EP3211153B1 - Step for stairway and spiral staircase - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a step for a staircase according to claim 1 or 2, a spiral staircase according to claim 5 and to a blank for the step for a spiral staircase according to claim 15.
It is known to make steps for stairs made of metal, for example, relatively stiff sheet metal. It is also known to attach steps made of sheet metal via a welding attachment to a support structure. The support structure may be formed by a part of the building or by cheeks, which are fastened to the building part and which in turn form a fastening possibility for the steps. The support structure may also be formed by a frame or the like.

The document DE 202 14 211 U1 discloses a step for a staircase according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention has for its object to provide a step for a staircase of sheet material, which can be easily and inexpensively manufacture and assemble.
This object is solved by the features of claim 1 or 2.
In the stage according to the invention this is folded from a flat sheet metal blank to a U- or C-shaped profile. Such a profile has a tread portion with a front and a rear folded side and folded end portions. The side portions or the end portions have tabs at the ends which are bendable against the inside or outside of the adjacent end portion or side portion. The tabs and the end sections or side sections have holes that lie one above the other when bending the tabs for a screw fastening to inner and outer holding means for the stairs. Essential to the invention is that the tread is set under tension by the side portions and / or end portions folded by less than 90 ° and bent by subsequent deformation to about 90 ° are. When bending, a plastic deformation takes place in the edge area. The subsequent deformation is substantially elastic and therefore suitable for building up a clamping state. The tabs on the side portions or end portions, which in turn bent tabs on the side portions or end portions are brought under tension with their holes to the holes in the end portions or side sections in accordance and held by screws in the aligned holes under tension. In this way, the stages can take a higher load. Alternatively, at the same load, the blanks of sheet material may be made thinner.

The invention is of course also applicable to steps for a spiral staircase or spiral staircase. The step is formed from a flat sheet metal blank into a U-shaped or C-shaped profile having front and rear side portions bent from the trapezoidal tread surface, an outer end portion bent from the tread surface and two inner end portions bent from the tread surface, which are formed by tabs of the side sections. The inner and outer flaps and the outer end portion have holes, the tread surface being similarly tensioned, as explained in connection with claim 1.

The profile of the stage according to the invention formed in this way is also able to cope with high loads and has the advantage that the sheet metal blank can be relatively thin, which reduces the economic outlay. A welding of the stage according to the invention is not required, because a simple screw fastening can be provided.

The stage according to the invention can be advantageously used both for straight and spiral staircases. For straight stairs, the tread is preferably rectangular. In spiral staircases, the tread may be trapezoidal with a larger width outside and a smaller width inside.

It is understood that pedestal for the described stairs can equally be performed according to the invention, if they have the same or similar profile.

The material is preferably aluminum or steel, in particular stainless steel into consideration.

The peculiarity of a spiral staircase is that it has an internal, central spindle support, e.g. can be formed by a tube around which a helical railing with handrail is guided. The steps are located between the spindle support and the outer railing, depending on the arrangement of the spiral staircase, whether the steps are fixed to posts of the railing or to a cheek at the level of the steps or otherwise. The invention also relates to a spiral staircase and a step for this, as it is usable for free-standing spiral staircases. Freestanding spiral staircases are used e.g. needed in wind turbines. It should be avoided if possible to tie the outside stairs to the towers, so that the statics tight for the towers is not affected. According to the invention, the spiral staircase is provided with steps as indicated in claims 1 and 2. The steps may include internally folded flange portions formed on the side wall portions and end portions, respectively, for increased stability. The screws which hold the mutually braced sections of the step can at the same time serve as the screw connection for fastening the step to the holding means.

The steps according to the invention can be delivered prefabricated to the construction site or finally formed at the construction site.

The profile of the stage according to the invention formed in this way is relatively firm against bending forces as they occur when using the stage. As a result, a relatively thin sheet metal blank can be used for the formation of the stage. Also advantageous is the attachment of the stage by means of screw fasteners, whereby welding is superfluous. According to one embodiment of the invention, the spindle support is formed as a tube with circular or polygonal cross-section. Preferably, a circular cross section is used.

The steps are preferably bolted to the outside with two successive posts of a railing, whereby each post following a post is connected by means of superimposed screw fasteners with adjacent steps. Except for the lowest step, all steps are bolted to the outside with two posts, with one post also holding the next higher or next lower level. In this way, a post of the next level also takes on a one-step load.

In a C-shaped cross-section, the side portions have inwardly folded flange portions. Preferably, the outer end portion bears against the ends of the flange portions. This limits deformation of this end portion to the inside.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the inner end edge of the tread portion is adapted to the contour of the spindle support, e.g. rounded if the column has a circular cross-section. The flange sections, if provided, preferably abut on the spindle support and have a shape adapted to the contour of the spindle support, for example, they are also rounded.

In order to continue to counteract a security against the bending of the step under load, an embodiment of the invention provides that a tab is provided on a fastening lug which bears against the outside of a side section is folded. Alternatively it can be provided that the outer attachment lug has by punching a tongue or the like, which is inflected into an aligned opening of the other attachment lug.

In the spiral staircase according to the invention, the steps are held substantially via the connection to the spindle support. The steps thus collar away from the spindle support. Therefore, the screw attachment to the spindle support is an important design feature. With regard to the screw fastening, an embodiment of the invention provides that the screw fastening is arranged on the spindle support in the upper half of the end section or the fastening lugs. Preferably, the screw fastening is at the beginning of the upper third of the end portion or the fastening portions. The bolt provided for the screw fastening is subjected to tension when a step is loaded while the lower portion of the end portion of the step is pressed against the spindle support.

The stage of the invention can be used for a variety of uses of spiral staircases. The step is preformed from a flat sheet metal blank by bending and then finish formed by turning on about the end and / or side sections to 90 ° to create the tension on the tread. This can be done before it is brought to the construction site. Alternatively, the final molding can be done at the construction site. At the construction site, it is only necessary to fasten the step by means of screws in the manner described above. Elaborate welding accounts. In particular, when welding sheet metal parts very easily the risk of warping, which may not be guaranteed the security of the spiral staircase.

Fig. 1

zeigt die Draufsicht auf einen Zuschnitt aus Blechmaterial für eine erfindungsgemäße Stufe.

Fig. 2

zeigt perspektivisch einen kleinen Ausschnitt aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Spindeltreppe.

Fig. 3

zeigt die Draufsicht auf einen Zuschnitt aus Blechmaterial für die erfindungsgemäße Stufe.

Fig. 4

zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Stufe, die aus dem Blechzuschnitt nach Fig. 3 gekantet ist und die innen an einer rohrförmigen Spindelstütze und außen an Pfosten eines Geländers befestigt ist.

Fig. 5

zeigt die Seitenansicht der Stufe nach Fig. 4.

Fig. 6

zeigt vergrößert die Anbringung der Stufe an einer Spindelstütze gemäß Fig. 4.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings.

Fig. 1

shows the top view of a blank of sheet material for a stage according to the invention.

Fig. 2

shows in perspective a small section of a spiral staircase according to the invention.

Fig. 3

shows the top view of a blank of sheet material for the stage according to the invention.

Fig. 4

shows a stage according to the invention, from the sheet metal blank after Fig. 3 folded and the inside of a tubular spindle support and outside is attached to posts of a railing.

Fig. 5

shows the side view of the step Fig. 4 ,

Fig. 6

shows enlarged the attachment of the step to a spindle support according to Fig. 4 ,

In Fig. 1 a sheet metal blank 100 is shown, which may have smooth surfaces or non-slip surfaces. The blank 100 has a rectangular tread surface portion 102, opposite rectangular side portions 104, 106 and adjoining these flange portions 108 and 110, respectively. The side portions 104, 106 are first bent relative to the tread portion 102 by less than 90 °. The fold can be done for example by 80 °. The deviation of the fold of 90 ° largely depends on the elastic modulus or plastic behavior of the sheet. The flange sections 108, 110 are bent over the side sections 104, 106 or by 90 °. Subsequently, the side portions 104, 106 are further substantially elastically bent up to an angle of approximately 90 ° relative to the tread surface 102. Thus, results in a cross-sectionally C-shaped profile. The end portions can also be folded by less than 90 ° in order then to be bent by further bending by about 90 ° relative to the tread surface 102. At the ends of the Side sections 104, 106 are tabs 112-116 connected, which are free from end portions 120 by a cut. The end sections 120, 122 are adjoined by flange sections 124, 126, which in turn are folded by 90 ° relative to the end sections 120, 122. The tabs 112-118 have holes 128. Also, the end portions 120, 122 have holes 130 in the end portion. In the final molding of the blank 100, the flange portions are outboard 124, 126 on the flange portions 106, 108 or inside underneath. Depending on how shaped, the flange portions 112-114 lie on the outside of the end portions 120, 122 on or on the inside. In each case, the adjacent holes 128, 130 overlap, so that the step formed in this way can be screwed by means of screw fastening to a support structure.

Since the final turn of the side portions 104, 106 at an angle of approximately 90 ° with respect to the tread 102 by applying a bending force, a tread 102 is generated on the tread 102 in the transverse direction to the tread 102, by the screws passing through the holes 128 , 130 are stuck, is maintained. In this way, the carrying capacity of the cut with FIG. 1 level significantly increased.

In Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a small part of a cantilevered spiral staircase shown schematically. There are only two stages that follow each other, designated 60. The steps are connected at the inner end to a spindle support 62, for example a tube of circular cross-section. Externally, the steps 60 are attached to posts 70 and 71, respectively, of an indicated helical railing which circumferentially surrounds the spindle support 62. A handrail 63 of the railing is supported in the lower end of a handrail 65, which is placed on a solid surface or attached to this. The entire staircase construction is supported by four supports fixed to the ground, allowing the spiral staircase to be cantilevered. The attachment of the supports 67 should not continue to be discribed. They are arranged at an angle of 90 ° around the spiral staircase.

How to get out Fig. 2 recognizes, are attached to a post 71 and 72 respectively two successive stages 60 outside. The screw fasteners on a post 70, 71 are thus one above the other. If, for example, the first stage 60 is loaded, the force is also transferred in part to the next following step, which is likewise fastened to the post 70 or 71. This then applies to all further stages, so that the force absorption takes place when loading a stage not only on the spindle support 62, but also in each case by the adjacent upper and lower stage on the associated posts.

Between the posts 70, 71 plates 73 are arranged near the steps 60. They serve security. They are intended to prevent the user from stepping out or slipping with his foot.

Fig. 3 shows a sheet metal blank 10 with smooth surfaces. However, it can also consist of a sheet metal with a non-slip plane. The sheet metal blank 10 has a trapezoidal tread surface 12. In the step formed from the blank 10, which will be discussed below, there is an inner and an outer end. The inner end is attached to a spindle support and the outer end, for example, to posts of a railing. In the FIGS. 3 to 7 therefore points the inner end to the left and the outer end to the right. Thus, the tread 12 widened outward steadily. In the edge regions of the tread this is provided with holes 14 through which the slip resistance for the user to be increased.

Side sections 16, 18 adjoin the tread surface 12 and are folded around lines 20 and 22, respectively, with respect to the tread surface. The lines 20, 22 are merely geometric. A processing of the blank 10 is not required for the fold. At the side portions 16, 18 narrow flange sections close 24, 26, which are folded over edge lines 28, 30 relative to the side portions 16, 18. The side sections 16, 18 are also slightly trapezoidal, but with narrowing to the outer end.

At the outer end of the tread surface portion 12, an outer end portion 32 connects, which is opposite the tread surface 12 via a crease line 34 by about 90 ° with respect to the tread surface 12 is bendable. At the end portion 32, a flange 36 connects, which is approximately 90 ° with respect to the end portion 32 can be folded. The end portion 32 has holes 33.

In extension of the side sections 16, 18 tabs 40, 42 are provided, which are each provided with a hole 44.

In the extension of the inner end of the side sections 16, 18 are tab-shaped mounting lugs 46, 48 are provided, which can be bent around a Kantlinie 50 and 52 relative to the side portions 16, 18 by approximately 90 °. As in Fig. 1 to recognize the Kant lines 50, 52 relative to the end edge of the side portions 16, 18 offset slightly inwards. In addition, a cut is provided over the length of the offset, so that the edges of the side portions 16, 18 project slightly beyond the attachment lugs 46, 48 when folding the attachment lugs 46, 48. These are also provided with a hole 50. The attachment lug 46 also has a tab 54, which will be discussed in more detail below.

In the deformation of the blank 10 after FIG. 3 For the finished stage, the side portions 16, 18 are first folded by less than 90 ° about the lines 20, 22, for example by 80 °. Subsequently, by further elastic deformation work, the bending of the side sections 16, 18 up to about 90 °, so that the in turn bent tabs 40, 42 are aligned with their holes 44 with the holes 33 of the end portion 33. Through the aligned holes 33, 44 can with Help a screw or a pin that will be maintained in this way on the tread 12 voltage. This is maintained by the matching holes 50 of the mounting lugs 46, 48, through which a screw is inserted through for attachment to a spindle support.

The inner end edge of the tread 12 is rounded in a circular arc, as shown at 56. The end edges of the flange portions 24, 26, designated 58, are also rounded to the same radius as the end edge 56. The meaning of this rounding will be explained below.

If the crop is after Fig. 3 bent in the manner described results in a plan view and side view of a step 60 according to the FIGS. 4 and 5 , This results in the cross section of the step 60, a C-shaped profile. It can also be seen that the step 60 at the inner end of the tubular spindle support 62 of the spiral staircase after Fig. 2 The fastening lugs 46, 48 are arranged overlapping each other, wherein the holes 50 are aligned with each other for receiving the screw bolt 64. This is on the one hand, the outer mounting lug 56 against the Spindle support 62 on. Further, the rounded end edges 58 of the flange portions 24, 26 abut against the spindle support 64 as well Fig. 5 to recognize hinted. In addition, the rounded end edge 56 bears against the spindle support 62.

The tab 54 ( Fig. 3 ) can be folded against the outer side portion 18 adjacent to provide a security against the bending apart of the side portions 16, 18 at a load on the tread 12. It is also possible to form in the attachment lug 56 a nose, tongue or the like by punching, which can then be formed in a corresponding opening of the inner attachment lug 58. However, this is not shown in the drawings.

The attachment of the right end of the step 60 to the post 65 of the spiral staircase FIG. 2 is in the FIGS. 4 and 5 not indicated. It is done by means of the screws, which are performed by the aligned holes 33, 44 of tabs 40, 42 and end portion 32.

In Fig. 7, the attachment of the step 60 to the tubular spindle support 62 is shown in more detail. The bolt 64 has a head 76 which bears against the outside of the spindle support. The bolt 64 extends through corresponding holes in the spindle support 62 and through the holes 50 in the mounting bosses 46, 48 into the interior of the step 60. Threaded on the threaded portion of the bolt 64 is a nut 78, with the nut 78 and the overlapping ones Mounting lugs 46, 48 a thick abutment disc 80 is arranged. The bolt 64 is surrounded by a support sleeve 82 which is supported at the right end against the inner wall of the spindle support 62 and extends with its right end through the corresponding hole in the wall of the spindle support 62 in abutment against a flange 84 of the bolt head 76th becomes tightened the bolt 60, the step 60 is tightened against the facing wall of the spindle support 62 with great force. However, the support sleeve 62 prevents deformation of the spindle support. Since a spiral staircase provides a series of steps which are fixed to the spindle support 62 at a relatively short distance in the manner described, the respective support sleeves form an effective internal support of the spindle support against the external load. This has the consequence that the wall of the spindle support 62 can be made relatively thin and small in diameter, which considerably reduces the material used for the spiral staircase.

As it turned out Fig. 5 results, the bolt 64 is located at the beginning of the upper third of the height of the step. It is therefore charged under stress of the discharging stage 60 substantially to train. The pressure load takes place in the lower region of the end region of the step 60.

Claims (15)

1. A step for a stairway, wherein the step is shaped into a U- or C-shaped profile made of a flat sheet metal blank (100) made of sheet metal material with a walking surface section (102), a front and a rear bent side section (104, 106) and bent end sections (120, 122), wherein the end sections (120, 122) or respectively side sections (104, 106) have holes (130) for a screw fastening on inner and outer holding means for a stairway, characterized in that the side sections (104, 106) and/or the end sections (120, 122) have buttstraps (112-118) on the ends, which are bendable against the inside or outside of the adjacent end section or side section and the buttstraps (112-118) have holes (128) for a screw fastening on inner and outer holding means for a stairway, wherein the walking surface is tensioned in that the side sections and/or end sections are beveled by less than 90° and are bent to approximately 90° by subsequent elastic deformation and the in turn bent buttstraps on the side sections or end sections are brought into conformity tensioned with their holes (128) to the holes (130) in the end sections or respectively side sections and are held tensioned in the aligned holes with screws.
2. A step for a spiral staircase, in particular a newel staircase, characterized in that the step (60) made of a flat sheet metal blank is shaped into a U- or C-shaped profile in cross-section, which has a front and a rear side section (16, 18) bent away from the trapezoidal walking surface (12), an outer end section (32) bent away from the walking surface and two inner end sections bent away from the walking surface, which are formed by inner buttstraps (46, 48) of the side sections, wherein the front and rear side sections (16, 18) each have an outer buttstrap (40, 42), wherein the inner and outer buttstraps (46, 48; 40, 42) and the outer end section (32) have holes (50; 44; 33), wherein the walking surface is tensioned in that the side sections and/or the end sections are beveled by less than 90° and are subsequently bent to approximately 90° and the in turn bent buttstraps (46, 48; 40, 42) on the side sections or end sections are brought into conformity tensioned with their holes to the holes in the end sections or respectively side sections and are held tensioned in the aligned holes with screws.
3. The step according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the screws simultaneously serve to fasten the step on inner and/or outer holding means.
4. The step according to claim 1, characterized in that the side sections (104, 106) and/or end sections (120, 122) have inward-beveled flange sections (108, 110) or respectively (124, 126).
5. A stairway, which has a central spiral support and an outer, helical guardrail with a post bearing a handrail, wherein the steps are fastened on the inside on the spiral support and on the outside on a holding means, characterized in that the step (60) is shaped into a U- or C-shaped profile made of a flat sheet metal blank (10), which has bent front and rear side sections and two separated inner end sections and an outer bent end section, wherein the steps are formed according to the claims 2 to 4.
6. The stairway according to claim 5, characterized in that the overlapping buttstraps (46, 48) are fastened on the inner end of the side sections by means of a stud bolt (64) passing through the spiral support (62) and the aligned holes (50) of the buttstrap.
7. The stairway according to claim 6, characterized in that the spiral support (62) is a tube with a circular or a multi-edged cross-section.
8. The stairway according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the inner edge (56) of the walking surface section (12) is adjusted to the contour of the spiral support (62).
9. The stairway according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized inward-edged flange sections of the side sections (16, 18) have on the inner end an edge, which is adjusted to the contour of the spiral support (62).
10. The stairway according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the inner edge of the walking surface section (12) and/or the inner edge of the beveled flange sections are rounded and rest against the rounding of a circular spiral tube.
11. The stairway according to one of claim 5 to 10, characterized in that one of the inner buttstraps (46) has an appendage (54), which is edged against the outside of a side section (18).
12. The stairway according to one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that a relatively rigid plate (80) rests against the inner side of the inner-lying inner buttstrap (48), which forms a counter bearing for a nut (78) screwed on the stud bolt or the head of the stud bolt.
13. The stairway according to one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the screw fastening on the spiral support (62) is arranged in the upper half of the end section or respectively the fastening appendages (46, 48).
14. The stairway according to claim 13, characterized in that the screw fastening is arranged at the start of the upper third of the end section or respectively of the fastening appendages (46, 48).
15. A blank made of sheet metal material for a step of a spiral staircase with

    - a trapezoidal walking surface section (12) continuously widening from inside to outside with an inner end edge (56)

    - bevelable, preferably trapezoidal side sections (16, 18) bordering both sides of the walking surface section (12)

    - respectively one buttstrap (40, 42) on the outer end of the side sections (16, 18) with a hole (44)

    - respectively one bevelable buttstrap-shaped fastening appendage (46, 48) on the inner end of the side sections (16, 18) with a hole (50)

    - an outer, bevelable end section (32) as a lengthening of the walking surface section (12) with holes (33), wherein

    - the holes (44; 33) in the buttstraps (40, 42) as well in the outer end section (32) are arranged such that they can be aligned with each other in the case of a deformation of the blank into a U-shaped profile with buttstraps (40, 42) bent towards the side sections, and the holes (50) in the buttstrap-shaped fastening appendages (46, 48) are arranged such that they can be aligned with each other in the case of a deformation of the blank into a U-shaped profile.

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