EP3221483A1 - Höchstfester lufthärtender mehrphasenstahl mit hervorragenden verarbeitungseigenschaften und verfahren zur herstellung eines bandes aus diesem stahl - Google Patents
Höchstfester lufthärtender mehrphasenstahl mit hervorragenden verarbeitungseigenschaften und verfahren zur herstellung eines bandes aus diesem stahlInfo
- Publication number
- EP3221483A1 EP3221483A1 EP15821018.7A EP15821018A EP3221483A1 EP 3221483 A1 EP3221483 A1 EP 3221483A1 EP 15821018 A EP15821018 A EP 15821018A EP 3221483 A1 EP3221483 A1 EP 3221483A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- strip
- content
- air
- hot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 216
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 37
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 19
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 17
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 12
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 8
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- -1 chromium carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000885 Dual-phase steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VCTOKJRTAUILIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);sulfide Chemical class [S-2].[Mn+2] VCTOKJRTAUILIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219307 Atriplex rosea Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000915 Free machining steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001474791 Proboscis Species 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Zn] Chemical compound [Mg].[Zn] PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N alpha-irone Chemical compound CC1CC=C(C)C(\C=C\C(C)=O)C1(C)C JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZDVYABSQRRRIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;iron Chemical compound [Fe]#B ZDVYABSQRRRIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl Chemical class [P]=O LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010731 rolling oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=S CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019587 texture Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/84—Controlled slow cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/007—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Co
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a high-strength air-hardenable multiphase steel with excellent processing properties according to claim 1.
- Advantageous developments are the subject matter of subclaims 2 to 22.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a hot and / or cold rolled strip of such a steel and its remuneration by means of air hardening and optional tempering, according to the claims 23 to 30, and a steel strip, produced by this method, according to the claims 31 to 37.
- the invention relates to steels having a tensile strength in the range of at least 950 MPa in the un-tempered state for the manufacture of components having improved formability (such as increased hole widening and bending angle) and improved welding properties.
- High to ultra-high strength steels must therefore meet relatively high requirements in terms of strength and ductility, energy absorption and processing, such as stamping, hot and cold forming, thermal quenching (e.g., air hardening, press hardening), welding and / or surface treatment, e.g. a metallic finish, organic coating or paint, are sufficient.
- energy absorption and processing such as stamping, hot and cold forming, thermal quenching (e.g., air hardening, press hardening), welding and / or surface treatment, e.g. a metallic finish, organic coating or paint, are sufficient.
- Newly developed steels must therefore, in addition to the required weight reduction due to reduced sheet thicknesses, meet the increasing material requirements for yield strength,
- Processing properties such as formability and weldability, provide.
- Hole expanding capability is a material property that describes the resistance of the material to crack initiation and crack propagation during forming operations in near edge areas, such as collaring.
- the Lochetzweite Basket is normatively regulated, for example, in ISO 16630.
- prefabricated, for example punched in a sheet holes are widened by means of a mandrel.
- the measured variable is the change in the hole diameter relative to the initial diameter at which the first crack occurs at the edge of the hole through the metal sheet.
- An improved edge crack resistance means an increased formability of the sheet edges and can be described by an increased Lochetzweitq.
- the determination of the bending angle (a) is e.g. on the
- the above-mentioned properties are important for components which, before tempering, e.g. be converted by air tempering with optional tempering to very complex components.
- Carbon equivalent achieved. Synonyms such as “unterDeritektisch” (UP) and the already known “Low Carbon Equivalent” (LCE) stand for this.
- the carbon content is usually less than 0, 120 wt .-%.
- the failure behavior or the fracture pattern of the weld can be improved by alloying with micro-alloying elements.
- High-strength components must have sufficient resistance to embrittlement of the material compared to hydrogen. Testing the durability of
- AHSS Advanced High Strength Steels
- the bainite can be present in different forms, such as upper and lower bainite.
- Yield ratio with simultaneously very high tensile strength, strong strain hardening and good cold workability, are well known, but are often no longer sufficient with increasingly complex component geometries.
- the group of multiphase steels is increasingly used.
- the multiphase steels include e.g. Complex-phase steels, ferritic-bainitic steels, TRIP steels, as well as the previously described dual-phase steels, which are characterized by different microstructural compositions.
- Complex-phase steels are, according to EN 10346, steels which contain small amounts of martensite, retained austenite and / or pearlite in a ferritic / bainitic matrix, due to delayed recrystallization or precipitations of
- Micro-alloying a strong grain refinement is effected.
- Ferritic-bainitic steels are according to EN 10346 steels containing bainite or solidified bainite in a matrix of ferrite and / or solidified ferrite.
- the strength of the matrix is characterized by a high dislocation density, by grain refining and the excretion of
- Dual-phase steels are, according to EN 10346, steels with a ferritic basic structure, in which a martensitic second phase is insular, occasionally also with proportions of bainite as second phase. At high tensile strength, dual phase steels exhibit a low yield ratio and high work hardening.
- TRIP steels are steels with a predominantly ferritic basic structure, in which bainite and retained austenite are embedded, which can convert to martensite during the transformation (TRIP effect). Because of its high work hardening, the steel achieves high levels of uniform elongation and tensile strength. In conjunction with the bake Hardening effect high component strengths are achievable. These steels are suitable both for stretch drawing and deep drawing. However, material conversion requires higher blankholder forces and press forces. A comparatively strong springback must be considered.
- the high strength steels with single phase structure include e.g. bainitic and
- Bainitic steels are according to EN 10346 steels, which are characterized by a very high yield strength and tensile strength at a sufficiently high elongation for cold forming processes
- the microstructure typically consists of bainite. Occasionally small amounts of other phases, such as e.g. Martensite and ferrite may be included.
- Martensitic steels are, according to EN 10346, steels which contain small amounts of ferrite and / or bainite in a matrix of martensite due to thermomechanical rolling. This steel grade is characterized by a very high yield strength and tensile strength at a sufficiently high elongation for cold forming processes. Within the group of multiphase steels, the martensitic steels have the highest tensile strength values. The suitability for thermoforming is limited. The martensitic steels are mainly suitable for bending forming processes, such as roll forming.
- High-strength and ultrahigh-strength multiphase steels are used, among others, in structural, chassis and crash-relevant components, as sheet metal blanks, tailored blanks (welded blanks) and as flexibly cold-rolled strips, so-called TRB ® s or tailored strips.
- Weight reduction through a load-adapted sheet thickness over the component length and / or steel grade there is a special heat treatment for the defined structure adjustment, where, for example, by comparatively soft components such as ferrite or bainitic ferrite, the steel its low yield strength and its hard
- Ingredients such as martensite or carbon-rich bainite, maintains its strength.
- Cooling rate (cooling gradient), adjusted according to the required mechanical properties with the necessary structure.
- the pickled hot strip is heated in typical thicknesses of 1.50 to 4.00 mm or cold strip in typical thicknesses of 0.50 to 3.00 mm in a continuous annealing furnace to a temperature such that during the
- Constant temperature is difficult to achieve, especially with different thicknesses in the transition region from one band to the other band. This can be done
- Alloy compositions with too small process windows in the continuous annealing lead to e.g. the thinner belt is either driven too slowly through the furnace, reducing productivity, or driving the thicker belt through the furnace too quickly and not achieving the necessary annealing temperatures and cooling gradients to achieve the desired texture.
- the consequences are increased rejects and high costs of incorrect services.
- Expanded process windows are necessary so that the required strip properties are possible with the same process parameters even with larger cross-sectional changes of the strips to be annealed.
- Annealing treatment when load-optimized components are to be produced from hot strip or cold strip which have varying strip thicknesses over the strip length and bandwidth (eg due to flexible rolling).
- TRB ® s with multi-phase structure is possible with today's known alloys and available continuous annealing plants for widely varying strip thicknesses but not without additional effort, such as an additional heat treatment before cold rolling (hot strip soft annealing).
- hot strip soft annealing In areas of different strip thickness, ie in the presence of different Kaltabwalzgrade a homogeneous multi-phase microstructure in cold- as well as hot-rolled steel strips can be adjusted due to a temperature gradient occurring in the usual alloy-specific narrow process windows.
- a method for producing a steel strip of different thickness over the strip length is described e.g. described in DE 100 37 867 A1.
- the annealing treatment is usually carried out in a continuous annealing furnace upstream of the hot dip bath.
- the required microstructure is occasionally adjusted depending on the alloy concept only during the annealing treatment in the continuous annealing furnace in order to realize the required mechanical properties.
- Crucial process parameters are thus the setting of the annealing temperature and the speed, as well as the cooling rate (cooling gradient) in the
- Thickness changes without adjusting the process parameters to be able to set uniform mechanical properties over the tape length.
- Cross-sectional areas can be displayed, so that for different strength classes and / or cross-sectional areas altered alloy concepts are necessary.
- Carbon equivalent is an important criterion.
- CEV (IIW) C + Mn / 6 + (Cu + Ni) / 15 + (Cr + Mo + V) / 5
- PCM C + (Mn + Cu + Cr) / 20 + Ni / 60 + Mo / 15 + V / 10 + 5 B the characteristic standard elements, such as carbon and manganese, and chromium or molybdenum and vanadium considered (contents in wt .-%).
- a low yield ratio (Re / Rm) in a strength range above 950 MPa in the initial state is typical for a dual-phase steel and is primarily used for
- Yield limit ratios represent a greater safety margin for component failure.
- a higher yield ratio (Re / Rm), as is typical for complex phase steels, is also characterized by a high resistance to edge cracks. This is due to the lesser differences in the strengths and hardnesses of each
- Microstructure constituents and the finer structure which has a favorable effect on a homogeneous deformation in the area of the cutting edge.
- Minimum tensile strength of 950 MPa is very diverse and shows very large
- Alloying ranges in the strength-enhancing elements carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, nitrogen, aluminum and chromium and / or molybdenum as well as in the addition of microalloys, such as titanium, niobium, vanadium and boron.
- the range of dimensions in this strength range is broad and ranges from about 0.50 to about 4.00 mm in thickness for tapes intended for continuous annealing.
- the starting material can be hot strip, cold rolled hot strip and cold strip. There are mainly bands up to 1600 mm width application, but also Slit strip dimensions that result from longitudinal splitting of the strips. Sheets or sheets are made by cutting the strips.
- the air-hardenable steel grades known, for example, from the specifications EP 1 807 544 B1, WO 201 1/000351 and EP 2 227 574 B1 with minimum tensile strengths of 800 (LH®800) or 900 MPa (LH®900) in hot-rolled or cold-rolled design are characterized by their very good formability in the soft state (thermoforming properties) and by their high strength after heat treatment (tempering).
- the structure of the steel is converted by heating in the austenitic region, preferably at temperatures above 950 ° C under a protective gas atmosphere. During the subsequent cooling in air or inert gas, the formation of a martensitic microstructure for a high-strength component takes place.
- the subsequent tempering makes it possible to reduce residual stresses in the hardened component. At the same time the hardness of the component is reduced so that the required
- Toughness values can be achieved.
- the invention is therefore based on the object, a new cost-effective
- the Schmelztauchveredelung the steel is to be ensured and a method for producing a strip made from this steel can be specified.
- this object is achieved by a steel having the following chemical composition in wt .-%: c> 0.075 to ⁇ 0.1 15
- Hot dip galvanizing e.g., hot dip galvanizing
- the microstructure consists of the main phases of ferrite and martensite and of the secondary phase bainite which determines the improved mechanical properties of the steel.
- the steel according to the invention is distinguished by low carbon equivalents and, in the case of the carbon equivalent CEV (NW), is dependent on the thickness of the sheet metal on the addition of max. 0.66%, so that excellent weldability and the other specific properties described below can be achieved.
- CEV (IIW) value of max. 0.62%
- sheet thicknesses up to 2.00 mm a value of max. 0.64% and above 2.00 mm a value of max. 0.66%
- the steel according to the invention can be produced in a wide range of hot rolling parameters, for example with coiling temperatures above the bainite start temperature (variant A).
- the bainite start temperature variant A
- Process control are set a microstructure, which allows the
- the steel according to the invention is very well suited as a starting material for a
- Hot dip finishing and has a significantly increased process window compared to the known steels by the sum-related amount of Mn, Si and Cr added according to the invention as a function of the strip thickness to be produced.
- the steel strip according to the invention can be used as cold and hot strip and as
- steel strips can be produced by an intercritical annealing between A c i and Ac 3 or in the case of an austenitizing annealing via A C 3 with finally controlled cooling, which leads to a dual or multi-phase structure.
- Annealing temperatures of about 700 to 950 ° C have proved to be advantageous.
- Hot dipping there are different approaches for a heat treatment.
- the strip is cooled starting from the annealing temperature at a cooling rate of about 15 to 100 ° C / s to an intermediate temperature of about 160 to 250 ° C.
- a cooling rate of about 15 to 100 ° C / s to an intermediate temperature of about 160 to 250 ° C.
- FIG. 6a
- Cooling rate of about 2 to 30 ° C / s (see method 2, Figure 6b).
- the second variant of the temperature control in the hot dip finishing includes holding the temperature for about 1 to 20 seconds at the intermediate temperature of about 200 to 350 ° C and then reheating to the temperature required for hot dipping refinement of about 400 to 470 ° C.
- the strip is cooled after refining to about 200 to 250 ° C.
- the cooling to room temperature is again with a
- Cooling rate of about 2 to 30 ° C / s (see method 3, Figure 6c).
- Material characteristic is also that the addition of manganese with increasing weight percent of the ferrite is shifted to longer times and lower temperatures during cooling. Depending on the process parameters, the proportions of ferrite are more or less reduced by increased amounts of bainite.
- the carbon equivalent can be reduced, thereby improving weldability and avoiding excessive weld hardening. In resistance spot welding, moreover, the electrode life can be significantly increased.
- Bealeitiata are elements that are already present in iron ore, or
- Hydrogen (H) can be the only element that can diffuse through the iron lattice without creating lattice strains. As a result, the hydrogen in the iron grid is relatively mobile and can be absorbed relatively easily during the processing of the steel. Hydrogen can only be taken up in atomic (ionic) form in the iron lattice.
- Hydrogen has a strong embrittlement and preferably diffuses to energy-favorable sites (defects, grain boundaries, etc.). In this case, defects act as hydrogen traps and can significantly increase the residence time of the hydrogen in the material.
- a more uniform structure also reduces the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement.
- Oxygen (O) In the molten state, the steel has a relatively high absorption capacity for gases. At room temperature, however, oxygen is only soluble in very small quantities. Similar to hydrogen, oxygen can only diffuse into the material in atomic form. Due to the strong embrittling effect and the negative effects on the aging resistance, as much as possible is attempted during production to reduce the oxygen content.
- Phosphorus (P) is a trace element from iron ore and is found in iron lattice as
- Grain boundary fractures In addition, phosphorus increases the transition temperature from tough to brittle behavior up to 300 ° C. During hot rolling can
- phosphorus is used as a micro-alloying element in small quantities ( ⁇ 0.1% by weight) due to its low cost and high strength increase, for example in higher-strength IF steels (interstitial free), bake hardening steels or even in some alloying concepts for dual phase steels.
- higher-strength IF steels interstitial free
- bake hardening steels or even in some alloying concepts for dual phase steels.
- Phosphorus as a mixed crystal formers use, inter alia, that phosphorus is not alloyed but is set as low as possible.
- the phosphorus content in the steel according to the invention is limited to unavoidable amounts in steelmaking.
- S sulfur
- MnS manganese sulfide
- the sulfur content in the steel according to the invention is limited to ⁇ 0.0030% by weight, advantageously ⁇ 0.0025% by weight or optimally to ⁇ 0.0020% by weight or amounts unavoidable in steelmaking ,
- Leaierunasetti are usually added to the steel in order to influence specific properties.
- An alloying element in different steels can influence different properties. The effect generally depends strongly on the amount and the solution state in the material.
- Carbon (C) is considered the most important alloying element in steel. Through its targeted introduction of up to 2.06 wt .-% iron is only for steel. Often the carbon content is drastically lowered during steelmaking. In the case of dual-phase steels for continuous hot-dip finishing, its proportion is in accordance with EN 10346 or
- VDA 239-100 maximum 0.230 wt .-%, a minimum value is not specified.
- the solubility is 0.02% maximum in ⁇ -iron and 2.06% maximum in ⁇ -iron.
- Carbon in solute significantly increases the hardenability of steel and is therefore essential for the formation of a sufficient amount of martensite.
- excessive carbon contents increase the hardness difference between ferrite and martensite and limit weldability.
- the steel according to the invention contains carbon contents of less than or equal to 0.1 15 wt .-%.
- Austenite area to lower temperatures shows. As the constrained carbon content in martensite increases, the lattice distortions and, associated therewith, the strength of the diffusion-free phase are increased. Carbon also forms carbides. A structural phase that occurs in almost every steel is the cementite (Fe 3 C). However, significantly harder special carbides may form with other metals such as chromium, titanium, niobium, vanadium. Not only the species but also the distribution and size of the precipitates is of crucial importance for the resulting increase in strength. On the one hand sufficient strength and on the other hand a good weldability, improved hole widening, an improved bending angle and a sufficient resistance against
- the minimum C content is set to 0.075 wt% and the maximum C content is 0.1 to 15 wt%, with cross-sectional dependent levels being advantageous
- Silicon (S) binds oxygen during casting and is therefore used for reassurance during the deoxidation of the steel.
- the Seigerungskostory is significantly lower than z.
- Seigerept generally lead to a line arrangement of the structural components, which the forming properties, eg. B. the hole widening and bending ability,
- Tensile strenght The elongation at break decreases by about 2%. The latter is partly due to the fact that silicon reduces the solubility of carbon in the ferrite and increases the activity of carbon in the ferrite, thus preventing the formation of carbides, which reduce the ductility as brittle phases, which in turn improves the formability. Due to the low strength-increasing effect of silicon within the span of the
- Steel according to the invention provides the basis for a broad process window. Another important effect is that silicon shifts the formation of ferrite to shorter times and temperatures and thus the formation of sufficient ferrite before
- Hot rolling thereby provides a basis for improved cold rollability.
- the accelerated ferrite formation enriches the austenite with carbon and stabilizes it. Since silicon hinders carbide formation, the austenite is additionally stabilized. Thus, the accelerated cooling can suppress the formation of bainite in favor of martensite.
- Hot-dip coating plant a reduction of iron oxide, which is eg during Cold rolling or can form on the surface as a result of storage at room temperature.
- oxygen-sensitive alloying constituents such as silicon, manganese, chromium, boron
- the gas atmosphere is oxidative, with the result that segregation and selective oxidation of these elements can occur.
- the selective oxidation can take place both externally, that is on the substrate surface, and internally within the metallic matrix.
- silicon diffuses during the annealing to the surface and forms oxides on the steel surface alone or together with manganese. These oxides can prevent the contact between substrate and melt and the
- Zinc alloy layer on the steel substrate can be reduced.
- the above-mentioned mechanisms can also apply to pickled hot-rolled strip or cold-rolled hot-rolled strip, respectively.
- the internal oxidation of the alloying elements can be achieved by adjusting the internal oxidation of the alloying elements
- Oxygen partial pressure of the furnace atmosphere (N 2 -H 2 -Schutzgasatmospreheat) are selectively influenced.
- the set oxygen partial pressure must satisfy the following equation, with the furnace temperature between 700 and 950 ° C. -12> Log p0 2 > - ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ , ⁇ - ' ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ B f '
- Si, Mn, Cr, B denote the corresponding alloying proportions in the steel in wt .-% and p0 2 the oxygen partial pressure in mbar.
- the furnace area consists of a combination of a direct fired furnace (DFF) and a subsequent radiant tube furnace (see process 2 in Figure 6b)
- DFF direct fired furnace
- a subsequent radiant tube furnace see process 2 in Figure 6b
- selective oxidation can be used also influence the alloying elements via the gas atmospheres of the furnace areas.
- the combustion reaction in the NOF can be used to adjust the oxygen partial pressure and thus the oxidation potential for iron and the alloying elements. This should be adjusted so that the oxidation of the alloying elements is internally below the
- the set oxygen partial pressure in this furnace area must satisfy the following equation, with the furnace temperature between 700 and 950 ° C.
- Si, Mn, Cr, B denote the corresponding alloying proportions in the steel in wt .-% and p0 2 the oxygen partial pressure in mbar.
- Galvanization chosen (see method 1 in Figure 6a), no special precautions are necessary to ensure the galvanic nature. It is known that the galvanizing of higher-alloyed steels is much easier to realize by electrolytic deposition than by continuous hot-dip processes. In electrolytic galvanizing, pure zinc is deposited directly on the strip surface. In order not to hinder the electron flow between the steel strip and the zinc ions and thus the zinc plating, it must be ensured that no surface-covering oxide layer is present on the strip surface. This condition is usually ensured by a standard reducing atmosphere during annealing and pre-cleaning prior to electrolysis.
- the minimum silicon content is set to 0.400 wt .-% and the maximum silicon content to 0.500 wt .-%.
- Manganese (Mn ⁇ ) is added to almost all steels for desulfurization to convert the harmful sulfur into manganese sulphides
- Solid solution solidifies the strength of the ferrite and shifts the a / y conversion to lower temperatures.
- Diffusion hindrance shifts the pearlite and bainite transformation to longer times and reduces the martensite start temperature.
- manganese increases the hardness ratio between martensite and ferrite.
- the line of the structure is reinforced.
- a high hardness difference between the phases and the formation of Martensitzeilen result in a lower Lochaufweitstory, which is equivalent to an increased edge crack sensitivity.
- manganese tends to form oxides on the steel surface during annealing.
- other alloying elements in particular silicon and aluminum
- MnO manganese
- / or Mn mixed oxides eg Mn2Si0 4
- Si / Mn or Al / Mn ratio manganese is less critical because globular oxides rather than oxide films are formed.
- high levels of manganese can negatively affect the appearance of the zinc layer and zinc adhesion.
- Hot-dip coating reduces the formation of Mn oxides or Mn mixed oxides on the steel surface after annealing.
- the manganese content is determined for the reasons mentioned to 1, 900 to 2.350 wt .-%.
- the manganese content is preferably in a range between> 1.900 and ⁇ 2.200 wt .-%, with strip thicknesses of 1.00 to 2.00 mm between> 2.050 and ⁇ 2.250 wt. % and at belt thicknesses over 2.00 mm between> 2, 100 wt .-% and ⁇ 2.350 wt .-%.
- Another peculiarity of the invention is that the variation of the manganese content can be compensated by simultaneously changing the silicon content.
- the coefficients of manganese and silicon are approximately the same for both the yield strength and the tensile strength, which gives the possibility of substitution of manganese by silicon.
- chromium even in small amounts in dissolved form, can considerably increase the hardenability of steel.
- chromium causes particle hardening with appropriate temperature control in the form of chromium carbides. The associated increase in the number of seed sites with simultaneously reduced content of carbon leads to a reduction in the hardenability.
- chromium In dual phase steels, the addition of chromium mainly improves the hardenability. Chromium, when dissolved, shifts perlite and bainite transformation to longer times, while decreasing the martensite start temperature.
- chromium increases the tempering resistance significantly, so that there is almost no loss of strength in the hot dip.
- Chromium is also a carbide former. If chromium-iron mixed carbides are present, the austenitizing temperature must be set high enough before hardening to allow the austenitizing temperature
- Chromium also tends to form oxides on the steel surface during the annealing treatment, which may degrade the hot dipping quality.
- Hot dip coating reduces the formation of Cr oxides or Cr mixed oxides on the steel surface after annealing.
- the chromium content is therefore set at levels of 0.200 to 0.500 wt .-%.
- Molybdenum (Mo): The addition of molybdenum leads, similar to that of chromium and manganese, to improve hardenability. The pearlite and bainite transformation is postponed to longer times and the martensite start temperature is lowered. At the same time molybdenum is a strong karsentpellner, the finely divided Mischkarbide, u.a. also with titanium. Molybdenum also increases the tempering resistance significantly, so that in the hot dip no
- Molybdenum also works by solid solution hardening, but is less effective than manganese and silicon.
- the content of molybdenum is therefore adjusted between 0.200 to 0.300 wt .-%.
- Hot dip has proven to be advantageous for the inventive alloy concept a Summengehalt of Mo + Cr of ⁇ 0.725 wt .-%.
- Copper (Cu): The addition of copper can increase the tensile strength and hardenability. In combination with nickel, chromium and phosphorus, copper can form a protective oxide layer on the surface, which can significantly reduce the corrosion rate.
- copper When combined with oxygen, copper can form harmful oxides at the grain boundaries, which can be detrimental to hot working processes in particular.
- the content of copper is therefore fixed at ⁇ 0.050% by weight and thus limited to quantities that are unavoidable in steel production.
- Vanadium (V) Since addition of vanadium is not necessary in the present alloy concept, the content of vanadium is limited to unavoidable steel-accompanying amounts.
- Aluminum (A ⁇ ) is usually added to the steel to bind the dissolved oxygen in the iron and nitrogen. Oxygen and nitrogen become so into aluminum oxides and
- Seed points cause a grain refining and so the toughness properties as well
- Titanium nitrides have a lower enthalpy of formation and become higher
- the aluminum content is therefore limited to 0.005 to a maximum of 0.060 wt .-% and is added to calm the steel.
- Niobium (Nb) Niobium has different effects in steel. When hot rolling in the
- Recrystallization whereby the seed density is increased and after the conversion a finer grain is formed.
- the proportion of dissolved niobium also inhibits recrystallization.
- the excretions increase the strength of the final product.
- These can be carbides or carbonitrides. Often these are mixed carbides in which titanium is also incorporated. This effect begins at 0.005 wt .-% and is from 0.010 wt .-% niobium on
- Nitrogen has an affinity to nitrogen, so the nitrogen must first be set, preferably by the stoichiometrically required amount of titanium.
- Hot-dip coating to form oxides or mixed oxides, which deteriorate the quality of galvanizing.
- the above measures for adjusting the furnace areas in continuous hot dip coating reduce the formation of oxides on the steel surface.
- Alloy concept set to values of 5 to 30 ppm, advantageously to ⁇ 25 or optimally to ⁇ 20 ppm.
- Nitrogen ( ⁇ can be both alloying element and accompanying element from the
- Micro alloying elements titanium and niobium fine grain hardening over titanium nitrides and niobium (karbo) nitrides can be achieved.
- the N content is therefore set to values of> 0.0020 to ⁇ 0.0120 wt .-%.
- niobium and titanium contents of ⁇ 0.100% by weight have proven to be advantageous and, because of the principle interchangeability of niobium and titanium, up to a minimum niobium content of 10 ppm and for cost reasons, particularly advantageous
- Calcium (Ca) An addition of calcium in the form of calcium-silicon mixed compounds causes deoxidation and desulfurization of the molten phase during steelmaking. Thus, reaction products are transferred to the slag and the steel is cleaned. The increased purity leads to better properties according to the invention in the end product.
- the annealing temperatures for the dual-phase structure to be achieved are for the
- the pass-annealed and occasionally hot-dip refined material can be used as both
- Steel strips in the present case as hot strip, cold rolled hot strip or cold strip, from the alloy composition according to the invention are also distinguished by a high edge crack resistance in further processing.
- Rolling direction are advantageous for later material use.
- the cutting of blanks from a strip regardless of the rolling direction take place and the waste can be minimized.
- the hot strip according to the invention with final rolling temperatures in the austenitic region above ⁇ ⁇ 3 and reel temperatures above the
- Bainite start temperature generated (variant A).
- the hot strip is produced according to the invention with final rolling temperatures in the austenitic region above ⁇ ⁇ 3 and reeling temperatures below the bainite start temperature
- Time-temperature profile (schematic) of the process steps hot rolling and cold rolling (optional) as well as continuous annealing, component production, tempering (air hardening) and tempering (optional) by way of example for the steel according to the invention
- Figure 1 shows schematically the process chain for the production of a strip of the steel according to the invention. Shown are the different process routes relating to the invention. Until hot rolling (final rolling temperature), the process route is the same for all steels according to the invention, after which deviating process routes take place, depending on the desired results.
- the pickled hot strip can be galvanized or cold rolled and galvanized with different degrees of rolling.
- soft annealed hot strip or annealed cold strip can be cold rolled and galvanized.
- Material can also be optionally processed without hot dip finishing, i. only in the context of a continuous annealing with and without subsequent electrolytic
- a tempering stage can complete the thermal treatment of the component.
- Figure 2 shows schematically the time-temperature profile of the process steps hot rolling and continuous annealing of strips of the alloy composition according to the invention. Shown is the time- and temperature-dependent transformation for the hot rolling process as well as for a heat treatment after cold rolling, component manufacturing, tempering and optional tempering.
- Figure 3 shows in the upper half of the table, the chemical composition of
- the alloys according to the invention have, in particular, significantly increased contents of Si and lower contents of Cr and no addition of V.
- FIG. 4 shows the mechanical characteristic values along the rolling direction of the steels investigated, with target characteristic values to be achieved for the air-hardened state (FIG. 4a), which were determined Values in the non-air-hardened initial state (FIG. 4b) and in the air-cured state (FIG. 4c). The given values to be reached are safely reached.
- FIG. 5 shows results of the hole expansion tests according to ISO 16630 (absolute values). The results of the hole expansion tests for variant A are shown
- the tested materials have a sheet thickness of 1, 2 or 2.0 mm.
- the results apply to the test according to ISO 16630.
- Process 2 corresponds to annealing, for example, on a hot-dip galvanizing combined direct-fired furnace and radiant tube furnace, as described in FIG. 6b.
- the method 3 corresponds for example to a process management in one
- a reheating of the steel can be achieved optionally directly in front of the zinc bath.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows three variants of the temperature-time profiles according to the invention in the annealing treatment and cooling and in each case different
- Process 1 shows the annealing and cooling of the cold or hot rolled or post cold rolled steel strip produced in a continuous annealing line.
- the tape is heated to a temperature in the range of about 700 to 950 ° C (Ac1 to Ac3).
- the annealed steel strip is then cooled from the annealing temperature with a cooling rate between about 15 and 100 ° C / s up to an intermediate temperature (ZT) of about 200 to 250 ° C.
- ZT intermediate temperature
- a second intermediate temperature about 300 to 500 ° C
- the steel strip is cooled at a cooling rate between about 2 and 30 ° C / s until reaching room temperature (RT) in air or the cooling at a cooling rate between about 15 and 100 ° C / s is maintained up to room temperature ,
- the process 2 ( Figure 6b) shows the process according to method 1, but the cooling of the steel strip for the purpose of a hot dip finishing is briefly interrupted when passing through the hot dipping vessel, then the cooling with a
- Cooling rate between about 15 and 100 ° C / s continue to an intermediate temperature of about 200 to 250 ° C. Subsequently, the steel strip with a
- Cooling rate between about 2 and 30 ° C / s cooled to room temperature in air.
- Process 3 also shows the process according to process 1 in a hot dipping refinement, but the cooling of the steel strip is effected by a short pause (about 1 to 20 s) at an intermediate temperature in the range of about 200 to 400 ° C
- Example 1 (cold-rolled strip) (alloy composition in% by weight)
- the steel according to the invention has, after the annealing, a microstructure consisting of martensite, bainite and retained austenite.
- This steel shows the following characteristic values after air hardening (initial values in parentheses, undamaged condition):
- Example 2 (cold-rolled strip) (alloy composition in% by weight)
- the hot-dip coated steel was analogous to a
- Transport time max. 5 s (without energy supply)
- the steel according to the invention has, after the annealing, a microstructure consisting of martensite, bainite and retained austenite.
- This steel shows the following characteristic values after air hardening (initial values in parentheses, undamaged condition):
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EP3825433A4 (de) * | 2018-08-22 | 2021-05-26 | JFE Steel Corporation | Hochfestes stahlblech und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
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DE102017123236A1 (de) | 2017-10-06 | 2019-04-11 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Höchstfester Mehrphasenstahl und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stahlbandes aus diesem Mehrphasenstahl |
DE102017131253A1 (de) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erzeugen metallischer Bauteile mit angepassten Bauteileigenschaften |
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-
2014
- 2014-11-18 DE DE102014017274.0A patent/DE102014017274A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-11-06 EP EP15821018.7A patent/EP3221483B1/de active Active
- 2015-11-06 WO PCT/DE2015/100474 patent/WO2016078644A1/de active Application Filing
- 2015-11-06 MX MX2017006374A patent/MX2017006374A/es unknown
- 2015-11-06 KR KR1020177015846A patent/KR20170084210A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-11-06 CN CN201580073755.7A patent/CN107208232B/zh active Active
- 2015-11-06 US US15/528,021 patent/US10626478B2/en active Active
- 2015-11-06 RU RU2017120860A patent/RU2721767C2/ru active
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3825432A4 (de) * | 2018-08-22 | 2021-05-26 | JFE Steel Corporation | Hochfestes stahlblech und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
EP3825433A4 (de) * | 2018-08-22 | 2021-05-26 | JFE Steel Corporation | Hochfestes stahlblech und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
EP3950994A4 (de) * | 2019-03-28 | 2022-11-30 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Ultrahochfestes stahlblech |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2016078644A1 (de) | 2016-05-26 |
US10626478B2 (en) | 2020-04-21 |
CN107208232A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
CN107208232B (zh) | 2019-02-26 |
MX2017006374A (es) | 2018-02-16 |
US20190316222A1 (en) | 2019-10-17 |
RU2721767C2 (ru) | 2020-05-22 |
RU2017120860A3 (de) | 2019-07-26 |
KR20170084210A (ko) | 2017-07-19 |
EP3221483B1 (de) | 2020-05-06 |
DE102014017274A1 (de) | 2016-05-19 |
RU2017120860A (ru) | 2018-12-19 |
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