EP3227894B1 - Anordnung elektrischer leiter und verfahren zur herstellung einer anordnung elektrischer leiter - Google Patents

Anordnung elektrischer leiter und verfahren zur herstellung einer anordnung elektrischer leiter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3227894B1
EP3227894B1 EP15798332.1A EP15798332A EP3227894B1 EP 3227894 B1 EP3227894 B1 EP 3227894B1 EP 15798332 A EP15798332 A EP 15798332A EP 3227894 B1 EP3227894 B1 EP 3227894B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arrangement
electrical conductors
melt temperature
low melt
temperature metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP15798332.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3227894A1 (de
Inventor
Thomas Sunn Pedersen
Norbert Paschkowski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
Original Assignee
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV filed Critical Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
Priority to PL15798332T priority Critical patent/PL3227894T3/pl
Publication of EP3227894A1 publication Critical patent/EP3227894A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3227894B1 publication Critical patent/EP3227894B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F5/00—Coils
    • H01F5/06—Insulation of windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
    • H01B3/306—Polyimides or polyesterimides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
    • H01B3/421—Polyesters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/16—Water cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/22—Cooling by heat conduction through solid or powdered fillings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2823—Wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2876—Cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/327—Encapsulating or impregnating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement of electrical conductors, comprising a conductor bundle with at least one individual electrical cable and at least one cooling line for the flow through a cooling fluid.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing such an arrangement of electrical conductors.
  • the electrical conductor of the coil as a waveguide, z. B. in the form of hollow copper lines to run, which are flowed through to derive the resulting current heat in the hollow inside of the wire with a cooling fluid, usually water.
  • a cooling fluid usually water.
  • the windings of the coil in a flattened geometry, for. B. in a so-called “pancake shape" to bring, so that edge cooling of the windings is efficient.
  • edge cooling of the windings is efficient.
  • a disadvantage of the known from the prior art hollow copper conductors is that they are relatively inefficient and expensive for small coils, because the flow resistance p increases sharply with decreasingdekanalradius, since according to Poiseuilles formula, the flow resistance p is proportional to r -4 ( ⁇ ⁇ R -4 ).
  • the flat pancake-like geometries are not practical for many applications.
  • the well-known air cooling works only for low electrical power and for a non-compact geometry.
  • the JP 3841340 B2 proposes a coil with mineral insulated cables (MIC) in which, for example, a copper line is insulated by means of a surrounding magnesium oxide layer, which in turn is surrounded by a copper sheath.
  • MIC mineral insulated cables
  • a disadvantage of this approach is that the use of mineral-insulated cables is unsuitable for many applications, since they are relatively expensive and, in particular, small high-power coils can not be realized with a desired power density due to the comparatively large diameter of such mineral-insulated cables.
  • the potting compound is a metal or a metal alloy whose melting temperature above the highest operating temperature and below the temperature at which the insulation is destroyed.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to provide an arrangement of fluid-cooled electrical conductors, which can be arranged compactly even when exposed to a high power density and at the same time can be efficiently cooled and which is preferably inexpensive to produce. It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for producing such an arrangement, which is characterized in particular by a simplified process control.
  • the arrangement of electrical conductors according to the invention comprises a conductor bundle with at least one individual electrical cable and at least one cooling line for the flow through a cooling fluid.
  • an insulated metal wire i. H. a metal wire with an insulating sheath, understood.
  • the metal wire may be a copper wire.
  • the at least one cooling channel can be designed as a copper tube.
  • the conductor bundle preferably consists of several individual electrical cables, but may also consist of only a single cable.
  • the stated objects are achieved in that for the thermal connection of the conductor bundle, ie the single cable or the single cable to the at least one cooling line, a portion of the at least one cooling line and the individual cables are embedded in a low-melting-temperature metal, wherein the insulating sheathing of the single cable is designed as a plastic insulation.
  • the inventive arrangement high heat conduction is realized by the metal wires of the individual cable to the cooling line, due on the one hand by the usually intrinsically high thermal conductivity of low-melting-temperature metals and on the other hand by the thin insulation sheath of the wires having a large contact area between the plastic insulation of the metal wires and the Low-melting-temperature metal forms.
  • the plastic insulation is a polyimide insulation or a polyester insulation.
  • a particularly advantageous variant of a polyimide insulation is a casing of extruded Kapton®.
  • a particularly advantageous variant of the polyester insulation is a polyester lacquer insulation.
  • insulation variants also offer the advantage over mineral insulation that both insulation variants allow for unrestricted wire bending radii and, surprisingly, with respect to short circuits caused by porosity or cracks, are significantly more robust than mineral insulations.
  • polyester lacquer-insulated wires are also their low production costs, which are usually up to a factor of 50 cheaper than typical mineral-insulated cables.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that when cooling by means of a separate own cooling channel, which is connected via the low-melting-temperature metal thermally connected to the individual cable, the diameter of the cooling channel can be set independently of the diameter of the wires, resulting in a much more efficient optimization of Cooling and independent determination of the voltage-current ratio allows.
  • This advantage is particularly important for small coils due to the strong light linearity of the water flows, cf. Poiseuilles formula.
  • low melting point metal should also include low melting temperature alloys.
  • low-melting-temperature metal is thus meant a metal or alloy having a low melting temperature. Such metals are also referred to as low-melting metals or metal alloys.
  • the low-melting-temperature metal used for thermal connection of the individual cables has in particular a high thermal conductivity.
  • the low melting point metal has a melting point below 260 ° C, more preferably a melting point below 150 ° C.
  • the low melting temperature metal may be, for example, a tin-bismuth alloy, a tin-lead alloy or a solder alloy.
  • the low-melting-temperature metal may contain at least one metal or an alloy from the group tin, tin-lead, tin-zinc or tin-bismuth.
  • the predetermined maximum operating temperature of the material of the insulating sheath is preferably greater than the melting temperature of the low-melting-point metal, so that it is ensured during the introduction of the molten metal that the insulation of the individual cables is not damaged.
  • the conductor bundle is materially connected to the section of the at least one cooling line, preferably by casting with the low-melting-temperature metal, in order to ensure a good thermal connection.
  • An emphasized application of the invention concerns an embodiment of the arrangement of electrical conductors as an electrical or electromagnetic liquid-cooled coil, in which the conductor bundle with the at least one individual electrical cable forms at least one winding of the coil.
  • the portion of the cooling line embedded in the low-melting-point metal is preferably circular in this case.
  • Such a coil can be made compact and inexpensive due to the use of plastic-insulated wires and can be provided with high performance at the same time due to the efficient cooling.
  • the coil has a hollow-toroidal bobbin as a carrier of the at least one winding of the coil, the at least one winding and surrounding the embedded portion of the cooling line.
  • a hollow-toroidal bobbin also has the advantage that it can simultaneously serve as a casting mold in the production of the coil.
  • the cooling line may be designed, for example, as a copper tube and / or run substantially in the middle of the cavity of the bobbin and thus be uniformly surrounded by the windings of the coil.
  • the bobbin may further include an inflow tube and an evacuation tube which may be used to evacuate the bobbin as part of a vacuum casting process and to introduce the molten low melting point metal.
  • a method for producing the inventive arrangement of electrical conductors is also proposed.
  • the embedding of the conductor bundle or individual cables and the section of the at least one cooling line into the low-melting-temperature metal takes place by means of a vacuum casting method.
  • the introduction of the molten low melting point metal by means of a vacuum casting process prevents air bubbles from forming and also ensures that no gaps are created even at bottlenecks between wires.
  • the vacuum casting process may include the following steps: On the bobbin, an inflow tube and a drainage tube are attached, which are each fluidly in communication with the cavity of the bobbin.
  • the inflow tube will be present the evacuation of the bobbin with a low-melting-temperature metal, preferably with the low-melting-temperature metal, which is introduced into the bobbin for thermal bonding in the subsequent Vakuumg smart compiler.
  • the inflow tube may be occluded by submerging the aperture of the inflow tube in a small amount of molten low melting point metal, which subsequently solidifies again thereby occluding the aperture.
  • the interior of the bobbin in which the coil windings and a cooling line section are located, is evacuated via the drainage tube. It has been found that the evacuation achievable with a backing pump is sufficient. After evacuation of the bobbin, the low melting temperature metal occluding the inflow tube is melted, e.g. B. by energizing and thereby heating the coil to a temperature slightly above the melting temperature of the NSTMs.
  • the feed tube Prior to reopening the feed tube by melting the NSTM, the feed tube is positioned so that its inlet is submerged in a reservoir of liquid NSTM, such that upon melting of the NSTM in the feed tube, the molten NSMT, driven by the vacuum force in the bobbin, exits the reservoir into the reservoir the cavity of the bobbin flows until the remaining cavity in the bobbin is completely filled with the NSTM. By cooling, the NSTM then solidifies.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 An embodiment of the water-cooled coil is in the FIGS. 1 and 2 shown schematically.
  • the coil 1 comprises an outer body 6 made of copper, which is hollow TORUSförmig.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section along the sectional plane AA of FIG. 2 to represent a meridian of the torus while
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the coil 1, in which one-eighth of the outer body 6 and the low-melting-temperature metal 5 has been omitted at this point to illustrate the internal structure.
  • a circular portion 4 of the cooling line extends to flow through with a cooling fluid, preferably water.
  • the section 4 of the cooling channel is formed by a single winding of a hollow copper tube with a diameter of 3 mm. Water enters the circular conduit section 4 via an inflow conduit 4a and is led out of the coil body 6 via an outlet conduit 4b. The rest of the cooling circuit, which is carried out in a known manner is not shown.
  • windings of a copper wire are arranged around the water cooling pipe 4, so that in the illustration of FIG. 2 the circular pipe section 4 of the cooling pipe is mostly covered by the windings. In the present example, this is 60 windings.
  • the windings thus consist of individual cables 2, the electrical conductor is formed from copper wires, which are sheathed with a polyimide insulation or a polyester insulation 3.
  • the individual cables 2 or windings are integrally connected to the circular section 4 of the cooling line by casting with a low-melting-point metal (NSTM) 5.
  • the NSTM 5 thus fills all gaps between the cables and the section 4 of the cooling line and thus directs the resulting during operation of the coil heat of the single cable 2 to the section 4 of the water flowed through during operation of the coil cooling line.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 merely show a schematic diagram and the actual distances between the windings are smaller than actually shown.
  • the diameter of the single cable 3 is in the present embodiment, for example, 1.2 mm, while the diameter of the cooling line is 4 mm. These details are only examples and can be changed depending on the field of application of the coil.
  • the two electrical connection lines 2a for energizing the windings are additionally shown.
  • extruded Kapton® was used as an example of polyimide insulation. According to the manufacturer, the maximum nominal operating temperature of the Kapton® wire is 230 ° C, which is well below the melting temperature of the tin-bismuth alloy used. The Kapton® insulation is thus not damaged when introducing a molten tin-bismuth alloy.
  • polyester paint insulation of the type W210 Stefan Maier GmbH was used.
  • NSTM 5 a tin-bismuth alloy was used, which was introduced into the bobbin 6 by a vacuum casting method.
  • Such water-cooled coils find applications in various technical fields, for example for physics experiments, for compact high-performance transformers or various compact actuator devices.
  • step S1 the bobbin 6 is prepared for the vacuum casting process.
  • the above-described windings of the individual cables 2 and the circular section 4 of the cooling tube are introduced into the cavity of the coil outer body 6.
  • the coil outer body 6 may for example be formed of two half-shells, which are placed around the individual cable 2 and the cooling pipe section 4 and vacuum-tightly connected to each other by soldering.
  • the coil outer body 6 has passage openings for the inflow line and the outlet line 4b of the cooling circuit.
  • a Inflow tube 7 see FIG. 4
  • a drain pipe 8 attached to the bobbin 6.
  • the drain pipe 8 also serves as a pump-down for a connected backing pump.
  • the opening of the inflow tube 7 has been narrowed to an approximately 1 mm 2 gap so that the NSTM flow rate (see step S6) is reduced by one to two orders of magnitude to about one liter per minute. It can thereby be ensured that the NSTM flows in and out in a controlled manner during the casting step and does not reach the connected backing pump, but instead clogs the exhaust tube 8 after the bobbin 6 has been completely filled. As a result, vacuum bubbles in the coil and damage to the backing pump can be reliably avoided.
  • step S2 the inflow tube 7 is closed by immersing the inflow tube 7 in a small amount of the NSTM, here a tin-bismuth alloy.
  • the molten tin-bismuth alloy then solidifies in the inflow tube 7 and clogs it.
  • step S3 the exhaust tube 8 is connected to a backing pump and the bobbin 6 is evacuated with the coil winding, d. H. pumped down with the backing pump.
  • step S5 The previously clogged opening of the inflow tube 7 is now immersed in step S5 in a reservoir containing the NSTM in the molten state. Furthermore, the coil is heated by energization to a temperature up to 140 ° C, ie a temperature which is slightly above the melting temperature of the NSTMs, in this case 132 ° C.
  • step S6 the blockage of the inflow tube 7 of the NSTM material melts, so that the NSTM flows from the reservoir, driven by the vacuum forces, into the interior of the coil body 6 via the inflow tube 7, which is no longer blocked, and completely fills it, so that the windings of the single cable 2 and the cooling tube 4 are embedded inside the bobbin 6 completely with the NSTM and thereby thermally connected to each other. Subsequently, the coil is cooled so that the NSTM becomes solid (step S6).
  • step S3 The separation between evacuating the inner volume of the bobbin 6 (step S3) from the subsequent pouring of the molten NSTM (step S6) reliably avoids the formation of air bubbles and improves the heat transfer from the coil into the cooling line and thus into the cooling fluid.
  • FIG. 4 the coil 1 is off FIG. 2 shown, with the difference that, as already mentioned above, in addition, the inflow tube 7 and the drain tube 8 are provided on the coil outer body 6, which can be removed after the drainage of the casting process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
EP15798332.1A 2014-12-03 2015-11-23 Anordnung elektrischer leiter und verfahren zur herstellung einer anordnung elektrischer leiter Not-in-force EP3227894B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL15798332T PL3227894T3 (pl) 2014-12-03 2015-11-23 Układ przewodów elektrycznych i sposób wytwarzania układu przewodów elektrycznych

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014017857.9A DE102014017857B3 (de) 2014-12-03 2014-12-03 Anordnung elektrischer Leiter und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Anordnung elektrischer Leiter
PCT/EP2015/002355 WO2016087029A1 (de) 2014-12-03 2015-11-23 Anordnung elektrischer leiter und verfahren zur herstellung einer anordnung elektrischer leiter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3227894A1 EP3227894A1 (de) 2017-10-11
EP3227894B1 true EP3227894B1 (de) 2018-08-22

Family

ID=54697532

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15798332.1A Not-in-force EP3227894B1 (de) 2014-12-03 2015-11-23 Anordnung elektrischer leiter und verfahren zur herstellung einer anordnung elektrischer leiter

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20190006087A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3227894B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2018502448A (zh)
KR (1) KR20170093858A (zh)
CN (1) CN107210110B (zh)
CA (1) CA2967703A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE102014017857B3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2698415T3 (zh)
PL (1) PL3227894T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2016087029A1 (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11258325B2 (en) 2018-10-23 2022-02-22 General Electric Company Articles including insulated conductors and systems thereof
CN111584150A (zh) * 2020-04-01 2020-08-25 北京交通大学 一种cicc导体

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2547080C2 (de) * 1975-10-17 1977-12-06 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Gekühlte Hochspannungskabelanlage mit Verbindungsmuffen
KR900000433B1 (ko) * 1985-11-26 1990-01-30 미쓰비시전기주식회사 전자교반 장치용 수냉권선
JP3339265B2 (ja) * 1995-09-05 2002-10-28 松下電器産業株式会社 コイル部品
DE10042013A1 (de) * 2000-08-26 2002-03-07 Daimler Chrysler Ag Elektromagnet
JP3841340B2 (ja) * 2001-12-25 2006-11-01 Ｎｅｃトーキン株式会社 電磁コイル及びその製造方法
US7598839B1 (en) * 2004-08-12 2009-10-06 Pulse Engineering, Inc. Stacked inductive device and methods of manufacturing
EP1782440B1 (en) * 2004-08-23 2010-06-16 DET International Holding Limited Coil form for forming an inductive element
CN201273854Y (zh) * 2008-03-24 2009-07-15 苏州东菱振动试验仪器有限公司 具有封装结构的水冷式励磁线圈
RU104105U1 (ru) * 2009-07-27 2011-05-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственное предприятие "ЦветЛитФурма" (ООО "НПП "ЦветЛитФурма") Устройство для изготовления медных кессонированных элементов

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Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2016087029A1 (de) 2016-06-09
US20190006087A1 (en) 2019-01-03
EP3227894A1 (de) 2017-10-11
KR20170093858A (ko) 2017-08-16
ES2698415T3 (es) 2019-02-04
PL3227894T3 (pl) 2019-04-30
DE102014017857B3 (de) 2016-02-11
JP2018502448A (ja) 2018-01-25
CN107210110B (zh) 2018-11-09
CA2967703A1 (en) 2016-06-09
CN107210110A (zh) 2017-09-26

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