EP3243997A1 - Escape door - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an escape door (11) for separating a tunnel of a traffic tunnel from an escape route under pressure by air, comprising a door leaf (13) which can close the opening between the tunnel tube and the escape route, a first pivot bearing (17) the door leaf (13) is connected and forms a first axis of rotation about which the door leaf (13) between an open position and a closing position is rotatable and a door frame (15) which framed the opening and on which the first pivot bearing (17) is arranged , The first pivot bearing (17) is slidably connected in a guide which is formed along the door frame above the opening, and at a distance from the longitudinal sides (31,33) on the upper side of the door leaf (13). Two lever arms (23a, 23b) are connected via a second axis of rotation forming second pivot bearing (21a, 21b) to the door leaf (13) and via a third axis of rotation (25) forming third pivot bearing (27a, 27b) attached to the door frame (15). The first, second and third axes of rotation are aligned in parallel. The air pressure can act on both sides of the first axis of rotation on the escape route oriented door leaf surface.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to an escape door for separating a tube of a traffic tunnel from a standing under an air pressure escape route according to the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

Escape doors are known from the prior art, which separate the tube of a traffic tunnel escape routes. The separation is also important insofar as in the escape routes in normal operation, an air pressure of about 50 to 80 Pa is present. In the event of an incident, such as a tunnel fire or smoke, the excess air pressure in the escape route is increased to 450 to 500 Pa in order to keep the escape route smoke-free in case of fire.

Conventional swing doors have the disadvantage that they can be difficult to open against the overpressure, especially in case of an accident, as can affect the entire surface of the door leaf of the pressure.

Therefore, sliding doors are preferably used in the implementation of escape doors, since the opening direction of the sliding door is oriented perpendicular to the air pressure. As a result, the opening of a sliding door is associated with a comparatively lower expenditure of force. The bulges, which are necessary for the installation of the sliding doors on the walls connecting the sliding door, however, are associated with high costs.

In the FR 2 979 373 A1 a corridor is disclosed which comprises an access and an exit. The entrance and exit are each closed by a double door. To prevent a return from access and traffic peaks, both double doors can be opened and closed automatically.

The double doors are so-called rotary-sliding doors. A door leaf of the double door comprises a first pivot bearing, which is connected to the door leaf and a first axis of rotation forms, by which the door leaf between an open position and a closing position is rotatable. In the door frame, the first pivot bearing in a guide, which is formed along the door frame above the opening, connected centrally from the longitudinal sides at the top of the door leaf with this. Two lever arms are connected via a second axis of rotation forming second pivot bearing with the door leaf. About a third axis of rotation forming third pivot bearing, the lever arms are attached to the door frame. Since the air force forms a natural equilibrium of forces with drafts on the door leaf, the door leaf can not be opened or closed by drafts. However, if different pressure conditions prevail on both sides of the double door, then this rotary sliding door is either very difficult to open or close.

Object of the invention

From the disadvantages of the described prior art, the task initiating the present invention results in the further development of a generic escape door, which enables a more cost-effective installation and nevertheless can be opened with little effort.

description

The solution of the problem is achieved in an escape door in that the first axis of rotation is positioned at an off-center distance from the longitudinal sides of the door leaf, whereby the air pressure can cause a torque to open the door leaf, which in dependence on the prevailing air pressure in the escape route through the position the first axis of rotation is selectable. The resulting torque is preferably used to lift a closing weight, which embodiment is described below. By selecting the distance of the first axis of rotation or the first pivot bearing from the longitudinal sides, the size of the torque can be adjusted.

The fact that the first axis of rotation is not arranged on a longitudinal side of the door leaf, as is the case with conventional swing doors, but is at a distance to the two longitudinal sides, the air pressure on both sides of the first Facing the rotation axis on the door leaf. As a result, the opening force in an escape door, on one side of which an overpressure prevails, can be converted to an opening aid in a simple and surprising manner, although the door leaf opens in the direction of the overpressure. Since the pressure acts on both sides of the first axis of rotation on the door leaf, the resulting torque acting on the first axis of rotation, however, regardless of the size of the existing overpressure depending on the selected position of the first axis of rotation. The torque is therefore dependent on the selected lever ratios on the door leaf. The escape door is designed to be barrier-free and can be easily opened and passed by persons in a wheelchair, since the pivoting area of the escape door is much smaller than with a conventional door.

It has proven expedient if the ratio of the distance of the first axis of rotation from the longitudinal axis of the door leaf facing the third axis of rotation to the width of the door leaf is between 1: 1.4 and 1: 1.95, preferably between 1: 1.5 and 1 to 1.8 and more preferably between 1 to 1.6 and 1 to 1.7. With this ratio, there is sufficient torque at the first axis of rotation, which is sufficient for lifting a closing weight.

Conveniently, the lever arms have a length whose ratio to the width of the door leaf between 1 to 2 and 1 to 5, preferably between 1 to 3.5 and 1 to 4.5, and more preferably between 1 to 3 and 1 to 4. In conjunction with the above position information of the first axis of rotation, the present choice of length of the lever arms causes the door leaf can be completely open and is at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to the door frame when the first pivot bearing is moved to the third pivot bearing.

The invention is also preferably characterized in that acts on the first pivot bearing a force, whereby a closing aid is realized, which causes an independent closure of the door leaf. This embodiment results in that the door leaf is always automatically transferred from the open position to the closed position. In this case, the force required to overcome the closing force when opening the door leaf is provided by the torque acting on the first axis of rotation.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a device is provided by which the closing movement can be braked. This closes the door leaf in a controlled manner without falling into the lock at high speed without braking.

Conveniently, the device is an air brake, which is realized by a pressure cylinder, wherein the air outlet speed of the air expressed during closing of the door leaf from the cylinder with a valve is controllable. The air brake makes it possible for the closing speed to be reduced and for the door leaf to be dampened and to move into the closed position in a controlled manner. It is also conceivable that the closing process is controlled in addition to or instead of the air brake by a compression spring.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the force is selected such that it compensates for the contact pressure of the air overpressure acting on both sides of the first axis of rotation. The force can counteract the torque acting on the first axis of rotation. As a result, the force acting as a closing force can be overcome when opening and the opening force is still low.

The invention is also preferably characterized in that the force is caused by a weight which is connected by means of a cable to the first pivot bearing. This type of closing force is realized by a virtually maintenance-free device. In addition, the weight can be adjusted precisely and without effort to the required closing force by placing or removing weight plates.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the first pivot bearing is connectable to the door leaf at a plurality of suspension points. The plurality of suspension points make it possible that the distance between the first pivot bearing and thus the first axis of rotation of the first and second longitudinal side of the door leaf is variable. Since the off-center arrangement, as already described above, causes a torque on the door leaf, the size of the torque can be adjusted or changed by adjusting the distance of the first pivot bearing. The possibility of determining the suspension point of the first pivot bearing means that the torque can be adjusted as a function of the overpressure prevailing in the escape route.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one locking bolt is arranged on the door leaf, which can be extended by an intumescent material and can be latched in the door frame. Under an intumescent material is to be understood in the context of this invention, a material which increases in volume under heat. In most cases, such materials form a heat-resistant cured foam, which seals a fire door against fire as Dämmschichtbildner. The intumescent material is received in the door leaf in a recess. The locking bolt is also received in the recess and closes the recess. When heat is applied to the door leaf, the intumescent material reacts and expands. As a result, the locking pin is partially pressed out of the recess and locked in the door frame. In the event of a fire, the escape door is locked after the response time of the intumescent material has passed.

It proves to be advantageous if a fire protection seal is arranged on the first and second longitudinal side and the upper side of the door leaf. As a result, the escape door is not only locked in the event of a fire, but also sealed gas-tight. Since the door leaf of the escape door according to the invention performs a rotating and sliding movement, fire protection seals which are used in conventional doors are however unsuitable.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the fire seal is realized by a metal profile, which can be extended by an intumescent material, wherein the door frame facing side of the metal profile may be provided with a fire protection tape. The metal profile and the intumescent material may be received in a recess on the sides of the door frame or are preferably received in an angled rail which is secured to the sides of the door frame. The recess formed between the door frame side and the rail is partially filled with intumescent material. Zuäusserst the metal profile is inserted into the recess. So that the intumescent material and the metal profile do not fall out of the recess, they are glued in the recess, without the bond obstructing the movement of the metal profile when exposed to heat. Upon expansion of the intumescent material due to heat the metal profile is pressed out of the recess on the door frame. In order to improve the sealing effect between the metal profile and the door frame, the metal profile may be provided with a fire protection tape.

Conveniently, at least one lowering threshold is arranged on the underside of the door leaf, which is extendable when closing the door frame from the bottom. As a result, the door leaf is sealed by the lowering threshold and the fire protection seals circumferentially opposite the door frame. The lowering threshold includes a rubber seal which is pressed to the ground. The rubber seal is so flexible that even unevenness of the soil can be compensated and the lowering threshold is therefore able to seal the door leaf against uneven floors gas-tight. For example, a bolt arranged on the door leaf, which is pressed into this during the closing of the door leaf, cause the lowering threshold to extend. The lowering threshold may be suspended on a linearly moving rocker on the door leaf. A linear shift of the lowering threshold triggered by the bolt also leads to a vertical movement of the lowering thresholds down. It would also be conceivable that a fire protection seal described above is arranged on the underside of the door frame.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the first pivot bearing is connected to a rolling carriage, which is displaceable along the upper side of the door frame. The first pivot bearing can therefore be linearly moved along the door frame. The top of the door frame can serve as a running rail for the roller carriage.

Figur 1:

eine axonometrische Frontansicht einer geschlossenen Fluchttüre;

Figur 2:

die Fluchttür aus Figur 1 mit entfernten Türrahmenblenden;

Figur 3:

eine Detailansicht der Oberseite aus Figur 2;

Figur 4:

eine axonometrische Frontansicht der geöffneten Fluchttür;

Figur 5:

die Fluchttür aus Figur 4 mit entfernten Türrahmenblenden;

Figur 6:

eine Detailansicht der Oberseite der geöffneten Fluchttür;

Figur 7:

eine Detailansicht der zweiten Längsseite mit einem im Brandfall ausstossbaren Verriegelungsbolzen und Brandschutzdichtungen an der Oberseite des Türblattes;

Figur 8:

eine Schnittdarstellung durch die zweite Längsseite mit Brandschutzdichtungen,

Figur 9:

eine axonometrische Ansicht einer Brandschutzdichtung und

Figur 10

eine axonometrische Ansicht der Unterseite des Türblattes mit ausfahrbaren Senkschwelle.

Further advantages and features will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment of the invention with reference to the schematic representations. It shows in not to scale representation:

FIG. 1:

an axonometric front view of a closed escape door;

FIG. 2:

the escape door FIG. 1 with removed door frame panels;

FIG. 3:

a detailed view of the top FIG. 2 ;

FIG. 4:

an axonometric front view of the opened escape door;

FIG. 5:

the escape door FIG. 4 with removed door frame panels;

FIG. 6:

a detail view of the top of the opened escape door;

FIG. 7:

a detailed view of the second longitudinal side with an ejectable in case of fire locking bolt and fire protection seals on the top of the door panel;

FIG. 8:

a sectional view through the second longitudinal side with fire protection seals,

FIG. 9:

an axonometric view of a fire seal and

FIG. 10

an axonometric view of the underside of the door leaf with extendable lowering threshold.

In the FIGS. 1 to 6 an escape door is shown, which is designated overall by the reference numeral 11. The escape door 11 separates the tube of a traffic tunnel from an escape route. The escape route is under an overpressure, in order to displace the smoke from the escape route in case of smoke formation. In the event of an emergency, the excess pressure in the escape route is increased from approx. 50 Pa to 450 to 500 Pa to ensure that no smoke can penetrate the escape route.

The escape door comprises in a known manner a door leaf 13 and a door frame 15, in which the door leaf is rotatably arranged. For detecting the escape route, a pictogram 16 is present on the door leaf 13. The escape door 11 comprises a first, second and third pivot bearing.

The first pivot bearing 17 is not arranged on the edge of the door leaf as in conventional doors, but is formed at a distance from the longitudinal sides 31, 33 of the door leaf 13. The door leaf 13 is rotatable about the first pivot bearing 17, which is linearly displaceable on the upper side of the door leaf 13 on the door frame 15. As in the Figures 2,3 . 5 and 6 is shown, the first pivot bearing 17 is attached to a carriage 19. The roller carriage 19 slides along the top of the door frame 13, which acts as a rail for the carriage 19. By the carriage 19, the first pivot bearing 17 is linear led the door frame. The first pivot bearing 17 is fastened eccentrically to the upper side of the door leaf 13.

A second pivot bearing 21 is arranged between the first pivot bearing 17 and the longitudinal side of the door leaf 13, which is farther away from the first pivot bearing 17. The second pivot bearing 21 is formed as an upper and a lower second pivot bearing 21a, 21b, which are fixed to the top and the bottom of the door leaf.

At the second pivot bearings 21a, 21b respectively the first end of a lever arm 23a, 23b is articulated. The second ends of the lever arms 23 a, 23 b are connected to each other with an axis 25. The axis 25 is rotatably mounted with third pivot bearings 27 a, 27 b on the door frame 15.

The escape door is equipped with a panic bar 29. If the panic bar 29 is pressed, a door latch is withdrawn. Preferably, the panic bar 29 or a pressure plate extends between the second longitudinal side 33 and the first axis of rotation 17 so as not to unnecessarily reduce the passage. The door leaf 13 pivots with the second longitudinal side 33 in the escape route. The distance of the first pivot bearing 17 to the longitudinal sides of the door leaf 13 is selected eccentrically. The distance to the first longitudinal side 31, which faces the axis 25, is greater than the distance to the axis 25 facing away from the longitudinal side 33. Preferably, the ratio of the distance of the first pivot bearing 17 to the first longitudinal side 31 to the broad side of the escape door thirteenth between 1 to 1.6 and 1 to 1.7. For example, the distance between the first pivot bearing 17 and the first longitudinal side is 804 mm and the door width is 1360 mm, which corresponds to a ratio of 1 to 1.68. The prevailing in the escape route air pressure can cause by the eccentric arrangement of the first pivot bearing 17 a torque which is adjustable in dependence on the size of the air pressure by selecting the distance of the first pivot bearing 17 of the first longitudinal side 31. The torque is greatest at the beginning of opening and is reduced by the fact that the door leaf is twisted and there is a pressure equalization between the tunnel tube and the escape route. If the first pivot bearing arranged centrally, so no torque would be present, since the pressure forces would cancel in this case.

If the door leaf is opened, the torque causes the door leaf 13 to rotate about the first pivot bearing 17. In this case, the second longitudinal side 33 rotates in the direction of Escape route and the first longitudinal side 31 in the direction of the tunnel tube. The second and third pivot bearings 21,27, which are connected to each other with the lever arms 23a, 23b, cause the rolling carriage 19 moves together with the first pivot bearing 17 in the direction of the axis 25. The door leaf 13 performs when opening a rotary movement and a sliding movement and is forcibly guided by the lever arms 23 a, 23 b. There is therefore a corresponding position along the upper door frame for each opening angle. The torque causes by the present pivot bearing lever arm construction a rotating and sliding movement in the opening direction of the door leaf thirteenth

The length of the lever arms 23a, 23b is to be selected depending on the position of the first pivot bearing 17. Only when the length of the lever arms 23a, 23b adapted to this position, the door panel 13 can be fully open. The opening position is in the FIGS. 4 to 6 shown. In this embodiment, the length of the lever arms 23 a, 23 b is dimensioned such that the door leaf is at an angle of 90 degrees to the door frame 15. In the above dimensioning example, the length of the lever arms 23a, 23b is 400 mm. The ratio of the length of the lever arms 23a, 23b to the width of the door leaf is preferably between 1 to 4 and 1 to 3.

At the first pivot bearing 17 and the roller carriage 19 may be attached via a cable 35, a weight 37. The weight 37 is dimensioned such that it reduces or eliminates the torque which acts on the first pivot bearing 17 when opening. The weight 37 may, for example, be chosen such that the door leaf 13 is in equilibrium upon opening and does not open automatically by the torque or only with a reduced opening force. The weight 37 can serve as a closing aid. During the opening of the door leaf 37 we pulled the weight in the air, since the carriage 19 moves in the direction of the axis 25. In the opening position of the door leaf 13, the weight 37 is in its highest position, from which it moves downwards. As a result, the door leaf 13 is automatically pulled into the closed position. Due to the pressure equalization, no torque is present on the first pivot bearing 17 when closing the door leaf 13, which would counteract the weight 37 when closing the door leaf 13.

So that the door leaf 13 does not strike uncontrollably by lowering the weight 37, the closing force is decelerated. This can be done by a compression spring which, for example, is compressed by the rolling carriage at the end of the closing process. It is also possible that an acting as an air brake pressure cylinder is provided and compressed in this air during the closing process and acts on the moving door leaf 13 damping. The air outlet of the compressed air can be controlled from the pressure cylinder via a valve that controls the airflow. As a result, the damping effect of the printing cylinder can be adjusted.

In the FIGS. 7 to 10 Fire protection elements are shown, which seal the door leaf 13 against the door frame 15 in case of fire or lock. In FIG. 7 two locking bolts 39 are shown, which are arranged within the door leaf 13. The locking bolt 39 can be extended by an intumescent material and latched in the door frame 15. The intumescent material is received in a recess of a holder 41. The locking bolt 39 is also received in the recess above the intumescent material and closes the recess. When exposed to heat on the door panel 13, the intumescent material reacts and expands. As a result, the locking pin 39 is partially pressed out of the holder 41 and locked in the door frame 1.5. In the event of a fire, the escape door 11 is locked after the response time of the intumescent material has passed. In FIG. 7 Fire protection seals 43 are also shown, which are fastened to the upper side of the door leaf 13.

The fire protection seals 43 are preferably arranged in pairs on the upper side, the first longitudinal side 31 and the second longitudinal side 33 in order to ensure the closure of the distances between the door leaf 13 and the door frame 15 with respect to combustion gases and smoke with maximum reliability and to ensure a fire safety. As FIG. 8 In detail, the fire protection seal 43 comprises a rectangular metal profile 45, an intumescent material 47 and a rail 49, which forms a recess 51. The door frame 15 facing side of the metal profile 45 may be provided with a fire protection tape 53. The metal profile 45 and the intumescent material 47 are preferably received in an angled rail 49, which is attached to the sides of the door frame 15. The recess 49 is partially filled with intumeszentem material 47. Zuäusserst the metal profile 45 is inserted into the recess 47. So that the intumescent material 47 and the metal profile 45 do not fall out of the recess 47, they are glued in the recess 47, without that the bond hinders the movement of the metal profile 45 when exposed to heat. Upon expansion of the intumescent material 47 due to the action of heat, the metal profile 45 is pressed out of the recess on the door frame 15. In order to improve the sealing effect between the metal profile 45 and the door frame 15, the metal profile 45 is provided with a fire protection tape 53.

In FIG. 10 a pair of sinkers 55 are shown. The lowering thresholds 55 are arranged on the underside of the door leaf 13 and can be extended when closing the door leaf 13 from the bottom. As a result, the door leaf 13 is sealed by the lowering threshold 55 and the fire protection seals 43 circumferentially with respect to the door frame 15. For example, a bolt arranged on the door frame 15, which penetrates into this during the closing of the door leaf 13, cause the lowering thresholds 55 to extend. In the closed state of the door leaf 13, the lowering thresholds 55 are gas-tight on the ground.

The inventive escape door 11 is inexpensive to install, since it requires no bulge in the wall area such as a sliding door for installation. The door frame 15 of the escape door 11 can be mounted directly in front of a wall opening. A conventional door can not be used as an escape door, since the opening force, especially in case of an incident, is much too large. The escape door 11 uses a rotary-slide movement, in which the opening force is independent of the existing pressure difference between the tunnel tube and the escape route. The size of the torque acting on the door leaf, which results from the overpressure when opening the door leaf 13, can be adjusted by the choice of the position of the first pivot bearing 17. By choosing the size of the weight 37, the effect of the torque can be reduced or compensated. The weight 37 acts as a closing aid and automatically pulls the door leaf out of any open position. The fire seals 43 allow in case of fire, together with the lowering thresholds 55, a gas-tight seal of the door leaf 13 relative to the door frame 15. The locking pin 39 lock the escape door 11 when the response time of the intumescent material is reached and this expands.

Legend:

11

escape door

13

door leaf

15

doorframe

16

pictogram

17

First pivot bearing

19

roll carriage

21a

Upper second pivot bearing

21b

Lower second pivot bearing

23a, 23b

lever arms

25

axis

27a

Upper third pivot

27b

Lower third pivot

29

panic bar

31

First long side

33

Second long side

35

cable

37

Weight

39

locking bolt

41

bracket

43

Fire protection seal

45

metal profile

47

Intumescent material

49

rail

51

recess

53

Fire protection tape

55

Senkschwelle

Claims (14)

Escape door (11) for separating a tube of a traffic tunnel from an escape route under an air pressure, comprising a door leaf (13) which can close the opening between the tunnel tube and the escape route, - A first pivot bearing (17) which is connected to the door leaf (13) and forms a first axis of rotation about which the door leaf (13) between an open position and a closing position is rotatable and - A door frame (15) which framed the opening and on which the first pivot bearing (17) is arranged, wherein - The first pivot bearing (17) in a guide which is formed along the door frame above the opening, is displaceable and at a distance from the longitudinal sides (31,33) on the upper side of the door leaf (13) is connected thereto, - Two lever arms (23a, 23b) via a second axis of rotation forming second pivot bearing (21a, 21b) are connected to the door leaf (13) and via a third axis of rotation (25) forming third pivot bearing (27a, 27b) attached to the door frame (15) are and - The first, second and third axes of rotation are aligned in parallel and the positive air pressure on both sides of the first axis of rotation can act on the escape route oriented door leaf surface, characterized,
that the first axis of rotation is positioned at an eccentric distance from the longitudinal sides (31, 33) of the door leaf, whereby the excess air pressure can cause a torque for opening the door leaf (13), which is independent of the prevailing air pressure in the escape route. Escape door according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the distance of the first axis of rotation from the third axis of rotation (25) facing the longitudinal side (31) of the door leaf (13) to the width of the door leaf (13) between 1 to 1.4 and 1 to 1.95, preferably between 1 to 1.5 and 1 to 1.8, and more preferably between 1 to 1.6 and 1 to 1.7. Escape door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lever arms (23a, 23b) have a length whose ratio to the width of the door leaf between 1 to 2 and 1 to 5, preferably between 1 to 3.5 and 1 to 4.5 and more preferably between 1 to 3 and 1 to 4. Escape door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that acts on the first pivot bearing (17) a force, whereby a closing aid is realized, which causes an independent closure of the door leaf (13). Escape door according to claim 4, characterized in that a device is provided, through which the closing movement can be braked. Escape door according to claim 5, characterized in that the device is an air brake, which is realized by a pressure cylinder, wherein the air outlet speed of the air when closing the door leaf (13) expressed from the cylinder with a valve is controllable. Escape door according to claim 5, characterized in that the device is realized by a compression spring. Escape door according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the force is chosen such that it compensates the contact pressure of acting on both sides of the first axis of rotation air overpressure. Escape door according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the force is effected by a weight (37) which is connected by means of a cable pull (35) with the first pivot bearing (17). Escape door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first pivot bearing (17) is connectable to the door leaf (13) at a plurality of suspension points. Escape door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the door leaf (13) at least one locking bolt is arranged, which is extendable by an intumeszentes material and in the door frame (15) can be latched. Escape door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a fire protection seal is arranged on the first and second longitudinal sides (31, 33) and the upper side of the door leaf (13). Escape door according to claim 12, characterized in that the fire protection seal is realized by a metal profile, which can be extended by an intumescent material, wherein the door frame facing side of the metal profile may be provided with a fire protection tape. Escape door according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one lowering threshold is arranged on the underside of the door leaf (13), which can be extended from the underside when closing the door leaf (13).

Images