EP3238223A1 - Löschblechanordnung für ein schaltgerät - Google Patents
Löschblechanordnung für ein schaltgerätInfo
- Publication number
- EP3238223A1 EP3238223A1 EP15817213.0A EP15817213A EP3238223A1 EP 3238223 A1 EP3238223 A1 EP 3238223A1 EP 15817213 A EP15817213 A EP 15817213A EP 3238223 A1 EP3238223 A1 EP 3238223A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plates
- quenching
- arc
- contact
- guide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
- H01H9/36—Metal parts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
- H01H33/182—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/302—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
- H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
- H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
- H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
- H01H9/36—Metal parts
- H01H2009/367—Metal parts defining a recurrent path, e.g. the subdivided arc is moved in a closed path between each pair of splitter plates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a quenching plate assembly for a switching device with a plurality of quenching plates for splitting and / or lengths of an arc, as well as with at least one guide plate, the quenching plates are arranged substantially side by side to a stack and the guide plate laterally limits the stack the guide plate projects beyond the quenching plates in a main extension direction; and a switching device suitable for a DC operation, having at least a first contact and a second contact, wherein at least the second contact to the first contact is movable, with a first rail arrangement for conducting an arc with a first current direction and with a second track arrangement for conducting an arc with a second current direction, wherein the two track assemblies each having a first track and a second track, the two first runners NEN extending from the first contact in opposite directions and the two second rails, starting from the second contact in opposite directions run, and wherein the first rails are connected in an electrically conductive manner in the form of a closed loop, with such a quenching plate assembly.
- switching devices which have one or more current paths, which in turn comprise fixed and movable contacts.
- the movable contacts are movable together between a closed position, in which touch the associated movable and fixed contacts, and an open position, in which forms a separation distance between the mutually associated movable and fixed contacts.
- the movable contacts are moved under load, ie under current flow, into the open position, they are longitudinal the parting arcs. The burning time of the arcs determines the switching time since the current flow between the contacts is maintained.
- the arcs are subdivided, for example, into individual partial arcs. As soon as the sum of the partial arc voltages is higher than the driving voltages, the arcs are extinguished.
- Switching devices for DC applications do not interrupt the arc on their own, as is the case with every zero crossing of the alternating current.
- so-called Blasmagnete are used, which generate a directional magnetic field in which the arcs experience a deflection by the Lorentz force, which is used to drive the arcs to the arc extinguishing equipment.
- the arc voltage is increased by stretching, cooling and dividing the arc in partial arcs and thereby extinguished the arc.
- a corresponding switching device suitable for DC operation is known, for example, from EP 2 747 109 A1, in which a quenching device is provided for extinguishing an arc, with a first track arrangement for conducting an arc with a first current direction and with a second track arrangement for conducting an arc with a second current direction in said quenching chamber.
- the two track assemblies each have a first track and a second track, wherein the two first rails extend from a fixed contact in opposite directions and extend the two second rails, starting from a movable contact in opposite directions.
- the arc at certain points for example, at the end points of the rails, "solidify", which means a correspondingly extended arc burning time and concomitantly increased thermal stress on the switching chamber, the result for the switching device, a reduced electrical Lifespan can mean.
- An object of the invention is to propose a quenching plate assembly, with which the life of switching devices is extended, in which switching arcs of energy, which is stored in particular at an inductive component in a circuit, are fed, so that one occurred in the quenching chamber Arcing the energy released by the inductors time-delayed energy must be reduced before it goes out, which is associated with a longer burning time of the arc.
- the inventive arc splitter assembly for a switching device has a plurality of quenching plates for splitting and / or lengths of an arc, and at least one guide plate, wherein the quenching plates are arranged substantially side by side to a stack and the guide plate laterally limits the stack.
- the quenching plates and the guide plate are essentially plate-shaped components, which consequently have a length in a main extension and a width which are each substantially larger than a thickness of the components.
- Arranged next to one another in a stack are the components within the meaning of the invention. tion when the planes defined by the length and width are arranged parallel to one another.
- the expression "substantially next to one another” expresses that the quenching plates and the guide plate can not be arranged exactly parallel to one another, ie that adjacent quenching plates enclose an angle with one another or with the guide plate
- the guide plate projects beyond the quenching plates in the main extension direction, that is to say in the length
- the quenching plates can be approximately the same length or different lengths, but none is as long as the guide plate
- the guide plate has a slot, wherein the slot extends from an end of the guide plate remote from the quenching plates.
- An advantage of the quenching plate arrangement with a slotted guide plate is that an arc receives an additional guidance, wherein the slot is intended to lead the arc rapidly into the stack of quenching plates and thus out of the region of a switching chamber in which a Accumulation of ionized gases should be avoided.
- the guide plate is expressly no arc guide rail, but part of the quenching plate assembly.
- guide plate is used here, without this having a limiting function in terms of a guide function.
- the function of the guide plate is not limited to the guidance of the arc, but it fulfills a multiple function, namely
- the slot extends over a partial length of the guide plate, wherein the partial length is limited in particular to a part of the guide plate projecting beyond the quenching plates.
- the slot opens at a closer end of the quenching plates in a recess, wherein the recess has a greater width than the slot.
- the slot widens at its end. The larger recess makes it possible to keep the arc longer and leads to a lower load due to the thermal effect at the slot end.
- the recess tapers from an end connected to the slot of V-shaped. This means that the slot forms an arrow shape with the recess. Since the slot opens into the wide part of the V-shaped or triangular recess, a residence time of the arc is increased there to allow it to penetrate between as many, preferably all quenching plates, where the arc is divided into partial arcs, in order to To achieve the highest possible multiplication of the arc voltage.
- an edge along the slot and along the recess at least in sections has a two-sided chamfer. This advantageously increases the residence time of the arc at the edge.
- the slot opens at the end of the guide plate remote from the quenching plates in a V-shaped notch.
- the arc is easier to pick up and quickly fed to the slot.
- an intermediate plate is arranged on one of the arranged to a stack of quenching plates side of the guide plate, wherein the intermediate plate is longer than the quenching plates and shorter than the guide plate.
- a distance between the first rails of the switching device and the respective adjacent intermediate plates, and a distance between the intermediate plates and the respective adjacent guide plates is provided, which is in each case smaller than a distance between the quenching plates with each other, by a residence time of the arc in the area increase and avoid shorting.
- the intermediate plates preferably also have V-shaped notches on the inlet side.
- two guide plates are provided, wherein the guide plates limit the stack on both sides.
- the embodiment is intended for switching devices in which the direction in which the arc is driven, is not known from the outset, so for polarity-independent switching devices.
- the two guide plates are then preferably designed substantially identical and mirror-symmetrical to each other, that is, opposite to each other at both ends of the splitter stack.
- the second guide plate also advantageously performs a foreclosure function by a short circuit on the non-active rail of the switching device is prevented by the second guide plate.
- a spacing between respectively adjacent quenching plates varies, that is, they are not arranged equidistantly. In particular, it is hen the distance from a center of the stack towards the guide plates decreases.
- the quenching plate assembly is further preferably as a deion-quenching chamber with a plurality of mutually electrically isolated, electrically conductive quenching plates and guide plates, and optionally intermediate plates formed.
- Another object of the invention relates to a switching device, suitable for a DC operation, having at least one contact pair, wherein the contact pair has a first contact and a second contact, wherein at least the second contact to the first contact is movable, wherein a quenching device with at least one Extinguishing chamber is provided for extinguishing an arc occurring between the first contacts and the second contacts, with a first rail arrangement for conducting an arc with a first current direction and with a second rail arrangement for conducting an arc with a second current direction in said quenching chamber the two rail assemblies, each having a first rail, and a second rail, having, the two first rails, starting from the first contact in opposite directions and the two second rails, starting from the second contact, in entg egengresen directions, wherein the first rails, are connected to each other in the form of a closed loop electrically conductive.
- closed loop means that there is a kind of closed electrical circuit which may be of any geometrical design, for example in the form of a ring, whereby runners are also considered to be closed in the sense of the invention if they have short interruptions.
- the closed loop makes it possible for an arc that passes completely through the quench plates to not re-form itself as a stationary-burning arc on the back, which would damage the housing of the switchgear the arc in the permanent magnet see Blasfeld held in a continuous motion, this leads first back to the contacts and then into a new pass of the extinguishing device.
- the first rails are connected by a bracket behind the extinguishing device.
- the quenching device has exactly one quenching chamber and the running-rail arrangements are designed in such a way that the arc is guided into the one quenching chamber independently of the current direction and the running direction of the arc.
- an arc splitter assembly as hereinbefore described, is disposed within the closed loop formed by the first rails, so that the thermal stress on individual areas within the interrupter chamber is significantly reduced and the arc lingers longer in the area of the arcing fixture, thereby increasing the life expectancy of the interrupter chamber increased overall.
- a quenching plate assembly is provided with two guide plates, wherein the two second rails, are arranged with opened contacts between the two guide plates.
- the two second rails are preferably also electrically connected to one another in the form of a closed loop.
- Figure 1 is a sectional view of a switching chamber of an inventive
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the arc splitter assembly according to the invention without switching device;
- FIG. 3 shows a further sectional view of the arc splitter arrangement according to FIG. 2 along the line AA.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a switching chamber 1 of a switching device according to the invention with a first embodiment of an arc splitter arrangement 21 according to the invention.
- the first track arrangement 37 serves to guide an arc with a first current direction into a quenching device, here the quenching plate arrangement 21 according to the invention.
- the second track arrangement 38 serves to guide an arc with an opposite second current direction into the same arc splitter arrangement 21.
- the corresponding switching device with a plurality of switching chambers 1 is described in detail in the document EP 2 747 109 A1, to which reference is hereby made, and will not be described in detail here.
- the arc is driven to the left or to the right. If the arc is driven to the left according to FIG. 1, the first track arrangement 37 serves to guide the arc. If the arc is driven to the right according to FIG. 1, the second track arrangement 38 serves to guide the arc. Both rails arrangement 37, 38 each have a first rail 39, 40 and a second rail 41, 42, between which the arc is formed further. The first rails 39, 40 are connected to the fixed contact 9.
- the second rails 41, 42 are connected to a bridge contact piece 15 and the moving contact 18, wherein the second rails 41, 42 may be formed by an integral component which extends once around the side facing away from the first contact 9 side, so a closed loop forms in the form of a ring.
- the outgoing from the movable second contact 18, closed track assembly 41, 42 is in this case arranged eccentrically in the interior of the closed track assembly 39, 40 of the fixed contact 9, in such a way that in two areas the fixed contact side rail assembly 39, 40 each parallel to the moving contact side rail assembly 41, 42 extends. In the region of the two contacts 9, 18, the distance of the rails is minimal, while the distance in the opposite parallel zone, is arranged in the quenching plate assembly 21 is substantially larger.
- the first running rail 40 of the first running rail arrangement 37 runs first to the left and then upwardly deflected by 90 °, wherein the distance between the first running rail 40 and the second running rail 41 increases successively.
- the arc is therefore formed between these two rails 40, 41 further and is driven by the contact pair 9, 18 at a first current direction to the left and then upwards.
- the further course of the arc is at the side facing away from the first contact 9 back of the bridge contact piece 15 along, wherein the arc is successively driven into the gaps between the individual quenching plates 23.
- Ausblaskanäle 35 are provided to blow out arc gases from the switching chamber 1.
- the second track assembly 38 is constructed mirror-symmetrically identical.
- the arc can then run again along the rails 39, 40, 41, 42 in the direction of the arc splitter assembly 21. If there is sufficient residual energy, one or more additional running cycles can form until the arc finally reaches all the energy of the circuit has degraded so that it goes out. Although the arc voltage drops briefly after passing through the arc splitter assembly 21 and the commutation on the festkon- clock side track 39, 40, but this waste is rapidly compensated by the continuous advancement of the arc and by re-entering the arc splitter assembly 21. The arc voltage increases again steadily until it finally comes to the final extinction of the arc.
- the arc splitter assembly 21 has a plurality of quenching plates 23 for splitting and / or lengths of the arc, and two guide plates 53, wherein the quenching plates 23 are arranged substantially side by side to form a stack and the guide plates 53 define the stack laterally.
- the quenching plates 23 and the guide plates 53 are essentially plate-shaped components and adjacent wiping plates 23 a gap is formed in each case, so that no quenching plate 23 touches another.
- the guide plates 53 project beyond the quenching plates 23 according to the invention in their main extension direction, that is to say in their length.
- the quenching plates 23 are equal to each other here, but could also be different in length to some extent. However, no quenching plate 23 is as long as the guide plates 53.
- a distance between in each case two adjacent quenching plates 23 varies preferably, the quenching plates 23 are therefore not arranged equidistantly.
- the distance from a center of the stack of quenching plates 23 decreases towards the guide plates 53, whereby a passage time of the partial arcs is varied by the package of quenching plates 23 over the extension of the package. This advantageously ensures that the partial arcs about the same time reach the upper end of the package of quenching plates 23 in the figure, even if previously the division of the arc into the individual partial sheets and their penetration into the splitter stack 23 is not done synchronously.
- FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the extinguishing Sheet arrangement 21.
- This differs from the first embodiment according to Figure 1 in that in addition two intermediate plates 54 are provided, which are each arranged on an outer side of the arc splitter assembly 21, ie in each case at one of the arranged to a stack quenching plates 23 side of the guide plates 53rd Die Intermediate plates 54 additionally protect a switching chamber wall from the action of the arc.
- the intermediate plates 54 have a V-shaped notch 5, which serves to achieve a persistence of the arc at the notch 5.
- the guide plates 53 will be described with reference to Figure 3 in more detail.
- FIG. 3 shows a further sectional view of the arc splitter arrangement according to FIG. 2 along the line A-A.
- two arc-metal plate assemblies 21 of two adjacent, not completely recognizable switching chambers are shown.
- each guide plate 53 has a slot 2, wherein the slot 2 extends from an end 3 of the guide plate 53 remote from the quenching plates 23.
- An advantage of the arc splitter arrangement 21 with a slotted guide plate 53 is that the arc receives an additional guidance, wherein the slot 2 is intended to rapidly guide the arc into the stack of quenching plates 23.
- the slot 23 prevents here a persistence of the arc at the V-shaped notch 5 at the end 3 of the guide plate 53. In the quenching plates 23, however, which have a comparable V-shaped notch 5, a persistence of the arc is desired to the arc as possible long to keep in the stack of quenching plates 23.
- the slot 2 extends over a partial length of the guide plate 53, namely over the part of the guide plate 53, which projects beyond the quenching plates 23. As a result, a persistence of the arc is achieved at the slot end, whereby the arc is advantageously kept longer in the field of quenching plates 23.
- the slot 2 opens at a closer end of the quenching plates 23 opens into a recess 4, wherein the recess 4 has a greater width than the slot 2.
- the recess 4 is designed V-shaped in the illustrated embodiment. An edge along the slot 2 and along the V-shaped recess 4 may at least partially have a chamfer on both sides (not shown), whereby an extended persistence of the arc is achieved at the edge.
- the slot 2 terminates in a V-shaped notch 5, which can also be found at the ends of the quenching plates 23 and the intermediate plates.
- the notch 5 of the intermediate sheets which also increases the time of the arc, is here only hinted through the recess 4 through recognizable and not provided with a reference numeral for reasons of clarity.
- quenching plate assembly quenching device3 quenching plates
Landscapes
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL15817213T PL3238223T3 (pl) | 2014-12-22 | 2015-12-17 | Układ blach gaszących łącznika |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014119474.8A DE102014119474A1 (de) | 2014-12-22 | 2014-12-22 | Löschblechanordnung für ein Schaltgerät |
| PCT/EP2015/080137 WO2016102289A1 (de) | 2014-12-22 | 2015-12-17 | Löschblechanordnung für ein schaltgerät |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3238223A1 true EP3238223A1 (de) | 2017-11-01 |
| EP3238223B1 EP3238223B1 (de) | 2020-04-08 |
Family
ID=55027727
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15817213.0A Active EP3238223B1 (de) | 2014-12-22 | 2015-12-17 | Löschblechanordnung für ein schaltgerät |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10354814B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3238223B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN107210150B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102014119474A1 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL3238223T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2016102289A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1076224B (de) * | 1955-04-06 | 1960-02-25 | Calor Emag Elektrizitaets Ag | Elektrischer Schalter mit Lichtbogenlaengung in einem Eisenscheiben aufweisenden Mantel |
| FR1563034A (de) * | 1968-02-09 | 1969-04-11 | ||
| DE3311052A1 (de) * | 1983-03-25 | 1984-09-27 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Selbstschalter, insbesondere leitungsschutzschalter |
| KR910000071B1 (ko) * | 1986-05-30 | 1991-01-19 | 미츠비시 덴키 가부시키가이샤 | 개폐기 |
| JPS63264829A (ja) * | 1986-05-30 | 1988-11-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 開閉器 |
| FR2622736B1 (fr) * | 1987-10-28 | 1995-04-14 | Merlin Gerin | Disjoncteur basse tension, a courant continu, et a joues de guidage de l'arc |
| US5583328A (en) | 1992-07-02 | 1996-12-10 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | High voltage switch including U-shaped, slitted stationary contact assembly with arc extinguishing/magnetic blowout features |
| DE102005007282A1 (de) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-24 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Elektrisches Installationsgerät mit Lichtbogen-Vorkammerraum, Vorkammerplatten und strombegrenzender Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung |
| DE102005022213A1 (de) * | 2005-05-13 | 2006-11-16 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Elektrisches Installationsgerät mit Lichtbogen-Vorkammerraum, Vorkammerplatten und strombegrenzender Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung |
| DE102008021025B4 (de) * | 2007-04-28 | 2024-07-18 | Abb Ag | Lichtbogenlöschblechanordnung und ein Installationsschaltgerät mit solch einer Lichtbogenlöschblechanordnung |
| DE102007025537A1 (de) * | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Abb Ag | Elektrisches Installationsschaltgerät mit einer Lichtbogenblaseinrichtung |
| DE102007028204A1 (de) * | 2007-06-15 | 2008-12-18 | Siemens Ag | Leistungsschalter mit Schaltgaskühlung |
| FR2923649B1 (fr) * | 2007-11-13 | 2009-12-11 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | Chambre de coupure et disjoncteur equipe d'une telle chambre de coupure. |
| DE102010032715A1 (de) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-02 | Abb Ag | Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung und Installationsschaltgerät mit einer Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung |
| JP5879041B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-29 | 2016-03-08 | ハリマ化成株式会社 | カチオン性表面サイズ剤の製造方法およびその方法で得られるサイズ剤 |
| DE202012013107U1 (de) * | 2012-04-05 | 2014-10-28 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung und Installationsschaltgerät mit einer Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung |
| US9087654B2 (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2015-07-21 | Larsen & Toubro Limited | Arc chute arrangement for arc quenching in electrical switching device |
| DE102013111953A1 (de) | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schaltgerät |
| CN203826250U (zh) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-09-10 | 国家电网公司 | 一种便携式电力开关器 |
-
2014
- 2014-12-22 DE DE102014119474.8A patent/DE102014119474A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2015
- 2015-12-17 WO PCT/EP2015/080137 patent/WO2016102289A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2015-12-17 CN CN201580075415.8A patent/CN107210150B/zh active Active
- 2015-12-17 EP EP15817213.0A patent/EP3238223B1/de active Active
- 2015-12-17 PL PL15817213T patent/PL3238223T3/pl unknown
- 2015-12-17 US US15/538,198 patent/US10354814B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2016102289A1 (de) | 2016-06-30 |
| CN107210150B (zh) | 2019-12-24 |
| US10354814B2 (en) | 2019-07-16 |
| EP3238223B1 (de) | 2020-04-08 |
| DE102014119474A1 (de) | 2016-06-23 |
| PL3238223T3 (pl) | 2020-09-07 |
| CN107210150A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
| US20180174775A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
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