EP3214224B1 - Gabion, noise reduction wall comprising such a gabion and process for implementing such a gabion - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a gabion, as well as an anti-noise wall comprising such a gabion. It also relates to a method of implementing such a gabion.

A gabion is an individual element of construction, which, by stacking and / or juxtaposition of several copies, makes it possible to realize works notably in the field of the civil engineering, that of the public works and that of the construction for the private individuals. In its "basic" form, which is commonly spread, a gabion consists of a parallelepipedic cage whose bottom, four side walls and, where appropriate, the lid are respectively made of flat metal meshes which are fixed to each other typically staples, metal bonding yarns and / or welds. This cage is then filled with crushed stone or, more generally, a similar granular material, the aggregates are retained inside the cage without being able to pass through the mesh of the trellises. The gabion stands stacked and / or juxtaposed are bonded together by staples or binding threads.

The invention is more specifically concerned with the use of gabion for producing an anti-noise wall, otherwise known as an acoustic screen, for example along roads or railway lines or in an industrial environment or in a private environment.

In this context, DE 20 2006 003 050 U1 proposes to compartmentalize the internal volume of the cage of a gabion to place a layer of sand which increases the performances of soundproofing of the gabion, the sand having a better sound insulation than the crushed stone or similar granular materials. To do this, two partition walls are arranged inside the cage, connecting two opposite side walls of the cage to each other, so as to form a central compartment between these two partitioning partitions. the remainder of the interior volume of the cage being divided into two terminal compartments, on either side of the central compartment. Each end compartment is filled with crushed stone or similar filling material, while the central compartment receives a flexible bag filled with sand. DE 20 2006 003 050 U1 does not detail how the gabion is assembled, nor how it is handled from its place of assembly to its final location of use: because the sandbag is a closed pocket of several tens kilos, we imagine that its establishment in the central compartment of his already assembled cage is a particularly delicate operation, with the risk of tearing the bag; or the cage is assembled on site "around" the pre-positioned bag and the filling of the terminal compartments is then carried out while the sandbag is in place within the cage, always with the risk that the bag is torn by the filling material introduced into the terminal compartments. In any case, once the cage contains the bag of sand and the filling material such as crushed stone, its handling is also difficult, especially to install the gabion in its final place, if necessary stacked and / or juxtaposed vis-à-vis other gabions, again with the risk of tearing the bag and lose all or part of the sand, especially during the various manipulations necessary for the construction of a sound barrier. Moreover, at the junction between two gabions stacked and / or juxtaposed, the sound insulation is compromised by the formation of residual gaps: these gaps tend to subsist between the respective sandbags of the gabions, if only locally, and this despite the bulges formed by the bag on its periphery, the presence of these bulges significantly increasing the risk of tearing the bag at the level of these bulges during handling of the gabion.

For its part, FR 2 902 808 A1 proposes to make a soundproof wall by arranging next to each other two rows of "basic" stacked gabions, each of which is filled with crushed stone, while leaving between these two rows a free space in which one place a soul in a soundproofing material. In practice, this soundproofing material is concrete which is poured directly between the two rows of stacked gabions. The advantage of this solution is to obtain a soundproofing core that extends continuously over the length and height of the sound barrier. However, this solution is particularly expensive and tedious, especially since it doubles the number of gabions and is long to implement.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a gabion which, while allowing to obtain good sound insulation performance, is economical, as well as fast and easy to implement.

For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a gabion as defined in claim 1.

The invention also relates to a method for implementing at least one such gabion, as defined in claim 10.

Thanks to the invention, it is possible to quickly and economically achieve a sound barrier having very good acoustic properties. Indeed, the gabion according to the invention, whose front compartments are pre-filled with a "heavy" granular filling material, can be handled, by hooking and lifting, quickly and safely at the level or the gripping handles of his or her lifting partitions. In addition, this or these lifting partitions contribute to the structural stability of the cage both during the filling of these front compartments, without significantly impacting the ease of this filling, and during the handling of transport and installation of the gabion . In addition, this or these lifting partitions allow the passing through them a granular soundproofing material which is directly discharged into the intermediate compartment of the gabion once it is positioned in its final location, typically within a sound barrier wall. This soundproofing material is thus spread by gravity in all or part of the intermediate compartment, including through the lifting bulkhead or walls, and advantageously coats both the mesh of the bottom, for the part of the latter delimiting the intermediate compartment, and the respective lattices of the side walls, for the part of each of these side walls defining the intermediate compartment. When the gabion is stacked and / or juxtaposed with other gabions according to the invention, in particular to form an anti-noise wall, the soundproofing material can thus continuously join the respective intermediate compartments of the gabions: it As a result, the sound insulation is obtained continuously both within each gabion considered individually, and between gabions stacked and / or juxtaposed. It also results in an improvement of the stability of the wall, because of the continuous junction between the gabions.

Additional advantageous features of the gabion according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims 2 to 9.

The invention also relates to a noise barrier, as defined in claim 11. Additional advantageous features of this noise barrier are specified in claims 12 to 14.

The invention also relates to a use of at least one gabion, as defined in claim 15.

• la figure 1 est une vue en perspective cavalière d'un gabion conforme à l'invention, dont le matériau de remplissage n'est pas représenté pour des raisons de visibilité ;
• la figure 2 est une vue similaire à la figure 1, montrant en éclaté deux groupes de composants du gabion ;
• la figure 3 est une vue en élévation d'un composant, montré seul, du gabion de la figure 1 ;
• la figure 4 est une vue en perspective cavalière d'un groupe de composants du gabion, dont celui montré à la figure 3 ;
• la figure 5 est une vue en perspective réelle du gabion de la figure 1, représenté avec le matériau de remplissage dessiné de manière schématique et transparente, le gabion étant observé selon la flèche V de la figure 1 ;
• la figure 6 est une coupe schématique selon la ligne VI-VI de la figure 5 ; et
• les figures 7 et 8 sont des schémas illustrant deux étapes différentes de mise en oeuvre de plusieurs exemplaires du gabion de la figure 1.

The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the drawings in which:

• the figure 1 is a perspective view of a gabion according to the invention, the filling material is not shown for reasons of visibility;
• the figure 2 is a view similar to the figure 1 showing two groups of components of the gabion;
• the figure 3 is an elevational view of a component, shown alone, of the gabion of the figure 1 ;
• the figure 4 is a cavalier perspective view of a group of gabion components, including the one shown in figure 3 ;
• the figure 5 is a real perspective view of the gabion of the figure 1 , shown with the filling material drawn schematically and transparently, the gabion being observed according to the arrow V of the figure 1 ;
• the figure 6 is a schematic section along line VI-VI of the figure 5 ; and
• the Figures 7 and 8 are diagrams illustrating two different stages of implementation of several copies of the gabion of the figure 1 .

On the Figures 1 to 6 is represented a gabion 1.

As clearly visible on figures 1 , 2 , 5 and 6 , the gabion 1 comprises a cage 10 having a generally parallelepiped shape, both internally and externally. For convenience, the following description is oriented by considering that the parallelepipedal shape of the cage 10 is oriented as when using the gabion 1, that is to say so that the base of this parallelepiped shape s' extends horizontally and is downwardly oriented relative to the remainder of the parallelepipedal shape, while the four lateral sides of the parallelepipedal shape extend from this base vertically upwards.

As clearly visible on figures 2 , 5 and 6 , the cage 10 comprises, at its base, a horizontal bottom 11. This bottom 11 consists of a plane mesh 11.1, typically metallic. By way of non-limiting example, the mesh 11.1 consists of a sheet of metal wires, some of which are parallel to each other while the others are parallel to each other, extending perpendicularly to the first wires, these different wires thus being arranged. at a distance from each other forming a perforated grid whose meshes, that is to say the openings, are rectangular or square section. In practice, in a manner known per se, the aforementioned metal son are entangled and / or welded together to obtain the lattice 11.1. Other embodiments of the mesh 11.1 are possible as variants not shown. Similarly, for example, the material of the mesh 11.1 is surface-galvanized steel, it being understood that other metallic or composite materials may be envisaged as long as they have suitable mechanical properties to the setting implementation of gabion 1 presented later. Where appropriate, this lattice may be made of several materials, in particular a core material, for example metal, to give structural strength to the trellis, and a coating material, for example polymeric, to protect the core material.

As clearly visible on figures 1 , 2 , 5 and 6 , the cage 10 comprises two vertical front walls 12 and 13 which are located respectively on two of its lateral sides, opposite to each other. These front walls 12 and 13 extend parallel to each other, from the bottom 11. Each of the front walls 12 and 13 consists of a plane lattice 12.1, 13.1, the non-limiting embodiment of which the invention is functionally or even structurally similar to that of the mesh 11.1 of the bottom 11. Whatever their embodiment, the trellises 12.1 and 13.1 are fixed to the trellis 11.1. the bottom 11, and this by any suitable means, typically, but in a non-limiting manner, by staples, binding son, etc.

Also as visible on the figures 1 , 2 and 5 , the cage 10 comprises two lateral walls 14 and 15 vertical, which are located on the two opposite lateral sides of the cage, other than those occupied by the front walls 12 and 13. The side walls 14 and 15 extend parallel to one another. one to the other, from the bottom 11. Each of the side walls 14 and 15 consists of a plane lattice 14.1, 15.1 whose non-limiting embodiment of the invention is functionally or even structurally similar to that lattices 11.1, 12.1 and 13.1. In all cases, the lattices 14.1 and 15.1 are fixed both to the mesh 11.1 of the bottom 11 and to the lattices 12.1 and 13.1 of the front walls 12 and 13, and this by any appropriate means, such as those mentioned above for fixing. between lattices 11.1, 12.1 and 13.1.

With regard to the parallelepipedal shape of the cage 10, the front walls 12 and 13 have the same vertical dimension as the side walls 14 and 15. In the embodiment considered in the figures, the front walls 12 and 13 have a dimension horizontal greater than that of the side walls 14 and 15, for example of the order of twice that of the walls 14 and 15, however, it is noted that this dimensional aspect is not limiting of the invention. As a nonlimiting dimensional example, the vertical dimension of the walls 12 to 15 is between 0.5 m and 2.5 m and the horizontal dimension of the walls 12 to 15 is between 0.5 m and 5 m.

The cage 10 has an internal volume V10 which is defined jointly by the bottom 11, the front walls 12 and 13 and the side walls 14 and 15.

The gabion 1 also comprises two partitioning partitions, respectively referenced 20 and 30, as clearly visible on the figures 1 , 2 , 5 and 6 . These partition walls 20 and 30 are arranged parallel to one another inside the cage 10, that is to say in the internal volume V10 of the latter, extending so that both vertical and parallel to the front walls 12 and 13. The partition wall 20 is closer to the front wall 12 while the partition wall 30 is closer to the front wall 13. In practice, for reasons that will appear further, each of the partition walls 20 and 30 extends vertically between the bottom 11 of the cage 10, without necessarily that its lower edge is joined with the bottom 11, and the level of the upper edge of the front walls 12 and 13 and 14 and 15, without necessarily having its upper edge flush with the upper edge of these front and side walls. More precise features of the partition walls 20 and 30 will be given later.

Whatever its embodiment, each of the partition walls 20 and 30 extends from the side wall 14 to the side wall 15 of the cage 10, by fixedly connecting one to the other side walls 14 and 15. The internal volume V10 of the cage 10 is thus distributed between three separate compartments, namely two front compartments C1 and C2 and an intermediate compartment C3.

As clearly visible on figures 5 and 6 , the intermediate compartment C3 corresponds to the portion of the internal volume V10 of the cage 10 delimited between the partitioning partitions 20 and 30. This intermediate compartment C3 corresponds to less than 50%, or even 40% or less, or even 30% or less, or even 20% or less, or even 10% or less of the internal volume V10 of the cage 10. As a nonlimiting dimensional example, the intermediate compartment has a horizontal dimension, that is to say a spacing between the partition walls 20 and 30, which is for example between 10 cm and 50 cm. The front compartments C1 and C2 correspond to the remainder of the internal volume V10, the front compartment C1 being delimited between the partition wall 20 and the front wall 12 while the front compartment C2 is delimited between the partition wall 30 and the front wall 13 Downwards, the front compartments C1 and C2 and the intermediate compartment C3 are delimited by the bottom 11 of the cage 10, more precisely by corresponding respective parts of this bottom 11. Laterally, the front compartments C1 and C2 and the compartment intermediate C3 are delimited, on one side, by the side wall 14, more precisely by corresponding respective parts of this side wall 14, and, on the opposite side, by the side wall 15, more precisely by corresponding respective parts thereof. side wall 15.

The gabion 1 also comprises a vertical diaphragm partition 40. As clearly visible on figures 1 , 2 and 5 , the diaphragm partition 40 is arranged in the internal volume V10 of the cage 10, parallel to the side walls 14 and 15, and extends between the front walls 12 and 13 by fixedly connecting one to the other these front walls. In the exemplary embodiment considered in the figures, the diaphragm partition 40 is situated halfway between the side walls 14 and 15. As is clearly visible on the figure 5 , the diaphragm wall 40 extends successively across the front compartment C1, across the intermediate compartment C3 and across the front compartment C2, thereby subdividing each of these compartments into two sub-compartments which are located on the one hand and on the other. other of the diaphragm wall 40, more precisely on either side of the part of the latter, arranged in the compartment concerned. Vertically, the diaphragm partition 40 extends between the bottom 11 of the cage 10, without necessarily having its bottom edge joined with this bottom 11, and the level of the edge upper side walls 12 and 13 and side 14 and 15, without necessarily that its upper edge is flush with the upper edge of the front and side walls.

In the example considered in the figures, the diaphragm partition 40 comprises a planar lattice 40.1 whose embodiment, which is not limiting of the invention, is functionally or even structurally similar to that of the lattices 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1 and 15.1. The mesh 40.1 of the diaphragm partition 40 is fixedly secured to the mesh 12.1 and 13.1 of the end walls 12 and 13, as well as, where appropriate, to the mesh 11.1 of the bottom 11, and this by any appropriate means, such as staples or clasps. binding thread, as mentioned above.

The gabion 1 further comprises two lifting partitions 50 and 60 vertical. As clearly visible on figures 2 and 5 each of these lifting partitions 50 and 60 is arranged in the internal volume V10 of the cage 10, parallel to the side walls 14 and 15, and extends from the front wall 12 to the front wall 13 by firmly connecting one to the other these frontal walls. In the example shown in the figures, the lifting bulkheads 50 and 60 are located on either side of the diaphragm wall 40, the lifting partition 50 being located halfway between the diaphragm wall 40 and the wall 14 while the lifting partition 60 is situated midway between the diaphragm wall 40 and the side wall 15.

Vertically, each of the lifting partitions 50 and 60 extends between the bottom 11 of the cage 10, the lower edge of each lifting wall being preferentially, but not necessarily, contiguous with the bottom 11, and the upper edge of the front walls. 12 and 13 and side 14 and 15, the upper edge of each of the lifting bulkheads 50 and 60 including two gripping handles 51, 61 respectively, which are flush or are slightly removed from the upper edge of the front and side walls. In the exemplary embodiment considered in the figures, the handles 51 and the handles 61 are evenly distributed along the upper edge of the lifting partition 50, respectively 60, as is clearly visible for the two handles 51 of the lifting partition. 50 which is shown alone on the figure 3 . Note that in the figures, the handles 51 and 61 are drawn thickened only for reasons of visibility.

As clearly visible on figures 1 and 5 , each of the lifting partitions 50 and 60 extends from the front wall 12 to the front wall 13, successively across the front compartment C1, across the intermediate compartment C3 and across the front compartment C2. Thus, the part of the lifting partition 50 and the part of the lifting partition 60, arranged in the front compartment C1, respectively subdivide the two sub-compartments of the front compartment C1, delimited on either side of the diaphragm partition. 40. The same applies to the respective parties lifting partitions 50 and 60, arranged in the front compartment C2. Similarly, the part of the lifting partition 50 and the part of the lifting partition 60, arranged in the intermediate compartment C3, respectively subdivide the two subcompartments of the intermediate compartment C3, delimited on either side of the partition. diaphragm 40.

In the exemplary embodiment considered in the figures, each of the lifting partitions 50 and 60 consists of a planar lattice 50.1, respectively 60.1, the embodiment of which, which is not limiting of the invention, is functionally even structurally similar to trellises 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1, 15.1 and 40.1. So, as clearly visible on the figure 3 for the lifting partition 50, the lattice 50.1 of this partition consists of a sheet of metal wires, some of which are parallel to each other while the others are parallel to each other, extending perpendicularly to the first wires, so that that the various threads of the lattice 50.1 together form an open-mesh grid with a rectangular or square section. Also as visible on the figure 3 this lattice 50.1 of the lifting partition 50 is completed by two wires 50.2, which are U-shaped downwards and whose respective rounded bottoms are arranged on the upper edge of the lifting partition 50, respectively forming the two gripping loops 51. Each of these son 50.2 is permanently secured to the lattice 50.1 by any appropriate means, typically by entanglement and / or welding. The mesh 60.1 of the lifting partition 60 has a structure similar to that just described for the lattice 50.1 of the lifting partition 50. In all cases, the gripping loops 51 and 61 are firmly integrated in the lattice 50.1. , respectively 60.1, of their corresponding lifting partition 50, respectively 60, while respectively forming zones of attachment and traction of these lifting partitions, which are integrated on the upper edge of these lifting partitions and which are located substantially at the same level as the upper geometric plane of the cage 10, in particular without emerge significantly above this geometric plane.

At their edges respectively abutting the end walls 12 and 13, the mesh 50.1, 60.1 of each of the lifting partitions 50 and 60 is fixed to the meshes 12.1 and 13.1 of the front walls 12 and 13, and this by any suitable means such as those mentioned above. Where appropriate, the lower edge of each mesh 50.1, 60.1 is fixed to the mesh 11.1 of the bottom 11.

To achieve the crossing between each of the lifting partitions 50 and 60 and the two partition walls 20 and 30, a solution, which is implemented in the figures and which is clearly visible for the lifting partition 50 to the figure 4 , is that each of the partitioning partitions 20 and 30 comprises two planar lattices 20.1 and 20.2, respectively 30.1 and 30.2: the lattices 20.1 and 20.2 of the partitioning partition 20 are fixed to the lattice 50.1 of the lifting partition 50, on either side of this lifting partition, and the lattices 30.1 and 30.2 of the partition wall 30 are fixed to the mesh 50.1 of the lifting partition 50, on either side of the latter. Fixing between the aforementioned lattices is carried out by any appropriate means such as those mentioned above. The partition walls 20 and 30 each further comprise two planar meshes 20.3 and 20.4, respectively 30.3 and 30.4, which are fixed to the lattice 60.1 of the lifting partition 60, on either side of the latter, as clearly visible on the figures 1 and 5 . At their edge abutting to the side wall 14, the mesh 20.1 of the partition wall 20 and the mesh 30.1 of the partition wall 30 are fixed to the lattice 14.1 of the side wall 14. It is the same for lattices 20.4 and 30.4 with the side wall 15 at the edge of these lattices abutting this side wall 15. As for the lattices 20.2 and 30.2, their edge, opposite the lifting partition 50, is fixed to the diaphragm wall 40. Similarly, , the edge of the trellises 20.3 and 30.3, opposite the lifting partition 60, is fixed to the diaphragm partition 40. Where appropriate, the lower edge of the trellises 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 and 20.4 of the partition wall 20 and the edge The mesh 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 and 30.4 of the partition wall 30 are fastened to the mesh 11.1 of the bottom 11. In practice, the embodiment of the trellises 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 and 30.4 is functionally or even structurally t, similar to that of lattices 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1, 15.1, 40.1, 50.1 and 60.1.

Gabion 1 also comprises a granular filling material which, as shown in FIGS. figures 5 and 6 , fills the front compartments C1 and C2, being noted that on these figures 5 and 6 this filling material 70 is shown partially transparent so that the remainder of the gabion 1 can be seen through this filling material, while on the figures 1 and 2 the filling material 70 is not shown for clarity. The filling material 70 is retained inside the front compartments C1 and C2 by the fact that the aggregates of this filling material 70 have a particle size such that they do not pass through the bottom 11, the end walls 12 and 13, sidewalls 14 and 15 and partition walls 20 and 30. In practice, the granulometry of the filling material 70 is such that its aggregates do not pass through any of the mesh 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1, 15.1, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 and 30.4.

• des débris de chantier de construction,
• du clinker,
• du verre pilé,
• des morceaux de bois, de matière plastique, de matière composite, de marbre, de craie, de calcaire, de dolomite ou de baryte,
• des grains de carbonate de calcium naturel ou de carbonate de calcium précipité, ayant réagi en surface avec du dioxyde de carbone et un ou plusieurs acides, le dioxyde de carbone étant formé in situ par action du ou des acides et/ou provenant d'une source externe, et
• un mélange de ceux-ci. Le carbonate de calcium naturel est de préférence choisi parmi le carbonate de calcium contenant des sels minéraux choisis dans le groupe comprenant le marbre, la craie, la dolomite, le calcaire et des mélanges de ceux-ci. Le carbonate de calcium naturel peut comprendre en outre des composants d'origine naturelle tels que le carbonate de magnésium, l'aluminosilicate, etc.

According to one embodiment, the filling material 70 is crushed stone, in the broadest sense of the term, that is to say, including both the stones, pebbles and pebbles in their natural fragmentary state, as boulders fragmented by human action. This being the case, other embodiments can be envisaged for the filling material 70 as long as the aggregates of the latter are retained inside the front compartments C1 and C2, while giving the gabion 1 a substantial mass, which is worth typically several times that of the remainder of gabion 1. As a non-limiting example, the filling material 70 may thus comprise:

• construction site debris,
• clinker,
• crushed glass,
• pieces of wood, plastic, composite material, marble, chalk, limestone, dolomite or barite,
• grains of natural calcium carbonate or precipitated calcium carbonate having reacted on the surface with carbon dioxide and one or more acids, the carbon dioxide being formed in situ by action of the acid (s) and / or coming from a external source, and
• a mixture of these. The natural calcium carbonate is preferably selected from calcium carbonate containing mineral salts selected from the group consisting of marble, chalk, dolomite, limestone and mixtures thereof. Natural calcium carbonate may further include naturally occurring components such as magnesium carbonate, aluminosilicate, and the like.

The precipitated calcium carbonate is a synthetic material, generally obtained by precipitation after reaction between carbon dioxide and calcium hydroxide in an aqueous medium or by precipitation between calcium and a source of carbonate ions in water or by precipitation between calcium and carbonate ions, for example CaCl 2 and Na 2 CO 3, out of solution. Other possibilities for producing precipitated calcium carbonate are known, such as a method in which the precipitated calcium carbonate is a by-product of the production of ammonia. Precipitated calcium carbonate exists in three primary crystalline forms: calcite, aragonite and vaterite, and there are many different polymorphic forms for each of these crystalline forms. The precipitated calcium carbonate suspension obtained can be dehydrated and dried mechanically.
Natural or precipitated calcium carbonate can be milled before treatment with carbon dioxide and the acid (s).

Further details concerning the preparation of surface-reacted natural calcium carbonate are described in WO 00/39222 A1 , WO 2004/083316 A1 , WO 2005/121257 A2 , WO 2009/074492 A1 , EP 2 264 108 A1 , EP 2 264 109 A1 and US 2004/0020410 A1 , to which the reader can refer.

Similarly, as explained in detail by WO 2009/074492 A1 the surface-reacted precipitated calcium carbonate is obtained by contacting the precipitated calcium carbonate with H3O + ions and anions solubilized in an aqueous medium and capable of forming water insoluble calcium salts, in a aqueous medium to form a surface-reacted precipitated calcium carbonate suspension, whereby the reacted surface-precipitated calcium carbonate comprises an insoluble salt of these at least partially crystalline anions, formed on the surface of at least a portion of Calcium carbonate calcium precipitate.

Alternatively, silicate and / or silica and / or aluminum hydroxide and / or alkaline earth aluminate and / or magnesium oxide components may be added to the aqueous carbonate suspension of natural calcium or precipitated while the reaction of natural or precipitated calcium carbonate with the acid (s) and carbon dioxide has already begun. Further details concerning such a preparation of surface-reacted natural or precipitated calcium carbonate are described in WO 2004/083316 A1 .

The aqueous suspension described above can be dried, the surface-reacted natural calcium carbonate or precipitate being thus obtained solid (that is to say, dry or containing residual water which is not in a form fluid), in the form of grains, such as granules or powder.

The gabion 1 has other characteristics which will appear below in the context of an example of use of several gabions 1 for the purpose of constructing a sound barrier, this use being described in detail below and partially illustrated. by the Figures 7 and 8 .

Prior to the step illustrated by the figure 7 , the bottom 11, the front walls 12 and 13 and the side walls 14 and 15 of the cage 10, as well as the partition walls 20 and 30, the diaphragm wall 40 and the lifting partitions 50 and 70 are fixedly assembled together. to others, as mentioned above, for example with metal staples set up with a stapler. In practice, this assembly operation is advantageously carried out in the immediate vicinity of a stock of filling material 70, for example at the site of a quarry for extracting and producing crushed stone.

Then, always before the step illustrated in the figure 7 , the front compartments C1 and C2 of the gabion 1 are filled with the filler material 70, for example with the aid of gear for transferring this granular material, ensuring that that the latter does not penetrate inside the intermediate compartment C3. Advantageously, the filling of the front compartments C1 and C2 by the granular filling material 70 is achieved by associating it with a vibrating, preferably multidirectional, vibration of the gabion 1 so as to induce a vibro-compacting of the aggregates of this material 70 inside compartments C1 and C2. In all cases, it is understood that the diaphragm wall 40 and the lifting partitions 50 and 60 contribute to the structural stability of the gabion 1 during the filling of the front compartments C1 and C2, by reinforcing the mechanical strength of the cage 10 and partitions of partitioning 20 and 30 by means of transmission and distribution of forces between the front walls 12 and 13 and, where appropriate, the bottom 11.

In practice, the filling material 70 is introduced into the front compartments C1 and C2, being distributed both on both sides of the diaphragm partition 40 and on either side of each of the lifting partitions 50 and 60: in other words, the presence of the diaphragm partition 40 and the lifting bulkheads 50 and 60 does not affect the ease of filling of the front compartments C1 and C2 with the filling material 70.

Always before the step illustrated in the figure 7 , the gabion 1 is moved from its initial position, where its front compartments C1 and C2 have been filled with the filling material 70, to a final position, where the gabion will be installed permanently. For this purpose, use is made, for example, of a first hoisting machine, such as a crane truck or the like, the lifting arm of which is hooked on the four grips 51 and 61: by driving via the arm of this hoisting gear, the gabion 1 is raised, by pulling its grips 51 and 61, from its initial position to the platform of a truck or a similar transport vehicle. The latter then transports the gabion 1 to a construction site of the sound barrier, this site being illustrated on the Figures 7 and 8 . On this site, a second hoist is used to lift the gabion 1 from the platform of the transport vehicle, to its final position within the noise barrier under construction: on the figure 7 , the lifting arm of this second machine is referenced 100 and is attached to the four grips 51 and 61 of the gabion 1 by four chains 101. Of course, the arm 100 and the chains 101 shown on the figure 7 are just examples of ways to lift the gabion 1 to its final position within the sound barrier.

In practice, it is understood that the site, where the front compartments C1 and C2 are filled with the filling material 70, and the construction site of the sound barrier can be several kilometers apart, in any case a greater distance to that which can be swept by a static lifting device, falling within the art, which therefore requires the use of a transport vehicle gabion 1 between the site and the aforementioned site.

During the various lifting operations of the gabion 1 between its aforementioned initial position and its final position within the sound barrier, the lifting bulkheads 50 and 60 make it possible to transmit and distribute the mechanical stresses of lifting and, more generally, displacement. gabion 1, between the front walls 12 and 13 and, where appropriate, the bottom 11 of the cage 10. These lifting partitions 50 and 60 thus participate in the structural stability of the cage during the handling of the gabion 1, highlighting that during these operations, the cage 10 is subjected to a significant load because of the presence of the filling material 70 in the front compartments C1 and C2. Likewise, without allowing lifting of the gabion 1, the diaphragm wall 40 reinforces the structural stability of the cage 10.

• d'une part, ce gabion 1 est superposé au-dessus d'un autre gabion 1' de manière qu'au moins une partie du compartiment intermédiaire C3 du gabion 1 se retrouve agencée à l'aplomb vertical d'au moins une partie du compartiment intermédiaire C3' du gabion 1', et
• d'autre part, le gabion 1 est juxtaposé à un autre gabion 1", par aboutement de sa paroi latérale 14 contre la paroi latérale 15" du gabion 1", de manière que le compartiment intermédiaire C3 du gabion 1 se retrouve agencé en regard horizontal avec le compartiment intermédiaire C3" du gabion 1".

As shown on the figure 7 , gabion 1 joined, within the noise barrier under construction, other gabions, similar to gabion 1 and installed before the latter in their respective final position. In particular, the gabion 1 is placed, vis-à-vis other gabions already installed in the final position, so that:

• on the one hand, this gabion 1 is superimposed above another gabion 1 'so that at least a portion of the intermediate compartment C3 of the gabion 1 is found arranged vertically in line with at least a portion of the intermediate compartment C3 'of gabion 1', and
• on the other hand, the gabion 1 is juxtaposed to another gabion 1 ", by abutment of its side wall 14 against the side wall 15" of the gabion 1 ", so that the intermediate compartment C3 of the gabion 1 is found arranged facing horizontal with the intermediate compartment C3 "of the gabion 1".

In practice, the alignment, both horizontal and vertical, of the gabions 1, 1 'and 1 "may not be exactly rigorous, as long as the respective intermediate compartments C3, C3' and C3" of these gabions are aligned at least partially . Similarly, as in the example shown on the figure 7 , cages 10 and 10 'superimposed gabions 1 and 1' can be offset horizontally relative to each other, so that the side wall 15 "of gabion 1" is not found at the vertical plumb d one of the side walls of the gabion 1 ', but between these side walls of the gabion 1'.

It will be noted that the stacking of the gabions 1 and 1 'is favored by the fact that the gripping loops of the gabion 1' are not protruding above the upper geometric plane of the cage 10 'of this gabion 1', these loops thus not interfering with the bottom 11 of the cage 10 of the gabion 1.

Once the gabion 1 has been installed in its final position within the sound barrier, it is as shown on the figure 8 . A sound insulating material 2 is then poured into the intermediate compartment C3 of the gabion 1, in which this sound-insulating material 2 spreads in a gravitational manner. In the same way as the filling material 70, the material 2 is granular. However, this material 2 differs from the filling material 70 in that the material 2 has a better sound insulation than the material 70. This sound insulation performance for the material 2, compared to the filling material 70, is due to various intrinsic characteristics of materials, in particular density and particle size.

• des débris de chantier broyés,
• des débris d'exploitation minière broyés,
• des morceaux broyés de marbre, de craie, de calcaire, de dolomite ou de baryte,
• des grains de carbonate de calcium naturel ou de carbonate de calcium précipité, ayant réagi en surface avec du dioxyde de carbone et un ou plusieurs acides, le dioxyde de carbone étant formé in situ par action du ou des acides et/ou provenant d'une source externe, et
• un mélange de ceux-ci.

For example, the sound insulation material 2 consists of bass, that is to say a mixture of sand and chippings, having a particle size between 0/14 mm and 0/63 mm. Another example for the sound insulating material 2 is concrete, which is poured into the intermediate compartment C3 in the fresh state, then takes and cures inside this compartment C3. This being the case, other examples may be envisaged for the material 2, such as:

• crushed building debris,
• crushed mining debris,
• crushed pieces of marble, chalk, limestone, dolomite or barite,
• grains of natural calcium carbonate or precipitated calcium carbonate having reacted on the surface with carbon dioxide and one or more acids, the carbon dioxide being formed in situ by action of the acid (s) and / or coming from a external source, and
• a mixture of these.

More generally, it is understood that the sound-insulating material 2 comprises smaller aggregates than those of the filling material 70, the aggregates of this material 2 possibly being bonded together by a binder, especially a hydraulic binder, belonging to this material 2.

According to an important characteristic of the invention, the lifting partitions 50 and 60, more precisely the part of these partitions arranged in the intermediate compartment C3 of the gabion 1, and the sound-insulating material 2 are provided so that, during the spill of the material 2 in the intermediate compartment C3, the aggregates of this material 2 pass right through the lifting partitions 50 and 60, spreading freely inside the intermediate compartment C3, on either side of each of these lifting partitions 50 and 60. In practice, it is understood that the meshes of the respective lattices 50.1 and 60.1 of the lifting partitions 50 and 60 are large enough to pass through them the aggregates of the sound-insulating material 2. is advantageously the same for the meshes of the lattice 401 of the diaphragm wall 40. Thus, within the gabion 1, the material 2 discharged into the intermediate compartment C3 spreads easily throughout the intermediate compartment, including through the partitions of Lifting 50 and 60 and the diaphragm wall 40, to fill the intermediate compartment C3: the material 2 filling the compartment C3 forms a sound insulation between the partition walls 20 and 30 and, thereby, provides a sound insulation for the gabion 1 between its end walls 12 and 13, the filling material 70 in the front compartments C1 and C2 participating in this sound insulation but in a significantly less than that provided by the material 2 in the intermediate compartment C3.

Moreover, by providing that the meshes of the mesh 11.1 of the bottom 11 of the gabion 1 also let the sound-insulating material 2 pass through them, it is understood that the pouring of the material 2 into the intermediate compartment C3 of the gabion 1 leads to the flow of this material 2 through the bottom 11 of the cage 10 of this gabion, more precisely through the portion of the bottom 11 which defines the compartment C3, the insulation material 2 then joining the intermediate compartment C3 'of the gabion 1 '. The material 2 can thus also fill the intermediate compartment C3 'if the latter had not been filled with sound insulation material 2 before the installation of the gabion 1 on the gabion 1'. Of course, alternatively, the filling of the intermediate compartment C3 'of the gabion 1' may have been made between the installation of this gabion 1 'and that of the gabion 1. In all cases, that is to say, as well in the case where the superimposed gabions 1 and 1 'have their intermediate compartment C3 and C3' which are jointly filled simultaneously, that in the case where the compartment C3 'of the gabion 1' is at least partially filled before the gabion 1 is installed above, it is understood that, by allowing the aggregates of the sound insulating material 2 to freely pass through the mesh 11.1 of the bottom 11 of the gabion 1, the material 2 continuously joins the intermediate compartment C3 of the gabion 1 with the intermediate compartment C3 'of the gabion 1', more precisely continuously joins the bottom of the compartment C3 with the top of the compartment C3 '.

Similarly, by providing that the meshes of the lattices 14.1 and 15.1 of the side walls 14 and 15 freely pass the aggregates of the material 2 through these side walls 14 and 15, the material 2 continuously joins the intermediate compartment C3 of the gabion 1 with the intermediate compartment C3 "of the gabion 1", successively crossing the side wall 14 of the gabion 1 and the side wall 15 "of the gabion 1" during the pouring of the insulation material 2 into the compartment intermediate C3 and / or when spilling material 2 into the intermediate compartment C3 "of gabion 1".

More generally, taking into account the foregoing explanations, it is understood that, by filling the intermediate compartment C3 with the sound-insulating material 2, this material 2 forms a continuous sound insulation between this intermediate compartment C3 and the adjacent intermediate compartments C3 ' and C3 ", thus imparting soundproofing to the stacking and / or butting interfaces of the various gabions belonging to the sound barrier.

In practice, as represented on the figure 8 a spillway 102 may advantageously be used above the gabion 1 during the pouring of the soundproofing material 2, to channel this spill to the inside of the top of the intermediate compartment C3, the outlet to the bottom of this weir 102 being adjusted on the outlet to the top of the intermediate compartment C3.

According to an advantageous optional arrangement, which is implemented on the figure 8 , the side wall 15 of the gabion 1 is externally closed at the portion of this side wall 15, defining the intermediate compartment C3. To do this, as indicated schematically on the figure 8 , a lateral closure element 103 of the intermediate compartment C3 is attached against the outer face of the side wall 15. In this way, the soundproofing material 2 poured into the compartment C3 is retained inside the intermediate compartment C3 , without flowing outside of it, through the side wall 15. Of course, it is understood that the implementation of this lateral closure member 103 is only relevant when the wall Side of the gabion, against which this side closure member is attached, constitutes at least a portion of a free end edge of the sound barrier being constructed. In practice, the embodiment of the lateral closure element 103 is not limiting, this embodiment being adapted moreover to the nature of the material 2. Thus, in the case where the insulation material phonic 2 consists of bass, can be used, indifferently, an embankment, a tarpaulin or a gabion of the prior art, that is to say a gabion whose entire internal volume of the cage is filled with a material similar to the filling material 70. In the case where the soundproofing material 2 is concrete, the lateral closure element 103 is for example a board or, more generally, a piece of benching.

According to considerations similar to the above with respect to the lateral closure element 103, it will be noted that, during the installation, at the base of the noise barrier during construction, the first gabion or the first row of gabions juxtaposed, such as gabion 1 ', it may be considered to close the outer face of the bottom 11, at the portion of the latter delimiting the intermediate compartment of or these lowest gabions within the sound barrier wall. In practice, a foundation 104, such as a slab or the like, fabricated or excavated prior to the installation of these first gabions of the noise barrier allows, when the soundproofing material 2 is subsequently poured into the compartments. intermediate of these gabions, to retain this material 2 inside the intermediate compartments concerned, without risk of leakage or dispersion below the noise barrier.

It will furthermore be noted that, at the subdivision partitions 20 and 30, the sound-insulating material 2 tends to spread, from the intermediate compartment C 3 of the gabion 1, through these partitioning partitions 20 and 30. However, in practice, the filling material 70, which occupies the front compartments C1 and C2, limits the flow possibilities of the sound-insulating material 2 beyond the immediate proximity of the partitioning partitions 20 and 30. As a Optionally, it may be envisaged to prevent the soundproofing material 2 from passing through the trellises 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 and 30.4 of the partition walls 20 and 30 from the intermediate compartment C3, covering the entire face of each of these lattices, facing the intermediate compartment C3, a geotextile sheet or geosynthetic.

At the end of the stage shown in figure 8 , that is to say after filling the respective intermediate compartments of the gabions belonging to the sound barrier, in particular the intermediate compartment C3 of the gabion 1, the sound-insulating material 2 is advantageously compacted. To do this, a vibrating needle or a lady is applied to the sound insulating material 2, via the upper outlet of the intermediate compartments of the highest gabions. If necessary, at the end of this compaction, an additional sound-insulating material 2 is poured into the intermediate compartments C3.

Finally, as an option, the upward opening of the intermediate compartments of the upper gabions of the sound barrier is sealed, and this by any appropriate element, attached to the top of the sound barrier wall.

Thus, the noise barrier, obtained at the end of the implementation process that has just been described, is made quickly and easily, particularly thanks to the lifting partitions 50 and 60, while being particularly efficient as regards the sound insulation of this wall, thanks to the soundproofing by the soundproofing material 2, as regards the structural stability of the wall, thanks to the absence of deformation of the gabion cages and at the continuous junction by the sound insulating material between these cages.

The anti-noise wall thus constructed is or belongs to a civil engineering work, a public works, a work of industrial equipment or a private construction.

According to a not represented variant of implementation of the gabions 1, their intermediate compartment C3 receive, in addition to the granular acoustic insulation material 2, a semi-rigid sheet or a plate or a panel, arranged vertically inside. compartment C3 so as to subdivide the latter into several cells all opening upwards. It is then possible to fill these cavities with different sound insulation materials, in particular to adapt the performance and cost of the built-in noise barrier.

In an aspect potentially complementary to the foregoing, gabions 1 can be used to construct a firewall. In practice, the ability of the wall to withstand fire is then related to the nature of the filling of the intermediate compartments C3 of the gabions 1: the soundproofing material 2 may be chosen flame retardant or be treated for this purpose, the wall obtained being then both anti-noise and fireproof. A fireproof or non-combustible material may also be received in the intermediate compartments C3, in addition to the sound insulation material 2 to obtain a wall both noise and fireproof, or as a replacement for the soundproofing material for get a firewall.

Example tested :

An anti-noise wall was erected by stacking several gabions 1, identical to each other. The lattices 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1, 15.1, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 40.1, 50.1 and 60.1 used were identical, with rectangular meshes of 5 cmx10 cm. The trellises 11.1, 12.1 and 13.1 measured 200 cm × 100 cm, while the trellises 14.1 and 15.1 measured 100 cm × 100 cm, so that the internal volume V10 of the cage 10 represented 2 m ³ .

The trellises 50.1 and 60.1 measured horizontally 100 cm, for a height of 90 cm, the handles 51 and 61 protruding 10 cm upward the upper edge of these trellises 50.1 and 60.1.

Each of the trellises 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 and 30.4 measured horizontally 50 cm and vertically 100 cm. The partition walls 20 and 30 have been arranged with a spacing of 20 cm between them.

The lattice 40.1 measured 100 cm × 100 cm.

Filler material 70 was crushed stone with a particle size of 80/130 mm.

The sound-insulating material 2 was serious with a particle size of 0/30 mm.

The noise barrier was constructed with twelve gabions, divided into three rows superimposed one above the other, each row including four juxtaposed gabions.

Tests of anti-noise walls, made according to standard NF EN 1793-6, have characterized an excellent sound insulation, falling in category D4, that is to say the highest in the classification defined by the aforementioned standard . This corresponds to an airborne isolation value (DLSI, G) of the order of forty decibels.

Similar sound insulation performance has been found without and with the presence of geotextile sheets at the partition walls 20 and 30.

• en plus du fond 11, des parois frontales 12 et 13 et des parois latérales 14 et 15, la cage 10 du gabion 1 peut, optionnellement, comprendre un couvercle refermant le volume interne V10 au niveau du sommet de la cage 10 ; en pratique, ce couvercle comprend un ou plusieurs treillis, qui recouvrent au moins les compartiments frontaux C1 et C2, ainsi que, le cas échéant, le compartiment intermédiaire C3 ; ce couvercle sécurise ainsi la retenue, à l'intérieur des compartiments frontaux C1 et C2 du matériau de remplissage 70, en particulier lors du déplacement du gabion 1, tout en laissant passer à travers lui le matériau d'isolation phonique 2 lors du remplissage du compartiment intermédiaire C3 avec ce matériau 2 ;
• notamment en fonction des dimensions de la cage 10 du gabion 1, la cloison diaphragme 40 peut être omise ou, au contraire, plusieurs cloisons diaphragmes peuvent être prévues ; de même, une seule cloison de levage ou, au contraire, davantage que deux cloisons de levage peuvent être prévues ; dans le même esprit, pour chaque cloison de levage, une seule anse de préhension ou davantage que deux anses de préhension peuvent être prévues ; plus généralement, les agencements relatifs aux cloisons diaphragmes et de levage s'adaptent à la taille du gabion 1 ; et/ou
• plutôt que d'occuper une position médiane entre les parois frontales 12 et 13, le compartiment intermédiaire C3 peut être prévu plus près de l'une ou l'autre de ces parois frontales.

Furthermore, various arrangements and variants gabion 1 considered above and noise barrier comprising several copies of gabion 1, and the method of implementation of this or these gabions 1, may be considered. As examples:

• in addition to the bottom 11, the front walls 12 and 13 and the side walls 14 and 15, the cage 10 of the gabion 1 may, optionally, comprise a cover closing the internal volume V10 at the top of the cage 10; in practice, this cover comprises one or more trellises, which cover at least the front compartments C1 and C2, as well as, if necessary, the intermediate compartment C3; this cover thus secures the retention, inside the front compartments C1 and C2 of the filling material 70, in particular during the displacement of the gabion 1, while allowing the sound-absorbing material 2 to pass therethrough during the filling of the intermediate compartment C3 with this material 2;
• in particular depending on the dimensions of the cage 10 of the gabion 1, the diaphragm partition 40 may be omitted or, conversely, several diaphragm partitions may be provided; likewise, a single lifting partition or, on the contrary, more than two lifting partitions can be provided; in the same spirit, for each lifting wall, a single gripping loop or more than two gripping handles can be provided; more generally, the arrangements relating to the diaphragm and lifting partitions are adapted to the size of the gabion 1; and or
• rather than occupying a median position between the front walls 12 and 13, the intermediate compartment C3 may be provided closer to one or other of these front walls.

Claims (15)

1. - A gabion (1), comprising:

   - a cage (10) basically box-shaped, and the cage comprises a bottom (11), located at the base of the cage, two frontal walls (12, 13), that are located on the two opposite lateral sides of the cage, and two side walls (14, 15), that are located on the two other side walls of the cage, the bottom, the frontal walls and the side walls are formed respectively from meshes (11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1, 15.1) that are fixed one to the other, and

   - two compartmenting partitions (20, 30), which each fixedly connect the side walls to each other inside the cage in such a way that the internal volume (V10) of the cage is split into:

   - two frontal compartments (C1, C2), which are bounded respectively between one (12) of the frontal walls and the one (20) of the two compartmenting partitions that is closest to that frontal wall and between the other frontal wall (13) and the other compartmenting partition (30), and which are each filled with a filler material (70) made up of aggregates that are too large to pass through the holes of the meshes of the bottom, the frontal walls and the side walls respectively, nor through the compartmenting partitions, in such a way that it is retained within those frontal compartments, and

   - an intermediate compartment (C3), which is bounded between the compartmenting partitions and which is able to receive a granular acoustic insulation material (2),

   characterised in that the gabion (1) further comprises at least one lifting partition (50, 60):

   - fixedly connecting the frontal walls (12, 13) to each other within the cage by extending through each of the frontal compartments (C1, C2) and the intermediate compartment (C3),

   - being opposite the bottom (11), fitted with at least one grab handle (51, 61), and

   - being, for the part laid out in the intermediate compartment, adapted in order to enable the aggregates of the acoustic insulation material (2) to pass through it in order that the acoustic insulation material may spread freely, within the intermediate compartment (C3), on either side of the lifting partition (50, 60).
2. - The gabion according to claim 1, characterised in that the filler material (70) comprises:

   - crushed stone,

   - building site rubble,

   - clinker,

   - crushed glass,

   - pieces of timber, of plastics, of composites, marble, chalk, limestone, dolomite or barite,

   - granules of natural calcium carbonate or precipitated calcium carbonate, that has undergone a surface reaction with carbon dioxide and one or more acids, the carbon dioxide being formed in situ by the action of the acid(s) and/or derived from an outside source, and

   - a mixture thereof.
3. - The gabion according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the or each lifting partition (50, 60) comprises a flat mesh (50.1, 60.1):

   - to which the grab handle(s) are fixed (51, 61),

   - being fixed to the meshes (11.1, 12.1, 13.1) of the bottom (11) and of the frontal walls (12, 13) respectively, and extends through each of the frontal compartments (C1, C2) and the intermediate compartment (C3), and

   - through whose holes the aggregates of the acoustic insulation material (2) can pass so as to spread on either side of the lifting partition (50, 60).
4. - The gabion according to claim 3, characterised in that each compartmenting partition (20, 30) comprises at least two flat meshes (20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4), fixed to the mesh (50.1, 60.1) of each lifting partition (50, 60), being laid out respectively on either side of that lifting partition.
5. - The gabion according to claim 4, characterised in that each mesh (20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4) of each compartmenting partition (20, 30) is fixed to the mesh (11.1) of the bottom (11), and that each of the two meshes (20.1, 20.4, 30.1, 30.4) in each compartmenting partition, which respectively abut the side walls (14, 15), is fixed to the mesh (14.1, 15.1) of the corresponding side wall.
6. - The gabion according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that each compartmenting partition (20, 30) also comprises for each of the meshes (20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4) in that compartmenting partition, a sheet of geotextile or of geo-synthetic material, that covers the entire face of the mesh turned towards the intermediate compartment and that is suited to preventing the acoustic insulation material crossing that mesh from that intermediate compartment (C3).
7. - The gabion according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that at least two grab handles (51, 61) are provided for the or each lifting partition (50, 60), shared across the frontal walls.
8. - The gabion according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that at least two listing partitions (50, 60) are provided, shared across the side walls.
9. - The gabion according to claim 8, characterised in that the gabion further comprises a diaphragm partition (40):

   - fixedly connecting the frontal walls (12, 13) to each other within the cage extending through each of the frontal compartments (C1, C2) and the intermediate compartment (C3),

   - being, for the part that is laid out within the intermediate compartment, suited to let the aggregates of the acoustic insulation material (2) pass through it so that the acoustic insulation material may spread freely, within the intermediate compartment (C3), on either side of the diaphragm partition (40), and

   - on either side of which at least two lifting partitions are set out (50, 60).
10. - A process for executing at least one gabion according to any one of the previous claims,
    characterised in that the process comprises, for each gabion (1, 1', 1"):

    - a moving step, during the course of which the gabion is moved from an initial position, where the frontal compartments (C1, C2) of the gabion are filled with the filler material (70), before the movement step, to a final position, where the gabion is definitively permanently installed, the gabion being lifted at least once between its initial position and its final position by hooking up and dragging on its grab handle(s) (51, 61); and

    - a filling step, which is executed after the moving step and during which a granular acoustic insulation material (2) is poured into the intermediate compartment (C3, C3', C3") of the gabion in its final position, spreading through the intermediate compartment, including through the lifting partition(s) (50, 60), until it at least partly fills that intermediate compartment.
11. - A noise barrier wall,
    characterised in that the noise barrier wall comprises at least one gabion (1, 1', 1") according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in addition to a granular acoustic insulation material (2) which at least partially fills the intermediate compartment (C3, C3', C3") of the or each gabion.
12. - The noise barrier wall according to claim 11, characterised in that the acoustic insulation material comprises:

    - a sand and gravel mix,

    - concrete,

    - crushed building site rubble,

    - crushed mining operation waste debris,

    - crushed pieces of marble, chalk, limestone, dolomite or barium,

    - granules of natural calcium carbonate or precipitated calcium carbonate, that has undergone a surface reaction with carbon dioxide and one or more acids, the carbon dioxide being formed in situ by the action of the acid(s) and/or derived from an outside source, and

    - a mixture thereof.
13. - The noise barrier wall according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that it further comprises:

    - at least two gabions (1, 1') which are, at least for part of each of them, stacked on top of each other in such a way that the respective intermediate compartments (C3, C3') of those gabions are laid out, at least in part, vertically above each other, and so that the holes of the mesh (11.1) at the bottom (11) of each gabion lets the aggregates of acoustic insulation material pass through, so that this acoustic insulation material may join up in the respective intermediate compartments of the gabions continuously through the bottom set up between those intermediate compartments; and/or

    - at least two gabions (1, 1") which are, at least for part of each of them, juxtaposed to each other by abutting one (14) of the side walls of one of the gabions against one (15") of the side walls of the other gabion, in such a way that the respective intermediate compartments (C3, C3") in those gabions are laid out, at least in part, horizontally across from each other, and so that the holes of the mesh (14.1, 15.1) of the side walls (14, 15) of each gabion will allow the aggregates of the acoustic insulation material (2) to pass through, so that the acoustic insulation material joins up the respective intermediate compartments of the gabions continuously through the side walls and those intermediate compartments.
14. - The noise barrier wall according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterised in that the noise barrier wall further comprises at least one side plugging element (103) for the intermediate compartment (C3) of the gabion(s) (1), applied to the outer face of one (15) of the two side walls of that gabion so that the acoustic insulation material is stopped from crossing that side wall from the intermediate compartment.
15. - The use of at least one gabion according to any one of claims 1 to 9 to build a noise barrier wall and/or a firewall to civil engineering work, public works, or industrial or private facilities.

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