EP3211643B1 - Limiteur de courant et arrangement electrique. - Google Patents

Limiteur de courant et arrangement electrique. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3211643B1
EP3211643B1 EP17155106.2A EP17155106A EP3211643B1 EP 3211643 B1 EP3211643 B1 EP 3211643B1 EP 17155106 A EP17155106 A EP 17155106A EP 3211643 B1 EP3211643 B1 EP 3211643B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
current limiter
current
connection
resistance material
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP17155106.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3211643A1 (fr
Inventor
Hubert Straub
Gerhard Braun
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
    • H01C1/1413—Terminals or electrodes formed on resistive elements having negative temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/04—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical resistance component and an electrical assembly containing the electrical resistance component and / or system according to the preambles of the independent claims.
  • resistors with negative temperature coefficients are used.
  • Such resistors are also called NTC resistors (Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistors) or thermistor. They have the characteristic that they have a high resistance in the cold state, for example, when no current or only a small current flows. As soon as the current flowing through the NTC resistor is increased, the resistance drops to a much smaller value due to the concomitant increase in the temperature of the resistor. Used as a current limiter during the startup of electric motors, these can reduce the initial current peak arising when the electric motor is switched on, due to the initially high resistance value.
  • the NTC resistor heats up quickly.
  • the subsequent temperature-dependent adjustment of the resistance to a much smaller value results in that the power of the motor is not significantly reduced. Likewise, no unnecessary power loss is generated in the current limiter itself.
  • resistance materials for thermistors for example, pure semiconductor materials, some compound semiconductors or various metallic alloys are used. Use find, for example, sintered or pressed metal oxides of copper, nickel, iron, titanium, manganese or Cobalt.
  • the NTC resistors in the form of electrical components have connection pins or wires, which are each contacted with the resistance material. The terminal pins or wires are then soldered, for example, within a circuit substrate. Bonding materials having a high electrical conductivity are generally used for the construction and connection technology, in order to keep unwanted supply resistance low. At the same time, such connecting materials have good thermal conductivity.
  • Typical solders such as Pb37.5-Sn37.5-In25 or In97-3Ag, have an electrical resistivity of 2.2 * 10 -5 ⁇ cm or of 2.5 * 10 -6 ⁇ cm and a good thermal conductivity of 25W / mK and 73 W / mK, respectively.
  • a temperature sensor in which a thermistor material is applied as a thin film on an insulating substrate.
  • an electrode connected to the thermistor material has a portion with a low thermal conductivity. With the help of this electrode section thermal interferences to the thermistor material are prevented by the electrode.
  • JP2008205384 describes a thermistor element made of a thermistor material for achieving an output voltage which varies linearly with temperature.
  • the invention is based on the object to propose an NTC resistor, which shows a very high heating behavior, whereby the resistance value is quickly reduced from a high initial value to a low value.
  • a good electrical connection should be ensured in order to keep the supply line resistance at high currents - for example, during operation of an electric motor - low.
  • it is an object to effectively reduce high current peaks within an electrical module and / or system, with occurring power losses being kept low.
  • the invention is based on the idea of achieving a high heating behavior of a thermistor by thermally insulating the NTC resistance material as far as possible from its nearest environment. In this way, a low thermal mass is to be achieved, which is essentially limited to the mass of the NTC resistor material.
  • the invention is therefore based on a current limiter with at least one connection contact.
  • the resistance component comprises an NTC resistance material, which is contacted by the at least one connection contact via an electrically conductive connection material.
  • the electrically conductive bonding material has a thermal conductivity of ⁇ 20W / m K, in particular 1-10 W / mK.
  • the heat is mainly absorbed by the thermally-isolated low mass of the NTC resistor material. Since the heat can no longer be dissipated via the next environment adjacent to the NTC resistance material, in particular the terminal contact, the NTC resistance material reaches high temperature values in a much shorter time. Because of the thermistor behavior, therefore, there are advantageously already low resistance values after a much shorter time. This ensures that high starting currents, for example when switching on electric motors or transformers, can be effectively reduced. At the same time, however, power losses are minimized due to the very fast setting of small resistance values.
  • connection material has an electrical resistivity of ⁇ 1 * 10 -3 ⁇ cm. In particular, this is between 1 * 10 -5 ⁇ cm - 1 * 10 -3 ⁇ cm. Despite a thermal insulation of the NTC resistor material can thus ensure a sufficiently good electrical conductivity, whereby a lead resistance is kept low in an advantageous manner.
  • the connecting material is an electrical Leitkleb, in particular a silver conductive adhesive, which connects the electrical connection contact with the NTC resistor material via a material connection with each other.
  • a conductive adhesive has a significantly lower thermal conductivity compared to a solder material.
  • the NTC resistor material can be thermally insulated at a sufficient electrical connection simultaneously.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer allows the thermal connection of the NTC resistance material to be set to the desired performance of the resistance component.
  • Electrically conductive adhesives have, for example, an electrical resistivity between 1 * 10 -4 ⁇ cm - 1 * 10 -3 ⁇ cm, whereas their thermal conductivity shows a value of 1-10 W / mK.
  • the connecting material has a pore structure.
  • pore structure is meant cavity-containing structures within the electrically conductive interconnect material, which cavities do not contribute to electrical power conduction.
  • the pore structure can be open or closed.
  • the pores or cavities are preferably filled with air. Air shows poor thermal conductivity, so it acts as an additional thermal insulator against the NTC resistor material.
  • the thermal mass of the bonding material is reduced by the pore structure, whereby a possible heat absorption of the heating NTC resistor material is further limited.
  • the bonding material is in the form of a metal foam or a metal wire mesh.
  • the bonding material is preferably contacted via a sintered connection with the NTC resistor material and / or more preferably with the connection contact materially.
  • the aluminum metal foam "ERG Aerospace Duocel®" called. This has an electrical resistivity of 2 - 20 * 10 -5 ⁇ cm and a thermal conductivity of about 9.7 W / mK.
  • the at least one connection contact comprises a connection element, which preferably serves as a connection plate, a connection wire or a connecting pin, in particular with a threaded area, for electrical contacting of the current limiter is trained.
  • a connection element which preferably serves as a connection plate, a connection wire or a connecting pin, in particular with a threaded area, for electrical contacting of the current limiter is trained.
  • the NTC resistance material is contacted by at least two connection contacts, so that a current flow from the one connection contact via the NTC resistance material to the other connection contact is made possible when an electrical voltage is applied.
  • Such a current limiter is used to reduce current peaks during switching on and / or off of the current leading components - such as electric motors or transformers - while optimized power dissipation.
  • a very simple embodiment of the current limiter is characterized in that the NTC resistance material is plate-like and has an upper side and a lower side, which are contacted at least in part by a respective terminal contact.
  • An external geometry of the plate-like NTC resistance material can be chosen arbitrarily, for example, round, square or polygonal. This results in an easy-to-implement stack construction of connecting layers, terminal contacts and the NTC resistor material in training the current limiter.
  • a planar design of the top and bottom of the NTC resistor material also allows a surface or line contact of a respective terminal contact.
  • the current limiter is designed to be mechanically robust overall, so ensuring high process reliability within an automated assembly and soldering on a circuit substrate can be.
  • connection contact can be embodied, for example, as a simple wire element or as a metallic sheet metal part, in particular a stamped or lasered sheet metal part, and at least over a section in FIG a plane of the top or bottom laterally protrude to the NTC resistor material. Beyond this section, the terminal contact, for example, by a bend, at an angle - for example, at right angles - continued to the above level.
  • the NTC resistance material between the top and bottom of an opening in particular in the form of a bore.
  • at least one of the contact terminals comprises a connection element which penetrates the opening and which is electrically insulated from the other contact terminal.
  • connection concepts can be realized, in which starting for at least one connection contact an axial connection option is required.
  • the connection element of the at least one connection contact is designed, for example, in the form of a connection pin, which contacts the NTC resistance material at least indirectly via a force, form and / or material connection.
  • connection contacts may comprise a carrier body, which is arranged in each case adjacent to the connection material and is connected to the connection element on a side of the carrier body opposite the connection material.
  • the at least one connection contact may be formed as a solder, weld, plug-in or screw contact.
  • the connection contact has a corresponding plug geometry, which is complementary to a corresponding plug geometry
  • Counter contact such as a crimping shoe, a insulation displacement contact element, a bore or a pin is formed.
  • the plug contact may in this case also be provided in such a way as to form a transitional or press fit in the mating contact by means of a mating operation.
  • the connection contact has a thread at least over a region, which produces a screw contact in cooperation with a closure element.
  • the screw is formed for example by a threaded pin and a threaded nut.
  • NTC resistor material is enclosed by an insulating protective compound and the at least one terminal contact with a terminal region protrudes from the protective compound. In this way, the NTC resistor material is well protected from external environmental and force effects.
  • the NTC resistor material is thermally encapsulated by the protective compound, so that a heating behavior of the NTC resistor material is favored.
  • the invention also leads to an electrical assembly and / or system with at least one current-carrying component, which is exposed to current peaks by switching operations. Such current peaks arise, for example, during a switch-on or switch-off process by a voltage application or removal on the at least one current-carrying component.
  • the electrical assembly and / or system also provides for the reduction of these current peaks before a current limiter.
  • the current limiter is in this case designed as an inventive component in one of the embodiments described above.
  • the advantage in an effective reduction of current peaks during the above switching operations, while simultaneously occurring power losses are minimized by setting small resistance values in a very short time.
  • the electrical assembly and / or system comprises a battery with a power connector.
  • the power connection forms at least one connection element of the at least one connection contact of the current limiter.
  • the current limiter or the resistance component according to the invention is an integral part of the battery, in particular in the form of a battery connection.
  • the power connector is designed as a from a base, in particular a housing surface of the battery, protruding connecting pin with a threaded portion.
  • the connection pin penetrates at least the breakthrough in the NTC resistance material and projects beyond this at least with a part of the threaded portion.
  • a first embodiment of a current limiter 100 is shown in a perspective sectional view.
  • the resistance component 100 comprises an NTC resistance material 10, which has a high resistance value at low temperatures, while the resistance values at high temperatures are greatly reduced. Accordingly, the resistance value is subject to a temperature dependency.
  • the current limiter 100 is designed as a thermistor or NTC resistor.
  • the resistance component 100 has two connection contacts 30 which are made laterally from a protective compound 40 which completely encloses or encapsulates the NTC resistance material 10.
  • the protective compound 40 is formed, for example, as a housing.
  • the connection contacts 30 are each designed, for example, as a wire element or a sheet metal part, for example a sheet metal stamped part.
  • the current limiter 100 can be contacted electrically within an electrical circuit, for example as part of an electrical assembly and / or electrical system 200, via the connection contacts 30 projecting laterally out of the housing 40.
  • each of the laterally guided out of the housing 40 connecting contacts 30 at least one connection region, which is preferably designed for electrical contacting of the current limiter 100 as a solder contact, welding contact or plug contact.
  • the connection contacts 30 are connected to the NTC resistance material 10 in a material-locking manner via a connection material 20.
  • the NTC resistor material 10 is preferably plate-like, so that the one terminal 30 a top 11 and the other terminal contact 30 a bottom 12 of the NTC resistor material 10 at least part of the surface, preferably the entire surface connects.
  • the housing 40 results in the interior of the housing 40, a stack structure of terminal contacts 30, the NTC resistor material 10 and between the terminal contacts 30 and the top 11 and bottom 12 of the NTC resistor 10 arranged connection material 20.
  • the connecting material 20 has a conscious low thermal conductivity.
  • the NTC resistance material 10 is to be thermally insulated from the connection contacts 30.
  • Good thermal insulation is exhibited when the thermal conductivity of the bonding material is 20 ⁇ 20 W / mK.
  • a particularly good thermal insulation is present at values between 1 and 10 W / mK.
  • the bonding material 20 has a low specific resistance, in particular ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 -3 ⁇ cm, preferably between 1 ⁇ 10 -5 ⁇ cm-1 ⁇ 10 -3 ⁇ cm.
  • a lead resistance of the resistance component 100 is kept sufficiently low.
  • Conductive adhesives are particularly suitable as connecting materials, with silver-conducting adhesives preferably being used.
  • connection contacts 30 basically have a carrier body 32, which are materially connected via the connection material 20 to the upper side 11 or lower side 12 of the NTC resistance material 10.
  • the carrier body 32 are each on a the Connecting material 20 opposite side of the support body 32 connected to a connecting element 31.
  • the connection element 31 of one connection contact 30 is in the form of a connection plate 31 "with a connection region 31a".
  • connection region 31a is formed, for example, as a tab protruding toward a base surface of the connection plate 31 ', wherein the connection region 31a" can additionally have one or more bends in the tab section.
  • the connection element 31 of the other connection contact 30 is designed essentially as a connection pin 31 ', which has a threaded area at its at least one end, The other end can in turn be connected to a base of a contact partner via a form, force or material connection, for example
  • the clamping connection results from the fact that the present stack construction is accommodated in a clamping manner between the abovementioned base area of a contact partner and a closure element 35, for example a threaded nut, brought into operative connection with the threaded area of the connecting pin 31 '
  • a closure element 35 for example a threaded nut
  • a further metal sleeve 37 can be received within the insulating sleeve 36 in order, for example, to mechanically support the stack structure and the clamping closure.
  • the stack construction may have further elements supporting the terminal closure. So can For example, on the side of the closure element 35, a washer 34 adjacent to the carrier body 32 complete the stack construction.
  • a further disc for example a spring washer 38, can also be accommodated within the stack structure and support the maintenance of the clamping closure.
  • the current limiter 100 is part of an electrical assembly / or plant 200 with live components, in particular an electric motor and / or a transformer.
  • the electrical assembly and / or system 200 is charged by switching on and / or off operations on the current-carrying components caused current spikes.
  • current limiter 100 is used as a current limiter circuitry.
  • a power source for example a battery
  • the design can be followed Fig. 2a and 2 B as battery terminal 200 'integrally provide.
  • the power connection is then to be provided as the connection pin 31 ', whereas, for example, a battery housing surface or other surface offers the counter surface necessary for the clamping connection.
  • the connecting material 20 may be designed in the form of a metal foam, for example an aluminum metal foam, or a metallic wire mesh.
  • a connection to the NTC resistance material 10 is then carried out, for example, by a sintered connection.
  • a simple support contact is sufficient, which can be permanently maintained by a frictional connection due to the present terminal closure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Details Of Resistors (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Limiteur de courant (100) pourvu d'au moins un contact à borne (30), le limiteur de courant (100) comprenant un matériau résistif NTC (10) lequel est contacté par l'au moins un contact à borne (30) par l'intermédiaire d'une matière de liaison (20) conductrice d'électricité, pour augmenter un découplage thermique du contact à borne (30) du matériau résistif NTC (10), la matière de liaison (20) conductrice d'électricité faisant preuve d'une conductibilité thermique de ≤ 20W/mK, notamment de 1 à 10 W/mK.
  2. Limiteur de courant (100) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la matière de liaison (20) fait preuve d'une résistance électrique spécifique de ≤ 1*10-3 Ωcm, notamment comprise entre 1*10-5 Qcm et 1*10-3 Ωcm.
  3. Limiteur de courant (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la matière de liaison (20) est une colle conductrice d'électricité, notamment une colle conductrice à l'argent, laquelle relie l'un à l'autre le contact à borne (30) électrique avec le matériau résistif NTC (10) via une liaison par matière.
  4. Limiteur de courant (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la matière de liaison (20) comporte une structure poreuse, de préférence sous la forme d'une mousse métallique ou d'un treillis métallique.
  5. Limiteur de courant (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins un contact à borne (30) comprend un élément de raccordement (31, 31', 31"), lequel est conçu de préférence sous la forme d'une tôle de raccordement, d'un fil métallique de raccordement, ou d'un tourillon de raccordement, notamment avec une zone filetée pour la mise en contact électrique du composant résistif (100).
  6. Limiteur de courant (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau résistif NTC (10) est contacté par au moins deux contacts à bornes (30), de sorte que lors de l'application d'une tension électrique, une circulation de courant est possible de l'un contact à borne (30) via le matériau résistif NTC (10) vers l'autre contact à borne (30), du fait du découplage thermique vers les contacts à bornes (30), le matériau résistif NTC (10) traversé par le courant faisant preuve d'un comportant de chauffe élevé.
  7. Limiteur de courant (100) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le matériau résistif NTC (10) est conçu sous la forme d'une plaque et comporte une face supérieure et une face inférieure (11, 12), lesquelles sont contactées au moins sur une partie de leur surface par chaque fois un contact à borne (30).
  8. Limiteur de courant (100) selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'entre la face supérieure et la face inférieure (11, 12), le matériau résistif NTC (10) comporte un ajour, notamment sous la forme d'un perçage, au moins l'un des contacts à bornes (30) comprenant un élément de raccordement (31'), lequel traverse l'ajour et lequel est électriquement isolé vers l'autre contact à borne (30).
  9. Limiteur de courant (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins un contact à borne (30) comprend un corps porteur (32) qui est placé en étant adjacent à la matière de liaison (20) et sur une face du corps porteur (32) située au vis-à-vis de la matière de liaison (20) est relié avec l'élément de raccordement (31, 31', 31").
  10. Limiteur de courant (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins un contact à borne (30) est conçu sous la forme d'un contact à braser, d'un contact à souder, d'un contact enfichable ou d'un contact à visser.
  11. Limiteur de courant (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau résistif NTC (10) est entouré d'une masse protectrice (40) isolante et l'au moins un contact à borne (30) saillit par une zone de raccordement (31, 31', 32") hors de la masse protectrice (40).
  12. Ensemble et/ou installation électrique (200) comportant au moins un composant conducteur d'électricité, qui par le biais de processus de commutation, notamment lors d'un processus de mise sous tension ou de mise hors tension, par une application ou une coupure de tension sur l'au moins un composant conducteur d'électricité est exposé à des crêtes de courant et comportant un limiteur de courant destiné à réduire lesdites crêtes de courant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 bis 11.
EP17155106.2A 2016-02-26 2017-02-08 Limiteur de courant et arrangement electrique. Active EP3211643B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016203100.7A DE102016203100A1 (de) 2016-02-26 2016-02-26 Elektrisches Widerstandsbauteil und elektrische Baugruppe und/oder Anlage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3211643A1 EP3211643A1 (fr) 2017-08-30
EP3211643B1 true EP3211643B1 (fr) 2018-10-17

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EP17155106.2A Active EP3211643B1 (fr) 2016-02-26 2017-02-08 Limiteur de courant et arrangement electrique.

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EP (1) EP3211643B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016203100A1 (fr)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2385531A1 (fr) * 2010-05-05 2011-11-09 Grundfos Management a/s Câble d'alimentation avec ntc thermistance intégré

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4548431B2 (ja) * 2007-02-22 2010-09-22 Ｔｄｋ株式会社 サーミスタ組成物及びサーミスタ素子
JP5896160B2 (ja) * 2012-09-28 2016-03-30 三菱マテリアル株式会社 温度センサ

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2385531A1 (fr) * 2010-05-05 2011-11-09 Grundfos Management a/s Câble d'alimentation avec ntc thermistance intégré

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DE102016203100A1 (de) 2017-08-31
EP3211643A1 (fr) 2017-08-30

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