EP3244030A1 - Centrale thermique à vapeur avec amplification de puissance grâce à l'utilisation d'un réchauffage de drain de chauffage supérieur - Google Patents

Centrale thermique à vapeur avec amplification de puissance grâce à l'utilisation d'un réchauffage de drain de chauffage supérieur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3244030A1
EP3244030A1 EP16168817.1A EP16168817A EP3244030A1 EP 3244030 A1 EP3244030 A1 EP 3244030A1 EP 16168817 A EP16168817 A EP 16168817A EP 3244030 A1 EP3244030 A1 EP 3244030A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
high pressure
line
pressure preheater
extraction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16168817.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mahendra Singh MEHRA
Suraj KANNAYE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
General Electric Technology GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Technology GmbH filed Critical General Electric Technology GmbH
Priority to EP16168817.1A priority Critical patent/EP3244030A1/fr
Publication of EP3244030A1 publication Critical patent/EP3244030A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F01K3/26—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by steam
    • F01K3/262—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by steam by means of heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/38—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of turbine type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/40—Use of two or more feed-water heaters in series

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to a power plant comprising a steam production unit, a steam turbine and water steam cycle, and in particular to a power plant of this type that is designed for dynamic response.
  • the invention pertains furthermore to a method of operating such power plant.
  • Power plants are operated and regulated such that they can provide power corresponding to the demand in electrical energy in the grid. Variations in the magnitude of the demand can occur for example when a large user is added or stopped, a large electricity producer trips, or a transmission line fails due to overload, disruption, or short circuit. Large variations in demand or supply of electricity typically result in a variation of the AC-frequency. In order to compensate for this frequency variation, power plants are designed to provide a dynamic response, which is the ability to respond to changes in the demand of electrical energy upon detection of the frequency variations and maintain a balance between the electrical energy drawn and electrical energy provided.
  • Variations in the energy drawn from the grid can be both large in magnitude as well as rapid that are within a time span as short as a few seconds. They can occur when a number of large users alter their demand or other providers connected to the same grid decrease or stop their service. A dynamic response must be able to react to frequency changes by providing a load change of the power plants still connected to the grid within a short time.
  • grid codes are established by requiring that power plants be able to generate a minimum load response within a certain time frame when rapid frequency variations occur. Such grid code is given for example for the national grid in Great Britain. As documented in "The Grid Code", Issue 4, by the National Grid Electricity Transmission pic, it requires that a power plant operating between 65 and 90% of its nominal power be able to increase the power generated by 10% of its nominal power within 10 seconds. However, many power plants cannot fulfil such requirements because their system reaction times are too long and/or their load changes are too small in amplitude.
  • the steam flow through the turbines is increased thereby providing a load increase.
  • opening a high-pressure throttle valve increases the live steam flow entering the high-pressure turbine.
  • the temperature and pressure adjust only after a full minute following the opening of the high-pressure throttle. Large load changes can therefore not be accommodated by this method within a short time.
  • condensate stop a steam extraction from the steam turbines is stopped and the condensate flow extracted by the condensate pump is recirculated back to the condensate well.
  • the total amount of steam passing through the steam turbines is immediately increased and the power output of the generator is increased proportionally.
  • the recirculation of the condensate flow and therefore shutdown of the condensate flow through the condensate preheaters prevents a drop in the temperature of the feedwater in the feedwater tank. The temperature at the boiler inlet is therefore maintained.
  • a condensate stop can be maintained as long as the level in the feedwater tank remains above a critical level necessary to prevent a tripping of the boiler and so condensate stop is an effective method to generate a load jump.
  • the method is effective only over a short time period that is on the order of a few minutes. This is due to the diminished steam extraction resulting in a drop in the feedwater tank level and an increase in condensate level in the condenser well as a condensate stop can only be maintained until certain critical levels are reached in the feedwater tank and condenser well.
  • DE 4344118 discloses a method of operating a power plant including condensate stop together with a control of the power reserve in order provide a primary frequency response.
  • the amount of high-pressure steam extracted for the preheating of feedwater is reduced or shut-off and a load increase is affected by the resulting increase of the high-pressure steam flowing through the high-pressure turbine.
  • the inventor comprises a steam plant with a steam cycle and a water cycle wherein steam is extracted from the steam, condensed against boiler feed water of the water cycle and at least a portion of condensed extraction steam returned into a cold reheat line of the steam cycle, defined a steam line upstream of a reheater.
  • This solution provides an alternative to the use of an overload valve, without the complexities of an overload valve.
  • it additionally provides the option to remove an overload valve installation and install additional stages in the steam turbine, thus increasing turbine expansion which is quite complex.
  • the steam water cycle includes a first high pressure preheater and a second high pressure preheater down of the first high pressure preheater.
  • the a steam cycle includes a boiler, with a reheater and a superheater, a high pressure steam turbine downstream of the superheater configured to expand the steam so as to extract energy from the steam, and a cold reheater line connected to the high pressure steam turbine to the reheater.
  • the power plant also includes an extraction steam line connected to the high pressure steam turbine and the second high pressure preheater, for providing a first extraction steam into the second high pressure preheater, and a condensate drain line connected to the second high pressure preheater and the first high pressure preheater, configured and arranged to direct a condensed first extraction steam into the first high pressure preheater.
  • a first valve in the condensate drain line is configured to at least partially restricts flow from the second high pressure preheater to the first high pressure preheater.
  • a line further connects the condensate drain line upstream of the first valve and the cold reheater line.
  • Implementations may include one or more of the following features.
  • the power plant where the extraction line is connected to an intermediate stage of the high pressure steam turbine.
  • the power plant where the line includes a valve for isolating the cold reheat line from the condensate drain line.
  • the power plant where the second high pressure preheater includes a desuperheater section configured and arranged to remove superheat from extraction steam, a condenser section configured and arranged to condense extraction steam and a drain cooler section configured and arranged to cool condensed extraction steam, while the first high pressure preheater includes a desuperheater section configured and arranged to remove superheat from extraction steam and a condenser section configured and arranged to condense extraction steam.
  • the power plant may also include a drain line is connected between the drain cooler section of the second high pressure preheater and the condenser section of the first high pressure preheater.
  • One general aspect includes a method for operating a steam plant including the steps of:
  • Implementations may include one or more of the following features.
  • the method where step b) is realised using the extraction steam line and the second high pressure preheater.
  • the method where step c) further includes stopping the condensed extraction steam to the first high pressure preheater using the first valve.
  • Fig. 1 shows a power plant PP of the prior art to which exemplary embodiments of the invention may be applied.
  • the power plant PP has a boiler 2 comprising, a superheater 3, and a reheater 4, and several steam turbines 6,7,8 which include a high-pressure turbine stage 6, to which superheated steam from a boiler 2 steam is fed via a line, an intermediated-pressure turbine stage 7 and a low-pressure turbine stage 8.
  • Steam expanded in the high-pressure turbine stage 6 is fed via a cold reheat line 10a to a reheater 4 located in the boiler 2 before being lead into the intermediate-pressure turbine stage 7 a reheat line 10. After expansion in the intermediate-pressure turbine stage 7 the steam is further expanded in the low-pressure turbine stage 8.
  • All turbines are mounted on one or more shaft 11 that drive a generator. From the end of the steam turbine 6,7,8 i.e. the low-pressure turbine 8 exhaust steam is then lead to a condenser 13, where resulting condensate collects in a condensate well wherein it is then pumped through a boiler feed water preheat system by a condensate extraction pump 14 pumps.
  • the boiler feedwater preheat system comprising a series of low pressure condensate preheaters 21, 22, 24, 25, which are each operated by steam extracted from the low- and intermediate-pressure steam turbine stages 7, 8 and lead to the condensate preheaters 21, 22, 24, 25 via extraction lines.
  • the condensate preheated in the low-pressure preheaters 21, 22, 24, 25 is collected in the boiler feedwater tank 30. Additional heat may be provided to the feedwater tank 30 via a steam extraction line from the intermediate-pressure turbine stage 7, which is used for preheating in a third high pressure preheater 33 and subsequently a fourth high pressure preheater 34.
  • a feedwater pump FWP directs the feedwater through high-pressure preheaters 34,33,32,31. Following the fourth high pressure heater 34 feedwater is next feed through a first high pressure preheater 31, a second high pressure preheater 32 and then a third high pressure preheater 33 and finally to the boiler 2 thus completing the water steam cycle of the power plant PP.
  • the feedwater pump FWP directs the feedwater through high-pressure preheater 32, 31. Following the first high pressure heater 31 feedwater is next feed through a second high pressure preheater 32 and then finally to the boiler 2 thus completing the water steam cycle of the power plant PP.
  • a suitable boiler 2 may be any boiler fired by fossil fuel, such as gas, coal or oil, or a heat exchanger that utilises a hot fluid, such as a gas or liquid as an energy source, wherein the superheater 3 is an exchanger located in the boiler 2 whose primary duty is to convert feedwater from the feed water preheat system to steam, while a reheater 4, located in the same boiler reheats steam expanded in the high pressure steam turbine stage 6.
  • fossil fuel such as gas, coal or oil
  • a heat exchanger that utilises a hot fluid, such as a gas or liquid as an energy source
  • Each of the steam turbine stages of the steam turbine train are in part defined as a stage by being enclosed in a house separate from other stages of the steam turbine train. That is, while a single steam turbine stage my include multiple stationary and moving turbine vane and blade rows as well as multiple inlets and outlets along the expansion path of the steam turbine stage, the steam turbine stage is defined by a housing that encompasses these multiple vane and blade rows.
  • the pressure designation of the low pressure preheaters and high pressure preheaters defined the relative pressure of feedwater passing through the preheaters in normal operation.
  • each of the first and second high pressure preheaters 31, 32 is heated with steam extracted from the steam circuit via steam extraction lines 12 taken from the last stage of the high pressure steam turbine 6/ cold reheat line 10a and an intermediate stage of the high pressure steam turbine 6 respectively.
  • the extracted steam is directed through the shell sides of the first high-pressure heater 31 and the second high pressure preheater 32 while boiler feed water is directed through the tube side.
  • both the first and second high pressure preheaters includes a desuperheater section 31 a, 32a configured to remove at least some of the superheat from extraction steam, a condensing section 31 b, 32b wherein extraction steam is condensed, and a drain cooler section 31 c, 31 c where condensed extraction steam is cooled below its saturated temperature.
  • the configuration and presence of the desuperheater section 31 a, 32a and the drain cooler section 31 c, 32c is dependent on the actual configuration of the steam plant to which the invention is applied, including whether or not extraction steam includes superheat.
  • a drain line 14 connects the drain cooler section 32c of the second high pressure preheater 32 to the condensing section 31 b of the first high pressure preheater 31.
  • the drain line 14 14 connects the drain cooler section 32c of the second high pressure preheater 32 to the condensing section 31 b of the first high pressure preheater 31.
  • Both of these embodiments include a valve 35 in the drain line 14, for isolating or at least limiting the flow of condensed extraction steam from the second high pressure preheater 32 to the first high pressure preheater 31, and a further drain line 15 that branches from the drain line 14 upstream of the valve 35 and is further connected to the cold reheat line 10a.
  • the further drain line 15 also includes a valve 34.
  • a load jump case where output need to be increased The valve 35 of the first drain line is at least partially closed while the valve 34 of the further drain line 15 is opened thus send extraction steam condensate from the second high pressure preheater 32 to cold reheat line.
  • the result is that condensed extraction steam mixes with cold reheat flow reducing the temperature of the cold reheat steam while increasing its mass flow with the added condensate. As result energy can be can be extracted in the reheater 4 thus providing a load jump.
  • Fig. 1 embodiments may be applied to other power plants PP having the same basic power plant configurations comprising a boiler 2 having a superheater 3 and reheater 4, a steam turbine train having a high pressure steam turbine stage 6 and subsequent lower pressure steam turbine stage 7,8 and a feedwater preheat system comprising one or more low pressure preheaters 21, 22, 24, 25, a feedwater tank 30 and at least two high pressure preheaters 31, 32.
  • a boiler 2 having a superheater 3 and reheater 4
  • a steam turbine train having a high pressure steam turbine stage 6 and subsequent lower pressure steam turbine stage 7,8
  • a feedwater preheat system comprising one or more low pressure preheaters 21, 22, 24, 25, a feedwater tank 30 and at least two high pressure preheaters 31, 32.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
EP16168817.1A 2016-05-09 2016-05-09 Centrale thermique à vapeur avec amplification de puissance grâce à l'utilisation d'un réchauffage de drain de chauffage supérieur Withdrawn EP3244030A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP16168817.1A EP3244030A1 (fr) 2016-05-09 2016-05-09 Centrale thermique à vapeur avec amplification de puissance grâce à l'utilisation d'un réchauffage de drain de chauffage supérieur

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EP16168817.1A EP3244030A1 (fr) 2016-05-09 2016-05-09 Centrale thermique à vapeur avec amplification de puissance grâce à l'utilisation d'un réchauffage de drain de chauffage supérieur

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EP3244030A1 true EP3244030A1 (fr) 2017-11-15

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112039091A (zh) * 2020-09-07 2020-12-04 上海明华电力科技有限公司 一种基于零号高加的一次调频控制方法
CN112282877A (zh) * 2020-09-27 2021-01-29 山东电力工程咨询院有限公司 一种二次再热机组工业抽汽系统及其运行方法
CN113217127A (zh) * 2021-03-16 2021-08-06 国能龙源蓝天节能技术有限公司 一种多级抽汽背压式小汽轮机分级回热与供暖系统及方法
WO2023066462A1 (fr) * 2021-10-19 2023-04-27 Gas Shipping Advisors, S.L. Procédé de conversion d'installations de propulsion à vapeur ou hybride de navire méthanier

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4274259A (en) * 1976-09-30 1981-06-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Superheated steam power plant with steam to steam reheater
DE4344118A1 (de) 1993-12-23 1995-06-29 Abb Patent Gmbh Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Steuerung und Regelung der Dampfkraftwerksleistung unter Einsatz von Kondensatstopp
DE4404297A1 (de) * 1994-02-11 1995-08-24 Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag Kraftwerksprozeß
US6041604A (en) * 1998-07-14 2000-03-28 Helios Research Corporation Rankine cycle and working fluid therefor
EP1368555A1 (fr) 2001-03-15 2003-12-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede d'utilisation d'un groupe vapeur et groupe vapeur correspondant
EP2942496A1 (fr) * 2014-05-08 2015-11-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Installation de chauffage oxy avec unité de séparation d'air intégré de chaleur

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4274259A (en) * 1976-09-30 1981-06-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Superheated steam power plant with steam to steam reheater
DE4344118A1 (de) 1993-12-23 1995-06-29 Abb Patent Gmbh Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Steuerung und Regelung der Dampfkraftwerksleistung unter Einsatz von Kondensatstopp
DE4404297A1 (de) * 1994-02-11 1995-08-24 Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag Kraftwerksprozeß
US6041604A (en) * 1998-07-14 2000-03-28 Helios Research Corporation Rankine cycle and working fluid therefor
EP1368555A1 (fr) 2001-03-15 2003-12-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede d'utilisation d'un groupe vapeur et groupe vapeur correspondant
EP2942496A1 (fr) * 2014-05-08 2015-11-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Installation de chauffage oxy avec unité de séparation d'air intégré de chaleur

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112039091A (zh) * 2020-09-07 2020-12-04 上海明华电力科技有限公司 一种基于零号高加的一次调频控制方法
CN112282877A (zh) * 2020-09-27 2021-01-29 山东电力工程咨询院有限公司 一种二次再热机组工业抽汽系统及其运行方法
CN113217127A (zh) * 2021-03-16 2021-08-06 国能龙源蓝天节能技术有限公司 一种多级抽汽背压式小汽轮机分级回热与供暖系统及方法
WO2023066462A1 (fr) * 2021-10-19 2023-04-27 Gas Shipping Advisors, S.L. Procédé de conversion d'installations de propulsion à vapeur ou hybride de navire méthanier

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