EP3195978B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'outils d'usinage avec géométrie de coupe non définie - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'outils d'usinage avec géométrie de coupe non définie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3195978B1
EP3195978B1 EP17151452.4A EP17151452A EP3195978B1 EP 3195978 B1 EP3195978 B1 EP 3195978B1 EP 17151452 A EP17151452 A EP 17151452A EP 3195978 B1 EP3195978 B1 EP 3195978B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
machining
microstructure
bond
alteration
tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP17151452.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3195978A2 (fr
EP3195978A3 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Fleckenstein
Holger Gehrung
Elmar Hampp
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Diato GmbH
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Diato GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3195978A3 publication Critical patent/EP3195978A3/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
    • B24B33/08—Honing tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/001—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces involving the use of electric current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/017—Devices or means for dressing, cleaning or otherwise conditioning lapping tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/02—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of plane surfaces on abrasive tools

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and tools produced by this method according to the preamble of the independent claim 10, which can be used for honing or finishing, for example.
  • the invention is not limited to honing stones and finish stones, but can for example also be used for the production of grinding tools or other tools.
  • the invention will be explained below by way of example using the example of honing stones. Protection is also claimed for other tools.
  • the DE 10 2004 011 985 B4 discloses a selective ablation laser process that first makes the macro-shape by abrading the cutting grain and bonding and then forming the raised cutting grain by further ablation of the bond. From the prior art it is known to produce honing stone blanks by sintering.
  • the later working surface of the honing stone is brought into the desired shape by (round) grinding (conditioning) and then sharpened by roughening.
  • the honing stone When sanding or conditioning the honing stone receives the desired curvature, which corresponds to the diameter of the hole to be honed, and the necessary straightness. Sharpening affects the topography of the work surface. This results in raised cutting grains and a recessed binding matrix. The feature of the sharpened work surface is the raised cutting grains which protrude from the bonding matrix. The same applies to the conditioning of a grinding tool.
  • the DE 10 2004 011 985 B4 discloses a selective ablation laser process that first makes the macro-shape by abrading the cutting grain and bonding and then forming the raised cutting grain by further ablation of the bond.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for shaping the later work surface of a tool, in particular a honing stone or a grinding tool, and for conditioning of the work surface, which is easy to carry out and requires little time.
  • a tool with further improved properties is to be provided.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to machine the usually sintered blank in one operation in such a way that the working surface is shaped and a downstream sharpening of the working surface is not required. Rather, the blank can be used without further processing.
  • the edge zone the structure of which has been changed according to the invention, wears out very quickly as soon as it comes into contact with the workpiece to be machined, thereby exposing the actual working surface of the tool.
  • edge zone is meant the area of material which is located immediately below the surface.
  • the depth of the edge zone is an important processing parameter of the method according to the invention and is specifically controlled to shape the working surface.
  • the structure especially the bond treated so that a RandzonengePolge arises, which wears out very quickly and is removed after a very short EingriffsZeit between the tool and the workpiece, so that the underlying work surface is exposed and the Machining of the workpiece begins.
  • the object underlying the invention is achieved in that the bond in the region of an edge zone of the working surface is selectively changed and weakened in its strength, so that this edge zone wears out very quickly.
  • the bond in the region of an edge zone of the working surface is selectively changed and weakened in its strength, so that this edge zone wears out very quickly.
  • the edge zone is both bonding material and cutting grain. It is usually sufficient if the bonding material of the edge zone is changed and embrittled.
  • the microstructure change according to the invention in an edge zone can in principle be carried out in various ways and ways. It is important that, above all, the structure of the bond in the region of the edge zone is changed so that the conglomerates of the bond are only very little connected to each other, so that when using the The tool according to the invention after the contact of the edge zone with the surface of the workpiece to be machined this edge zone, so to speak, "disintegrates" and thus the work surface, which is located at the transition between the edge zone and the bond is not changed in their structure exposed.
  • the structural change can be made locally differently. This means, for example, that the penetration depth or the thickness of the edge zone is locally different.
  • largely free-form work surfaces of the tool according to the invention can be produced. For example, starting from a flat surface of the blank of a tool, it is possible to create a flat work surface by keeping the depth T of the texture change or the edge zone constant over the entire surface.
  • the penetration depth is locally varied based on the surface of the blank, so that the desired geometry of the working surface is adjusted (see FIG. 3 ).
  • the structural change causes a local embrittlement of the edge zone.
  • the structural change may also be due to the formation of conglomerates in the matrix and the formation of cracks between the conglomerates.
  • Such a structural change by embrittlement and / or the formation of conglomerates and cracks between the Conglomerates can be done very easily and reliably by a thermal treatment.
  • the microstructural change can be effected by a laser beam, an electron beam or by induction, if the bond or the grains of the blank can be heated inductively.
  • the matrix of the blank contains copper
  • the binding of the copper atoms in the matrix can be achieved by treatment with hydrogen or at least loosened so that the matrix embrittles in the region of the edge zone.
  • the invention further relates to a tool for machining with a geometrically undefined cutting edge, the tool having a matrix in which cutting grains are bonded and wherein the tool is produced according to one of the preceding methods.
  • the tool according to the invention may be a honing stone, a finishing stone or a grinding tool.
  • the tool according to the invention is delivered to the customer in the state after the microstructure change, without the edge zone modified in terms of its structure having been removed. Then, the edge zone provides a kind of protection of the work surface from mechanical damage or contamination.
  • the tool according to the invention is put into operation by the user with the edge zone and sharpens itself in a very short time because the edge zone changed in its structure wears out after a few seconds immediately after having contact with the workpiece surface to be machined and thus the actual working surface is released.
  • the intensity of the texture change can be controlled very well by controlling the power of the laser beam.
  • Another parameter is the focusing or the position of the focal point of the laser beam relative to the surface of the blank. If the focus of the laser beam lies approximately in the surface of the blank, the power density is highest there and correspondingly high temperatures and locally very high temperature gradients occur, which bring about the desired microstructural change and / or formation of conglomerates.
  • the focus of the laser beam is not directly on the surface or in the edge zone of the tool to be machined, but lies slightly outside the blank, so that the laser beam where it impinges on the surface of the blank, a larger diameter and thus has a greater width and lower intensity.
  • the embrittlement is exemplified by the treatment of the surface with a laser beam.
  • no selective ablation is practiced, but local melting and re-solidification in which oxidation of the metal matrix in the atmosphere takes place, e.g. Nitrogen, carbon or oxygen takes place.
  • the embrittlement is promoted by the steep cooling gradient, so that thermal stresses occur in the structure and thereby microcracks form, resulting in the formation of conglomerates.
  • the depth to which the laser beam acts in the peripheral zone is a parameter of the process.
  • the plane up to which the edge zone change takes place can also be arched, as a convex surface for a honing stone for the bore machining or as a concave surface for a finish honing stone for external machining of waves. Also, the plane can run, which is necessary for the plan processing.
  • the laser beam can produce elongated grooves or punctiform depressions with lateral burrs on the work surface. These grooves or depressions can be generated with a laser beam whose focus F is in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the blank.
  • the grooves or punctiform depressions can be introduced in any desired arrangement on the surface of the blank. They can also be arranged in different densities, so that locally a different degree of embrittlement arises. These burrs along the scratches are also brittle and also exert an abrasive function on the adjacent bonding surface.
  • the structural change according to the invention can also be produced with a defocused laser beam whose focus F has a certain distance from the surface of the blank.
  • the first contact of the honing stone surface is carried out with the bore wall.
  • the edge zone structure which is obtained by the preceding process according to the invention, in particular the thermal treatment of the edge zone by a laser, an electron beam or in another way, coarse-grained and low-cohesive, is quickly removed by sliding wear.
  • the edge zone is removed, so that the plane is exposed, from which the sintered and unchanged bond structure is present.
  • This plane is the working surface of the honing stone or the cutting tool.
  • the laser process can be applied regardless of the topographical nature of the honing stone surface.
  • the laser treatment can be done immediately after sintering, but it may also be an already ground work surface, which was therefore ground to serve as a support surface for the treatment of other geometries of the honing stone, which are dependent on the position of the work surface.
  • the nature of the surface is not decisive for the process according to the invention.
  • the proposed method shortens the manufacturing process of the tools, such. As honing stones, finishing stones or grinding tools, from the production of the blank, z. B. by sintering to the operational honing stone surface quite considerably. This involves significant cost savings. Processing and processing times of several hours are reduced to a few minutes. The cylindrical grinding and subsequent roughening with loose grain can be completely eliminated.
  • FIG. 1 As an example of a tool according to the invention, a honing stone 20 is shown in longitudinal section after the embrittlement of a marginal zone 3 according to the invention.
  • the honing stone 20 comprises a foot 1 (which is also referred to as a support bar).
  • the foot 1 is usually made of steel.
  • On the foot 1 material is usually applied by sintering.
  • the material is a sintered structure 2 and consists of a bond or bonding matrix 4 and cutting means 5, which is embedded in the bond 4. After sintering, the sintered structure 2 extends from the foot 1 to a surface 15 of a sintered blank. This condition is not shown in FIG. 1 ,
  • the structural change may consist in the formation of relatively coarse-grained conglomerates, which are only weakly interconnected, so that the matrix embrittles in the region of the edge zone 3.
  • the embrittlement can thermally or otherwise, for. As chemical or mechanical, done.
  • the thermal embrittlement can be done for example by a laser beam, an electron beam or by induction. It is important in any case that the desired structural change and / or embrittlement takes place;
  • the treatment of the edge zone 3 according to the invention usually forms a coarser structure there, which is also referred to as a conglomerate in connection with the invention.
  • the later working surface 6 of the honing stone 20 lies in the interior of the blank at the boundary between the edge zone 3 and the remaining sintered structure 2 whose structure has not been changed.
  • the position and shape of the working surface 6 is determined by a depth T of the edge zone 3. In other words, by controlling the local penetration depth of the embrittlement according to the invention and / or structural transformation starting from the surface 15, the position and the shape of the working surface 6 are controlled. Because a laser beam and an electron beam convert the sintered structure 2 "precisely", curved work surfaces 6 (see FIGS Figure 3a and c ) produce very precise and reproducible without significant additional effort. However, the method according to the invention is not limited to these beam sources.
  • the edge zone 3 is in the FIG. 1 shown according to the microstructure conversion of the invention. It presents itself as a coarse-grained, embrittled structure with conglomerates 13, in which, however, also cutting means 5 are embedded.
  • the reference numeral 6 indicates the working surface of the honing stone 20. In this state, the machining of the honing stone 20 is completed.
  • the edge zone 3 does not have to be removed from the manufacturer of the honing stone 20. This can rather be done by the user when the honing stone 20 and with it the edge zone 3 comes into contact with the workpiece. Then the edge zone 3 wears very quickly and exposes the work surface 6.
  • FIG. 2 the run in honing stone 2 with exposed work surface 6 is shown.
  • the work surface 6 has raised cutting grains 8. These raised cutting grains 8 are predominantly anchored in the sintered structure and protrude in the area of the working surface 6 with the part the bond 4 beyond which they protrude into the edge zone 3 edge zone. The raised cutting grain 8 protrudes beyond the set back binding matrix.
  • FIG. 3 shows different versions of laser treatments.
  • the working surface 6 of the honing stone is curved convexly.
  • the curvature of the working surface 6 corresponds to the radius of curvature of the (cylinder) bore to be machined.
  • the working surface 6 of the honing stone is concavely curved.
  • the curvature of the working surface 6 may correspond to the radius of the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder to be processed by Langhubhonen.
  • FIG. 4 the processing / structural change of the surface 15 of a blank by means of a laser beam is shown very schematically and greatly simplified.
  • Reference numeral 19 denotes a laser source.
  • the laser source generates a laser beam 21 having a focal point F.
  • the focal point F is spaced from the surface 15 of the blank 20. This means that the laser beam 21, where it impinges on the surface 15 of the blank 20, has a diameter D which is greater than the thickness of the laser beam 19 at the focal point F.
  • the diameter D of the laser beam 21 at the surface 15 can be controlled.
  • the power density [W / mm 2 ] of the laser beam 19 on the surface 15 controlled.
  • the focal point F is placed closer to the surface or directly into the surface 15 of the blank.
  • the distance between the focal point F and the surface 15 of the blank is increased.
  • the depth T (see FIG. 3 ) control the structural change.
  • Another parameter for controlling the depth T and thus the thickness of the edge zone 3 is the power of the laser beam 21.
  • a laser beam is particularly suitable for effecting the desired microstructural change in the region of the edge zone 3.
  • the invention is not limited to this source of energy.
  • the convex interface between sintered structure and embrittled edge zone can be generated by the absorption of the laser beam and its parameterization.
  • FIG. 5 is also very schematically a surface 15 of a blank shown from above. With the dotted lines 17, the path of the laser beam 21 is shown above this surface 15. The laser beam 21 is guided on parallel tracks which are spaced apart from each other. If the distance S between two adjacent tracks 17 is equal to or smaller than the diameter D of the laser beam 21, where it impinges on the surface 15, then the entire surface 15 is detected at least once by the laser beam 21 and it is located on the entire surface 15 the desired structural transformation instead.
  • the diameter D of the laser beam is smaller than the distance S of the tracks 17 along which the laser beam 21 is guided over the surface 15, then narrow strips remain between the tracks 17 which the laser beam 21 has not detected.
  • the desired structural change can still take place in these areas not directly covered by the laser beam 21.
  • the laser beam can, as explained, both surface and line or punctiform in certain patterns capture the surface and cause the structural transformation there.
  • the embrittlement of the edge zone can have different scales, from embrittlement at very shallow depth to erosion from the embrittled one Material.
  • the laser treatment can be flat but also linear at different distances and energetic intensities.
  • FIG. 6 shows a SEM image of a working surface according to the invention a honing stone.
  • a focused laser beam was guided along a line 17 over the working surface 6. This created a groove and conglomerates 13.
  • the ridge is the immediate track of the laser beam. To the right of this, the structural changes or conglomerates 13 are visible. In this embodiment, the conglomerates 13 have very different sizes, between which cracks are present, which cause a significant loosening of the bond with each other and are part of the Ge Stahlgeuwmandlung.
  • the ridges 25 immediately adjacent to the groove on the laser track are also abrasive, such as a free lapping grain moving out between the bond and the bore wall. This structure is the prerequisite for the wear mechanism described above.
  • FIG. 7 shows a run in honing stone after removal of the embrittled edge zone.
  • the tracks in the area of the matrix which are caused by the process-typical kinematics of honing, namely the superposition of rotary and lifting movements.
  • the cutting crystals 8 protrude from the matrix, but are in the matrix with most of their volume. So they are firmly anchored and can remove material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'outils d'usinage avec géométrie de coupe non définie, dans lequel les grains de coupe (5) sont liés dans un lien (4), et dans lequel l'outil (20) présente au moins une surface de travail (6), caractérisé en ce qu'à partir d'une ébauche de l'outil (20) la forme et/ou la position de la surface de travail (6) est déterminée par une modification de structure délimitée localement du lien (4).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la modification de structure est différente localement en ce qui concerne l'intensité et/ou la profondeur d'enfoncement (T).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la modification de structure provoque une friabilité locale d'une zone de bord (3), dans lequel par la zone de bord (3) il faut entendre la zone de matériau qui se trouve directement en dessous de la surface.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la modification de structure est effectuée par la formation d'agglomérés (13) dans le lien (4) et/ou la formation de fissures entre les agglomérés (13).
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la modification de structure est effectuée par voie thermique.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la modification de structure est effectuée par un faisceau laser (21), par un faisceau électronique et/ou par induction.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la modification de structure est effectuée par voie chimique.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le lien (4) contient du cuivre et en ce que la modification de structure locale est effectuée dans le lien (4) par hydrogène.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la modification de structure est effectuée par voie mécanique.
  10. Outil d'usinage avec géométrie de coupe non définie, comprenant un lien (4) dans lequel des grains de coupe (5) sont liés, caractérisé en ce qu'il est fabriqué selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
  11. Outil selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il est une baguette de pierrage (20), une pierre de finition ou un outil de meulage.
  12. Utilisation d'un outil selon la revendication 10 ou 11 pour l'usinage avec géométrie de coupe non définie.
EP17151452.4A 2016-01-22 2017-01-13 Procédé de fabrication d'outils d'usinage avec géométrie de coupe non définie Active EP3195978B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016200943.5A DE102016200943B3 (de) 2016-01-22 2016-01-22 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Werkzeugen zum Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmter Schneide

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3195978A2 EP3195978A2 (fr) 2017-07-26
EP3195978A3 EP3195978A3 (fr) 2017-08-02
EP3195978B1 true EP3195978B1 (fr) 2018-03-07

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EP (1) EP3195978B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016200943B3 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019202533A1 (de) * 2019-02-25 2020-08-27 Elgan-Diamantwerkzeuge Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung eines Feinbearbeitungswerkzeugs sowie Feinbearbeitungswerkzeug
DE102021201070A1 (de) 2021-02-05 2022-08-11 Kadia Produktion Gmbh + Co. Honleiste, Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Honleiste sowie Honwerkzeug

Families Citing this family (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7033485B2 (ja) 2018-04-17 2022-03-10 株式会社ディスコ 切削ブレードの整形方法
CN110793861B (zh) * 2019-11-01 2020-10-13 中国石油大学(北京) 确定砾岩试件水力压裂穿砾排量的试验方法及装置

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JP2001062721A (ja) * 1999-08-30 2001-03-13 Inst Of Physical & Chemical Res ホーニング砥石の電解ドレッシング方法及び装置
JP4186658B2 (ja) * 2003-03-13 2008-11-26 株式会社デンソー 砥石表面形状調整方法及び装置、研削盤
EP1707316B1 (fr) * 2005-03-28 2016-12-28 JTEKT Corporation Meule

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019202533A1 (de) * 2019-02-25 2020-08-27 Elgan-Diamantwerkzeuge Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung eines Feinbearbeitungswerkzeugs sowie Feinbearbeitungswerkzeug
DE102021201070A1 (de) 2021-02-05 2022-08-11 Kadia Produktion Gmbh + Co. Honleiste, Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Honleiste sowie Honwerkzeug
WO2022167205A1 (fr) 2021-02-05 2022-08-11 Kadia Produktion Gmbh + Co. Barre de polissage, procédé de fabrication d'une barre de polissage et outil de polissage

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EP3195978A2 (fr) 2017-07-26
DE102016200943B3 (de) 2017-06-29
EP3195978A3 (fr) 2017-08-02

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