ether compound is a polymer having the constituent unit represented by the general formula (A-1), and the repeating number thereof may be properly chosen according to a desired kinematic viscosity, and is generally from 3 to 80.
  • the aforementioned polyvinyl ether compound can be produced through polymerization of a corresponding vinyl ether-based monomer.
  • the vinyl ether-based monomer that can be used herein is one represented by the following general formula (A-2).
  • R 1a , R 2a , R 3a , R 4a , R 5a , and r are the same as those mentioned above.
  • vinyl ether-based monomer there are various monomers corresponding to the aforementioned polyvinyl ether compounds. Examples thereof include vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl n-propyl ether, vinyl isopropyl ether, vinyl n-butyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, vinyl sec-butyl ether, vinyl tert-butyl ether, vinyl n-pentyl ether, vinyl n-hexyl ether, vinyl 2-methoxyethyl ether, vinyl 2-ethoxyethyl ether, vinyl 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl ether, vinyl 2-methoxypropyl ether, vinyl 3,6-dioxaheptyl ether, vinyl 3,6,9-trioxadecyl ether, vinyl 1,4-dimethyl-3,6-dioxaheptyl ether, vinyl 1,4,7-trimethyl-3,6,9-trioxadecyl ether
  • a monovalent group derived from a saturated hydrocarbon, an ether, an alcohol, a ketone, an amide, a nitrile, or the like may be introduced by a known method.
  • polyvinyl ether compound those having an end structure of each of the following (1) to (4) are suitable.
  • R 23a , R 24a , and R 25a each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and they may be the same as or different from each other.
  • the polyvinyl ether compound may also be a mixture of two or more selected from those having an end structure of each of the foregoing (1) to (4). Suitable examples of such a mixture may include a mixture of the compound having the end structure of the foregoing (1) and the compound having the end structure of the foregoing (4); and a mixture of the compound having the end structure of the foregoing (2) and the compound having the end structure of the foregoing (3).
  • polyvinyl ether compound it is preferred to choose a degree of polymerization, an end structure, and so on so as to have a desired viscosity range.
  • the polyvinyl ether compound may be used solely, or it may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
  • polyvinyl-based compounds having the constituent unit represented by the general formula (A-1) a compound in which one end thereof is represented by the general formula (A-1-i), and the remaining end is represented by the general formula (A-1-ii) is preferred.
  • R 6a , R 7a , R 8a , R 11a , R 12a , and R 13a are a hydrogen atom
  • all of r1 and r2 are 0, and R 10a and R 15a are each an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • PVE polyisobutyl vinyl ether, a polyethyl vinyl ether, an isobutyl vinyl ether-ethyl vinyl ether copolymer, and mixtures of two or more kinds thereof.
  • Examples of the polyoxyalkylene glycol compound (PAG) used in the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil include a compound represented by the following general formula (B-1).
  • the PAG may be used either solely or in combination of two or more kinds thereof.
  • R 1b represents a hydrogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 6 bonding sites and having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
  • R 2b represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms;
  • R 3b represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
  • n represents an integer of 1 to 6; and
  • m represents a number of 6 to 80 in terms of an average value of (m ⁇ n).
  • the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in each of R 1b and R 3b may be any of straight-chain, branched, and cyclic groups.
  • the hydrocarbon group is preferably an alkyl group, and specific examples thereof may include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group of every kind, a pentyl group of every kind, a hexyl group of every kind, a heptyl group of every kind, an octyl group of every kind, a nonyl group of every kind, a decyl group of every kind, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and the like.
  • the oxygen content (A) can be easily within the prescribed range, and the compatibility with the refrigerant becomes good when the lubricating oil composition is used as a refrigerator oil.
  • the number of carbon atoms of the monovalent hydrocarbon group is more preferably 1 to 4.
  • the hydrocarbon group moiety which the acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms in each of R 1b and R 3b has may be any of straight-chain, branched, and cyclic groups.
  • the hydrocarbon group moiety of the acyl group is preferably an alkyl group, and specific examples thereof include those having 1 to 9 carbon atoms among the alkyl groups which may be chosen as the aforementioned R 1b and R 3b .
  • the oxygen content (A) can be easily within the prescribed range, and the compatibility with the refrigerant becomes good when the lubricating oil composition is used in a refrigerator oil.
  • the number of carbon atoms of the acyl group is preferably 2 to 4.
  • R 1b and R 3b are a hydrocarbon group or an acyl group
  • R 1b and R 3b may be the same as or different from each other.
  • R 1b is the hydrocarbon group having 2 to 6 bonding sites and having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
  • this hydrocarbon group may be either linear or cyclic.
  • the hydrocarbon group having 2 bonding sites is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and examples thereof include an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylene group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, an octylene group, a nonylene group, a decylene group, a cyclopentylene group, a cyclohexylene group, and the like.
  • Examples of the other hydrocarbon groups may include residues resulting from removing a hydroxyl group from a bisphenol compound such as bisphenol, bisphenol F, bisphenol A, etc.
  • the hydrocarbon group having 3 to 6 bonding sites is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and examples thereof may include residues resulting from removing a hydroxyl group from a polyhydric alcohol, such as trimethylolpropane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, 1,2,3-trihydroxycyclohexane, 1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane, etc.
  • the oxygen content (A) can be easily within the prescribed range, and the compatibility with the refrigerant becomes good when the lubricating oil composition is used as a refrigerator oil.
  • the number of carbon atoms of this aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 2 to 6.
  • examples of the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in each of R 1b and R 3b may include an ether bond-containing linear or cyclic aliphatic group (for example, a tetrahydrofurfuryl group), and the like.
  • At least one of R 1b and R 3b is preferably an alkyl group, especially an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • R 2b in the general formula (B-1) is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and examples of the oxyalkylene group as a repeating unit include an oxyethylene group, an oxypropylene group, and an oxybutylene group.
  • the oxyalkylene groups in one molecule may be the same as each other, and two or more kinds of oxyalkylene groups may also be contained. It is preferred that at least an oxypropylene unit is contained in one molecule, and it is more preferred that 50 mol% or more of an oxypropylene unit is contained in the oxyalkylene unit, and it is more preferred that 70 mol% or more of an oxypropylene unit is contained therein.
  • the content of the oxypropylene unit is large, for example, the saturated moisture content can be lower to decrease the hygroscopicity, and the oxygen content (A) can be easily within the prescribed range.
  • n is an integer of 1 to 6 and is determined according to the number of bonding sites of R 1b .
  • R 1b is an alkyl group or an acyl group
  • n is 1
  • R 1b is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 bonding sites
  • m is a number providing an average value of m ⁇ n of 6 to 80.
  • the base oil can exhibit the lubrication performance, and the compatibility with a refrigerant may be improved when the lubricating oil composition is used as a refrigerator oil.
  • the average value of m ⁇ n is determined in such a manner that the viscosity of the base oil is in the desired range.
  • n is preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 1.
  • n 1, it is preferred that any one of R 1b and R 3b represents an alkyl group, and it is more preferred that both of them each represent an alkyl group.
  • n 2 or more, it is preferred that any one of plural R 3b s in one molecule represents an alkyl group, and it is more preferred that all of them each represent an alkyl group.
  • plural R 3b s in one molecule may be the same as or different from each other.
  • Preferred examples of the PAG used as the base oil include a mono- or dialkyl ether of a polyoxypropylene glycol, a mono- or dialkyl ether of a polyoxyethylene glycol polyoxypropylene glycol, and a mixture of two or more kinds of these compounds; namely ones represented by the general formula (B-1), in which R 2b represents a propylene group or a combination of an ethylene group and a propylene group, n is 1, and one or both of R 1b and R 3b are an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms with the balance being a hydrogen atom, and more specifically include a polyoxypropylene glycol dimethyl ether, a polyoxypropylene glycol monobutyl ether, a polyoxyethylene glycol polyoxypropylene glycol dimethyl ether, and a mixture of two or more kinds of these compounds.
  • B-1 the general formula (B-1)
  • R 2b represents a propylene group or a combination of an ethylene group and
  • examples of the copolymer having a structure of a poly(oxy)alkylene glycol or a monoether thereof and a polyvinyl ether (ECP) that can be used as the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil include a copolymer represented by the following general formula (C-1) and a copolymer represented by the following general formula (C-2) (hereinafter referred to as "polyvinyl ether copolymer I" and “polyvinyl ether copolymer II", respectively).
  • the poly(oxy)alkylene glycol refers to both a polyalkylene glycol and a polyoxyalkylene glycol.
  • R 1c , R 2c , and R 3c each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and they may be the same as or different from each other;
  • R 5c represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms;
  • R 6c represents an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an acyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 2 to 50 carbon atoms;
  • R 4c represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and in the case where a plurality of each of R 1c to R 6c are present, they may be each the same as or different from each other.
  • the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in R 1c to R 3c represents an alkyl group, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group of every kind, a hexyl group of every kind, a heptyl group of every kind, an octyl group of every kind, etc.; a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a methylcyclohexyl group of every kind, an ethylcyclohexyl group of every kind, a dimethylcyclohexyl group of every kind, an aryl group such as a dimethylphenyl group of every kind, etc.; or an arylalkyl group, such as a
  • the divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms as represented by R 5c is a divalent alkylene group, such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group of every kind, a butylene group of every kind, etc.
  • v represents a repeating number of R 5c O, and is a number ranging from 1 to 50, preferably from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 10, and especially preferably from 1 to 5 in terms of an average value thereof.
  • the plural R 5c Os may be the same as or different from each other.
  • v may be the same as or different from each other in every constituent unit.
  • w represents a number of 1 to 50, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 2, and especially preferably 1;
  • u represents a number of 0 to 50, preferably 2 to 25, and more preferably 5 to 15; and in the case where a plurality of each of w and u are present, they may be either block or random.
  • R 6c preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 2 to 50 carbon atoms.
  • this alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group of every kind, a hexyl group of every kind, a heptyl group of every kind, an octyl group of every kind, a nonyl group of every kind, a decyl group of every kind, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a methylcyclohexyl group of every kind, an ethylcyclohexyl group of every kind, a propylcyclohexyl group of every kind, a dimethylcyclohexyl group of every kind, or the like.
  • acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms examples include an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butyryl group, an isobutyryl group, a valeryl group, an isovaleryl group, a pivaloyl group, a benzoyl group, a toluoyl group, and the like.
  • a methoxymethyl group, a methoxyethyl group, a methoxypropyl group, a 1,1-bismethoxypropyl group, a 1,2-bismethoxypropyl group, an ethoxypropyl group, a (2-methoxyethoxy)propyl group, a (1-methyl-2-methoxy)propyl group, and the like are preferably exemplified as specific examples of the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 2 to 50 carbon atoms.
  • the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms as represented by R 4c represents an alkyl group, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a pentyl group of every kind, a hexyl group of every kind, a heptyl group of every kind, an octyl group of every kind, a nonyl group of every kind, a decyl group of every kind, etc.; a cycloalkyl group, such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a methylcyclohexyl group of every kind, an ethylcyclohexyl group of every kind, a propylcyclohexyl group of every kind, a dimethylcyclohexyl group of every kind, etc.;
  • the polyvinyl ether copolymer I having the constituent unit represented by the general formula (C-1) is able to improve lubricating properties, insulating properties, hygroscopicity, and so on while improving the compatibility with the refrigerant when the lubricating oil composition is used in a refrigerator oil, through formation of the copolymer.
  • R 1c to R 5c and v are the same as those mentioned above.
  • R 4c and R 5c may be each the same as or different from each other.
  • x and y each represent a number of 1 to 50, and in the case where a plurality of each of x and y are present, they may be either block or random.
  • X c and Y c each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • each of the polyvinyl ether copolymers I and II is not particularly limited so long as it is a method for which each of the polyvinyl ether copolymers I and II is obtained.
  • the vinyl ether-based copolymers I and II represented by the general formulae (C-1) and (C-2) can be formed into the polyvinyl ether copolymer I having a structure in which one end thereof is represented by the following general formula (C-3) or (C-4), and the remaining end is represented by the following general formula (C-5) or (C-6).
  • R 1c to R 6c and v are the same as those as mentioned above.
  • R 1c to R 6c and v are the same as those as mentioned above.
  • examples of the polyol ester compound (POE) that can be used as the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil include an ester of a diol or a polyol having 3 to 20 hydroxyl groups and a fatty acid having 1 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • the fatty acid for forming the polyol ester generally needs to contain a fatty acid having 12 or less carbon atoms in such a manner that the oxygen content (A) is 15 mass% or more.
  • examples of the diol include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, and the like.
  • polyol examples include a polyhydric alcohol, such as trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, ditrimethylolpropane, tritrimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, glycerin, a polyglycerin (e.g., dimer to icosamer of glycerin), 1,3,5-pentanetriol, sorbitol, sorbitan, a sorbitol glycerin condensate, adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, mannitol, etc.; a saccharide, such as xylose, arabinose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, sorbose, cellobiose, maltose, isomaltose,
  • hindered alcohols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, ditrimethylolpropane, tritrimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, etc., are preferred as the polyol.
  • the fatty acid those having 1 to 24 carbon atoms are used as described above, and those having 3 or more carbon atoms are preferred, those having 4 or more carbon atoms are more preferred, and those having 5 or more carbon atoms are still more preferred from standpoint of lubricating properties.
  • the fatty acid for making the oxygen content (A) of 15 mass% or more those having 12 or less carbon atoms are preferred, and those having 9 or less carbon atoms are more preferred.
  • the fatty acid may be any of a straight-chain fatty acid and a branched fatty acid, a straight-chain fatty acid is preferred from the standpoint of lubricating properties, and a branched fatty acid is preferred from the standpoint of hydrolysis stability. Furthermore, the fatty acid may be any of a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid.
  • fatty acid examples include a straight-chain or branched fatty acid, such as isobutyric acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, etc.; a so-called neo acid in which an ⁇ -carbon atom is quaternary; and the like.
  • fatty acid examples include a straight-chain or branched fatty acid, such as isobutyric acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, etc.; a so-called neo acid in which an ⁇ -carbon atom is quaternary; and the like.
  • isobutyric acid valeric acid (n-pentanoic acid), caproic acid (n-hexanoic acid), enanthic acid (n-heptanoic acid), caprylic acid (n-octanoic acid), pelargonic acid (n-nonanoic acid), capric acid (n-decanoic acid), isopentanoic acid (3-methylbutanoic acid), 2-methylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, and the like are preferred.
  • the polyol ester may be a partial ester in which some of the hydroxyl groups of a polyol remain without being esterified, may be a complete ester in which all of the hydroxyl groups of the polyol are esterified, or may be a mixture of the partial ester and the complete ester, but the polyol ester is preferably the complete ester.
  • esters of a hindered alcohol such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, ditrimethylolpropane, tritrimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, and tripentaerythritol
  • esters of neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, and pentaerythritol are more preferred.
  • the preferred polyol ester include a diester of neopentyl glycol and one or more kinds of fatty acids selected from isobutyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, isopentanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid; a triester of trimethylolethane and one or more kinds of fatty acids selected from isobutyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, isopentanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid; a triester of trimethylole
  • the ester of two or more kinds of fatty acids may be a mixture of two or more kinds of esters, each of which is an ester of one kind of fatty acid and a polyol;, or may be an ester of a mixed fatty acid of two or more kinds thereof and a polyol.
  • an ester of a mixed fatty acid and a polyol is excellent in low-temperature properties, and is excellent in compatibility with the refrigerant when the lubricating oil composition is used as a refrigerator oil.
  • the compound used as the viscosity index improver will be described in detail.
  • a polyvinyl ether compound (PVE) used as the viscosity index improver is a polymer having a vinyl ether-derived constituent unit, and specifically, examples thereof include a polyvinyl-based compound having a constituent unit represented by the general formula (A-1), as similar to the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil.
  • the repeating number of the constituent unit represented by the general formula (A-1) is appropriately selected depending on the desired kinematic viscosity, and the repeating number is sufficiently larger than that used as the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil, and is generally approximately from 1,000 to 14,000.
  • the detailed explanations of the PVE used as the viscosity index improver are same as those for the PVE used in the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil, except for the repeating number, and the explanations thereof are omitted herein.
  • PVE used as the viscosity index improver include the same kinds as for the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil, and among them, a polyethyl vinyl ether is most preferred.
  • Examples of the polyoxyalkylene glycol compound (PAG) used as the viscosity index improver include a compound represented by the general formula (B-1), as similar to the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil.
  • the detailed explanations of R 1b , R 2b , n, and R 3b in the general formula (B-1) are the same as above except for the following differences. Only the differences are described below, but the others are the same and not described herein.
  • m in the general formula (B-1) for the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil is a number providing an average value of m ⁇ n of 6 to 80
  • m for the viscosity index improver is a number providing an average value of m ⁇ n of approximately 1,800 to 20,000.
  • m is appropriately changed corresponding to the kinematic viscosity and the number average molecular weight of the viscosity index improver described above.
  • At least one of R 1b and R 3b preferably represents a hydrogen atom.
  • any one of R 1b and R 3b preferably represents a hydrogen atom, and in the case where n is 2 or more, any one of plural R 3b s in one molecule preferably represents a hydrogen atom.
  • both the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil and the viscosity index improver are PAG
  • both the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil and the viscosity index improver used are generally ones represented by the general formula (B-1), and in both the compounds, n in the general formula (B-1) is preferably an integer of from 1 to 3, and more preferably 1.
  • PAG used as the viscosity index improver include a polyoxypropylene glycol, a polyoxyethylene glycol polyoxypropylene glycol, polyoxybutylene glycol, and monoalkyl ethers of these compounds; namely, ones represented by the general formula (B-1), in which R 2b represents a propylene group, a butylene group, or a combination of an ethylene group and a propylene group, n is 1, and one or both of R 1b and R 3b are a hydrogen atom with the balance being an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more specifically include a polyoxypropylene glycol diol (both ends are hydroxyl groups), a polyoxypropylene glycol monobutyl ether, a polyoxyethylene glycol polyoxypropylene glycol diol (both ends are hydroxyl groups), and a polyoxybutylene glycol monobutyl ether.
  • the production method of the PAG used as the viscosity index improver is not particularly limited, the PAG is preferably produced, for example, by polymerizing an alkylene oxide by using a composite metal catalyst, from the standpoint of easily producing one having a large viscosity.
  • the composite metal catalyst is preferably a composite metal cyanide complex catalyst.
  • Specific examples of the composite metal cyanide complex catalyst include a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (A). M a [M' x (CN) y ] b (H 2 O) c (R) d (A)
  • M represents Zn(II), Fe(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Al(III), Sr(II), Mn(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Sn(II), Pb(II), Mo(IV), Mo(VI), W(IV), W(VI), or the like;
  • M' represents Fe(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Co(III), Cr(II), Cr(III), Mn(II), Mn(III), Ni(II), V(IV), V(V), or the like;
  • R represents an organic ligand; a, b, x, and y each are a positive integer that vary depending on the valency and the coordination number of the metal; and c and d each are a positive number that vary depending on the coordination number of the metal.
  • M preferably represents Zn(II), and M' preferably represents Fe(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Co(III), or the like.
  • the organic ligand include a ketone, an ether, an aldehyde, an ester, an alcohol, and an amide, and an alcohol is preferred.
  • the composite metal cyanide complex represented by the general formula (A) may be produced in such a manner that: a metal salt MX a (wherein M and a are the same as above, and X represents an anion forming a salt with M); and a polycyanometallate (salt) Z e [M' x (CN) y ] f (wherein M', x, and y are the same as above, Z represents hydrogen, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or the like, and e and f each represent a positive integer determined by the valency and the coordination number of M'), each of which is in aqueous solution or mixed solvent solution of water and an organic solvent, are mixed to obtain a composite metal cyanide complex, the organic ligand R is made contact with the obtained composite metal cyanide complex, and then the excessive solvent and the excessive organic ligand R are removed.
  • a metal salt MX a wherein M and a are the same as above, and X represents an anion
  • polycyanometallate (salt) Z e [M' x (CN) y ] f hydrogen and various metals, such as an alkali metal, can be used as Z, and a lithium salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, a magnesium salt, and a calcium salt are preferred. What are particularly preferred are normal alkali metal salts, i.e., a sodium salt and a potassium salt.
  • the PAG used as the viscosity index improver is generally produced by making a mixture of the alkylene oxide and an initiator in contact with the catalyst, and a particular amount of an organic solvent is preferably present in the reaction.
  • the presence of an organic solvent may increase the molecular weight of the PAG.
  • the reaction may also be performed by adding the alkylene oxide gradually to the reaction system, and an organic solvent may be added along with the alkylene oxide. While the reaction may occur under ordinary temperature, the reaction system may be heated or cooled, and a large molecular weight can be easily obtained by cooling.
  • the specific reaction temperature is preferably from -20 to 100°C.
  • the amount of the catalyst used is not particularly limited, and is suitably from 1 to 5,000 ppm based on the initiator used.
  • the catalyst may be introduced to the reaction system at one time at the beginning of the reaction or may be divided and introduced sequentially.
  • the amount of the organic solvent present in the reaction is preferably 10 to 90 mass% based on the amount of the PAG finally obtained.
  • the amount of the organic solvent is 10 mass% or more, the molecular weight of the PAG can be further increased.
  • the amount thereof is 90 mass% or less, the PAG can be produced with good economic efficiency.
  • the organic solvent used may be various organic solvents, and is preferably an ether compound.
  • the ether compound include a monoether, a diether, a polyether compound, a polyvinyl ether compound, and a polyalkylene glycol compound.
  • the monoether examples include a dialkyl ether, in which the alkyl group is a branched or straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include a symmetrical ether, such as di-2-ethylhexyl ether and di-3,5,5-trimethylhexyl ether, and an asymmetrical ether, such as 2-ethylhexyl n-octyl ether and 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl n-nonyl ether.
  • a dialkyl ether in which the alkyl group is a branched or straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
  • specific examples thereof include a symmetrical ether, such as di-2-ethylhexyl ether and di-3,5,5-trimethylhexyl ether, and an asymmetrical ether, such as 2-ethylhexyl n-octyl ether and 3,5,
  • the diether used may be, for example, a dialkyl ether of various diols.
  • the diol used include a straight-chain-alkane diol, such as an alkylene glycol, e.g., ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and butylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol; and a branched-alkene diol, such as neopentyl glycol.
  • polyether used examples include alkyl ethers of a polyhydric alcohol, such as glycerin, tetramethylolethane, tetramethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and dipentaerythritol.
  • alkyl ethers of a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin, tetramethylolethane, tetramethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and dipentaerythritol.
  • the alkyl group used in the dialkyl ether and the alkyl ether of a polyhydric alcohol may be a branched or straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl group of the diether and the polyether may be used solely, or it may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
  • the polyvinyl ether compound and the polyalkylene glycol compound used as the organic solvent can be similar to those used as the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil.
  • the polyalkylene glycol compound that has a -OH group at the end thereof may have a possibility of reaction with a monomer, and therefore the compound having the end that is etherified with an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms can be used.
  • n in the formula (B-1) is 1, the compound in which both R 1b and R 3b each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms can be used.
  • n 2 or more
  • the compound in which all of plural R 3b s in one molecule each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms can be used.
  • the polyvinyl ether compound the compound having the end that has no -OH group may be used.
  • the organic solvent may be removed partially or entirely, and may not be removed.
  • the organic solvent is contained in the lubricating oil composition along with the viscosity index improver (PAG), and used as at least a part of the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil.
  • PAG viscosity index improver
  • the organic solvent used is preferably a polyvinyl ether compound or a polyalkylene glycol compound capable of being used as the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil.
  • the initiator may be appropriately selected depending on the structure of the PAG to be produced, and in the case where the resulting PAG is represented by the general formula (B-1), the initiator is preferably an alcohol compound represented by the general formula, R 1b (OH) n or HO-R 2b -OH (wherein R 1b , n, and R 2b are the same as above).
  • the alkylene oxide may be appropriately selected corresponding to R 2b in the general formula (B-1), and examples thereof include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and a butylene oxide.
  • the PAG thus obtained after the reaction contains the catalyst and the organic solvent, and thus at least the catalyst is necessarily removed.
  • the processing method therefor is preferably, for example, such a method that a catalyst deactivator, such as an alkali metal compound, is added to deactivate the catalyst, and then the compound is purified.
  • Examples of the copolymer having a structure of a poly(oxy)alkylene glycol or a monoether thereof and a polyvinyl ether (ECP) used as the viscosity index improver include a copolymer represented by the general formula (C-1) and a copolymer represented by the general formula (C-2).
  • the repeating number of the constituent unit is larger than that of the ECP used as the base oil, and w, u, v, x, and y in the general formulae (C-1) and (C-2) are not limited to the aforementioned ranges, and are appropriately determined corresponding to the viscosity of the viscosity index improver.
  • the detailed explanations of ECP used as the viscosity index improver are the same as the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil except for the repeating numbers, and the explanations thereof are omitted herein.
  • the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment may further contain various additives.
  • the additives are contained preferably in an amount of about 20 mass% or less, and more preferably about 0 to 10 mass%, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
  • Various materials may be used as the additives, and examples thereof include an antioxidant, an acid scavenger, an oxygen scavenger, an extreme pressure agent, an oiliness agent, a copper deactivator, a rust preventive, and a defoaming agent.
  • the antioxidant examples include a phenol-based antioxidant, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), etc.; and an amine type antioxidant, such as phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine, N,N'-di-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, etc., and a phenol-based antioxidant is preferred. From the standpoints of effects and economy, and so on, the content of the antioxidant is typically 0.01 to 5 mass%, and preferably 0.05 to 3 mass%, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
  • a phenol-based antioxidant such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butyl
  • the acid scavenger may include an epoxy compound, such as phenyl glycidyl ether, an alkyl glycidyl ether, an alkylene glycol glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide, an ⁇ -olefin oxide, an epoxidized soybean oil, etc.
  • an epoxy compound such as phenyl glycidyl ether, an alkyl glycidyl ether, an alkylene glycol glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide, and an ⁇ -olefin oxide are preferred.
  • the branched is also acceptable, and the number of carbon atoms thereof is typically 3 to 30, preferably 4 to 24, and especially preferably 6 to 16.
  • the ⁇ -olefin oxide one having a total number of carbon atoms of generally 4 to 50, preferably 4 to 24, and especially 6 to 16 is used.
  • the acid scavenger may be used solely, or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
  • the content thereof is typically 0.005 to 5 mass%, and preferably 0.05 to 3 mass%, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, from the standpoints of effects and inhibition of sludge generation.
  • the lubricating oil composition may be improved in stability by containing the acid scavenger.
  • oxygen scavenger examples include a sulfur-containing aromatic compound, such as 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), diphenyl sulfide, dioctyldiphenyl sulfide, a dialkyldiphenylene sulfide, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, phenothiazine, benzothiapyrane, thiapyrane, thianthrene, dibenzothiapyrane, diphenylene disulfide, etc.;, an aliphatic unsaturated compound, such as various olefins, dienes, and trienes, etc.; a terpene compound having a double bond; and the like.
  • a sulfur-containing aromatic compound such as 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol)
  • diphenyl sulfide dioctyldiphenyl sulfide, a
  • the extreme pressure agent may include a phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent, such as a phosphate ester, an acidic phosphate ester, a phosphite ester, an acidic phosphite ester, and an amine salt thereof, etc.
  • a phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent such as a phosphate ester, an acidic phosphate ester, a phosphite ester, an acidic phosphite ester, and an amine salt thereof, etc.
  • a phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent tricresyl phosphate, trithiophenyl phosphate, tri(nonylphenyl) phosphite, dioleyl hydrogenphosphite, 2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphite, and the like are exemplified from the standpoint of the extreme pressure property, the frictional characteristics, and the like.
  • examples of the extreme pressure agent include a metal salt of a carboxylic acid.
  • the metal salt of a carboxylic acid as referred to herein is preferably a metal salt of a carboxylic acid having 3 to 60 carbon atoms, and more preferably a metal salt of a fatty acid having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and especially preferably 12 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • examples thereof may include a metal salt of a dimer acid or a trimer acid of the aforementioned fatty acid, and a dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 30 carbon atoms. Of those, a metal salt of a fatty acid having 12 to 30 carbon atoms and a dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 30 carbon atoms is especially preferred.
  • the metal constituting the metal salt is preferably an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and in particular, an alkali metal is optimum.
  • examples of the extreme pressure agent other than those as mentioned above may include a sulfur-based extreme pressure agent, such as sulfurized fats and oils, a sulfurized fatty acid, a sulfurized ester, a sulfurized olefin, a dihydrocarbyl polysulfide, a thiocarbamate compound, a thioterpene compound, a dialkyl thiodipropionate compound, etc.
  • a sulfur-based extreme pressure agent such as sulfurized fats and oils, a sulfurized fatty acid, a sulfurized ester, a sulfurized olefin, a dihydrocarbyl polysulfide, a thiocarbamate compound, a thioterpene compound, a dialkyl thiodipropionate compound, etc.
  • the content of the extreme pressure agent is typically 0.001 to 5 mass%, and especially preferably 0.005 to 3 mass% on the basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil composition from the standpoints of lubricating properties and stability.
  • the extreme pressure agent may be used solely, or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
  • the oiliness agent examples include an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, such as stearic acid, oleic acid, etc.; a polymerized fatty acid, such as a dimer acid, a hydrogenated dimer acid, etc.; a hydroxy fatty acid, such as ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, etc.; an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated monoalcohol, such as lauryl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, etc.; an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated monoamine, such as stearylamine, oleylamine, etc.; an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acid amide, such as lauric acid amide, oleic acid amide, etc.; a partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol, such as glycerin, sorbitol, etc., and an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; and the like.
  • Such an oiliness agent may be used solely, or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
  • the content thereof is chosen within the range of typically from 0.01 to 10 mass%, and preferably from 0.1 to 5 mass%, on the basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil composition.
  • Examples of the copper deactivator may include an N-[N,N'-dialkyl(alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms)aminomethyl]triazole, and the like.
  • Examples of the defoaming agent may include a silicone oil, a fluorinated silicone oil, and the like.
  • the content of the defoaming agent is typically 0.005 to 2 mass%, and preferably 0.01 to 1 mass%, relative to the whole amount of the lubricating oil composition.
  • Examples of the rust preventive may include a metal sulfonate, an aliphatic amine compound, an organic phosphite ester, an organic phosphate ester, an organic sulfonic acid metal salt, an organic phosphoric acid metal salt, an alkenyl succinate ester, a polyhydric alcohol ester, and the like.
  • the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment may further contain various other known additives within the range where the object of the present invention is not impaired.
  • the lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment can be used as a hydraulic oil, a turbine oil, a compressor oil, a bearing gear oil, an engine oil, a refrigerator oil, and the like, and among these, is preferably used as a refrigerator oil.
  • the lubricating oil composition used as a refrigerator oil is used under a refrigerant environment, and specifically used by filling in a refrigerator along with a refrigerant.
  • the refrigerator as referred to herein has a refrigeration cycle constituted of a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism (e.g., an expansion valve, etc.), and an evaporator as the essential components, or constituted of a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism, a dryer, and an evaporator as essential components.
  • the lubricating oil composition is used, for example, for lubricating a sliding portion provided in a compressor, etc.
  • the lubricating oil composition used as a refrigerator oil can be used for, for example, various refrigerator systems, hot water systems, and heating systems, such as various car air conditioners, e.g., an open type car air-conditioner and an electric car air-conditioner, a gas heat pump (GHP), an air conditioner, a fridge, an automatic vending machine, a showcase, a hot water supply machine, a floor heater, and the like.
  • various car air conditioners e.g., an open type car air-conditioner and an electric car air-conditioner, a gas heat pump (GHP), an air conditioner, a fridge, an automatic vending machine, a showcase, a hot water supply machine, a floor heater, and the like.
  • GFP gas heat pump
  • the method for producing a lubricating oil composition according to the present embodiment includes: blending a viscosity index improver with an oxygen-containing synthetic base oil, so as to provide a lubricating oil composition.
  • various additives may be blended with the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil in addition to the viscosity index improver.
  • the details of the oxygen-containing synthetic base oil, the viscosity index improver, and the additives, and the details of the lubricating oil composition are the same as above, and the detailed explanations are omitted herein.
  • the kinematic viscosity was measured with a glass capillary viscometer according to JIS K2283.
  • the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) were measured with gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • the measurement was performed by using two columns of Shodex KF-402HQ and chloroform as an eluent with an RI detector, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) were obtained with the standard polystyrene.
  • the pour point was measured according to JIS K2269.
  • the number average molecular weight of A7 shows the molecular weight calculated from the chemical formula (formula weight).
  • Table 2 Viscosity index improver 40°C Kinematic viscosity (mm 2 /s) 100°C Kinematic viscosity (mm 2 /s) Oxygen content Number average molecular weight Weight average molecular weight B1 Polyoxypropylene glycol diol (hydroxyl groups at both ends) 45,000 11,000 28% 150,000 345,000 B2 Polyoxypropylene glycol monobutyl ether 100,000 ⁇ 36,000 28% 460,000 1,932,000 B3 Polyoxyethylene glycol polyoxypropylene glycol diol (hydroxyl groups at both ends) 100,000 ⁇ 23,000 32% 300,000 1,110,000 B4 Polyoxybutylene glycol monobutyl ether 87,000 18,000 22% 210,000 546,000 B5 Polyethyl vinyl ether 100,000 ⁇ 35,000 22% 320,000 1,280,000 B6 PMA (polymethacrylate, polymer of alkyl methacrylate, al
  • Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 4 to 6 on the other hand, since a base oil or a viscosity index improver containing no oxygen was used, the base oil and the viscosity improver were separated from each other to fail to exhibit a sufficient effect of improving a viscosity index. Similarly, in Comparative Example 3, since the viscosity index improver had a low oxygen content and the ratio (A/B) exceeded 2, the base oil and the viscosity improver were separated from each other to fail to exhibit a sufficient effect of improving a viscosity index. In Comparative Example 7, furthermore, since the viscosity index improver was blended in a large amount outside the mass ratio of from 99.5:0.5 to 75:25, the pour point was increased and the low-temperature fluidity could not be improved.

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Claims (4)

  1. Composition d'huile lubrifiante comprenant 70 % en masse ou plus, sur la base de la quantité totale de la composition d'huile lubrifiante, d'une huile de base synthétique contenant de l'oxygène ayant une teneur en oxygène (A) de 15 à 40 % en masse et une viscosité cinématique à 100 °C de 0,5 à 50 mm2/s et un agent améliorant l'indice de viscosité qui est un composé contenant de l'oxygène ayant une teneur en oxygène (B) de 15 à 40 % en masse et une viscosité cinématique à 100 °C de 11 000 mm2/s ou plus,
    un rapport en masse de l'huile de base synthétique contenant de l'oxygène et de l'agent améliorant l'indice de viscosité étant de 99,5:0,5 à 75:25, et
    un rapport (A/B) de la teneur en oxygène (A) de l'huile de base synthétique contenant de l'oxygène sur la teneur en oxygène (B) de l'agent améliorant l'indice de viscosité étant dans une plage de 0,5 à 2,
    dans laquelle l'agent améliorant l'indice de viscosité est au moins un composé contenant de l'oxygène sélectionné à partir d'un composé d'éther polyvinylique, un composé de polyoxyalkylène glycol et un copolymère ayant une structure d'un poly(oxy)alkylène glycol ou un monoéther de celui-ci et un éther polyvinylique, et
    dans laquelle l'huile de base synthétique contenant de l'oxygène est au moins une sélectionnée à partir d'un composé d'éther polyvinylique, un composé de polyoxyalkylène glycol, un composé d'ester de polyol et un copolymère ayant une structure d'un poly(oxy)alkylène glycol ou un monoéther de celui-ci et un éther polyvinylique, et
    dans laquelle la viscosité cinématique est mesurée au moyen d'un viscosimètre capillaire en verre selon JIS K 2283.
  2. Composition d'huile lubrifiante selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'agent améliorant l'indice de viscosité est sélectionné à partir d'un composé de polyoxyalkylène glycol.
  3. Composition d'huile lubrifiante selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle la composition d'huile lubrifiante est sélectionnée à partir d'une huile hydraulique, une huile pour turbine, une huile pour compresseur, une huile pour engrenages, une huile pour moteur et une huile pour réfrigérateur.
  4. Procédé de production d'une composition d'huile lubrifiante comprenant: le mélange d'un agent améliorant l'indice de viscosité qui est un composé contenant de l'oxygène ayant une teneur en oxygène (B) de 15 à 40% en masse et une viscosité cinématique à 100 °C de 11 000 mm2/s ou plus, avec 70% en masse ou plus, sur la base de la quantité totale de la composition d'huile lubrifiante, d'une huile de base synthétique contenant de l'oxygène ayant une teneur en oxygène (A) de 15 à 40% en masse et une viscosité cinématique à 100 °C de 0,5 à 50 mm2/s,
    un rapport en masse de l'huile de base synthétique contenant de l'oxygène et de l'agent améliorant l'indice de viscosité étant de 99,5:0,5 à 75:25, et
    un rapport (A/B) de la teneur en oxygène (A) de l'huile de base synthétique contenant de l'oxygène sur la teneur en oxygène (B) de l'agent améliorant l'indice de viscosité étant dans une plage de 0,5 à 2,
    dans lequel l'agent améliorant l'indice de viscosité est au moins un composé contenant de l'oxygène sélectionnée à partir d'un composé d'éther polyvinylique, un composé de polyoxyalkylène glycol et un copolymère ayant une structure d'un poly(oxy)alkylène glycol ou un monoéther de celui-ci et un éther polyvinylique, et
    dans lequel l'huile de base synthétique contenant de l'oxygène est au moins une sélectionnée à partir d'un composé d'éther polyvinylique, un composé de polyoxyalkylène glycol, un composé d'ester de polyol et un copolymère ayant une structure d'un poly(oxy)alkylène glycol ou un monoéther de celui-ci et un éther polyvinylique, et
    dans lequel la viscosité cinématique est mesurée au moyen d'un viscosimètre capillaire en verre selon JIS K 2283.
EP16739985.6A 2015-01-19 2016-01-07 Composition d'huile lubrifiante Active EP3249030B1 (fr)

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JP2015007965A JP6431776B2 (ja) 2015-01-19 2015-01-19 潤滑油組成物
PCT/JP2016/050404 WO2016117378A1 (fr) 2015-01-19 2016-01-07 Composition d'huile lubrifiante

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EP3249030B1 true EP3249030B1 (fr) 2019-08-21

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JP (1) JP6431776B2 (fr)
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WO2016198668A1 (fr) * 2015-06-12 2016-12-15 Novamont S.P.A. Esters de triméthylolpropane à faible point d'écoulement
EP3516026A1 (fr) * 2016-09-23 2019-07-31 Basf Se Composition lubrifiante
EP3617503A1 (fr) * 2017-04-28 2020-03-04 Panasonic Appliances Refrigeration Devices Singapore Compresseur frigorifique fermé hermétiquement et dispositif frigorifique utilisant ledit compresseur
JP7016733B2 (ja) * 2018-03-13 2022-02-07 出光興産株式会社 潤滑油組成物、潤滑油組成物の製造方法及び無段変速機
WO2023190361A1 (fr) * 2022-03-30 2023-10-05 出光興産株式会社 Composition d'huile lubrifiante, procédé d'utilisation de composition d'huile lubrifiante, et procédé de production de composition d'huile lubrifiante
KR102624723B1 (ko) * 2023-08-30 2024-01-12 주식회사 엘엔씨테크 유압작동유 및 이의 제조방법.

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WO2016117378A1 (fr) 2016-07-28
EP3249030A4 (fr) 2018-06-13
CN107109292A (zh) 2017-08-29
KR102603887B1 (ko) 2023-11-17
JP6431776B2 (ja) 2018-11-28
US20180016518A1 (en) 2018-01-18
EP3249030A1 (fr) 2017-11-29
KR20170105484A (ko) 2017-09-19
CN107109292B (zh) 2021-03-26
JP2016132722A (ja) 2016-07-25

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