EP3206088A1 - Escapement mechanism - Google Patents
Escapement mechanism Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3206088A1 EP3206088A1 EP16154993.6A EP16154993A EP3206088A1 EP 3206088 A1 EP3206088 A1 EP 3206088A1 EP 16154993 A EP16154993 A EP 16154993A EP 3206088 A1 EP3206088 A1 EP 3206088A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wheel
- escape
- escape wheel
- anchor
- mobile
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021183 entrée Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B15/00—Escapements
- G04B15/06—Free escapements
- G04B15/08—Lever escapements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B15/00—Escapements
- G04B15/10—Escapements with constant impulses for the regulating mechanism
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/26—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of the impulses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
- G04B17/285—Tourbillons or carrousels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an escapement mechanism for a timepiece. More particularly, the present invention relates to a translation escapement mechanism.
- oscillations of the oscillating mobile acting regulating member are maintained by a pulse of the escape wheel transmitted by the anchor to the axis of the regulating organ.
- oscillations of the oscillatory mobile are maintained by a displacement of the equilibrium point of said oscillatory mobile.
- it is the outer end of the sprung spring attached to the stud is moved.
- the oscillatory mobile continues but never finds its equilibrium position which is constantly modified by the escape mechanism which maintains the oscillations of said oscillatory mobile.
- the escapement designed by the watchmaker Benoit is an example of a translation escapement mechanism.
- the displacements or translations of the equilibrium point of the regulating organ intervene at regular intervals and have the same duration and the same amplitude.
- the duration of execution of a displacement or translation of the equilibrium point of the oscillatory mobile depends on the energy supplied to the escape mechanism. In a timepiece comprising a mechanical movement powered by a barrel, this duration will depend on the winding of the mainspring and therefore vary according to the power reserve. This variation has obvious drawbacks of chronometry.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks and to provide an escape mechanism and in particular a translational escapement mechanism which makes it possible to substantially always have the same energy transmitted to the oscillating mobile so as to improve the timekeeping.
- the subject of the present invention is a translational escapement mechanism comprising an oscillating mobile, a first escape wheel, the first escape wheel being arranged to cooperate with the oscillating mobile device in order to move the equilibrium point of said oscillating mobile device. an amplitude determined at each oscillation of said mobile and an anchor wheel arranged to cooperate with the first escape wheel, characterized in that the escape mechanism further comprises a second escape wheel and a force spring constant connecting the first escape wheel to the second escape wheel and in that the anchor mobile is also arranged to cooperate with the second escape wheel.
- the present invention also relates to a timepiece comprising an exhaust mechanism as above.
- the exhaust mechanism according to the invention is a constant force translation escapement mechanism. It is intended to equip a timepiece including a watch movement.
- the escapement mechanism according to the invention comprises a mobile of constant force, an escape mobile, an oscillating mobile and an anchor mobile.
- the escape mobile illustrated at figure 3a comprises an exhaust pinion 6 secured to an exhaust pin 7 pivoted on a fixed piece 8 of the plate or movement of the timepiece.
- a first escape wheel 9 is also integral with the exhaust shaft 7.
- the constant-force mobile illustrated at figure 2 comprises an input pinion 1 meshing with the movement gear of the timepiece, a second escapement wheel 2 integral with the input pinion 1 and a spring of constant force 3.
- the pinion input 1 rotates around the axis 4 of an intermediate wheel 5.
- the constant force spring 3 is fixed at its outer end 3a to an attachment point 2a of the second escape wheel 2, while its inner end is fixed to the axis 4 of the intermediate wheel 5.
- the torque of the gear of the movement of the timepiece is transmitted from the input gear 1 to the intermediate wheel 5 by the constant force spring 3 which is permanently energized.
- the intermediate wheel 5 of the mobile of constant force meshes with the exhaust pinion 6 of the mobile escape.
- the oscillatory mobile illustrated at figure 3b comprises a rocker 10 and a hairspring 11, one end, preferably the inner end, is fixed to the rocker 10 while the other end, preferably the one outside, is fixed to an external attachment point 12 secured to 7.
- the oscillatory mobile which is the regulating member of the exhaust mechanism according to the invention, pivots concentrically to the escapement mobile.
- the oscillating wheel pivots on the piece 8.
- the oscillatory motive does not appear in the Figures 5 to 13 , only the external attachment point 12 carried by the exhaust shaft 7 is visible and serves to illustrate the forces exerted on the hairspring 11 of the oscillating mobile and on the exhaust shaft 7 and the first escape wheel 9.
- the anchor mobile illustrated at figure 4 comprises an anchor shank 13 on which are rotated a first anchor 15 and a second anchor 14.
- the first and second anchors 15, 14 are integral in rotation.
- the first anchor 15 is intended to cooperate with the first escape wheel 9 while the second anchor 14 is intended to cooperate with the second escape wheel 2.
- Each of the first and second anchors 15, 14 comprises two arms terminated respectively by an input pallet 15a, 14a and an output pallet 15b, 14b.
- the first and second anchors 15, 14 are coaxial and arranged on the anchor shank 13 so that the first anchor 15 is at the same height as the first escape wheel 9 while the second anchor 15 is at the same height as the first escape wheel 9 while the second anchor 15 is anchor 14 is at the same height as the second escape wheel 2.
- the entry pallet 14a and the output pallet 14b of the second anchor 14 respectively comprise a bevelled end 141, 142 connecting the outer side 143, 144 to the inner side 145, 146 of said entry pallet 14a. respectively of said output pallet 14b.
- the outer edge 143 of the entry pallet 14a and the inner side 146 of the output pallet 14b of the second anchor 14 form a rest plane.
- the entry pallet 15a of the first anchor 15 illustrated in detail at the figure 6 has an inner flank 151 followed by a tapered end 150 and a flat portion 152, connecting said inner flank 151 to the outer flank of the input pallet 15a.
- This outside edge of the entry pallet 15a comprises a first rest plane 153 substantially parallel to the inner side 151 of the entry pallet 15 and a resting notch which is preferably formed of a second rest plane 154 inclined and a third plane of rest 155 connecting the second rest plane 154 to the plane portion 142.
- the intersection of the second and third rest planes 154, 155 forms a line of rest 156 of the input pallet 15a.
- the end of the output pallet 15b of the first anchor 15 illustrated in FIG. figure 6 has a beveled end 157 connecting the outer side 158 to the inner side 159 of the output pallet 15b.
- the spring of constant force 3 which is reassembled at each oscillation of the oscillatory mobile, makes it possible to filter the torque variations of the gear train of the workpiece mechanism. clock on the mobile exhaust.
- the torque of the train tends to rotate the input gear 1 and the second escapement wheel 2 counterclockwise (it will be associated with a negative sign).
- the constant force spring 3 it is arranged so that its torque tends to rotate the intermediate wheel 5 counterclockwise (thus also has a negative sign). Consequently, the torque due to the constant force spring 3 and acting on the first escape wheel 9 tends to rotate it clockwise and this torque opposite the torque of the constant force spring 3 therefore has a positive sign.
- the oscillatory mobile exerts a torque on the outer attachment point 12 of the exhaust shaft 7 which tends to turn the first escape wheel 9 clockwise during the first alternation (positive torque) and counterclockwise during second alternation (negative torque).
- the escape mechanism according to the invention is in a first blocking phase A illustrated in FIG. figure 5 .
- the oscillating mobile and in particular the hairspring 11 exert a torque on the outer attachment point 12 of the exhaust shaft 7 which tends to rotate the first escape wheel 9 in the clockwise.
- the resultant pairs of the spring 11 and the constant force spring 3 acting on the first escape wheel 9 tends to rotate it clockwise.
- the escape mechanism according to the invention is arranged so that the only mobile in movement is the oscillatory motive that performs its first alternation.
- the input pinion 1 and the second escape wheel 2 are locked by the second anchor 14, a tooth of said second escape wheel 2 being in abutment against the rest plane 143 of the entry pallet 14a of the second anchor 14.
- the escape wheel comprising the escape pinion 6 and the first escape wheel 9 are in turn blocked by the first anchor 15, whose entry pallet 15a is in contact with a tooth of the first escape wheel 9. More precisely, as illustrated in FIG.
- the oscillatory mobile 10, 11 changes direction for its second alternation.
- the barrel 10 then rotates counterclockwise and the torque of the spring 11 exerted on the outer attachment point 12 of the exhaust shaft 7 tends to rotate the first escape wheel 9 counterclockwise.
- a second blocking phase B in which the pair of the spiral 11 is negative as illustrated in the graph of the figure 14 but is always greater than the torque of the constant force spring 3.
- the other components of the escapement mechanism according to the invention apart from the oscillatory mobile remain in the same position as for the first phase of blocking A ( figure 5 ), that is, blocked by the anchor mobile which is itself supported against the first fixed pin.
- a first phase of clearance C illustrated in FIG. figure 7 starts when the pair of the spring 11 equals and then becomes less than the torque of the constant force spring 3.
- the resultant of these two pairs on the first wheel Exhaust 9 tends to rotate it counterclockwise.
- the escape wheel and in particular the first escape wheel 9 is not blocked in the counterclockwise direction, they begin to rotate.
- the intermediate wheel 5 rotates clockwise driven by the exhaust pinion 6.
- the input pinion 1 and the second escape wheel 2 are in turn always blocked by the second anchor 14. Even if the first anchor 15 is now released from the first escape wheel 9, the anchor mobile remains stationary and bears against the first fixed pin.
- This first release phase C lasts until a tooth of the first escape wheel 9 comes into contact with the outer blank 158 of the output pallet 15b of the first anchor 15. This contact marks the beginning of the second phase of release D illustrated in the figure 8 .
- the second release phase D lasts until the torque of the spiral 11 again becomes greater than the torque of the spring of constant force 3. At this point, the first pulse phase E, illustrated in FIG. figure 9 .
- the first escape wheel 9 drives the outer attachment point 12 of the exhaust axis 7 which moves "pulls" on the spring 11 and moves its equilibrium point which has the effect of raising the spiral 11 and thus to maintain the oscillations of the balance 10.
- This phase marks the beginning of the pulse.
- the pulse lasts until the next oscillation of the oscillatory mobile.
- the first escape wheel 9 drives the intermediate wheel 5 counter-clockwise via the exhaust pinion 6.
- the first pulse phase E is extended until a tooth of the first escape wheel 9 comes into contact with the beveled end 158 of the output pallet 15b of the first anchor 15. There then begins a first release phase F illustrated in the figure 10 .
- the first escape wheel 9 drives the first anchor 15 counterclockwise.
- the second anchor 14 secured to the first anchor 15 also rotates counterclockwise and the entry pallet 14a of the second anchor 14 gradually leaves the toothing of the second escape wheel 2.
- the escapement wheel is always moving in the clockwise direction (the torque of the spiral 11 is always greater than the torque of the constant force spring 3) and continues to transmit the pulse to the oscillatory wheel in moving the outer end of the hairspring 11 via the external attachment point 12.
- the intermediate wheel 5 is therefore always driven in the counterclockwise direction.
- the first release phase F continues until the entry pallet 14a of the second anchor 14 is completely disengaged from the toothing of the second escape wheel 2.
- This second release phase G continues until a tooth of the second escape wheel 2 comes into contact with the output pallet 14b of the second anchor 14, this contact marking the beginning of a third phase of blocking H.
- This fourth blocking phase H is illustrated in FIG. figure 12 .
- the second escape wheel 2 and the input pinion 1 are thus blocked again by the second anchor 14.
- the anchor wheel and in particular the pallet 15b of the first anchor 15 have moved to a position in which they are no longer in the path of the first escape wheel 9 which therefore continues to rotate clockwise (the pulse is always transmitted to the oscillating mobile ).
- the anchor mobile stops once the output pallet 14b of the second anchor 14 in contact with the second escape wheel 2 and once the anchor mobile abuts with the first fixed pin not shown.
- the fourth locking phase H continues until a tooth d of the first escape wheel 9 comes into contact with the second inclined rest plane 154 of the entry pallet 15a of the first anchor 15.
- a last release phase 1 occurs at the end of the second alternation of the oscillatory mobile, before a new oscillation.
- This last release phase 1 is illustrated in figure 13a .
- the first escape wheel 9 is always driven in the clockwise direction by the torque due to the constant force spring 3 which is greater than the torque of the hairspring 11. Thanks to the profile of the entry pallet 15a of the first anchor 15 and its rest notch 154, 155, 156, the first escape wheel 9 bearing against said input pallet 15a will rotate the anchor wheel clockwise. More precisely, the tooth d of the first escape wheel 9 slides on the second inclined plane of repose 154 of the entry pallet 15a of the first anchor 15, the inclination of said second rest plane 154 causing the rotation of the first anchor 15 clockwise ( figure 13b ). Following the rotation of the anchor mobile clockwise, the second anchor 14 releases again the second escapement wheel 2 and the input gear 1 which begin to rotate counterclockwise under the action of the wheel of the movement of the timepiece. The constant force spring 3 is thus again partially recharged.
- This last release phase I lasts until the tooth d of the first escape wheel 9 comes into contact with the rest line 156 of the rest notch 154, 155 of the entry pallet 15a of the first anchor 15. At this time, the first escape wheel 9 and the escape mobile are again blocked by the anchor mobile. This completes the impulse.
- the anchor wheel and in particular the profile of the entry pallet 15a of the first anchor 15 are shaped so that when the tooth d of the first escape wheel 9 comes into contact with the rest line 156 the second anchor 14 has pivoted to a position in which the entry pallet 14a of the second anchor 14 again co-operates with the second escape wheel 2 to lock it and the input gear 1.
- the mechanism exhaust thus found the configuration of the first blocking phase A described above and illustrated in FIG. figure 5 .
- the oscillatory mobile 10, 11 can initiate a new oscillation.
- the pulse is transmitted to the oscillatory mobile 10, 11 from the first pulse phase E until the end of the last release phase 1 during the second alternation. oscillating mobile oscillator 10, 11.
- the exhaust mechanism described above is a lost-blow exhaust mechanism.
- the mobile of constant force could be coaxial with the mobile of escape.
- the inner end of the hairspring 11 can be fixed to the escapement and the outer end of the hairspring 11 can be fixed to the balance 10.
- the hairspring can also be fixed to the hanger 10. have a shape (for example, cylindrical or spherical) that does not necessarily have inner and outer ends.
- escapement with a constant force translation is thus achieved which has the advantage of improving the chronometry of a standard translation escapement by making the torque transmitted to the oscillatory wheel constant and independent of the energy transmitted by the wheel and the body. motor of the movement of the timepiece (winding of the mainspring, for example).
- the escapement mechanism according to the invention is independent of the oscillating mobile, which can be a traditional balance spring system as described above or a suspended balance system.
- the exhaust mechanism according to the invention is also suitable for a high frequency oscillating mobile.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Mécanisme d'échappement, dit échappement à translation ou à oscillateur complement libre, comprenant un mobile oscillatoire (10, 11), comportant un balancier (10) et un spiral (11) par exemple, et une première roue d'échappement (9) qui est agencée pour coopérer avec le mobile oscillatoire (10, 11) pour déplacer le point d'équilibre dudit mobile oscillatoire (10, 11) d'une amplitude déterminée à chaque oscillation dudit mobile (10, 11). La fonction de cet déplacement est d'entretenir les oscillations du mobile osillatoire. Le mécanisme d'échappement comprend en outre une seconde roue d'échappement (2) et un ressort de force constante (3) reliant la première roue d'échappement (9) à la seconde roue d'échappement (2). Le mécanisme d'échappement comprend en outre un mobile d'ancre (15, 14) qui est agencé pour coopérer avec la première roue d'échappement (9) et avec la seconde roue d'échappement (2).Escape mechanism, said translation escapement or free complement oscillator, comprising an oscillating mobile (10, 11), comprising a balance (10) and a spiral (11) for example, and a first escape wheel (9) which is arranged to cooperate with the oscillatory wheel (10, 11) to move the equilibrium point of said oscillatory wheel (10, 11) by an amplitude determined at each oscillation of said wheel (10, 11). The function of this displacement is to maintain the oscillations of the mobile osillatory. The exhaust mechanism further comprises a second escape wheel (2) and a constant force spring (3) connecting the first escape wheel (9) to the second escape wheel (2). The escapement mechanism further comprises an anchor wheel (15, 14) which is arranged to cooperate with the first escape wheel (9) and with the second escape wheel (2).
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un mécanisme d'échappement pour pièce d'horlogerie. Plus particulièrement, la présente invention concerne un mécanisme d'échappement à translation.The present invention relates to an escapement mechanism for a timepiece. More particularly, the present invention relates to a translation escapement mechanism.
Dans un mécanisme d'échappement traditionnel, comme un mécanisme d'échappement à ancre suisse par exemple, les oscillations du mobile oscillatoire faisant office d'organe réglant sont entretenues par une impulsion de la roue d'échappement transmise par l'ancre à l'axe de l'organe réglant.In a traditional escapement mechanism, such as an escapement mechanism with a Swiss lever for example, oscillations of the oscillating mobile acting regulating member are maintained by a pulse of the escape wheel transmitted by the anchor to the axis of the regulating organ.
Dans un mécanisme d'échappement à translation, les oscillations du mobile oscillatoire sont entretenues par un déplacement du point d'équilibre dudit mobile oscillatoire. Dans le cas d'un balancier-spiral, c'est l'extrémité extérieure du ressort-spiral fixée au piton qui est déplacée. Ainsi, le mobile oscillatoire poursuit mais ne trouve jamais sa position d'équilibre qui est sans cesse modifiée par le mécanisme d'échappement ce qui entretient les oscillations dudit mobile oscillatoire. L'échappement pensé par l'horloger Benoit est un exemple de mécanisme d'échappement à translation.In a translation escapement mechanism, oscillations of the oscillatory mobile are maintained by a displacement of the equilibrium point of said oscillatory mobile. In the case of a sprung balance, it is the outer end of the sprung spring attached to the stud is moved. Thus, the oscillatory mobile continues but never finds its equilibrium position which is constantly modified by the escape mechanism which maintains the oscillations of said oscillatory mobile. The escapement designed by the watchmaker Benoit is an example of a translation escapement mechanism.
En théorie, il est souhaitable que les déplacements ou translations du point d'équilibre de l'organe réglant interviennent à intervalles réguliers et aient la même durée et la même amplitude. En pratique, la durée d'exécution d'un déplacement ou translation du point d'équilibre du mobile oscillatoire dépend de l'énergie fournie au mécanisme d'échappement. Dans une pièce d'horlogerie comportant un mouvement mécanique alimenté par un barillet, cette durée va dépendre de l'armage du ressort de barillet et donc varier en fonction de la réserve de marche. Cette variation a des inconvénients évidents de la chronométrie.In theory, it is desirable that the displacements or translations of the equilibrium point of the regulating organ intervene at regular intervals and have the same duration and the same amplitude. In practice, the duration of execution of a displacement or translation of the equilibrium point of the oscillatory mobile depends on the energy supplied to the escape mechanism. In a timepiece comprising a mechanical movement powered by a barrel, this duration will depend on the winding of the mainspring and therefore vary according to the power reserve. This variation has obvious drawbacks of chronometry.
La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients ci-dessus et de fournir un mécanisme d'échappement et en particulier un mécanisme d'échappement à translation qui permette d'avoir sensiblement toujours la même énergie transmise au mobile oscillatoire de manière à améliorer la chronométrie.The object of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks and to provide an escape mechanism and in particular a translational escapement mechanism which makes it possible to substantially always have the same energy transmitted to the oscillating mobile so as to improve the timekeeping.
La présente invention a pour objet un mécanisme d'échappement à translation comprenant un mobile oscillatoire, une première roue d'échappement, la première roue d'échappement étant agencée pour coopérer avec le mobile oscillatoire pour déplacer le point d'équilibre dudit mobile oscillatoire d'une amplitude déterminée à chaque oscillation dudit mobile et un mobile d'ancre agencé pour coopérer avec la première roue d'échappement, caractérisé par le fait que le mécanisme d'échappement comprend en outre une seconde roue d'échappement et un ressort de force constante reliant la première roue d'échappement à la seconde roue d'échappement et par le fait que le mobile d'ancre est également agencé pour coopérer avec la seconde roue d'échappement.The subject of the present invention is a translational escapement mechanism comprising an oscillating mobile, a first escape wheel, the first escape wheel being arranged to cooperate with the oscillating mobile device in order to move the equilibrium point of said oscillating mobile device. an amplitude determined at each oscillation of said mobile and an anchor wheel arranged to cooperate with the first escape wheel, characterized in that the escape mechanism further comprises a second escape wheel and a force spring constant connecting the first escape wheel to the second escape wheel and in that the anchor mobile is also arranged to cooperate with the second escape wheel.
La présente invention a également pour objet une pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un mécanisme d'échappement tel que ci-dessus.The present invention also relates to a timepiece comprising an exhaust mechanism as above.
Les figures annexées illustrent schématiquement un mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention.
- La
figure 1 est une vue en perspective du mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention. - La
figure 2 est une vue en coupe du mobile de force constante du mécanisme d'échappement de lafigure 1 . - La
figure 3a est une vue en coupe du mobile d'échappement du mécanisme d'échappement de lafigure 1 . - La
figure 3b est une vue en coupe du mobile oscillatoire du mécanisme d'échappement de lafigure 1 . - La
figure 4 est une vue en perspective du mobile d'ancre du mécanisme d'échappement de lafigure 1 . - La
figure 5 illustre le mécanisme d'échappement dans des première et seconde phases de blocage A et B. - La
figure 6 illustre en détail la position relative de l'ancre et du mobile d'échappement du mécanisme d'échappement de lafigure 5 durant les première et seconde phases de blocage A et B. - La
figure 7 illustre le mécanisme d'échappement dans une première phase de dégagement C. - La
figure 8 illustre le mécanisme d'échappement dans une deuxième phase de dégagement D. - La
figure 9 illustre le mécanisme d'échappement dans une première phase d'impulsion E. - La
figure 10 illustre le mécanisme d'échappement dans une deuxième phase d'impulsion F. - La
figure 11 illustre le mécanisme d'échappement dans une première phase de libération G. - La
figure 12 illustre le mécanisme d'échappement dans une troisième phase de blocage H. - La
figure 13a illustre le mécanisme d'échappement dans une seconde phase de libération I. - La
figure 13b illustre en détail la position relative de l'ancre et du mobile d'échappement du mécanisme d'échappement de lafigure 13a . - La
figure 14 est un graphique illustrant la variation des trois couples principaux agissant sur le mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention au cours d'une oscillation du mobile oscillatoire.
- The
figure 1 is a perspective view of the exhaust mechanism according to the invention. - The
figure 2 is a sectional view of the constant-force mobile of the exhaust mechanism of thefigure 1 . - The
figure 3a is a sectional view of the exhaust mobile of the exhaust mechanism of thefigure 1 . - The
figure 3b is a sectional view of the oscillatory mobile of the exhaust mechanism of thefigure 1 . - The
figure 4 is a perspective view of the anchor mobile of the exhaust mechanism of thefigure 1 . - The
figure 5 illustrates the escape mechanism in first and second blocking phases A and B. - The
figure 6 illustrates in detail the relative position of the anchor and escapement mobile of the exhaust mechanism of thefigure 5 during the first and second blocking phases A and B. - The
figure 7 illustrates the escape mechanism in a first phase of clearance C. - The
figure 8 illustrates the escape mechanism in a second disengagement phase D. - The
figure 9 illustrates the escape mechanism in a first pulse phase E. - The
figure 10 illustrates the escape mechanism in a second F pulse phase. - The
figure 11 illustrates the escape mechanism in a first release phase G. - The
figure 12 illustrates the escape mechanism in a third phase of blocking H. - The
figure 13a illustrates the escape mechanism in a second release phase I. - The
figure 13b illustrates in detail the relative position of the anchor and escapement mobile of the exhaust mechanism of thefigure 13a . - The
figure 14 is a graph illustrating the variation of the three main couples acting on the escape mechanism according to the invention during an oscillation of the oscillatory mobile.
Le mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention est un mécanisme d'échappement à translation à force constante. Il est destiné à équiper une pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un mouvement d'horlogerie.The exhaust mechanism according to the invention is a constant force translation escapement mechanism. It is intended to equip a timepiece including a watch movement.
Le mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention comporte un mobile de force constante, un mobile d'échappement, un mobile oscillatoire et un mobile d'ancre.The escapement mechanism according to the invention comprises a mobile of constant force, an escape mobile, an oscillating mobile and an anchor mobile.
Le mobile d'échappement illustré à la
Le mobile de force constante illustré à la
Le mobile oscillatoire illustré à la
Pour faciliter la lecture des figures, le mobile oscillatoire n'apparaît pas dans les
Le mobile d'ancre illustré à la
De manière traditionnelle, la palette d'entrée 14a et la palette de sortie 14b de la seconde ancre 14 comportent chacune respectivement une extrémité biseautée 141, 142 reliant le flanc extérieur 143, 144 au flanc intérieur 145, 146 de ladite palette d'entrée 14a, respectivement de ladite palette de sortie 14b. Le flanc extérieur 143 de la palette d'entrée 14a et le flanc intérieur 146 de la palette de sortie 14b de la seconde ancre 14 forment un plan de repos.In the traditional way, the
La palette d'entrée 15a de la première ancre 15 illustrée en détail à la
L'extrémité de la palette de sortie 15b de la première ancre 15 illustrée à la
Comme on le verra plus loin, dans le mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention, le ressort de force constante 3, qui est remonté à chaque oscillation du mobile oscillatoire, permet de filtrer les variations de couple du rouage du mécanisme de la pièce d'horlogerie sur le mobile d'échappement.As will be seen below, in the escapement mechanism according to the invention, the spring of
Les différents couples s'exerçant sur le mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention au cours d'une oscillation du mobile oscillatoire sont les suivants :
- • Le couple du rouage du mouvement de la pièce d'horlogerie qui arrive via le pignon d'entrée 1 et qui est quasi constant sur une oscillation du mobile oscillatoire mais qui évolue dans le temps selon l'énergie de l'organe moteur du mouvement de la pièce d'horlogerie. En particulier, dans un mouvement dont l'organe moteur est un barillet, le couple du rouage transmis au pignon d'entrée 1 est directement proportionnel à l'armage du ressort de barillet.
- • Le couple du ressort de force
constante 3 s'exerçant sur la roue intermédiaire 5 et qui est constant pour une oscillation du mobile oscillatoire mais aussi constant quelle que soit l'énergie transmise par le rouage et qui ne dépend pas de l'armage du ressort de barillet puisque ledit ressort de forceconstante 3 est remonté à chaque oscillation du mobile oscillatoire comme on le verra plus loin. - • Le couple du mobile oscillatoire sur le mobile d'échappement - en particulier le couple du spiral 11 sur l'axe d'échappement 7 et la première roue d'échappement 9 - qui suit une courbe sinusoïdale durant une oscillation du mobile oscillatoire et qui est directement proportionnel à l'amplitude du mobile oscillatoire, ici du balancier 10.
- • The torque of the movement of the timepiece that arrives via the
input pinion 1 and which is almost constant on an oscillation of the oscillating mobile but which evolves in time according to the energy of the driving member of the movement of the timepiece. In particular, in a movement whose driving member is a cylinder, the torque of the gear transmitted to theinput pinion 1 is directly proportional to the winding of the mainspring. - • The torque of the spring of
constant force 3 exerted on theintermediate wheel 5 and which is constant for oscillation of the oscillatory mobile but also constant regardless of the energy transmitted by the gear and which does not depend on the arming of the barrel spring since said spring ofconstant force 3 is raised to each oscillation of the oscillatory mobile as will be seen later. - The torque of the oscillatory wheel on the escapement wheel - in particular the pair of the spiral 11 on the
escape shaft 7 and the first escape wheel 9 - which follows a sinusoidal curve during an oscillation of the oscillating wheel and which is directly proportional to the amplitude of the oscillatory mobile, here of thependulum 10.
Dans la forme d'exécution illustrée, le couple du rouage tend à faire tourner le pignon d'entrée 1 et la seconde roue d'échappement 2 dans le sens antihoraire (il lui sera associé un signe négatif). Quant au ressort de force constante 3, il est agencé pour que son couple tende à faire tourner la roue intermédiaire 5 dans le sens antihoraire (donc présente également un signe négatif). Par conséquent, le couple dû au ressort de force constante 3 et agissant sur la première roue d'échappement 9 tend à la faire tourner dans le sens horaire et ce couple, opposé, au couple du ressort de force constante 3 a donc un signe positif. Finalement, au cours d'une oscillation, le mobile oscillatoire exerce un couple sur le point d'attache extérieur 12 de l'axe d'échappement 7 qui tend à faire tourner la première roue d'échappement 9 dans le sens horaire lors de la première alternance (couple positif) et dans le sens antihoraire lors de la seconde alternance (couple négatif). Ces orientations sont données à titre indicative, d'autre choix sont possible selon l'agencement général du mécanisme d'échappement et son agencement dans le mouvement de la pièce d'horlogerie.In the illustrated embodiment, the torque of the train tends to rotate the
Ces trois couples sont représentés sur le graphique de la
Durant la première alternance du mobile oscillatoire, le mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention se trouve dans une première phase de blocage A illustrée à la
Cependant, durant cette première phase de blocage A, le mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention est agencé pour que le seul mobile en mouvement soit le mobile oscillatoire qui effectue sa première alternance. En effet, comme illustré sur la
A la fin de sa première alternance, le mobile oscillatoire 10, 11, change de sens pour sa seconde alternance. Dans la forme d'exécution illustrée, le barillet 10 tourne alors dans le sens antihoraire et le couple du spiral 11 exercé sur le point d'attache extérieur 12 de l'axe d'échappement 7 tend à faire tourner la première roue d'échappement 9 dans le sens antihoraire. On assiste alors à une seconde phase de blocage B dans laquelle le couple du spiral 11 est négatif comme illustré sur le graphique de la
Toujours pendant la seconde alternance du mobile oscillatoire, une première phase de dégagement C illustrée à la
Cette première phase de dégagement C dure jusqu'à ce qu'une dent de la première roue d'échappement 9 vienne en contact avec le flan extérieur 158 de la palette de sortie 15b de la première ancre 15. Ce contact marque le début de la deuxième phase de dégagement D illustrée à la
Durant cette deuxième phase de dégagement D, le couple du spiral 11 est toujours inférieur au couple du ressort de force constante 3 et la première roue d'échappement 9 est toujours entraînée dans le sens antihoraire sous l'action de la résultante de ces deux couples.During this second release phase D, the torque of the
Au contact d'une dent de la première roue d'échappement 9 avec la palette de sortie 15b de la première ancre 15, celle-ci est pivotée dans le sens horaire jusqu'à ce qu'elle vienne en butée contre une seconde goupille fixe non illustrée. A ce moment-là, la première roue d'échappement 9 est à nouveau bloquée par la palette de sortie 15b de la première ancre 15 ce qui entraine le blocage de la roue intermédiaire 5 (
La deuxième phase de dégagement D dure jusqu'à ce que le couple du spiral 11 redevienne supérieur au couple du ressort de force constante 3. A ce moment-là débute la première phase d'impulsion E illustrée à la
Durant cette première phase d'impulsion E, la résultante du couple du spiral 11 et du couple du ressort de force constante 3 s'exerçant sur la première roue d'échappement 9 tend à la faire tourner dans le sens horaire. Or, en pivotant dans le sens horaire lors de la deuxième phase de dégagement D, la première ancre 15 s'est déplacée dans une position dans laquelle elle et sa palette d'entrée 15a en particulier ne sont plus dans le chemin de la première roue d'échappement 9. Celle-ci peut donc tourner librement dans le sens horaire.During this first pulse phase E, the resultant of the torque of the
En tournant dans le sens horaire, la première roue d'échappement 9 entraîne le point d'attache extérieur 12 de l'axe d'échappement 7 qui en se déplaçant « tire » sur le spiral 11 et déplace son point d'équilibre ce qui a pour conséquence de remonter le spiral 11 et donc d'entretenir les oscillations du balancier 10. Cette phase marque donc le début de l'impulsion. Comme on le verra dans la suite, dans le mécanisme d'échappement décrit ci-dessus, l'impulsion dure jusqu'à la prochaine oscillation du mobile oscillatoire.By turning clockwise, the
Durant cette première phase d'impulsion E, le mobile d'ancre 15, 14 est resté immobile en appui contre la seconde goupille fixe. Par conséquent, le pignon d'entrée 1 et la seconde roue d'échappement 2 sont toujours bloqués par la seconde ancre 14 et sa palette d'entrée 14a.During this first pulse phase E, the
En tournant dans le sens horaire, la première roue d'échappement 9 entraîne la roue intermédiaire 5 dans le sens antihoraire via le pignon d'échappement 6.By turning clockwise, the
La première phase d'impulsion E se prolonge jusqu'à ce qu'une dent de la première roue d'échappement 9 vienne en contact de l'extrémité biseautée 158 de la palette de sortie 15b de la première ancre 15. Là commence alors une première phase de libération F illustrée à la
Suite au contact avec la palette de sortie 15b, la première roue d'échappement 9 entraîne alors la première ancre 15 dans le sens antihoraire. La seconde ancre 14 solidaire de la première ancre 15 tourne alors également dans le sens antihoraire et la palette d'entrée 14a de la seconde ancre 14 sort progressivement de la denture de la seconde roue d'échappement 2.Following contact with the
Durant cette première phase de libération F, le mobile d'échappement est toujours en mouvement dans le sens horaire (le couple du spiral 11 est toujours supérieur au couple du ressort de force constante 3) et continue à transmettre l'impulsion au mobile oscillatoire en déplaçant l'extrémité extérieure du spiral 11 via le point d'attache extérieur 12. La roue intermédiaire 5 est donc toujours entraînée dans le sens antihoraire.During this first release phase F, the escapement wheel is always moving in the clockwise direction (the torque of the spiral 11 is always greater than the torque of the constant force spring 3) and continues to transmit the pulse to the oscillatory wheel in moving the outer end of the
La première phase de libération F se poursuit jusqu'à ce que la palette d'entrée 14a de la seconde ancre 14 soit totalement dégagée de la denture de la seconde roue d'échappement 2.The first release phase F continues until the
A ce moment-là commence la deuxième phase de libération G illustrée à la
Cette deuxième phase de libération G se poursuit jusqu'à ce qu'une dent de la seconde roue d'échappement 2 vienne en contact avec la palette de sortie 14b de la seconde ancre 14, ce contact marquant le début d'une troisième phase de blocage H.This second release phase G continues until a tooth of the
Cette quatrième phase de blocage H est illustrée à la
Une dernière phase de libération 1 intervient à la fin de la deuxième alternance du mobile oscillatoire, avant une nouvelle oscillation. Cette dernière phase de libération 1 est illustrée à la
Cette dernière phase de libération I dure jusqu'à ce que la dent d de la première roue d'échappement 9 vienne en contact avec la ligne de repos 156 de l'encoche de repos 154, 155 de la palette d'entrée 15a de la première ancre 15. A ce moment-là, la première roue d'échappement 9 et le mobile d'échappement sont à nouveau bloqués par le mobile d'ancre. Cela termine l'impulsion. Le mobile d'ancre et en particulier le profil de la palette d'entrée 15a de la première ancre 15 sont conformés pour qu'au moment où la dent d de la première roue d'échappement 9 vient en contact avec la ligne de repos 156, la seconde ancre 14 a pivoté dans une position dans laquelle la palette d'entrée 14a de la seconde ancre 14 coopère à nouveau avec la seconde roue d'échappement 2 pour bloquer celle-ci et le pignon d'entrée 1. Le mécanisme d'échappement a ainsi retrouvé la configuration de la première phase de blocage A décrite ci-dessus et illustrée à la
On constate ainsi que dans le mécanisme d'échappement selon la présente invention, l'impulsion est transmise au mobile oscillatoire 10, 11 dès la première phase d'impulsion E jusqu'à la fin de la dernière phase de libération 1 durant la deuxième alternance d'une oscillation du mobile oscillatoire 10, 11. Ainsi, le mécanisme d'échappement décrit ci-dessus est un mécanisme d'échappement à coup perdu.It is thus found that in the escape mechanism according to the present invention, the pulse is transmitted to the oscillatory mobile 10, 11 from the first pulse phase E until the end of the
La forme d'exécution ci-dessus du mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention a été décrite à titre d'exemple. D'autres variantes sont possibles sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Par exemple, le mobile de force constante pourrait être coaxial au mobile d'échappement. Selon une autre variante, l'extrémité intérieure du spiral 11 peut être fixée à l'échappement et l'extrémité extérieure du spiral 11 peut être fixée au balancier 10. Bien entendu, le spiral peut également avoir une forme (par exemple, cylindrique ou sphérique) qui n'a pas forcement des extrémités intérieure et extérieure.The above embodiment of the exhaust mechanism according to the invention has been described by way of example. Other variants are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the mobile of constant force could be coaxial with the mobile of escape. According to another variant, the inner end of the
On réalise ainsi un échappement à translation à force constante qui a l'avantage d'améliorer la chronométrie d'un échappement à translation standard en rendant le couple transmis au mobile oscillatoire constant et indépendant de l'énergie transmise par le rouage et l'organe moteur du mouvement de la pièce d'horlogerie (armage du ressort de barillet par exemple). De plus, le mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention est indépendant du mobile oscillatoire, qui peut ainsi être un système de balancier-spiral traditionnel comme décrit ci-dessus ou un système à balancier suspendu. Le mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention est également adapté pour un mobile oscillatoire à haute fréquence.An escapement with a constant force translation is thus achieved which has the advantage of improving the chronometry of a standard translation escapement by making the torque transmitted to the oscillatory wheel constant and independent of the energy transmitted by the wheel and the body. motor of the movement of the timepiece (winding of the mainspring, for example). In addition, the escapement mechanism according to the invention is independent of the oscillating mobile, which can be a traditional balance spring system as described above or a suspended balance system. The exhaust mechanism according to the invention is also suitable for a high frequency oscillating mobile.
Claims (9)
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EP16154993.6A EP3206088B1 (en) | 2016-02-10 | 2016-02-10 | Escapement mechanism |
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EP16154993.6A EP3206088B1 (en) | 2016-02-10 | 2016-02-10 | Escapement mechanism |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113267984A (en) * | 2020-01-29 | 2021-08-17 | 精工时计株式会社 | Escapement speed regulator, movement for timepiece, and timepiece |
US11397408B2 (en) | 2018-05-25 | 2022-07-26 | Société Anonyme de la Manufacture d'Horlogerie Audemars Piguet & Cie | Automatically starting and secured detent escapement for a timepiece |
US11988993B2 (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2024-05-21 | Complitime Sa | Timepiece escapement mechanism |
Citations (2)
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DE50739C (en) * | S. RIEFLE^ in München, Karlsplatz 29/I | Double wheel escapement for Chronoi ^ with completely free balance and for Pe * 1. clocks with a free pendulum | ||
FR1009853A (en) * | 1948-07-02 | 1952-06-04 | Sophisticated exhaust mechanism |
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- 2016-02-10 EP EP16154993.6A patent/EP3206088B1/en active Active
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DE50739C (en) * | S. RIEFLE^ in München, Karlsplatz 29/I | Double wheel escapement for Chronoi ^ with completely free balance and for Pe * 1. clocks with a free pendulum | ||
FR1009853A (en) * | 1948-07-02 | 1952-06-04 | Sophisticated exhaust mechanism |
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DANERS, R.: "Ein Tourbillon nach A.-H. Benoît", CHRONOMÉTROPHILIA BULLETIN, no. 21, 1986, pages 29 - 54, XP008181359, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.chronometrophilia.ch/Bulletin.html> * |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11397408B2 (en) | 2018-05-25 | 2022-07-26 | Société Anonyme de la Manufacture d'Horlogerie Audemars Piguet & Cie | Automatically starting and secured detent escapement for a timepiece |
US11988993B2 (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2024-05-21 | Complitime Sa | Timepiece escapement mechanism |
CN113267984A (en) * | 2020-01-29 | 2021-08-17 | 精工时计株式会社 | Escapement speed regulator, movement for timepiece, and timepiece |
CN113267984B (en) * | 2020-01-29 | 2024-03-08 | 精工时计株式会社 | Escapement speed regulator, movement for timepiece and timepiece |
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