EP3241226B1 - Electric short-circuiting device - Google Patents

Electric short-circuiting device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3241226B1
EP3241226B1 EP16704195.3A EP16704195A EP3241226B1 EP 3241226 B1 EP3241226 B1 EP 3241226B1 EP 16704195 A EP16704195 A EP 16704195A EP 3241226 B1 EP3241226 B1 EP 3241226B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
short
insulating element
circuiting device
insulating
contact piece
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EP16704195.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3241226A1 (en
Inventor
Frank Schremmer
Andreas Zenkner
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/004—Closing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H79/00—Protective switches in which excess current causes the closing of contacts, e.g. for short-circuiting the apparatus to be protected

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electrical short-circuiting devices, transistor devices with short-circuiting devices and to converters which are equipped with submodules and short-circuiting devices.
  • IGBT modules that is to say transistor devices based on bipolar transistors with an insulated gate electrode, are usually — with regard to the construction and connection technology — designed with bond wires and screw contacts.
  • IGBT module failure particularly in the event of a shutdown failure, conventional IGBT modules are not reliably electrically conductive. This failure mechanism is particularly problematic in the case of a series connection of IGBTs and in the case of use with converters, in particular multilevel converters. If, for example, the aforementioned bond wires are detached in the event of a fault and thus an arc is ignited, considerable collateral damage can occur, particularly when used in converters.
  • the international patent application WO 2011/107363 A1 discloses an electrical short-circuiting device with the features according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the short-circuiting device has an electrical contact arrangement with a first and second contact, which are separated from one another by an air gap.
  • the known short-circuiting device also has a moving contact piece which is separated from the second contact in a disconnected position and connects the first and second contacts to one another in a contact position.
  • the known short-circuiting device is equipped with an electrically triggerable drive device in the form of a pyrotechnic drive, which can move the moving contact piece from the disconnected position to the contact position.
  • the US 2003/0231443 A1 discloses a bypass switch in which a conductive plug is pushed between the two contacts by means of a drive. The plug in turn pushes an insulating element, which is arranged in a disconnected position of the bridging switch between the contacts.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying an electrical short-circuiting device which can be used particularly universally in terms of circuit technology.
  • the short-circuiting device has an electrically triggerable drive device, which is electrically isolated from the first and second contacts by means of an insulating device consisting of insulating material, in particular solid insulation material, or at least having insulating material.
  • a major advantage of the electrical isolation of the electrically triggerable drive unit provided according to the invention consists in the fact that the short-circuiting device can also be used in electrical circuit arrangements in which the electrical contacts to be short-circuited are subjected to different potentials over time, as is the case, for example, with four-quadrant actuators (also referred to as full bridges).
  • the short-circuiting device according to the invention is particularly well suited to be used as a switchable short-circuit element in converters or their components, such as, for example, transformer devices.
  • Another significant advantage of the short-circuiting device according to the invention is that the potential separation can be achieved particularly inexpensively by means of the insulating material.
  • the short-circuiting device for potential isolation has an at least two-part insulating device which comprises a first fixed insulating element and a second insulating element which is fastened to the moving contact piece and moved with it.
  • the second insulating element By attaching the second insulating element to the moving contact piece, the potential separation is always ensured regardless of the position of the moving contact piece.
  • first insulating element is at least partially sleeve-shaped and the second insulating element projects at least partially into the first insulating element.
  • the second insulating element is preferably arranged in sections coaxially inside the first insulating element.
  • the second insulating element preferably forms a telescopic structure with the first insulating element, the length of which increases when the moving contact piece is moved after the drive device has been triggered.
  • the second insulating element and the first insulating element are mechanically separated from one another by an intermediate sleeve.
  • an intermediate sleeve consists of a conductive material.
  • the first insulating element, the second insulating element and / or the intermediate sleeve are preferably rotationally symmetrical.
  • the first and second insulating elements - together alone or together with a third or further insulating element and / or with an intermediate sleeve - form a potential-separated interior into which the drive device according to one Activation feeds a gas to drive the moving contact, and whose internal volume depends on the position of the second insulating element and grows with the movement of the moving contact.
  • a third insulating element is provided, it is particularly advantageous if it is formed by an inner ring made of electrically insulating material.
  • Such an inner ring preferably carries the drive device and is preferably held by the first insulating element or an intermediate sleeve arranged in the first insulating element.
  • the inner ring closes the above-mentioned electrically isolated interior preferably on the outside on one side on which electrical connection contacts for the drive device are led out.
  • the first fixed insulating element is preferably attached directly or indirectly to the first contact with a view to simple assembly.
  • the drive device is preferably a pyrotechnic drive device.
  • the invention also relates to a transistor device, in particular in the form of a bipolar transistor with an insulated gate electrode.
  • such a transistor device is provided with a short-circuiting device as described above.
  • the invention also relates to a converter, in particular a multilevel converter, with a plurality of submodules.
  • the submodules can be designed, for example, as half-bridge or full-bridge circuits and can be connected to one another to form at least one series circuit.
  • the invention provides that the converter has at least one short-circuiting device as described above and / or at least one transistor device as described above.
  • the short-circuiting device is preferably connected in parallel to one of the submodules or a component of one of the submodules.
  • the short-circuiting device is connected in parallel to a capacitor of one of the sub-modules or is connected in parallel via at least one transistor or at least one diode to a capacitor of one of the sub-modules and, after the moving contact piece has transitioned from the disconnected position to the contact position, the capacitor of the submodule shorts.
  • All submodules of the converter are particularly preferably equipped with a short-circuiting device, as has been described above.
  • the short-circuiting device is connected in parallel to a capacitor of one of the sub-modules via at least one transistor or via at least one diode and short-circuits the capacitor of the sub-module after the moving contact piece has transitioned from the disconnected position to the contact position.
  • the Figure 1 shows a short-circuiting device 10 which has a first contact 20 and a second contact 30 spaced apart from the first contact 20.
  • the two contacts 20 and 30 are mechanically connected to one another by a spacer 40, which consists of electrically insulating material.
  • the short-circuiting device 10 has a moving contact piece 50, which is shown in FIG Figure 1 is in its disconnected position and leaves the two contacts 20 and 30 electrically separated.
  • the short-circuiting device 10 also has a pyrotechnic drive device 60, which moves the moving contact piece 50 along the thrust direction S in the Figure 1 can move from left to right or in the direction of the second contact 30.
  • the pyrotechnic drive device 60 is electrically isolated from the first contact 20 and from the second contact 30; an insulation device for potential isolation is for reasons of clarity in the Figure 1 not shown in detail.
  • the Figure 2 shows the short-circuiting device 10 according to Figure 1 after the pyrotechnic drive device 60 has been ignited by means of an ignition signal ZS and gas G of the pyrotechnic drive device 60 has pushed the moving contact piece 50 along the thrust direction S to the right in the direction of the second contact 30.
  • the position of the moving contact piece 50 shown electrically connects the first contact 20 to the second contact 30 and thus forms an electrical short circuit between the two contacts 20 and 30.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of an insulating device 100 which is used to isolate the potential of the pyrotechnic drive device 60 in the short-circuiting device 10 according to FIGS Figures 1 and 2 can be used.
  • FIG. 3 shows the disconnected position of the moving contact piece 50 of the short-circuiting device 10 in the left half of the figure and the contact position of the moving contact piece 50 in the right half of the picture; the two representations or halves of the picture are separated from one another by the central axis M of the short-circuiting device 10.
  • the insulation device 100 has a first, fixed insulation element 110, a second insulation element 120 connected to the moving contact piece 50, a third insulation element in the form of an inner ring 130, and an intermediate sleeve 150, which is spatially between the first fixed insulation element 110 and the second insulation element 120 is arranged.
  • the second insulating element 120 Since the second insulating element 120 is mechanically firmly connected to the moving contact piece 50, when the moving contact piece 50 moves, it becomes different from that in the left half of the figure separated position shown in the contact position shown in the right half of the figure moves with it, whereas the first insulating element 110 does not change its location due to the fixed mounting on the first contact 20.
  • the telescopic structure formed by the first and second insulating elements 110 and 120 is thus lengthened by the movement of the second insulating element 120.
  • the second insulating element 120 is composed of two electrically insulating and interconnected insulating sections 121 and 122.
  • the inner ring 130 serves to receive or to carry the pyrotechnic drive device 60.
  • the first insulating element 110, the second insulating element 120, the inner ring 130 and the intermediate sleeve 150 are rotationally symmetrical.
  • the second insulating element 120 is preferably mounted coaxially both inside the first insulating element 110 and coaxially inside the intermediate sleeve 150.
  • the three insulating elements 110, 120 and 130 as well as the intermediate sleeve 150 together form a potential-separated interior 160 within the insulating device 100, into which the pyrotechnic drive device 60 after applying an ignition signal ZS (cf. Figure 2 ) feeds the gas G.
  • ZS ignition signal
  • the second insulating element 120 is shown in Figure 3 pushed upwards, whereby the moving contact piece 50 connected to the second insulating element 120 is also pushed upward and its contact position (cf. Figure 2 ) can reach.
  • the isolation or electrical separation of the pyrotechnic drive device 60 from the first contact 20 takes place in the insulation device 100 according to FIG Figure 3 through the three insulating elements 110, 120 and 130.
  • the intermediate sleeve 150 is preferably used for electromagnetic shielding of the pyrotechnic drive device 60 located inside and is therefore preferably made of conductive material.
  • the short-circuiting device 10 is preferably used for short-circuiting transistor devices, in particular bipolar transistors with an insulated gate electrode, and / or for short-circuiting submodules of converters, in particular multilevel converters.

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Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf elektrische Kurzschließereinrichtungen, Transistoreinrichtungen mit Kurzschließereinrichtung sowie auf Umrichter, die mit Submodulen und Kurzschließereinrichtungen ausgestattet sind.The invention relates to electrical short-circuiting devices, transistor devices with short-circuiting devices and to converters which are equipped with submodules and short-circuiting devices.

Heutzutage kommerziell erhältliche IGBT-Module, also Transistoreinrichtungen auf der Basis von Bipolartransistoren mit isolierter Gate-Elektrode, sind üblicherweise - bezüglich der Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnologie - mit Bonddrähten und Schraubkontaktierungen ausgeführt. Im Falle eines Fehlers eines IGBT-Moduls, insbesondere im Falle eines Abschaltversagens, sind herkömmliche IGBT-Module nicht sicher elektrisch leitfähig. Dieser Ausfallmechanismus ist insbesondere im Falle einer Reihenschaltung von IGBTs sowie im Falle eines Einsatzes bei Umrichtern, insbesondere Multilevelumrichtern, problematisch. Kommt es beispielsweise im Fehlerfall zu einem Ablösen der genannten Bonddrähte und damit zum Zünden eines Lichtbogens, können erhebliche Kollateralschäden, insbesondere im Falle eines Einsatzes in Umrichtern, auftreten.Commercially available IGBT modules, that is to say transistor devices based on bipolar transistors with an insulated gate electrode, are usually — with regard to the construction and connection technology — designed with bond wires and screw contacts. In the event of an IGBT module failure, particularly in the event of a shutdown failure, conventional IGBT modules are not reliably electrically conductive. This failure mechanism is particularly problematic in the case of a series connection of IGBTs and in the case of use with converters, in particular multilevel converters. If, for example, the aforementioned bond wires are detached in the event of a fault and thus an arc is ignited, considerable collateral damage can occur, particularly when used in converters.

Die internationale Patentanmeldung WO 2011/107363 A1 offenbart eine elektrische Kurzschließereinrichtung mit den Merkmalen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Die Kurzschließereinrichtung weist eine elektrische Kontaktanordnung mit einem ersten und zweiten Kontakt auf, die voneinander durch eine Luftstrecke getrennt sind. Die vorbekannte Kurzschließereinrichtung weist außerdem ein Bewegkontaktstück auf, das in einer Trennstellung vom zweiten Kontakt getrennt ist und in einer Kontaktstellung den ersten und zweiten Kontakt miteinander verbindet. Darüber hinaus ist die vorbekannte Kurzschließereinrichtung mit einer elektrisch auslösbaren Antriebseinrichtung in Form eines pyrotechnischen Antriebs ausgestattet, der das Bewegkontaktstück von der Trennstellung in die Kontaktstellung bewegen kann.The international patent application WO 2011/107363 A1 discloses an electrical short-circuiting device with the features according to the preamble of claim 1. The short-circuiting device has an electrical contact arrangement with a first and second contact, which are separated from one another by an air gap. The known short-circuiting device also has a moving contact piece which is separated from the second contact in a disconnected position and connects the first and second contacts to one another in a contact position. In addition, the known short-circuiting device is equipped with an electrically triggerable drive device in the form of a pyrotechnic drive, which can move the moving contact piece from the disconnected position to the contact position.

Aus der EP 1 045 415 A2 ist ein Kurzschließer für Niederspannungsanwendungen bekannt, bei dem der erste und der zweite Kontakt durch eine Isolierfolie voneinander getrennt sind. Eine Antriebseinrichtung für das Bewegkontaktstück ist in ein Halteteil eingesetzt, das vollständig aus einem Isoliermaterial besteht.From the EP 1 045 415 A2 a short-circuiter for low-voltage applications is known, in which the first and the second contact are separated from one another by an insulating film. A drive device for the moving contact piece is inserted into a holding part which consists entirely of an insulating material.

Die US 2003/0231443 A1 offenbart einen Überbrückungsschalter, bei der ein leitender Pfropfen mittels eines Antriebs zwischen die beiden Kontakte geschoben wird. Der Pfropfen schiebt dabei seinerseits ein Isolierelement, das in einer Trennstellung des Überbrückungsschalters zwischen den Kontakten angeordnet ist.The US 2003/0231443 A1 discloses a bypass switch in which a conductive plug is pushed between the two contacts by means of a drive. The plug in turn pushes an insulating element, which is arranged in a disconnected position of the bridging switch between the contacts.

Ein weiterer Schalter ist aus der DE 10 2014 110 825 A1 bekannt.Another switch is out of the DE 10 2014 110 825 A1 known.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine elektrische Kurzschließereinrichtung anzugeben, die sich schaltungstechnisch besonders universell einsetzen lässt.The invention is based on the object of specifying an electrical short-circuiting device which can be used particularly universally in terms of circuit technology.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine elektrische Kurzschließereinrichtung mit den Merkmalen gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Kurzschließereinrichtung sind in Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved according to the invention by an electrical short-circuiting device with the features according to patent claim 1. Advantageous refinements of the short-circuiting device according to the invention are specified in subclaims.

Danach ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass die Kurzschließereinrichtung eine elektrisch auslösbare Antriebseinrichtung aufweist, die gegenüber dem ersten und zweiten Kontakt mittels einer aus Isoliermaterial, insbesondere Feststoffisolationsmaterial, bestehenden oder zumindest Isoliermaterial aufweisenden Isoliereinrichtung potentialgetrennt ist.According to the invention, it is provided that the short-circuiting device has an electrically triggerable drive device, which is electrically isolated from the first and second contacts by means of an insulating device consisting of insulating material, in particular solid insulation material, or at least having insulating material.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Potentialtrennung der elektrisch auslösbaren Antriebseinheit besteht darin, dass die Kurzschließereinrichtung auch bei elektrischen Schaltungsanordnungen eingesetzt werden kann, bei denen die kurzzuschließenden elektrischen Kontakte zeitlich mit unterschiedlichen Potentialen beaufschlagt werden, wie dies beispielsweise bei Vier-Quadranten-Stellern (auch als Vollbrücken bezeichnet) der Fall ist. Mit anderen Worten ist die erfindungsgemäße Kurzschließereinrichtung also besonders gut geeignet, als schaltbares Kurzschlusselement bei Umrichtern oder deren Komponenten, wie beispielsweise Transformatoreinrichtungen, eingesetzt zu werden.A major advantage of the electrical isolation of the electrically triggerable drive unit provided according to the invention consists in the fact that the short-circuiting device can also be used in electrical circuit arrangements in which the electrical contacts to be short-circuited are subjected to different potentials over time, as is the case, for example, with four-quadrant actuators (also referred to as full bridges). In other words, the short-circuiting device according to the invention is particularly well suited to be used as a switchable short-circuit element in converters or their components, such as, for example, transformer devices.

Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Kurzschließereinrichtung besteht darin, dass sich die Potentialtrennung mittels des Isoliermaterials besonders kostengünstig erreichen lässt.Another significant advantage of the short-circuiting device according to the invention is that the potential separation can be achieved particularly inexpensively by means of the insulating material.

Erfindungsgemäß weist die Kurzschließereinrichtung zur Potentialtrennung eine zumindest zweiteilige Isoliereinrichtung auf, die ein erstes feststehendes Isolierelement und ein zweites, an dem Bewegkontaktstück befestigtes und mit diesem mitbewegtes Isolierelement umfasst. Durch die Befestigung des zweiten Isolierelements an dem Bewegkontaktstück bleibt die Potentialtrennung unabhängig von der Stellung des Bewegkontaktstücks stets sichergestellt.According to the invention, the short-circuiting device for potential isolation has an at least two-part insulating device which comprises a first fixed insulating element and a second insulating element which is fastened to the moving contact piece and moved with it. By attaching the second insulating element to the moving contact piece, the potential separation is always ensured regardless of the position of the moving contact piece.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn das erste Isolierelement zumindest abschnittsweise hülsenförmig ist und das zweite Isolierelement zumindest abschnittsweise in das erste Isolierelement hineinragt.It is particularly advantageous if the first insulating element is at least partially sleeve-shaped and the second insulating element projects at least partially into the first insulating element.

Das zweite Isolierelement ist vorzugsweise abschnittsweise koaxial im Inneren des ersten Isolierelements angeordnet. Bevorzugt bildet das zweite Isolierelement mit dem ersten Isolierelement eine Teleskopstruktur, deren Länge sich beim Bewegen des Bewegkontaktstücks nach einem Auslösen der Antriebseinrichtung vergrößert.The second insulating element is preferably arranged in sections coaxially inside the first insulating element. The second insulating element preferably forms a telescopic structure with the first insulating element, the length of which increases when the moving contact piece is moved after the drive device has been triggered.

Erfindungsgemäß sind das zweite Isolierelement und das erste Isolierelement durch eine Zwischenhülse voneinander mechanisch getrennt. Mit Blick auf eine elektromagnetische Abschirmung besteht erfindungsgemäß eine solche Zwischenhülse aus einem leitenden Material.According to the invention, the second insulating element and the first insulating element are mechanically separated from one another by an intermediate sleeve. With regard to electromagnetic shielding, such an intermediate sleeve according to the invention consists of a conductive material.

Das erste Isolierelement, das zweite Isolierelement und/oder die Zwischenhülse sind vorzugsweise rotationssymmetrisch.The first insulating element, the second insulating element and / or the intermediate sleeve are preferably rotationally symmetrical.

Bezüglich der Anordnung der Isolierelemente der Isoliereinrichtung wird es außerdem als vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn das erste und zweite Isolierelement - gemeinsam allein oder gemeinsam mit einem dritten oder weiteren Isolierelement und/oder mit einer Zwischenhülse - einen potentialgetrennten Innenraum bilden, in den die Antriebseinrichtung nach einer Aktivierung ein Gas einspeist, um das Bewegkontaktstück anzutreiben, und dessen Innenvolumen von der Stellung des zweiten Isolierelements abhängt und mit der Bewegung des Bewegkontaktstücks wächst.With regard to the arrangement of the insulating elements of the insulating device, it is also considered advantageous if the first and second insulating elements - together alone or together with a third or further insulating element and / or with an intermediate sleeve - form a potential-separated interior into which the drive device according to one Activation feeds a gas to drive the moving contact, and whose internal volume depends on the position of the second insulating element and grows with the movement of the moving contact.

Wird ein drittes Isolierelement vorgesehen, so ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn dieses durch einen Innenring aus elektrisch isolierendem Material gebildet ist. Ein solcher Innenring trägt vorzugsweise die Antriebseinrichtung und wird vorzugsweise von dem ersten Isolierelement oder einer in dem ersten Isolierelement angeordneten Zwischenhülse gehalten.If a third insulating element is provided, it is particularly advantageous if it is formed by an inner ring made of electrically insulating material. Such an inner ring preferably carries the drive device and is preferably held by the first insulating element or an intermediate sleeve arranged in the first insulating element.

Der Innenring verschließt den erwähnten potentialgetrennten Innenraum vorzugsweise nach außen auf einer Seite, auf der elektrische Anschlusskontakte für die Antriebseinrichtung herausgeführt sind.The inner ring closes the above-mentioned electrically isolated interior preferably on the outside on one side on which electrical connection contacts for the drive device are led out.

Das erste feststehende Isolierelement ist mit Blick auf eine einfache Montage bevorzugt mittelbar oder unmittelbar an dem ersten Kontakt befestigt.The first fixed insulating element is preferably attached directly or indirectly to the first contact with a view to simple assembly.

Bei der Antriebseinrichtung handelt es sich vorzugsweise um eine pyrotechnische Antriebseinrichtung.The drive device is preferably a pyrotechnic drive device.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich darüber hinaus auf eine Transistoreinrichtung, insbesondere in Form eines Bipolartransistors mit isolierter Gate-Elektrode.The invention also relates to a transistor device, in particular in the form of a bipolar transistor with an insulated gate electrode.

Erfindungsgemäß ist bezüglich einer solchen Transistoreinrichtung vorgesehen, dass diese mit einer Kurzschließereinrichtung ausgestattet ist, wie sie oben beschrieben worden ist.According to the invention, such a transistor device is provided with a short-circuiting device as described above.

Bezüglich der Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Transistoreinrichtung sei auf die obigen Erläuterungen im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Kurzschließereinrichtung verwiesen.With regard to the advantages of the transistor device according to the invention, reference is made to the above explanations in connection with the short-circuiting device according to the invention.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich darüber hinaus auf einen Umrichter, insbesondere Multilevelumrichter, mit einer Mehrzahl an Submodulen. Die Submodule können dabei beispielsweise als Halbbrücken- oder Vollbrückenschaltungen ausgebildet und zu mindestens einer Reihenschaltung miteinander verbunden sein.The invention also relates to a converter, in particular a multilevel converter, with a plurality of submodules. The submodules can be designed, for example, as half-bridge or full-bridge circuits and can be connected to one another to form at least one series circuit.

Bezüglich eines solchen Umrichters ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass der Umrichter mindestens eine Kurzschließereinrichtung, wie sie oben beschrieben worden ist, und/oder mindestens eine Transistoreinrichtung, wie sie oben beschrieben worden ist, aufweist.With regard to such a converter, the invention provides that the converter has at least one short-circuiting device as described above and / or at least one transistor device as described above.

Vorzugsweise ist die Kurzschließereinrichtung zu einem der Submodule oder einer Komponente eines der Submodule parallelgeschaltet.The short-circuiting device is preferably connected in parallel to one of the submodules or a component of one of the submodules.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Kurzschließereinrichtung zu einem Kondensator eines der Sub-module parallel geschaltet ist oder über mindestens einen Transistor oder mindestens eine Diode zu einem Kondensator eines der Submodule parallel geschaltet ist und nach Übergang des Bewegkontaktstücks von der Trennstellung in die Kontaktstellung den Kondensator des Submoduls kurzschließt.It is particularly advantageous if the short-circuiting device is connected in parallel to a capacitor of one of the sub-modules or is connected in parallel via at least one transistor or at least one diode to a capacitor of one of the sub-modules and, after the moving contact piece has transitioned from the disconnected position to the contact position, the capacitor of the submodule shorts.

Besonders bevorzugt sind alle Submodule des Umrichters jeweils mit einer Kurzschließereinrichtung, wie sie oben beschrieben worden ist, ausgestattet.All submodules of the converter are particularly preferably equipped with a short-circuiting device, as has been described above.

Auch wird es als vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn die Kurzschließereinrichtung zu einem Kondensator eines der Sub-module über mindestens einen Transistor oder über mindestens eine Diode parallel geschaltet ist und nach Übergang des Bewegkontaktstücks von der Trennstellung in die Kontaktstellung den Kondensator des Submoduls kurzschließt.It is also considered advantageous if the short-circuiting device is connected in parallel to a capacitor of one of the sub-modules via at least one transistor or via at least one diode and short-circuits the capacitor of the sub-module after the moving contact piece has transitioned from the disconnected position to the contact position.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert; dabei zeigen beispielhaft

Figur 1
ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine elektrische Kurzschließereinrichtung im geöffneten Zustand, in dem sich ein Bewegkontaktstück der Kurzschließereinrichtung in seiner Trennstellung befindet,
Figur 2
die Kurzschließereinrichtung gemäß Figur 1 im kurzschließenden Zustand bzw. in der Kontaktstellung des Bewegkontaktstücks und
Figur 3
ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Isoliereinrichtung, die zur elektrischen Isolation bzw. zur elektrischen Potentialtrennung einer pyrotechnischen Antriebseinrichtung bei der Kurzschließereinrichtung gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 eingesetzt werden kann.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments; show exemplary
Figure 1
1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an electrical short-circuiting device in the open state, in which a moving contact piece of the short-circuiting device is in its disconnected position,
Figure 2
the short-circuiting device according to Figure 1 in the short-circuiting state or in the contact position of the moving contact piece and
Figure 3
an embodiment of an insulating device for electrical isolation or electrical isolation of a pyrotechnic drive device in the short-circuiting device according to the Figures 1 and 2 can be used.

In den Figuren werden der Übersicht halber für identische oder vergleichbare Komponenten stets dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet.For the sake of clarity, the same reference numbers are always used in the figures for identical or comparable components.

Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Kurzschließereinrichtung 10, die einen ersten Kontakt 20 und einen von dem ersten Kontakt 20 beabstandeten zweiten Kontakt 30 aufweist. Die beiden Kontakte 20 und 30 sind durch einen Abstandshalter 40, der aus elektrisch isolierendem Material besteht, miteinander mechanisch verbunden.The Figure 1 shows a short-circuiting device 10 which has a first contact 20 and a second contact 30 spaced apart from the first contact 20. The two contacts 20 and 30 are mechanically connected to one another by a spacer 40, which consists of electrically insulating material.

Die Kurzschließereinrichtung 10 weist ein Bewegkontaktstück 50 auf, das sich bei der Darstellung gemäß Figur 1 in seiner Trennstellung befindet und die beiden Kontakte 20 und 30 elektrisch getrennt lässt.The short-circuiting device 10 has a moving contact piece 50, which is shown in FIG Figure 1 is in its disconnected position and leaves the two contacts 20 and 30 electrically separated.

Die Kurzschließereinrichtung 10 weist darüber hinaus eine pyrotechnische Antriebseinrichtung 60 auf, die das Bewegkontaktstück 50 entlang der Schubrichtung S in der Figur 1 von links nach rechts bzw. in Richtung des zweiten Kontakts 30 bewegen kann. Die pyrotechnische Antriebseinrichtung 60 ist gegenüber dem ersten Kontakt 20 sowie gegenüber dem zweiten Kontakt 30 potentialgetrennt; eine zur Potentialtrennung vorhandene Isoliereinrichtung ist aus Gründen der Übersicht in der Figur 1 nicht näher dargestellt.The short-circuiting device 10 also has a pyrotechnic drive device 60, which moves the moving contact piece 50 along the thrust direction S in the Figure 1 can move from left to right or in the direction of the second contact 30. The pyrotechnic drive device 60 is electrically isolated from the first contact 20 and from the second contact 30; an insulation device for potential isolation is for reasons of clarity in the Figure 1 not shown in detail.

Die Figur 2 zeigt die Kurzschließereinrichtung 10 gemäß Figur 1, nachdem die pyrotechnische Antriebseinrichtung 60 mittels eines Zündsignals ZS gezündet worden ist und Gas G der pyrotechnischen Antriebseinrichtung 60 das Bewegkontaktstück 50 entlang der Schubrichtung S nach rechts in Richtung des zweiten Kontakts 30 geschoben hat. In der in der Figur 2 dargestellten Stellung des Bewegkontaktstücks 50 verbindet dieses den ersten Kontakt 20 elektrisch mit dem zweiten Kontakt 30 und bildet somit einen elektrischen Kurzschluss zwischen den beiden Kontakten 20 und 30.The Figure 2 shows the short-circuiting device 10 according to Figure 1 after the pyrotechnic drive device 60 has been ignited by means of an ignition signal ZS and gas G of the pyrotechnic drive device 60 has pushed the moving contact piece 50 along the thrust direction S to the right in the direction of the second contact 30. In the in the Figure 2 The position of the moving contact piece 50 shown electrically connects the first contact 20 to the second contact 30 and thus forms an electrical short circuit between the two contacts 20 and 30.

Die Figur 3 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Isoliereinrichtung 100, die zur Potentialtrennung der pyrotechnischen Antriebseinrichtung 60 bei der Kurzschließereinrichtung 10 gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 eingesetzt werden kann. Die Figur 3 zeigt in der linken Bildhälfte die Trennstellung des Bewegkontaktstücks 50 der Kurzschließereinrichtung 10 und in der rechten Bildhälfte die Kontaktstellung des Bewegkontaktstücks 50; die beiden Darstellungen bzw. Bildhälften sind durch die Mittelachse M der Kurzschließereinrichtung 10 voneinander getrennt.The Figure 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of an insulating device 100 which is used to isolate the potential of the pyrotechnic drive device 60 in the short-circuiting device 10 according to FIGS Figures 1 and 2 can be used. FIG. 3 shows the disconnected position of the moving contact piece 50 of the short-circuiting device 10 in the left half of the figure and the contact position of the moving contact piece 50 in the right half of the picture; the two representations or halves of the picture are separated from one another by the central axis M of the short-circuiting device 10.

Die Isoliereinrichtung 100 weist ein erstes, feststehendes Isolierelement 110, ein zweites, mit dem Bewegkontaktstück 50 in Verbindung stehendes Isolierelement 120, ein drittes Isolierelement in Form eines Innenrings 130 sowie eine Zwischenhülse 150 auf, die räumlich zwischen dem ersten feststehenden Isolierelement 110 und dem zweiten Isolierelement 120 angeordnet ist.The insulation device 100 has a first, fixed insulation element 110, a second insulation element 120 connected to the moving contact piece 50, a third insulation element in the form of an inner ring 130, and an intermediate sleeve 150, which is spatially between the first fixed insulation element 110 and the second insulation element 120 is arranged.

Da das zweite Isolierelement 120 mechanisch fest mit dem Bewegkontaktstück 50 verbunden ist, wird es bei der Bewegung des Bewegkontaktstücks 50 von der in der linken Bildhälfte dargestellten Trennstellung in die in der rechten Bildhälfte dargestellten Kontaktstellung mit diesem mitbewegt, wohingegen das erste Isolierelement 110 aufgrund der festen Montage an dem ersten Kontakt 20 seinen Ort nicht verändert. Die durch das erste und zweite Isolierelement 110 und 120 gebildete Teleskopstruktur wird durch die Bewegung des zweiten Isolierelements 120 also verlängert.Since the second insulating element 120 is mechanically firmly connected to the moving contact piece 50, when the moving contact piece 50 moves, it becomes different from that in the left half of the figure separated position shown in the contact position shown in the right half of the figure moves with it, whereas the first insulating element 110 does not change its location due to the fixed mounting on the first contact 20. The telescopic structure formed by the first and second insulating elements 110 and 120 is thus lengthened by the movement of the second insulating element 120.

Mit Blick auf eine einfache Montage wird es als vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn das zweite Isolierelement 120 aus zwei elektrisch isolierenden und miteinander verbundenen Isolierabschnitten 121 und 122 zusammengesetzt ist.With a view to simple assembly, it is considered advantageous if the second insulating element 120 is composed of two electrically insulating and interconnected insulating sections 121 and 122.

Der Innenring 130 dient zur Aufnahme bzw. zum Tragen der pyrotechnischen Antriebseinrichtung 60.The inner ring 130 serves to receive or to carry the pyrotechnic drive device 60.

Wie sich in der Figur 3 erkennen lässt, sind das erste Isolierelement 110, das zweite Isolierelement 120, der Innenring 130 sowie die Zwischenhülse 150 rotationssymmetrisch. Das zweite Isolierelement 120 ist vorzugsweise koaxial sowohl im Inneren des ersten Isolierelements 110 als auch koaxial im Inneren der Zwischenhülse 150 angebracht.As in the Figure 3 can be seen, the first insulating element 110, the second insulating element 120, the inner ring 130 and the intermediate sleeve 150 are rotationally symmetrical. The second insulating element 120 is preferably mounted coaxially both inside the first insulating element 110 and coaxially inside the intermediate sleeve 150.

Die drei Isolierelemente 110, 120 und 130 sowie die Zwischenhülse 150 bilden gemeinsam einen potentialgetrennten Innenraum 160 innerhalb der Isoliereinrichtung 100, in den die pyrotechnische Antriebseinrichtung 60 nach Anlegen eines Zündsignals ZS (vgl. Figur 2) das Gas G einspeist. Durch den im Innenraum 160 entstehenden Druck wird das zweite Isolierelement 120 bei der Darstellung gemäß Figur 3 nach oben geschoben, wodurch auch das mit dem zweiten Isolierelement 120 verbundene Bewegkontaktstück 50 nach oben geschoben wird und seine Kontaktstellung (vgl. Figur 2) erreichen kann.The three insulating elements 110, 120 and 130 as well as the intermediate sleeve 150 together form a potential-separated interior 160 within the insulating device 100, into which the pyrotechnic drive device 60 after applying an ignition signal ZS (cf. Figure 2 ) feeds the gas G. As a result of the pressure arising in the interior 160, the second insulating element 120 is shown in Figure 3 pushed upwards, whereby the moving contact piece 50 connected to the second insulating element 120 is also pushed upward and its contact position (cf. Figure 2 ) can reach.

Die Potentialtrennung bzw. die elektrische Trennung der pyrotechnischen Antriebseinrichtung 60 von dem ersten Kontakt 20 erfolgt bei der Isoliereinrichtung 100 gemäß Figur 3 durch die drei Isolierelemente 110, 120 und 130. Die Zwischenhülse 150 dient vorzugsweise zur elektromagnetischen Abschirmung der im Inneren befindlichen pyrotechnischen Antriebseinrichtung 60 und besteht daher vorzugsweise aus leitendem Material.The isolation or electrical separation of the pyrotechnic drive device 60 from the first contact 20 takes place in the insulation device 100 according to FIG Figure 3 through the three insulating elements 110, 120 and 130. The intermediate sleeve 150 is preferably used for electromagnetic shielding of the pyrotechnic drive device 60 located inside and is therefore preferably made of conductive material.

Die Kurzschließereinrichtung 10 gemäß den Figuren 1 bis 3 wird vorzugsweise zum Kurzschließen von Transistoreinrichtungen, insbesondere Bipolartransistoren mit isolierter Gate-Elektrode, und/oder zum Kurzschließen von Submodulen von Umrichtern, insbesondere Multilevelumrichtern, eingesetzt.The short-circuiting device 10 according to the Figures 1 to 3 is preferably used for short-circuiting transistor devices, in particular bipolar transistors with an insulated gate electrode, and / or for short-circuiting submodules of converters, in particular multilevel converters.

Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele eingeschränkt und andere Variationen können vom Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Schutzumfang der Erfindung zu verlassen.Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by preferred exemplary embodiments, the invention is not restricted by the disclosed examples and other variations can be derived therefrom by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

1010th
KurzschließereinrichtungShort-circuiting device
2020th
erster Kontaktfirst contact
3030th
zweiter Kontaktsecond contact
4040
AbstandshalterSpacers
5050
BewegkontaktstückMoving contact piece
6060
AntriebseinrichtungDrive device
100100
IsoliereinrichtungIsolation device
110110
IsolierelementInsulating element
120120
IsolierelementInsulating element
121121
IsolierabschnittInsulating section
122122
IsolierabschnittInsulating section
130130
Isolierelement, InnenringInsulating element, inner ring
150150
ZwischenhülseIntermediate sleeve
160160
Innenrauminner space
GG
Gasgas
MM
MittelachseCentral axis
SS
SchubrichtungThrust direction
ZSZS
ZündsignalIgnition signal

Claims (13)

  1. Electric short-circuiting device (10) with an electrical contact arrangement having
    - a first and second contact (20, 30), which are mutually separated,
    - a moveable contact piece (50) which, in a disconnected position, permits the separation of the two contacts (20, 30) and, in a contact position, interconnects the first and second contacts (20, 30), and
    - an electrically triggerable drive mechanism (60), for moving the moveable contact piece (50) from the disconnected position to the contact position,
    wherein the electrically triggerable drive mechanism (60) is galvanically isolated with respect to the first and second contact (20, 30) by means of an insulating system (100) which is comprised of an insulating material, or at least incorporates an insulating material, characterized in that the insulating system (100) comprises a first stationary insulating element (110), and a second insulating element (120), which is attached to the moveable contact piece (50) and is moved in combination with the latter, wherein the second insulating element (120) and the first insulating element (110) are mutually mechanically separated by an intermediate sleeve (150), wherein the intermediate sleeve (150) is comprised of a conductive material.
  2. Short-circuiting device (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that
    - the first insulating element (110) is at least partially configured as a bushing, and
    - the second insulating element (120) is at least partially inserted in the first insulating element (110).
  3. Short-circuiting device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the second insulating element (120) is partially coaxially arranged for displacement in the interior of the first insulating element (110).
  4. Short-circuiting device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first insulating element (110), the second insulating element (120) and/or the intermediate sleeve (150) are rotationally symmetrical.
  5. Short-circuiting device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the first and second insulating elements (110, 120) - either in combination alone, or in combination with a third or further insulating element (130) and/or with an intermediate sleeve (150) - form a galvanically isolated interior space (160), into which the drive mechanism (60), further to the activation thereof, feeds a gas (G) for the propulsion of the moveable contact piece (50), the internal volume of which is dependent upon the position of the second insulating element (120), and increases with the movement of the moveable contact piece (50).
  6. Short-circuiting device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    - the insulating system (100) incorporates an inner ring (130) of an electrically-insulating material as a third insulating element,
    - the inner ring (130) carries the drive mechanism (60), and
    - the inner ring (130) is held in place by the first insulating element (110) or by an intermediate sleeve (150) which is arranged in the first insulating element (110) .
  7. Short-circuiting device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the first stationary insulating element (110) is indirectly or directly attached to the first contact (20) .
  8. Short-circuiting device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that the drive mechanism (60) is a pyrotechnic drive mechanism (60).
  9. Transistor device, particularly bipolar transistor having an insulated gate electrode,
    characterized in that the transistor device incorporates at least one short-circuiting device (10) according to one of the preceding claims.
  10. Converter, particularly multi-level converter, having a plurality of sub-modules,
    characterized in that the converter incorporates at least one short-circuiting device (10) according to one of the preceding claims and/or at least one transistor device according to Claim 9.
  11. Converter according to Claim 10
    characterized in that the short-circuiting device (10) is connected in parallel with one of the sub-modules.
  12. Converter according to one of the preceding Claims 10 - 11, characterized in that the short-circuiting device (10) is connected in parallel with a capacitor of one of the sub-modules and, further to the switchover of the moveable contact piece (50) from the disconnected position to the contact position, short-circuits the capacitor of the sub-module.
  13. Converter according to one of the preceding Claims 10 - 11, characterized in that the short-circuiting device (10) is connected in parallel with a capacitor of one of the sub-modules via at least one transistor or via at least one diode and, further to the switchover of the moveable contact piece (50) from the disconnected position to the contact position, short-circuits the capacitor of the sub-module.
EP16704195.3A 2015-03-02 2016-02-11 Electric short-circuiting device Active EP3241226B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015203646.4A DE102015203646A1 (en) 2015-03-02 2015-03-02 Electric short-circuiting device
PCT/EP2016/052895 WO2016139039A1 (en) 2015-03-02 2016-02-11 Electric short-circuiting device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3241226A1 EP3241226A1 (en) 2017-11-08
EP3241226B1 true EP3241226B1 (en) 2020-04-01

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16704195.3A Active EP3241226B1 (en) 2015-03-02 2016-02-11 Electric short-circuiting device

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3241226B1 (en)
CN (1) CN208548324U (en)
DE (1) DE102015203646A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016139039A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3698392A1 (en) * 2017-12-11 2020-08-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Short-circuiter device
DE102018218238A1 (en) 2018-10-24 2020-04-30 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Monitoring and tripping of electrical fuses
EP3696842A1 (en) * 2019-02-13 2020-08-19 ABB Schweiz AG Closing switch and switchgear
GB201912775D0 (en) * 2019-09-05 2019-10-23 Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd Pyrotechnic switching and interruption apparatus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19712387B4 (en) * 1996-04-27 2005-12-08 Delphi Technologies, Inc., Troy Pyrotechnic switching element for electrical circuits
DE19916328A1 (en) * 1999-04-12 2000-10-19 Moeller Gmbh Short circuiter
US6839209B2 (en) * 2002-06-14 2005-01-04 Eaton Corporation Shorting switch and system to eliminate arcing faults in power distribution equipment
DE102010010669A1 (en) 2010-03-04 2011-09-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Switch with fixed terminals on both sides
EP2862192B1 (en) * 2012-06-13 2016-05-18 ABB Technology Ltd. Bypass switch assembly
DE102014110825A1 (en) * 2014-07-30 2014-09-18 Peter Lell Electrical switch, in particular for high voltages and / or high currents

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102015203646A1 (en) 2016-09-08
WO2016139039A1 (en) 2016-09-09
EP3241226A1 (en) 2017-11-08
CN208548324U (en) 2019-02-26

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