EP3216735A1 - Ouverture pulsé de frein d'ascenseur permettant l'évacuation de passagers - Google Patents

Ouverture pulsé de frein d'ascenseur permettant l'évacuation de passagers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3216735A1
EP3216735A1 EP16159692.9A EP16159692A EP3216735A1 EP 3216735 A1 EP3216735 A1 EP 3216735A1 EP 16159692 A EP16159692 A EP 16159692A EP 3216735 A1 EP3216735 A1 EP 3216735A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
opening device
elevator
electric brake
pulse
pulse electric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16159692.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Amit BHOR
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inventio AG
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Inventio AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inventio AG filed Critical Inventio AG
Priority to EP16159692.9A priority Critical patent/EP3216735A1/fr
Publication of EP3216735A1 publication Critical patent/EP3216735A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B66B1/24—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration
    • B66B1/28—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical
    • B66B1/32—Control systems with regulation, i.e. with retroactive action, for influencing travelling speed, acceleration, or deceleration electrical effective on braking devices, e.g. acting on electrically controlled brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/027—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions to permit passengers to leave an elevator car in case of failure, e.g. moving the car to a reference floor or unlocking the door

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to elevators and, more particularly, to an apparatus and method for use during for a power outage to open the elevator brakes so as to permit the imbalance of mass between the elevator car and the counterweight to move the elevator to the nearest landing so that any passengers within the elevator car can be evacuated.
  • a conventional traction elevator typically comprises a car, a counterweight and traction means such as a rope, cable or belt interconnecting the car and the counterweight.
  • the traction means passes around and engages with a traction sheave which is driven by a motor.
  • the motor and the traction sheave rotate concurrently to drive the traction means, and thereby the interconnected car and counterweight, along an elevator hoistway.
  • At least one brake is employed in association with the motor or the traction sheave to stop the elevator and to keep the elevator stationary within the hoistway.
  • a controller supervises movement of the elevator in response to travel requests or calls input by passengers.
  • the brakes must satisfy strict regulations. For example, both European Standard EN 81-1:1998 and the ASME A17.1-2000 code in the United States state that the elevator brake must be capable of stopping the motor when the elevator car is travelling downward at rated speed and with the rated load plus 25 %.
  • the elevator brake is typically installed in two sets so that if one of the brake sets is in anyway faulty, the other brake set still develops sufficient braking force to slow down an elevator car travelling at rated speed and with rated load.
  • the elevator brakes engage with a rotating component of the motor such as a brake drum or brake discs mounted for concurrent rotation of the motor shaft.
  • a rotating component of the motor such as a brake drum or brake discs mounted for concurrent rotation of the motor shaft.
  • Each brake normally has a brake pad that is spring biased towards the surface of the brake drum or disc.
  • an electromagnet may be arranged within the brake so that when the coil of the electromagnet is energised it exerts a force on the brake pad to counteract the spring bias and release or disengage the brake pad from the brake drum or disc.
  • the brake is released or disengaged by supplying electricity to the brake coil through a power supply circuit.
  • the brake is engaged by disconnecting the power supply circuit from the brake coil for example with a relay or contactor arranged within the circuit.
  • a pulse electric brake opening device typically housed in a control cabinet at one of the landings of the installation, can be activated so that a series of electrical pulses are supplied to the brake coils from a mains-independent power supply. On each such electrical pulse, the brakes are opened and the car can move under the gravitational influence of the imbalance between the mass of the car and that of the counterweight. This procedure can be repeated until the elevator car comes into alignment with a landing, at which point the landing and car doors can be opened and the passengers can alight.
  • PEBO pulse electric brake opening device
  • An objective of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned drawback by providing an apparatus and method for pulsed opening of the elevator brake to enable passenger evacuation during power disruption.
  • the invention provides an adapter configured to be inserted across at least one output of a pulse electric brake opening device used during power disruption to open at least one elevator brake, the adapter comprising at least one flywheel diode configured for anti-parallel arrangement with an output of the pulse electric brake opening device.
  • the purpose of the flywheel diode is to eliminate back EMF from the brake coil and to continue circulation of current in the brake coil when each electrical pulse from the pulse electric brake opening device ends.
  • the adapter can be easily fitted or connected to an existing pulse electric brake opening device and provides the benefit that not only is the jerk experienced by passengers during the manual evacuation procedure reduced considerably but also the actual time taken to evacuate the passengers is also greatly reduced.
  • the lifespan of the pulse electric brake opening device itself is increased and additionally there is significantly less energy consumption.
  • the adapter further comprises at least one flywheel diode configured in anti-parallel with all outputs of the pulse electric brake opening device.
  • the adapter is configured to be inserted into an interface of the pulse electric brake opening device.
  • Conventional pulse electric brake opening devices generally already include such an interface to allow maintenance and commissioning engineers to diagnose and test the elevator brakes. Accordingly, there is no requirement to modify or reconfigure the hardware of the opening device.
  • the invention also provides a combination of the adapter described above in combination with a pulse electric brake opening device.
  • the pulse electric brake opening device may include a mains-independent power supply and a pulse generator.
  • mains-independent power supply is intended to mean that the power supply is available even when the commercial mains AC power supply has been disrupted. It may be one or more batteries which in turn can be recharged from the commercial mains AC power supply when available. As fewer pulses are required from the opening device for the evacuation trips using the adapter, there is significantly less energy consumption from the mains-independent power supply.
  • a converter can be provided between the mains-independent power supply and the pulse generator to buck or boost the voltage from the battery to that required by the pulse generator.
  • the pulse electric brake opening device further comprises a manual evacuation switch configured to selectively connect the pulse generator to one or more elevator brake coils. Accordingly, the opening device is inactive and disconnected from the brake coils during normal operating conditions when the commercial mains power supply is available and is only brought into action by the manual evacuation switch when required.
  • a manual evacuation button maybe configured to selectively connect the pulse generator to the mains-independent power supply. Each press of the manual evacuation button will activate the generator to supply a short series of electrical pulses to the brake coils. On each such electrical pulse, the brakes are opened and the car can move under the gravitational influence of the imbalance between the mass of the car and that of the counterweight.
  • each electrical pulse will have a duration of less 500ms and the interval between pulses in less that 2s.
  • the rescue personnel can repeatedly press the manual evacuation button until the elevator car comes into alignment with a landing. At this point, the rescue personnel can remove the adapter, go to the landing adjacent the car level, and manually open the doors to allow any passengers to exit from the car.
  • the invention not only provides for an adapter to connect to an existing pulse electric brake opening device as summarised above, but can be applied internally to the hardware on new pulse electric brake opening devices.
  • a pulse electric brake opening device would be configured to open at least one elevator brake and would include a pulse generator and at least one flywheel diode arranged in anti-parallel with an output of the pulse generator. Again the arrangement provides the benefit that not only is the jerk experienced by passengers during the manual evacuation procedure reduced considerably but also the actual time taken to evacuate the passengers is also greatly reduced.
  • the lifespan of the pulse electric brake opening device itself is increased and additionally there is significantly less energy consumption.
  • the pulse electric brake opening device will comprises at least one flywheel diode arranged in anti-parallel with each output of the pulse generator.
  • the pulse electric brake opening device will typically include a manual evacuation switch to selectively connect the pulse generator to one or more brake coils and a manual evacuation button to selectively connect the pulse generator to a mains-independent power supply.
  • the invention also provided a method for evacuating elevator passengers trapped in an elevator car during power disruption.
  • the method comprises the steps of providing at least one flywheel diode in anti-parallel with a coil of an elevator brake and providing one or more electrical pulses to the coil. On each such electrical pulse, the brakes are opened and the car can move under the gravitational influence of the imbalance between the mass of the car and that of the counterweight.
  • This method provides the benefit that not only is the jerk experienced by passengers during the manual evacuation procedure reduced considerably but also the actual time taken to evacuate the passengers is also greatly reduced.
  • rescue personnel will repeatedly pulse the coil until the elevator car comes into alignment with a landing.
  • the rescue personnel can go to the landing adjacent the car level and manually open the doors to allow any passengers to exit from the car.
  • the elevator is disconnected from the commercial mains AC power supply for the manual evacuation procedure.
  • FIG. 1 A conventional elevator installation 1 for use with the method and apparatus according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the installation 1 is generally defined by a hoistway bound by walls within a building wherein a counterweight 2 and car 4 are movable in opposing directions along guide rails.
  • Suitable traction means 6, such as a rope or belt, supports and interconnects the counterweight 2 and the car 4.
  • the weight of the counterweight 2 is equal to the weight of the car 4 plus 40% of the rated load which can be accommodated within the car 4.
  • the traction means 6 is fastened at one end to the counterweight 2, passed over a traction sheave 8 located in the upper region of the hoistway and fastened to the elevator car 4 at the other end.
  • the counterweight balancing factor can be changed as required to meet particular specifications.
  • the traction sheave 8 is driven via a drive shaft by a motor 12 and braked by at least one elevator brake 14,16.
  • the use of at least two brake sets is compulsory in most jurisdictions (see, for example, European Standard EN81-1:1998 12.4.2.1). Accordingly, the present example utilises two independent, electro-mechanical brakes 14 and 16 to engage with a disc mounted to the drive shaft of the motor 12.
  • the brakes could be arranged to act on a brake drum mounted for concurrent rotation with the drive shaft of the motor 14 as in WO-A2-2007/094777 .
  • the structure and operation of the brakes 14,16 will be described in more detail in the description below of FIGS. 2-6 .
  • the drive FC includes a diode-bridge rectifier 20 which converts AC line voltage into DC voltage on a DC link 22 which would typically include a capacitor to smooth any ripple in the DC voltage output from the rectifier 20.
  • the filtered DC voltage of the DC link 22 is then input to an inverter 24 and converted into AC voltages for the motor 12 by selective operation of a plurality of solid-state switching devices within the inverter 24, such as IGBTs, which are controlled by PWM signals output from a motor controller MC incorporated in the drive FC.
  • the elevator controller EC receives calls placed by passengers on operating panels located on the landings of the building and, optionally, on a panel mounted within the elevator car 4. It will determine the desired elevator trip requirements and, before commencement of the trip, will instruct a brake controller 40 within the drive FC to output a current signal I so as to release the brakes 14,16, and additionally issue a travel command signal C to the motor controller MC which energises and controls the inverter 24 to allow the motor 12 to transport the passengers with the car 4 to the desired destination within the building. Movement of the motor 12, and thereby the elevator car 4, is continually monitored by an encoder 22 mounted on the traction sheave 8 or on the motor shaft. A signal V from the encoder 22 is fed back to the motor control MC permitting it to determine travel parameters of the car 4 such as position, speed and acceleration.
  • brake controller 40 is shown in FIG. 1 as being incorporated within the drive FC, it will be readily appreciated that the brake controller 40 can be housed separately and external to the drive FC or even contained within the elevator controller EC.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustrating the main components of the electro-mechanical brakes 14 and 16 of FIG. 1 .
  • Each brake 14;16 is connected by suitable cabling to a brake controller 40 and includes an actuator 30 and an armature 36 to which a brake lining 38 is mounted.
  • the actuator 30 houses one or more compression springs 32 which are arranged to bias the armature 36 in brake closing direction C towards a brake disc 24 mounted on a drive shaft of the motor 12. Additionally, a brake coil 34 is arranged within the actuator 30. The coil 34, when supplied by current I from the brake controller 40, exerts an electromagnetic force on the armature 36 in the brake opening direction O to counteract the biasing force of the springs 32 and move the armature 36 away from the brake disc 24.
  • FIG. 3 is a topography illustrating the brake controller 40 of FIGS. 1 and 2 in combination with a conventional pulse electric brake opening device (PEBO).
  • PEBO pulse electric brake opening device
  • the pulse electric brake opening device PEBO is typically housed at an accessible location such as in a control cabinet at one of the landings of the elevator installation.
  • the pulse electric brake opening device PEBO includes a mains-independent power supply, in this case a battery 52, which can feed electrical power to a pulse generator 56.
  • An optional converter 54 can be provided if the voltage rating of the battery 52 is significantly different to that of the pulse generator 56.
  • the pulse generator 56 can in turn supply a series of electrical pulses to the brake 34 of each of the brakes 14,16.
  • the pulse electric brake opening device PEBO will also include an interface 58 which allows maintenance and commissioning engineers to diagnose and test the brakes 14,16.
  • the rescue personnel on arrival at the control cabinet would firstly turn off the main power switch JH to the elevator 1 to ensure that the evacuation procedure is not interrupted even if mains power is restored. Then a manual evacuation switch JEM on the pulse electric brake opening device PEBO is turned to its on position thereby closing the circuit between the pulse generator 56 and the brake coils 34. Next a manual evacuation button DEM is pressed to connect the pulse generator 56 to the battery 52. The generator 56 will then supply a series of electrical pulses to the brake coils 34 as illustrated in the graphical representation of FIG. 4 .
  • the brakes are opened and the car can move under the gravitational influence of the imbalance between the mass of the car 4 and that of the counterweight 2.
  • the manual evacuation button DEM can be repeated pressed until the elevator car 4 comes into alignment with a landing which is indicated to the rescue personnel by means of an LED on the pulse electric brake opening device PEBO. At this point, the rescue personnel can go to the landing adjacent the car level, and manually open the doors to allow any passengers to exit from the car 4.
  • the jerk was measured by a sensor within the car 4 as illustrated in FIG. 5 and had an average value of 7m/s 2 .
  • the total distance travelled by the car 4 during this test manual evacuation procedure was recorded as 280mm.
  • the pulse electric brake opening device PEBO was then modified by the insertion of an adapter 60 into the interface 58 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the adapter 60 includes a circuit having two flywheel or flyback diodes 62 such that when the adapter 60 is inserted into the interface 58 both flywheel diodes 62 are connected in anti-parallel across the coil of brake 16.
  • the purpose of the flywheel diode is to eliminate back EMF from the brake coil 34 and to continue circulation of current in the brake coil 34 when each electrical pulse from the pulse 56 generator ends.
  • a second test identical to the first test described above except for the inclusion of the adapter 60 was carried out. Again, the jerk was measured by a sensor within the car 4 as illustrated in FIG. 7 and had an average value of 3.5m/s 2 . The total distance travelled by the car 4 during this test was recorded as 437mm.
  • the jerk is reduced by approximately half, less pulses from the pulse electric brake opening device PEBO are required to rescue passengers from the car 4 and the total time taken to evacuate passengers to the nearest landing is reduced.
  • the pulse electric brake opening device PEBO was then modified by the insertion of an adapter 70 into the interface 58 in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the adapter 70 includes a circuit having two flywheel or flyback diodes 62 however, on this occasion, the adapter 70 is arranged such that when it is inserted into the interface 58 a flywheel diode 62 is connected in anti-parallel across each coil of both brakes 14 and 16.
  • a third comparative test then was conducted. Again, the jerk was measured by a sensor within the car 4 as illustrated in FIG. 9 and had an average value of 3.5m/s 2 . The total distance travelled by the car 4 during this test was recorded as 1547mm.
  • the jerk is reduced by approximately half in comparison to the first test, less pulses from the pulse electric brake opening device PEBO are required to rescue passengers from the car 4 and the total time taken to evacuate passengers to the nearest landing is significantly reduced.
  • Table 1 Characteristic Test 1 (no adapter) Test 2 (adapter 60) Test 3 (adapter 70) Average jerk (m/s 2 ) 7 3.5 3.5 Pulses required for 1500mm travel 27 17 5 Total time to rescue passengers (s) 54 34 10
  • the lifespan of the pulse electric brake opening device PEBO itself is increased and additionally there is significantly less energy consumption from the mains-independent power supply, e.g. battery 50, which in turn will last longer.
  • flywheel diodes 62 can be incorporated internally within new pulse electric brake opening device PEBO designs as illustrated in FIG. 10 to achieve the same results.
  • the flywheel diodes 62 are installed in anti-parallel across the outputs of the pulse generator 56 before the contacts of the manual evacuation switch JEM. As such they do not affect the characteristics of the brakes 14;16 during normal operation as they are disconnected from the brake coils 34 by contacts of the manual evacuation switch JEM.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method according to the invention for evacuating elevator passengers trapped in an elevator car 4 during power disruption. Typically the method would be used in conjunction with one of the apparatuses described above with reference to FIGS. 6-10 .
  • step S1 When, in step S1, a complete power failure or a disruption such as under-voltage occurs with the commercial mains AC power supply L1,L2,L3, the brake contactor or relay BR automatically opens and the brake 14;16 immediately engages to brake the movement of the elevator car 4. If there are passengers trapped in the elevator car 4 they can normally press an emergency button on the car operating panel which will patch them through a remote maintenance centre and a rescue personnel can be dispatched to the affected elevator installation 1.
  • the rescue personnel on arrival at the installation 1 would access the control cabinet and turn off the main power switch JH to the elevator 1 in step S2 to ensure that the evacuation procedure is not interrupted even if mains power is restored.
  • step S3 At least one flywheel diode would be connected in anti-parallel with a coil 34 of an elevator brake 14;16.
  • this step can be accomplished by inserting the respective adapter 60 or 70 into the interface 58 of the pulse electric brake opening device PEBO and subsequently the manual evacuation switch JEM is turned to its on position thereby closing the circuit between the pulse generator 56 and the brake coils 34.
  • the step S3 is achieved automatically on turning the manual evacuation switch JEM to its on position.
  • step S4 the manual evacuation button DEM is pressed to connect the pulse generator 56 to the battery 52.
  • the generator 56 will then supply a series of electrical pulses to the brake coils 34.
  • the brakes 14;16 are opened and the car 4 can move under the gravitational influence of the imbalance between the mass of the car 4 and that of the counterweight 2.
  • the manual evacuation button DEM can be repeatedly pressed, illustrated as step 5, until the elevator car 4 comes into alignment with a landing which is indicated to the rescue personnel by means of an LED on the pulse electric brake opening device PEBO. At this point, in step S6, the rescue personnel can go to the landing adjacent the car level and manually open the doors to allow any passengers to exit from the car 4.
  • step S7 the elevator 1 can be prepared for normal operation once again when the mains power is restored by reversing the procedures carried out in steps S2 and S3. After which the method for manually evacuating passengers is terminated in step S8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
EP16159692.9A 2016-03-10 2016-03-10 Ouverture pulsé de frein d'ascenseur permettant l'évacuation de passagers Withdrawn EP3216735A1 (fr)

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EP16159692.9A EP3216735A1 (fr) 2016-03-10 2016-03-10 Ouverture pulsé de frein d'ascenseur permettant l'évacuation de passagers

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EP16159692.9A EP3216735A1 (fr) 2016-03-10 2016-03-10 Ouverture pulsé de frein d'ascenseur permettant l'évacuation de passagers

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020127982A1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2020-06-25 Inventio Ag Procédé permettant de déplacer une cabine d'un ascenseur pour évacuer des passagers et dispositif d'ouverture de frein permettant de déplacer une cabine d'ascenseur pour évacuer des passagers
US20210101777A1 (en) * 2019-10-03 2021-04-08 Otis Elevator Company Elevator brake control
EP3845480A1 (fr) 2019-12-31 2021-07-07 Inventio AG Procédé de déplacement d'une cabine d'un ascenseur pour évacuer des passagers et dispositif d'ouverture de frein pour déplacer une cabine d'ascenseur

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003011735A1 (fr) * 2001-08-03 2003-02-13 Ceam - Costruzioni Elettromeccaniche Appareil de commande d'urgence d'ascenseur
WO2007094777A2 (fr) 2006-02-14 2007-08-23 Otis Elevator Company Vérification de condition de frein d'ascenseur

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003011735A1 (fr) * 2001-08-03 2003-02-13 Ceam - Costruzioni Elettromeccaniche Appareil de commande d'urgence d'ascenseur
WO2007094777A2 (fr) 2006-02-14 2007-08-23 Otis Elevator Company Vérification de condition de frein d'ascenseur

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
EDWARD J QUINN ET AL: "Flyback diode", 8 March 2016 (2016-03-08), Wikipedia, XP055295222, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=download&collection_id=8d12be935014194cd28a281f1f20dfeae4334660&writer=rdf2latex&return_to=Flyback+diode> [retrieved on 20160812] *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020127982A1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2020-06-25 Inventio Ag Procédé permettant de déplacer une cabine d'un ascenseur pour évacuer des passagers et dispositif d'ouverture de frein permettant de déplacer une cabine d'ascenseur pour évacuer des passagers
CN113195391A (zh) * 2018-12-20 2021-07-30 因温特奥股份公司 用于使电梯的电梯轿厢移动以用于疏散乘客的方法和用于使电梯的电梯轿厢移动以用于疏散乘客的制动松闸装置
US20220055861A1 (en) * 2018-12-20 2022-02-24 Inventio Ag Method for moving an elevator car of an elevator for evacuating passengers and brake opening device for moving an elevator car of an elevator for evacuating passengers
US11787661B2 (en) * 2018-12-20 2023-10-17 Inventio Ag Method for moving an elevator car of an elevator for evacuating passengers and brake opening device for moving an elevator car of an elevator for evacuating passengers
US20210101777A1 (en) * 2019-10-03 2021-04-08 Otis Elevator Company Elevator brake control
EP3845480A1 (fr) 2019-12-31 2021-07-07 Inventio AG Procédé de déplacement d'une cabine d'un ascenseur pour évacuer des passagers et dispositif d'ouverture de frein pour déplacer une cabine d'ascenseur
WO2021136738A1 (fr) 2019-12-31 2021-07-08 Inventio Ag Procédé permettant de déplacer une cabine d'ascenseur d'un ascenseur pour évacuer des passagers et dispositif d'ouverture de frein permettant de déplacer une cabine d'ascenseur d'un ascenseur

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