EP3224342A1 - Element injecteur de lumiere - Google Patents
Element injecteur de lumiereInfo
- Publication number
- EP3224342A1 EP3224342A1 EP15801801.0A EP15801801A EP3224342A1 EP 3224342 A1 EP3224342 A1 EP 3224342A1 EP 15801801 A EP15801801 A EP 15801801A EP 3224342 A1 EP3224342 A1 EP 3224342A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light
- light source
- injector element
- energy
- vcsel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M31/00—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light
- C12M31/08—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light by conducting or reflecting elements located inside the reactor or in its structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0005—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
- G02B6/0008—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type the light being emitted at the end of the fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0068—Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0096—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the lights guides being of the hollow type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0005—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
- G02B6/0006—Coupling light into the fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0005—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
- G02B6/001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type the light being emitted along at least a portion of the lateral surface of the fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S2301/00—Functional characteristics
- H01S2301/20—Lasers with a special output beam profile or cross-section, e.g. non-Gaussian
- H01S2301/203—Lasers with a special output beam profile or cross-section, e.g. non-Gaussian with at least one hole in the intensity distribution, e.g. annular or doughnut mode
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the general field of lighting, and in particular that of lighting for the intensive and continuous culture of photosynthetic microorganisms.
- lighting elements are known in the state of the art, such as for example the luminescent or neon tube, the fluorescent tube or the light emitting diode (or LED).
- an LED has an energy emission diagram following a lambertian profile, that is to say in the form of a lobe.
- An LED emits a maximum energy flow in a main direction perpendicular to its emission surface, and this energy flow decreases as one moves away from this main direction.
- an LED has an emission cone whose solid angle is limited, typically 90 °.
- An LED therefore does not emit energy in directions having a steep inclination with respect to the main direction, especially beyond 45 °.
- an LED when an LED is for example installed on the ceiling of a room so as to emit light mainly vertically, it can not illuminate horizontally, thereby reducing the quality of the lighting in the room. room.
- Such lighting quality can cause comfort problems for a user and requires a multiplication of lighting systems to remedy this defect.
- LEDs however, has significant advantages, including their high light output which is almost constant in the duration of use of the LED, especially when the LEDs do not heat up.
- fluorescent or neon tubes allow energy to be emitted in all radial directions, even horizontally when installed as a ceiling lamp.
- the energy flow emitted by the lighting elements is as uniform as possible in all directions of emission of said element. lighting, so as to improve the production yield of said microalgae.
- the document WO201 1/080345 proposes for example light injector elements comprising a tubular light guide, at the end of which is placed an LED.
- the LED is surrounded by a mirror of parabolic or conical shape, or any other shape that returns the rays of large angles emitted by the LED in the axial direction of the injector.
- the light guide of the injector element is covered at its end on the side of the LED, a mirror whose opacity decreases when moving away from the light source.
- this metal mirror is total in the upper part of the injector element, becomes progressively semi-transparent, and finally disappears.
- the amount of energy emitted by the tube along its sidewall decreases exponentially as one moves away from the LED. , which would result in the light energy coming out essentially in the upper part of the injector element. It is therefore understood that the implementation of such mirrors is essential for the injector element to emit the most uniform energy possible along the tube.
- This document also proposes to place a mirror at the end of the light guide opposite the LED, so as to return along the light guide of the injector element the light rays coming directly from the LED or reflected in directions having a small angle to the main direction of emission, to compensate for increasing energy losses as one moves away from the LED.
- This mirror has for example a conical shape, half-spherical, or parabolic, or even a more complex shape.
- conical-shaped mirrors even of more complex shape, makes it possible to limit the number of reflection of the light rays and thus to reduce the losses associated with the absorption of the reflected luminous flux.
- An object of the invention is therefore to propose a light injector element making it possible to reduce the losses of light energy between the energy emitted by the light source and the energy leaving the injector element.
- the invention also aims to provide an injector element for providing a generally uniform energy flow in all directions of emission of said injector element.
- the invention proposes according to a first aspect a light injector element comprising a body extending along a longitudinal axis, and a light source placed opposite one end of the body, the injector element being characterized in that the light source comprises a plurality of laser diodes vertical cavity emitting by the surface, said plurality of diodes being arranged so as to form an emission surface substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body.
- the body has a cylindrical shape, in particular cylindrical straight or parallelepipedic;
- Each diode has an elementary emission surface, the emission surface comprising at least all of the elementary emission surfaces;
- Said diodes are associated so as to form an integrated circuit
- the light source is configured to emit more light in a peripheral area than in a central area of the transmitting surface
- the light source is configured to emit light only in the peripheral zone
- the injector element further comprises a control unit configured to control the light source so that the peripheral zone of the emission surface emits more light than the central zone;
- the injector element further comprises an end mirror disposed at one end of the body opposite the light source, so as to return in the body the portion of the light beam being reflected against said end mirror;
- the light source is configured to emit a non-uniform energy density in the peripheral zone of the emission surface;
- the elementary emission surfaces of the diodes of the peripheral zone are of different dimensions to one another so that the light source emits a non-uniform energy density in the peripheral zone of the emission surface;
- the injector element further comprises current supplies configured to provide the diodes with a non-uniform electrical current density so that the light source emits a non-uniform energy density in the peripheral area of the transmitting surface.
- the injector element comprises at least one optical element formed inside the body and configured to pass a fraction of the light beam emitted by the light source propagating in a central part of the body, and to deviate towards the outside said body a fraction of the light beam propagating in a peripheral part of the body, so as to locally distribute the energy emitted by the light source
- the optical element has an aperture substantially coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the body so as to pass the fraction of the beam of light propagating in the central part of the body
- the injector element comprises a plurality of optical elements arranged inside the body, and extending at a distance from each other along said body, said optical elements being configured to allow a fraction of the light beam to pass through propagating in a central part of the body more and more restricted as the optical elements are moved away from the light source, so as to distribute the energy emitted by the light source along the body
- the optical elements each have an aperture substantially coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the body so as to pass a fraction of the light beam propagating in the central part of the body, said openings having a decreasing size with the distance from the the light source;
- the optical element or elements are diverging lenses, or prisms;
- the invention relates to a photobioreactor intended for the continuous cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms, preferably microalgae, said photobioreactor comprising at least one culture chamber intended to contain the culture medium (12) of the microorganisms,
- said photobioreactor being characterized in that it comprises a light injector element according to the first aspect of the invention, the body of said injector element being placed in the culture chamber.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic view, in vertical section, of a photobioreactor intended for the continuous cultivation, in particular of photosynthetic microorganisms, comprising a light injector element according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a structure of a surface-emitting vertical cavity laser diode (VCSEL);
- VCSEL vertical cavity laser diode
- FIG. 3 represents a schematic view, in vertical section, of a photobioreactor comprising a light injector element according to a variant of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 represents a first example of an energy emission profile of a plurality of VCSELs in which the energy density emitted is not uniform over the entire emission surface formed by the VCSELs
- FIG. 5 represents a second example of an energy emission profile of a plurality of VCSELs in which the energy density emitted is not uniform over the entire emission surface formed by the VCSELs;
- FIG. 6 represents a schematic view, in vertical section, of a photobioreactor comprising a light injector element according to a variant of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3;
- FIG. 7 represents the distribution of the energy emitted by the light injector element illustrated in FIG. 6 over its entire length, when the VCSELs have an emission profile as represented in FIG. 4;
- FIG. 8 represents the distribution of the energy emitted by the light injector element illustrated in FIG. 6 over its entire length, when the VCSELs have an emission profile as represented in FIG. 5;
- FIG. 9 represents a perspective view, in vertical section, of a planar light injector element according to a variant of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1, 3 and 6;
- FIG. 10 represents a perspective view, in vertical section, of a planar light injector element according to a variant of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1, 3, 6 and 9.
- FIG. 1 shows a photobioreactor 10 intended for the continuous cultivation of, in particular, photosynthetic micro-organisms, preferably microalgae, according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the photobioreactor 10 comprises at least one culture chamber 1 1 intended to contain the culture medium 12 of the microorganisms, and at least one light injector element 20.
- the light injector element 20 comprises a cylindrical body 21 extending along a longitudinal axis 22.
- the longitudinal axis 22 of the light injector element 20 substantially coincides with a vertical direction.
- cylinder is meant the volume generated by the translation of a surface (forming a base) in a direction orthogonal to the surface.
- the body 21 may have the shape of a cylinder of revolution (cylinder whose base is a disk) or a prism (cylinder whose base is a polygon).
- the body 21 may have the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.
- the body 21 is placed in the culture chamber 1 1.
- the body 21 is preferably hollow to avoid losses by absorption, but it will be understood that it may optionally be transparent material, see below.
- two opposite faces of said body 21 are preferably plates 21a, 21b placed at a short distance from each other. one of the other.
- the plates 21a, 21b define the length (height) and the width of the body 21, while the distance between the plates 21a, 21b defines the thickness of the body 21.
- the plates are for example polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or glass.
- the body 21 of the light injector element 20 is coupled with a light source 23 (disposed at the upper end of the light injector element 20 when the latter is oriented vertically) so as to guide the flow of light emitted by the light source 23 and transmit it into the culture medium 12 by its (their) wall (s) side (s) 24.
- This coupling is for example via a divergent or convergent input lens 30 configured to deflect the beam of light, as will be explained later.
- the index jump between the central cavity and the casing of the body 21 defining the side walls 24 makes it possible to control the lateral transmission of the light.
- the presence of a double-walled structure (so as to have two different indices) with possibly roughnesses is necessary.
- the light is emitted laterally through the plates 21a, 21b.
- a radiator (preferred common to all the injector elements) refrigerated by a coolant.
- the present light-diffusing injector element 20 transfers the light energy from the source 23 to the side wall only by refraction phenomena, that is to say by deflecting the light rays at interfaces between two media. (ie index jumps), whether at the possible lens 30, the side wall 24, or any other optical elements 35i (see below).
- the light source 23 comprises a plurality of surface-emitting vertical cavity laser diodes, so-called VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emission Laser), arranged so as to form a transmitting surface 26 substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 22 of the body 21 and emitting a light beam in a transmission direction 27 substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis 22 of the body 21.
- the VCSELs are supplied with electric current via at least one power supply 28.
- the power supply (s) 28 are for example controlled by a control unit 29.
- the emission surface 26 is preferably centered on the entrance (end 25) of the body 21.
- the emitting surface 26 is preferably of a shape adapted to the cross section of the body 21.
- the emission surface 26 will preferably be a disk, while in the case of a body 21 of the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, the emission surface 26 will preferably be a strip, as illustrated in FIG. 9 or in FIG.
- VCSELs are solid-state solid-state lasers with a direct gap to achieve coherent light emission, unlike LEDs that only generate incoherent light.
- a VCSEL comprises a structure 100 in superposed layers according to the transmission direction 101 of the light beam.
- the structure 100 includes in particular:
- a so-called upper metal contact layer 107 having an opening 108, in which is deposited a transparent and conductive metal oxide layer, and through which the light beam 109 is emitted.
- a VCSEL thus emits a beam of light by an elementary emission surface 1 10 substantially perpendicular to the stacking direction of the layers 102 to 107, unlike conventional solid lasers which emit by the wafer, that is to say by a surface substantially parallel to the stacking direction of the layers (sidewall of the cavity).
- the elementary emission surface of a VCSEL is, for example, of the order of one hundred ⁇ 2 and the optical power delivered exceeds a few tens of milliwatts in the visible range for a transmission area of a few hundred ⁇ . 2 .
- the VCSELs have a layered structure 100 extending perpendicularly to the emission direction 101 (so-called "planar" technology) makes it possible to associate a very large number (a few hundred) on a millimeter surface, so as to form a "integrated laser circuit" C-VCSEL comprising an N number of VCSEL.
- the light energy emitted by the C-VCSEL is the sum of the light energies emitted by each elementary VCSEL if there is no coupling between VCSEL, in particular by the semiconductor layers 103 to 106. to obtain light emissions of high power with a divergence almost zero, unlike LEDs.
- a C-VCSEL makes it possible to obtain powers exceeding ten optical watts per mm 2 .
- the plurality of VCSELs of the light source 23 is thus organized in C-VCSEL so that all the elementary emission surfaces 1 10 of the VCSELs form the emission surface 26.
- C-VCSEL makes it possible to transport the light energy over the entire length of the body 21 as well as to dispense with the mirrors which, in the prior art, were necessary to correct the Lambertian energy profile of the LEDs, thereby reducing the energy losses that were related to the use of these mirrors, as well as the costs of producing the injector element 20.
- the C-VCSEL can be configured to have a variable energy density on its emission surface 26.
- the skilled person knows a plurality of techniques to arrive to this result, and the present light injector element will not be limited to any of them.
- the complex structure of a VCSEL (Bragg mirrors, active layers, etc.) is produced by epitaxy (molecular beam epitaxy, for example) on a substrate 103 conducting at least the entire surface of the C-VCSEL.
- the delimitation of the elementary VCSELs i.e., the elementary emission surface of each VCSEL
- optical masks it is thus possible by means of "optical masks" to define the dimensions of the elementary emission surface 1 10 of each VCSEL and their surface densities (in other words to vary the pitch between two adjacent VCSELs) on a given area of the C -VCSEL.
- Connector technologies are the subject of deposits through masks adapted to the needs of electrical controls, well known to those skilled in the art. It is thus possible to provide "holes" in the emission surface 26, in other words areas devoid of VCSEL. For the sake of clarity, any zones having zero light emission but surrounded by zones having non-zero light emission will be considered as part of the emission surface 26.
- each VCSEL can be individually connected to a power supply 28.
- the control unit 29 can be configured to individually control the power supplies 28 so as to deliver current densities. different according to VCSEL.
- VCSEL can also be controlled in tension.
- the C-VCSEL can also be delimited by zones and the VCSELs of each zone can be connected to each other and to a dedicated power supply 28 per zone. In the latter two cases, the control unit 29 is for example a matrix control circuit.
- the VCSELs can be connected to each other and to a single power supply 28. In this case, the power supply 28 is controlled by the control unit 29 so as to deliver a uniform current density (that is, if the VCSELs have the same impedance per unit area, the voltage is the same for all VCSELs).
- the light source 23 is associated, upstream of the body 21, with a divergent or convergent input lens 30 configured to deflect the light beam emitted by the VCSEL towards the side wall 24. of the body 21.
- the input lens 30 makes it possible to adjust the angle of attack of the deflected light beam against the side wall 24 of the body 21, so as to control the energy emitted by the body 21.
- the angle of attack is chosen so that the energy emitted by the injector element is between a predetermined threshold energy and a so-called saturation energy of the microorganisms.
- the threshold energy corresponds to the minimum energy required for start photosynthesis.
- the angle of attack then makes it possible to determine the focal length f of the input lens 30.
- the C-VCSEL makes it possible to emit a substantially cylindrical light beam, parallel to the longitudinal axis 22 of the body 21. and that therefore the angle of attack of the light beam can be more easily controlled by the input lens 30. Moreover, this allows to spread the light task generated when the beam of light is deflected by the lens 30 along the entire length of the side wall 24 of the body 21 and thus to distribute the energy transmitted over the entire length of the body 21.
- the entry lens 30 is replaced by a diverging prism 301 having a width and a length substantially equal to the thickness and to the width of the body 21, respectively.
- the faces of the prism 30 ' may be non-planar in order to best distribute the energy along the plates 21a, 21b of the body 21.
- the emission surface 26 of the C-VCSEL is substantially of the same dimensions as the cross section of the body 21. If the emission surface 26 of the C-VCSEL is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the body 21, the injector element 20 may further be provided with an optical system projecting an enlarged image of the C-VCSEL, preferably the section of the optical guide, on the divergent lens (or prism) 30 located at the entrance of the body 21.
- the injector element 20 further comprises a mirror 31 disposed at a distal end of the body 21, ie the end opposite the light source 23.
- the end mirror 31 is configured to return the light beam into the body 21 so as to compensate for the loss of energy extracted from the body 21 when one moves away from the light source 23.
- the end mirror 31 thus makes it possible to standardize the flow of energy emitted by the side wall 24 of the body 21.
- the end mirror 31 has for example a flat, semi-spherical, conical or parabolic reflective surface.
- the profile of the reflecting surface of the mirror 31 is determined so that the light energy reflected by the end mirror 31 decreases as one approaches the light source 23, so that the maximum energy returning to the light source 23.
- the injector element 20 it is advantageous to return in the body 21 the fraction of the beam of light arriving directly on the end mirror 31 (that is to say without having been reflected by the side wall 24 of the body 21) and the fraction reflected by the side wall 24 of the body 21 towards the end mirror 31. It will also be understood, again in order to limit the energy losses in the injector element 20, that it is advantageous to reduce the fraction of the light beam returning to the light source 23, in particular to prevent the light source from occurring. heated and some of the emitted energy is not transmitted to the culture medium 12.
- the mirror 31 is preferably of the same dimensions as the cross section of the body 21.
- the injector element 20 may also be provided with a divergent or convergent end lens 32 provided inside the body 21 facing the end mirror 31, so as to increase the angle of attack against the side wall 24 of the body 21 of the fraction of the light beam reflected against the end mirror 31.
- the light source 23 is configured to emit more light in a peripheral zone 33 than in a central zone 34 of the emission surface 26.
- the central zone 34 of the emission surface 26 emits no light. In this way, the portion of the light beam reflected directly (i.e.
- FIG. 4 An example of the emission profile of the light source 23 having such a density of energy in the emission surface 26 is illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the energy density is zero in the central zone 34.
- the body 21 is a cylinder of revolution and the emission profile has a symmetry of revolution about the longitudinal axis 22 of the body 21.
- the central zone 34 of the emission surface 26 has the shape of a disk and the peripheral zone 35 of the transmission surface 26 has the shape of a ring.
- the central zone 34 of the transmission surface 26 does not comprise, for example, VCSEL.
- the photolithographically processed substrate may also be configured to disable the VCSELs (the elementary emission surfaces of the VCSELs) of the central zone 24, so that only the VCSELs of the peripheral zone 33 emit light.
- control unit 29 controls the light source 23 so that the peripheral area 33 of the transmission surface 26 emits more light than the central area 34.
- the control unit 22 controls for example, the current supply (s) 28 connected to the VCSELs of the central zone 34 to deliver a low or zero current density, and the current supply (s) 28 connected to the VCSELs of the peripheral zone 33 to deliver a higher current density strong.
- the VCSELs of the central zone 34 are preferably extinguished. VCSELs can also be controlled in tension.
- the light source 23 is furthermore configured to emit a non-uniform energy density in the peripheral zone 33 of the emission surface 26.
- the substrate (after the deposition of the layers defining the structure 100 illustrated in FIG. FIG. 2) treated by photolithography can configured to modulate the elemental emission surface of the VCSELs of the peripheral zone 33 of the transmission surface 26 so as to obtain a non-uniform energy density (in the C-VCSEL).
- the control unit 29 controls the current supplies 28 so as to deliver a non-uniform current density in the peripheral zone 33 of the transmission surface 26.
- FIG. 5 An exemplary emission profile of C-VCSEL having such a density of energy in the peripheral zone 33 of the emission surface 26 is illustrated in FIG. 5.
- the body 21 is a cylinder of revolution and the emission profile has a symmetry of revolution about the longitudinal axis 22 of the body 21.
- FIG. 5 shows that the light source 23 is configured to emit a decreasing energy from the edge of the central zone 34 towards the edge of the emission surface 26.
- the energy decreases as one moves away from the central zone 34 passing from a high energy level to a medium high energy level, then, on a second zone s extending from the edge of the first zone towards the edge of the emission surface 26, the energy decreases again as one moves away from the central zone 34 from a low average energy level at a low energy level.
- the energy level is discontinuous.
- the injector element 20 further comprises a plurality of optical elements 35i formed inside the body 21 at a distance from each other along said body 21, the optical elements 35i being further configured to pass a fraction of the light beam propagating through an increasingly restricted central portion 36i as the optical elements 35i are moved away from the light source 23.
- the optical elements 35i thus make it possible to distribute the energy of the light beam along the body 21.
- first optical element 35i can play the role of the input lens, and thus replace it.
- the energy emitted by the light source 23 so as to distribute it uniformly along the body 21, so that the average energy along said body 21 is sufficient to allow the development microorganisms.
- the energy emitted along the body 21 is in particular between a predetermined threshold energy and a so-called saturation energy of the microorganisms.
- the threshold energy is the minimum energy required to start photosynthesis.
- the optical elements 35i are preferably of the same shape and substantially of the same dimensions as the cross section of the body 21, the edge of the optical elements 35i being placed against the inner surface of the side wall of the body 21.
- the optical elements 35i in the case of a body 21 of circular cross section, the optical elements 35i have a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the body 21, whereas in the case of a body 21 of the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, the optical elements 35i have a length and a width substantially equal to the width and the thickness of the body 21, respectively.
- the optical elements 35i are "perforated", they have an opening 38i substantially coaxial with the longitudinal axis 22 of the body 21, so as to pass only the fraction of the light beam propagating in the central portion 36i of the body 21 without deflecting it.
- the openings 38i are furthermore smaller and smaller as the optical elements 35i are moved away from the light source 23.
- the opening 38i of the optical elements 35i is preferably of the same shape as the cross section of the body 21.
- the opening 38i of the optical elements 35i is preferably circular, the diameter Di of the openings 38i then being smaller and smaller as the optical elements 35i are moved away from the light source 23
- the optical elements 35i are, for example, divergent lenses or prisms deflectors, especially annular prisms.
- the lenses 35i may have an identical or different focal length.
- the prisms 35i may have identical or different geometries.
- each lens 35i is for example positioned in said body by means of an elastic ring (not shown) of plastic, glued against the inner wall of the body 21.
- the injector element 20 is tubular and the optical elements 35i are diverging lenses having an aperture 38i of diameter Di smaller and smaller as the lens 35i is moved away from the source of 23.
- the optical elements 35i are diverging lenses having an aperture 38i of diameter Di smaller and smaller as the lens 35i is moved away from the source of 23.
- a lens 35i intercepts a fraction of the light beam and deflects it outside the body 21.
- the lens 35i thus makes it possible to output a mean energy of the body over a length Li depending on the focal length of the lens 35i and its diameter Di.
- the fraction of the light beam intercepted by the lens 35i determines the energy injected over the length Li.
- a new fraction of the light beam is intercepted by a lens 35i + 1 (to the extent that the lens 35i + 1 has an aperture 38i + 1 of diameter Di + 1 smaller than the lens 35i) and is deflected outwards of the body 21 over a length Li + 1 depending on the focal length fi + 1 of the lens 35i + 1 and its diameter Di + 1.
- the power received by the lens 35i + 1 is proportional to the difference in surfaces between the openings 38i and 38i + 1. It will be understood that by performing this operation n times (that is to say by positioning n lenses 35i in the body), it is possible to gradually take energy from the beam of light to distribute it uniformly over any the length of the body 21.
- the length Li corresponds to the distance between the lens 35i and the point of attack of the fraction of the light beam deflected by the edge of the opening 38i of the lens 35i on the side wall 24 of the body 21. It will be understood that to distribute the energy uniformly over the entire length of the body 21, the lens 35i + 1 is preferably placed at a distance from the lens 35i corresponding to the length Li.
- each lens 35i are optimized according to the number n of lenses 35i. These parameters are as follows: the diameter Di, the length Li (or distance between two consecutive lenses 35i and 35i + 1), and the focal length fi of each lens 35i. It will also be noted that the optimization of the parameters of the lenses 35i may furthermore take into account, for the growth of photosynthetic microorganism, the fact that the average energy emitted by the body 21 must be between the threshold energy and the so-called saturation energy of microorganisms.
- the injector element 20 thus makes it possible to progressively tap the energy conveyed in the light beam and to deflect it outwardly of the body 21 in a controlled manner.
- the optical elements 35i are configured to deflect outside the body 21 all the light emitted by the peripheral zone 33 of the emission surface 26.
- the central zone 34 of the emission surface 26 is dimensions greater than or equal to those of the opening 38i of the optical element 35i farthest from the laser source 23. It will be understood that in this case, all the light beam is deflected by the optical elements 35i and that no fraction of the light beam is directly reflected against the end mirror 31 without having been previously deflected. This prevents the end mirror 31 from reflecting the light beam directly onto the light source 23, which would cause energy losses and overheating of said light source 23.
- the openings 38i may be formed by pairs of deflector prisms 35i placed opposite and at a distance from one another. the other.
- Each prism 35i of a pair of prisms then has a first edge placed against the inner surface of a plate 21a, 21b opposite of the body 21, and a second edge extending opposite and at a distance di from the second edge of the other prism 35i of the pair of prisms, the distance di between the premiums 35i of each pair thus forming the opening 38i.
- the distance di is smaller and smaller as the optical elements 35i are moved away from the light source 23.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate the distribution of the energy emitted by a cylindrical body injector element 20 comprising optical elements 35i, respectively when the C-VCSELs follow the emission profiles illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6.
- the injector element 20 makes it possible to emit a generally uniform energy level along the entire body 21, when the C-VCSELs have the emission profile shown in FIG. 5, and the emission profile illustrated in FIG. FIG. 6 further improves the uniformity of the distribution of the energy emitted by the injector element 20 along the body 21. Similar results are obtained with an injector element 20 as illustrated in Figure 10, the latter then having a generally uniform emission profile over the entire surface of the plates 21a, 21b.
- optical elements 35i in combination with a C-VCSEL makes it possible to produce injection elements 20 of great length (greater than one meter) (case of the cylindrical body 21 illustrated in FIGS. ) or large area (case of the body 21 of the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped illustrated in Figure 10) and which has a yield (power transferred to the culture medium / power emitted by C-VCSEL) particularly high, especially higher at 90%.
- the control unit 29 may also be configured to drive the light source 23 to emit pulsed light.
- the light can be modulated at high frequencies, especially beyond GHz. On the contrary, LEDs can hardly go beyond 100 MHz.
- the injector element 20 may also be leaned against a planar heat pipe configured to recover the heat losses of the light source 23.
- the plane heat pipe is placed in contact with the light source 23, outside the culture chamber 1 1. In this way, the temperature of the culture chamber 11 is maintained more easily at an appropriate temperature for the growth of photosynthetic microorganisms.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1461523A FR3028917A1 (fr) | 2014-11-26 | 2014-11-26 | Element injecteur de lumiere |
PCT/EP2015/077852 WO2016083548A1 (fr) | 2014-11-26 | 2015-11-26 | Element injecteur de lumiere |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3224342A1 true EP3224342A1 (fr) | 2017-10-04 |
Family
ID=52627345
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15801801.0A Withdrawn EP3224342A1 (fr) | 2014-11-26 | 2015-11-26 | Element injecteur de lumiere |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170331253A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3224342A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2017535295A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20170103772A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN107250854A (fr) |
AR (1) | AR102788A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2015352457A1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112017010997A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2968177A1 (fr) |
EA (1) | EA201791135A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3028917A1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL252511A0 (fr) |
TW (1) | TW201626668A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016083548A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB201904561D0 (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-05-15 | Walker Nicholas Simon | Remote ligh source algae lighting tube for volume cultivation medium illumination |
US20230113048A1 (en) * | 2020-02-14 | 2023-04-13 | Fermentalg | Reactor having an optimized lighting device |
EP4053259A1 (fr) * | 2021-03-02 | 2022-09-07 | Syctom L'Agence Metropolitaine Des Dechets Menagers | Photobioréacteur à éclairage intérieur doté d'un distributeur de conducteur de lumière pour la culture de micro-organismes photoréactifs |
EP4321606A1 (fr) * | 2022-08-09 | 2024-02-14 | Ningaloo Biosystems GmbH | Dispositif et procédé pour éclairer un échantillon chimique et/ou biologique |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3959923A (en) * | 1974-12-04 | 1976-06-01 | Erno Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh | Equipment for growing algae |
US20090185392A1 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2009-07-23 | Optim, Inc. | Detachable illumination system |
US7317182B2 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2008-01-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Backlight wedge with encapsulated light source |
CA2690384A1 (fr) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-31 | Algaedyne Corporation | Bioreacteur |
CN102317430A (zh) * | 2007-06-22 | 2012-01-11 | 阿尔盖迪尼公司 | 生物反应器 |
US20090148931A1 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-06-11 | Bionavitas, Inc. | Illumination systems, devices, and methods for biomass production |
US8809037B2 (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2014-08-19 | Bioprocessh20 Llc | Systems, apparatuses and methods for treating wastewater |
US8442365B2 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2013-05-14 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Optical subassembly for coupling light into an optical waveguide |
JP5490560B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-16 | 2014-05-14 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 導光フィルム及び該導光フィルムを用いた植物育成方法 |
JPWO2011114984A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-15 | 2013-06-27 | ヤーマン株式会社 | レーザトリートメント装置 |
FR2974814B1 (fr) * | 2011-05-06 | 2017-06-02 | Acta Alga | Photobioreacteur en milieu ferme pour la culture de micro-organismes photosynthetiques |
US20160072258A1 (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2016-03-10 | Princeton Optronics Inc. | High Resolution Structured Light Source |
-
2014
- 2014-11-26 FR FR1461523A patent/FR3028917A1/fr active Pending
-
2015
- 2015-11-25 TW TW104139138A patent/TW201626668A/zh unknown
- 2015-11-25 AR ARP150103857A patent/AR102788A1/es unknown
- 2015-11-26 BR BR112017010997A patent/BR112017010997A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-11-26 CA CA2968177A patent/CA2968177A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2015-11-26 EA EA201791135A patent/EA201791135A1/ru unknown
- 2015-11-26 WO PCT/EP2015/077852 patent/WO2016083548A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-11-26 US US15/529,065 patent/US20170331253A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-11-26 CN CN201580064534.3A patent/CN107250854A/zh active Pending
- 2015-11-26 KR KR1020177016759A patent/KR20170103772A/ko unknown
- 2015-11-26 EP EP15801801.0A patent/EP3224342A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-11-26 AU AU2015352457A patent/AU2015352457A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-11-26 JP JP2017547074A patent/JP2017535295A/ja active Pending
-
2017
- 2017-05-25 IL IL252511A patent/IL252511A0/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW201626668A (zh) | 2016-07-16 |
AR102788A1 (es) | 2017-03-22 |
KR20170103772A (ko) | 2017-09-13 |
IL252511A0 (en) | 2017-07-31 |
CA2968177A1 (fr) | 2016-06-02 |
WO2016083548A1 (fr) | 2016-06-02 |
BR112017010997A2 (pt) | 2018-02-14 |
EA201791135A1 (ru) | 2017-11-30 |
AU2015352457A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
US20170331253A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
JP2017535295A (ja) | 2017-11-30 |
FR3028917A1 (fr) | 2016-05-27 |
CN107250854A (zh) | 2017-10-13 |
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