EP3191195A1 - Verfahren zum betrieb einer vorrichtung zur beherrschung eines brandes oder stoffaustrittes, insbesondere für lithiumbatterien - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betrieb einer vorrichtung zur beherrschung eines brandes oder stoffaustrittes, insbesondere für lithiumbatterienInfo
- Publication number
- EP3191195A1 EP3191195A1 EP15771869.3A EP15771869A EP3191195A1 EP 3191195 A1 EP3191195 A1 EP 3191195A1 EP 15771869 A EP15771869 A EP 15771869A EP 3191195 A1 EP3191195 A1 EP 3191195A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- neutralizer
- fire
- foam
- operating
- application
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
- A62C99/0036—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using foam
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/002—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for warehouses, storage areas or other installations for storing goods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/06—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
- A62C5/02—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use of foam
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the safe control of a fire or material leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects, in particular for lithium batteries.
- Such a device according to the invention and a method for the safe control of a fire or substance leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects, especially for lithium batteries should be targeted particularly preferred for the safe control of a battery fire, to avoid hazards from particular fires or fire consequences that still today basically considered in the prior art to be difficult or impossible or not optimally controllable, for the practice, contribute.
- the invention can be applied extensively, including to preparations, products, use and promotion in the context of life cycles (in the sense of regulatory or normative terms), other flammable substances or products or (semi) electrically powered fuel cell vehicles, all products and Products, electric vehicles or energy systems, equipment and machinery, warehouses, combinations, infrastructures, collection points, recycling facilities, aircraft and the like, even be applied.
- the invention will be described essentially with reference to batteries as energy storage, especially large-scale ionic or metallic, of lithium-ion batteries, for use along the entire value chain. There is a significance for transports and transport processes, especially with dangerous goods such as lithium batteries. This in the context of the protection of life, nature, infrastructures and investments of many kinds and respects.
- Batteries and energy systems generally play an important role in the efficiency and individually determined society as well as in public transport / economy and the like. However, it can also be seen that these energy systems, which can store and release more and more energy and power, can develop fire events in extreme misuse, some of which, as in the following example, with the help of lithium-ion batteries are difficult to extinguish without having more significant, damaging or even more dangerous effects (dangerous heat, explosions (oxyhydrogen), fumes, fire etc.).
- a consequence of overheating or an internal short circuit may be a battery burn, which is currently the subject of discussion in the case of lithium batteries in particular. These things are certainly rare, but can hardly be prevented in the worst case by a protective electronics or any other measure nor be reduced completely without danger and residual risk.
- batteries are hermetically sealed (lithium-ion batteries, Li-polymer, Li-metal), but in the event of damage to or opening of safety devices or bursting of the enclosure, dangerous, sudden reactions may occur.
- the preferably embedded in the carbon lithium can react with water with flame formation. Hydrogen or HF (hydrofluoric acid) may be liberated during the reaction of the lithium with the electrolyte as well as with the extinguishing agent. Other toxic reaction products are also regularly produced in significant amounts. Forming hydrogen can form ignitable mixtures with the ambient air and burn off abruptly.
- German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2004 004 403 A1 describes a compressed-air foam system for use in extinguishing fire, comprising a line, a water flow sensor, a foam dosing device, an air line, an air flow sensor, an air flow control valve and a system control.
- the water flow sensor is configured to sense a water flow rate through the conduit.
- the airflow sensor is configured to sense an airflow rate through the airline.
- the system controller has a user-settable ratio input.
- the system controller is configured to receive the sensed water flow rate to receive the sensed air flow rate to output a first control signal to the airflow control valve and to output a second control signal to the foam dispenser.
- the system controller automatically adjusts the first and second control signals to maintain a ratio of air flow to foam flow based on the user adjustable ratio input.
- Dangers can in particular result from substances and preparations or products already at the beginning of unforeseen substance leakage. These can propagate in the sense that such a material outlet for ignition possibly further contributes to heating and ultimately enters a thermal runaway.
- a thermal runaway In a module or in a battery assembly, as they occur today in cars, then the thermal runaway can reproduce itself, which identifies the expert under propagation.
- venting are typically rather fast and large amounts of flue gases, which represent a particular hazard. Under certain circumstances it can also come to eruptive processes with detonation character. The latter is largely excluded by overpressure devices and by other measures in the art by the battery manufacturers. Battery fires, thermal runaway, etc. are reported.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and an improved apparatus for controlling a fire or a substance leakage.
- the inventive method for operating a device for controlling a fire or substance leakage, in particular for lithium batteries, which comprises a hot foam extinguishing system and a device for applying at least one neutralizer comprises the following steps:
- Hot foam in the context of the invention is understood to mean a foam which is up to at least 1200 ° C is heat resistant and is foamed in hot foam generators up to 600-fold, according to particular embodiments, up to 1200-fold.
- a neutralizer in the context of the present invention is intended to prevent at least one danger from escaping or even only temporarily forming hazards.
- toxic substance is taken up, also bound or reacted, or in a possible manner, for example also purely physically or biologically neutralized.
- the apparatus further comprises means for applying at least one reaction accelerator and the additional step of applying the at least one reaction accelerator.
- the application of the reaction accelerator separately and in time before or after the application of the hot foam or time before or after the application of the neutralizer or simultaneously with the application of the hot foam or the neutralizer feasible.
- reaction accelerator is thus independent of time of use of the neutralizer and / or hot foam.
- reaction accelerator can be applied separately or in a suitable sequence before, after or simultaneously with the neutralizer and / or the hot foam.
- the device further comprises, in addition to the means for applying a neutralizer and / or hot foam, means for applying at least one hazard inhibitor, and the additional step of applying the at least one hazard inhibitor.
- the application of the hazard inhibitor separately and in time before or after the application of the hot foam or time before or after the application of the neutralizer or simultaneously with the application of the hot foam or the neutralizer feasible.
- the application of the hazard inhibitor is thus independent of time of use of the neutralizer and / or the hot foam.
- the hazard inhibitor can be used separately or in a suitable Run before, after or together with the neutralizer and / or the hot foam can be applied.
- the apparatus in addition to the means for using a neutralizer and / or hot foam and / or reaction accelerator, the apparatus further comprises means for applying at least one hazard inhibitor, and the additional step of applying the at least one hazard inhibitor.
- the application of the hazard inhibitor separately and before or after the application of the hot foam or before or after the application of the neutralizer or the reaction accelerator or simultaneously with the application of the hot foam or the neutralizer or the reaction accelerator feasible.
- the hazard inhibitor thus temporally independent of an application of the neutralizer and / or the hot foam and / or the reaction accelerator.
- the hazard inhibitor can be applied separately or in a suitable sequence before, after or together with the neutralizer and / or the hot foam and / or the reaction accelerator.
- the application of the hot foam, and / or the neutralizer, and / or the reaction accelerator and / or the risk inhibitor takes place several times.
- the sequence of application of the method steps is carried out depending on the present situation of a substance leakage or fire.
- at least a portion of the applied hot foam is already preformed before the detection of a fire or material leakage and stored in a buffer memory.
- the neutralizer and / or the reaction accelerator and / or the hazard inhibitor are already preformed before the detection of a fire or substance leakage and stored in a buffer storage.
- the supply of hot foam and / or neutralizer and / or reaction accelerator and / or hazard inhibitor in the buffer storage is quickly available and can be reproduced from the supply in the process and thus permanently available constantly.
- the neutralizer and / or the reaction accelerator and / or hazard inhibitor are added to the hot foam when the hot foam extinguishing system is triggered.
- the device is in signal connection to at least one sensor system, by means of which parameters such as, for example, the temperature or operating data are detected and transmitted, wherein at least one step of the method is triggered by means of the sensor system.
- a further embodiment of the method has the further step of detecting the neutralizer activity by an indicator action or by a reaction product of the neutralizer.
- a neutralizer is used, in which a particular chemical see reaction in the neutralization of a substance from the outside is recognizable, for example by changing the properties of the neutralizer such as the color, the temperature or physical properties such as viscosity or a phase transition (eg liquid too solid: setting or failure) of the product.
- substances which indicate the neutralization such as, for example, CO 2 released .
- a further embodiment of the method has the further step of eliminating the consequences of the preceding steps, in particular if there is no further danger from the dangerous goods.
- a device for controlling a fire or substance leakage, in particular for lithium batteries is proposed, which is designed to carry out the out-going method described.
- An embodiment of this device binds at least one arrangement part in the vicinity of the expansion-limiting device.
- a further embodiment of this device has a guide, which serves to protect the extinguishing effect and / or to accelerate the reaction.
- a further embodiment of this device has a buffer memory in which pre-formed hot foam can be stored even before the detection of a fire or substance leakage.
- a further embodiment of this device has at least one buffer store, in which preformed neutralizer and / or the reaction accelerator and / or the risk inhibitor can already be stored before the detection of a fire or substance.
- a neutralizer is also proposed for use in a device for controlling a fire or substance leakage, in particular for lithium batteries as described above, as well as for use in the previously described method for operating such a device, whereby a risk arises from the use of the neutralizer of emerging or even only temporarily forming hazards due to a fire or substance leakage by neutralizing the hazard can be prevented.
- the neutralizer neutralizes a fire or material leakage by temperature conversion.
- the neutralizer is optionally used only once or repeatedly when the device is triggered, for example on the basis of measurement results or on suspicion or predicative.
- the neutralizer receives a pulp, binds and / or converts it, in particular neutralizes it physically and / or biologically and / or chemically.
- Lithium batteries are energy storage devices, such as ionic systems or batteries, whose definitions and classifications can be found in particular in the test manual UN 38.3, Tests and Criteria, and can then apply the invention. For these batteries in particular there are entries in the list of dangerous goods.
- the device consists according to a preferred example of an extinguishing device, in particular with at least one foam generator.
- the device can be completely independent of the battery resp. be the object to be deleted, such as separately in a system, stationary or mobile, in an airplane or in any other possible form.
- the method task is consequently solved by at least one step in one step
- one or more media can be used at least in one step.
- An extinguishing effect within the meaning of the invention can also consist only in receiving a substance outlet and / or neutralizing it.
- An extinguishing effect in the sense of the invention can be per se, cumulative or in any sequence and combination, depending on the event and fire load and safety requirement.
- substances and media of various types and combinations may be arranged or used, in at least one step of the process.
- a deletion effect can be achieved secondarily, in interrupting a propagation and / or interrupting a deletion, at least temporarily.
- the method for the safe control of a fire or substance leakage and the reduction of its spread and effects especially for lithium batteries is preferably by using an extinguishing method such as a 1200 ° C resistant hot foams (hot foam), quasi dry foam (expansion ratio E> 11) solved.
- Extinguishing method is within the meaning of the invention, any influence, which may preferably also consist in the omission of an influence.
- Dry foam can be any extinguishing foam solution or process step. Also preferably a water content, vapor content or mist content is preferably variable. Preference is given to all types of foam or foaming agents, with or without additive or additive complexes. Preferably, a neutralizer is added to the foaming agent or added in the same course, if not mix as a slurry or separate phase. This can happen to preferred foaming agents, such as protein foaming agents or synthetic foaming agents of all kinds, in at least one method step, preferably via the inventive device.
- preferred foaming agents such as protein foaming agents or synthetic foaming agents of all kinds
- compositions Preference is given to using a synthetic water-film-forming foam extinguishing agent based on surface-active and surface-active agents. Special fluorine- or fluorine-free components, tensides, foam stabilizers and antifreeze form the basis.
- the compositions preferably give a high-viscosity foam, at least in one process step.
- a preferred agent can be foamed very well, usually under pressure, as heavy or light and medium foam and creates according to a preferred embodiment due to the water film-forming and anti-reglomeration ingredients the prerequisite for a quick and sustainable extinguishing success especially in fires.
- the foaming agent solution emerging from the foam preferably forms the water film. It enhances the extinguishing performance, flowability and the special burnback resistance.
- the extinguishing time is significantly shortened and the fire is cooled.
- the water film preferably also extinguishes where the fire surface is covered only to a limited extent by foam or prevents flashbacks where the foam cover is torn open, preferably in at least one of the inventive steps.
- the foam is preferably oil-repellent (oleophobic), ie it does not burden itself with flammable material and is excellently suitable for the direct task on the flammable material, eg via monitors as well as for "sub-surface” foaming. Plastics are evenly covered and wetted intensively.
- the foam is preferably stable and, in combination with the water film, sustainably covers fire surfaces in a gastight manner according to a preferred embodiment.
- a neutralizer is used at least briefly and in one step.
- Batteries are preferably constructed to be stable on a regular basis, ie the design-in will generally grant a secure reception and fixation of the preferred prismatic or cylindrical cells even in the case of the thermal runaway of the battery.
- batteries are all energy and storage systems, independent of one or more transducers or power regulators, of their electrochemical type, structure or design or storage step.
- all substances, preparations or products and the like are usually include high fire loads and are critical in their possible hazards to subsume. Further also technical systems, infrastructures, airplanes, engines, storerooms.
- these are also hazardous substances, goods and, preferably, ionic batteries, such as lithium batteries, especially those of the large formats on the cell level as well as on the battery level.
- Power storage devices in the invention are preferably electrochemical storage media or electrostatic charge storages, also in any combination or offered together for transport.
- Electrochemical storage media comprise a battery cell set (battery, accumulator, rechargeable battery) with at least one individual rechargeable cell or rechargeable battery cells.
- batteries are exemplary of all potential cases of preferably relatively high fire loads to be considered within the meaning of the invention, for which the invention is preferably suitable.
- batteries for the purposes of this invention as energy systems or energy storage or power storage esp. converter or generator or network and distribution equipment, also defined as follows.
- These may be components such as cells or modules, batteries, bat- teriebau theme and the like, and fuel cells, turbines, engines, transmissions, cooling, tempering devices, transformers other products or substances and their mixtures, types or derivatives act.
- the hot foam preferably prevents electrical short circuits or at least reduces their danger.
- the foam prevents ignition of the flue gases or in the flue gas.
- this BMMS monitors the battery assembly always, even in sleep mode or during maintenance or removal of a battery assembly in the battery compartment, so that no hazards, dangerous heat developments and the like can be overlooked in the potential disaster case. For the purposes of the present invention, in particular such incidents are addressed.
- the BMS or the BMMS is coupled to the separation and / or the process. It is of particular inventive advantage if the BMS or the BMMS sets the method according to the invention in motion via a regulation which is advantageously of redundant design, as described here.
- gas or combustion gases here also called fire gases for the invention
- fire gases gas or combustion gases
- Certain battery systems with lithium iron phosphates and PVDF / anodes with graphite show higher gas volumes than lithium iron phosphates and SBR / anodes with graphite or mixed oxide systems with a NMC (nickel manganese cobalt), optionally with lithium manganate added or mixed.
- NMC nickel manganese cobalt
- the system can ignite due to a short circuit or even self-ignition.
- Gasoline fires are usually more difficult to control and spread to the entire vehicle.
- Battery fires have also been generated by equipment or device faults, such as electronic cigarettes or dive lights. The battery burn preferably does not spread to the entire vehicle, the batteries are fixed and the inventive solution ensures that any hazards are eliminated.
- Such device errors may also be due to operator error or chargers, resp. Inverter or the on-board electronics of a vehicle are generated.
- Creeping smoke is preferably neutralized by means of a neutralizer or at least one essential hazardous substance (dangerous goods defintions), at least in one process step of this invention.
- a neutralizer or at least one essential hazardous substance (dangerous goods defintions)
- This is preferably done in at least one process step with lime, lime or Calzi- umanhydrit (anhydrous gypsum).
- this can take place in a temporary controlled combustion process step with the optional use of a reaction accelerator.
- this reaction is resp. their reaction sequences are completely foamed.
- reaction products are collected in at least one step, and used for further process steps, at least to one such, in the process according to the invention.
- a extinguishing effect is thereby generated and / or amplified.
- the typical behavior may be regarded as venting, but during propagation it may also be considered as having strong flames among several multiple jet flame complexes.
- the behavior, especially the described jet flames (jet flames) will depend on the extent to which the construction of cell, battery module or battery resp. the entire structure of the battery assembly (battery assembly) is arranged concretely. Jet flames do not necessarily have to occur either, as described above there is also a system-determined failure behavior, which will manifest itself in the thermal runaway with significantly more or less emissions of flue gas and also HF.
- venting and / or one or more jet flame complexes is trapped in the foam, virtually foamed immediately.
- venting and / or the jet flame complexes are passed and / or concentrated through the device, preferably through a guide device.
- Venting and / or jet flame complexes within the meaning of the invention are any smoke or fire / flames that can be of any kind.
- IEC standards USABC or EUCAR eg in lithium batteries in the test regulations.
- the inventive device may preferably comprise a guide such as a fire baffle or a fireplace-like protection arrangement.
- this serves on the one hand the foam as a protective device (pressure reducer, restrictor, insulator).
- this inventive guide device can preferably (processively) accelerate the process step (temporarily) as a process step Support combustion chamber.
- such an inventive device part or a device part serves as a guide for the protection of the extinguishing effect, preferably a foam.
- the neutralizer may also be advantageous to the guide at least in one step and at least partially within or in any other context.
- the HF can damage the battery peripheral equipment, such as cables, parts, insulation, electronics, sensors and safety or switching devices together with insulation and insulation and the like and also creeping, that it comes to chain reactions, thus the entire battery assembly irreversibly damaged especially in the creeping process is destroyed or in the battery fire, even temporarily staggered nature. Other material leaks can also be "harmless", deposit themselves or lead to corrosion reactions that per se can not lead to any significant hazard.
- a deletion effect according to the invention is a deletion effect of any kind and form.
- An extinguishing effect can be generated in many ways. An exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 4. In the inventive sense, an extinguishing effect can also be seen in that at least partially, a extinguishing effect can also be seen in the fire passing without further action. Preferably, the fire is used in at least one of its effects or sequences to achieve an improved extinguishing effect.
- at least one hazard in a step that is temporary is neutralized by temperature conversion or neutralization.
- a neutralizer in the context of the present invention is intended to prevent at least one danger from escaping or even only temporarily forming hazards.
- toxic substance is preferably taken up in the foam, also bound or reacted, or in a possible manner, for example also purely physically or biologically neutralized.
- Hydrofluoric acid Aqueous solutions of hydrogen fluoride are called hydrofluoric acid.
- Hydrogen fluoride is a pungent-smelling, colorless, clear liquid boiling at 19- 20 ° C and strongly fuming in moist air. These vapors of hydrofluoric acid are also poisonous.
- Hydrofluoric acid boils as an azeotropic mixture at 112 ° C. Upon heating of hydrofluoric acid with a concentration of> 40%, hydrogen fluoride is emitted.
- Hydrogen fluoride is also formed during the hydrolysis of various fluorides (cobalt fluoride, phosphorus pentafluoride, silicon tetrafluoride, sulfur tetrafluoride).
- Hydrofluoric acid is a strong acid that reacts with many compounds with a strong evolution of heat, forming easily flammable and explosive substances. It attacks metal, glass and stone and dissolves silicon and must therefore be in plastic, lead,
- HF should preferably be neutralized with lime milk and the resulting insoluble calcium fluoride should be properly disposed of as a waste product, neutralization with alkalis (NaOH or KOH) or alkaline earth compounds (eg CaO, Ca (OH) 2, CaCO 3 or neutralized Binder, fabric, filters, mats, loosening materials, etc., which are used as neutralizers in one step of the process according to the invention, can preferably also be used as neutralizer or as absorbent material In the construction industry, a distinction is made, for example, between hydraulic binders.
- Non-hydraulic binders are not water-resistant in the hardened state
- Advantageous and common binders are:
- Burnt lime especially lime, lime mixture, - milk
- HF is burned off as an example, in at least one temporary step.
- a reaction accelerator in the sense of the invention is a substance or medium of any kind or at least one process step of suitable type of any form. Preferably, this may also be air and water, a catalyst and the like. Preferably, this or at least one substance is at least also used to achieve a extinguishing effect, which according to one embodiment may be oxygen.
- a reaction acceleration is achieved partially.
- a reaction acceleration is achieved temporarily, preferably in that a extinguishing effect is also restricted in a targeted manner in order to run or accelerate a temporary reaction such as a fire.
- the device can withstand a negative pressure such as an overpressure, without developing a danger thereof.
- a negative pressure such as an overpressure
- a body forms, in particular to the guideway also a kind of almost closed unit, which is used for the inventive method. Regardless of whether the technology is permanently installed on board, temporarily located or associated with the containment / packaging.
- the process can be carried out according to the invention with or in and in operative connection with closed containers, cold traps, in each case with an additional suitable adsorbent or agent.
- the inventive method is carried out predicatively, so that no danger can arise at all.
- the process is carried out temporarily until it is ensured that the reaction has subsided or no hazardous situation can occur. Investigations have shown that in the case of a hybrid battery with xs25Ah, this may be the case for about 5 minutes to 45 minutes, depending on the modulus or actual propagation effect.
- the extinguishing agent remains yes of stock, up to ten hours, so there is time enough, for example, to end a promotion. It is also advantageous in the context that any fire nests subside, so it can no longer endanger the opening of about a container.
- foam can be added.
- reaction rate intensity and / or temperature.
- a reliable treatment against HF can thus also be achieved thermally, or later hazards can be completely avoided from the otherwise possibly contained or stifled fire in the inventive method.
- the affected battery would burn out by way of example, RF implemented, other hazards prevented by the described other effects of the extinguishing effect.
- An increase in the reaction rate can be up to a multiple, so it is advantageously possible to make the technique more efficient.
- the inventive method is carried out in a step for neutralizing a hazard, for example such that a first substance outlet is neutralized and contained, caught or absorbed. It is particularly advantageous that, according to an exemplary embodiment, the smoke is suffocated and absorbed in one step, the neutralizer is introduced in one step.
- efficient extinguishing agents such as e.g. AFFF foam, significantly reducing extinguishing time for certain fires, thereby reducing the incidence of highly toxic, carcinogenic and persistent emissions.
- the extinguishing effect is based on the one hand in foam on separation of the burned material from atmospheric oxygen (extinguishing effect suffocation).
- a cooling effect is also effective (extinguishing effect cooling).
- the cooling effect may predominate.
- MBS-based foams on burning liquids do not form a water film and are therefore more susceptible to re-ignition and tearing.
- the safe extinguishing effect is achieved mainly by the increase in volume. This enormous enlargement of the surface often absorbs more heat.
- this is advantageous, and according to a preferred embodiment this may also be less, for example 1: 5 or more 1:16.
- the hot foam foam and / or the neutralizer and / or the reaction accelerator preformed.
- this is a buffer amount, which is then very quickly available and can be reproduced from the supply in the process, thus permanently supplied constant.
- the inventive method includes at least one step involving a hot foam foam solution, also in combination with other options described.
- the decomposed foam after about 9 hours can preferably be sucked off and disposed of.
- a hot foam fire extinguishing system (smoke foam) is therefore a sensible alternative to conventional fire extinguishing methods. It preferably extinguishes the fire in a production or storage hall quickly by full foam filling. By eliminating the unnecessary electric foam generators, foam gates and pressure relief ports and their control, this quenching process is quite an affordable, advantageous, fire extinguishing solution.
- the hot foam extinguishing system can preferably be designed as a stationary and semi-stationary or mobile extinguishing system.
- Preferred and advantageous is the relatively favorable disposal of the then together completing smoke foam as well as or partially bound therein Abreaktions occur the neutralization and / or the reaction acceleration.
- the neutralizer and / or the reaction accelerator is optionally attached to the triggering of the extinguishing system via the pump, the concentrate or separately and thus preferably on the existing system, for example due to measurement results or suspicion or predicative, even temporarily only once or repeatedly if necessary ., also mixed, fed.
- this is done quasi separately, but it is supplied to the foam generator or admixed or the like.
- the nozzles particularly advantageous are three nozzles in the foam generator for these neutralization purposes, respectively. Reaction acceleration purposes or be used for this one or more times in combination performed step.
- the steps are redundant executable.
- the steps are independent of any other, such as a battery control (BMS, BMMS, PCM, OPC e.c.) or a transport lock.
- BMS battery control
- BMMS Battery Management
- PCM PCM
- OPC e.c. transport lock
- the inventive method can be centralized or decentralized, such as a cockpit, a control center or headquarters resp. a higher level of automation or technical or intelligence.
- This is preferably a BMS electronic control of any kind and shape.
- such a control is set up in accordance with the invention and is in signal transmission with it.
- the neutralizer is arranged on the wire or can be fed via the wire.
- the neutralizer can remain there independent of the function of the foam generator up to one or more separate steps and be triggered separately.
- the ascended flue gases are optionally bound to the neutralizer in the foam bubbles.
- the foam and the flue gases bound therein fall, and in the example of a container, it fills it within a short time, preferably within 1-4 minutes.
- a fire is completely avoided if necessary, an emerging fire smothered.
- Favor is cooled very well.
- the inventive task has already been solved. But alone is also the resulting cooling or embroidery effect, which results from the foam. It is preferably advantageous here that no further steps or measures are thus required.
- no expensive other protection solution such as a separate packaging is required.
- the method triggers automatically.
- the device comprises at least one sensor system and in the inventive method at least one step triggered by at least one sensor system.
- At least one redundant and / or diverse sensors are arranged in a sensitive infrastructure, such as an aircraft.
- at least one method step, also repeated, is likely to trigger a detection via only one triggering result.
- only one neutralization is carried out in one process step.
- a temporary effect such as a special embroidery effect (increased foam load) or catalytic effect is generated.
- This can advantageously be caused by one and the same device.
- the device may preferably have separate devices which preferably allow further access, preferably for a substance other than that needed for the foam quenching.
- this can stabilize the foam effect, i. Foaming, foam effect and maintenance are supported.
- the foam is thereby protected even against the jet flames or other danger.
- the battery module or cell envelope (prismatic or round cell housing) is a guide or defined as a separate part of the inventive device.
- the water pump and the pump for the foam concentrate is controlled.
- the water or other substance, mixture, derivative preferably 3% foam concentrate is added. In another exemplary embodiment, this may also be less, 6% or more.
- This water / foam mixture preferably in one step, only water or steam is then conveyed to the foam generators and via the nozzles in the foam generator, pressed against the sieve, resp. introduced.
- the counter-pressing of the foam the ascended flue gases bound in the foam bubbles.
- the foam and the flue gases bound therein fall into the protected object (e.g., high bay warehouse, ...) and fill it in a short time, such as a storage hall in 4 minutes. This is preferably done so that important functions of the object or the machine or the battery are not affected.
- a short time such as a storage hall in 4 minutes.
- at least part of a battery is obtained.
- an aircraft as another example, can safely terminate the flight.
- Inhibitors may preferably be arranged as neutralizers or used at least in one step.
- Chemical inhibitors passivators, inhibitors, retarders, anticatalysts, negative catalysts.
- corrosion inhibitors may preferably be added to the medium.
- a catalyst is selected to accelerate only that reaction which achieves the desired product. Impurities caused by by-products and hazards are thus largely avoided.
- a reaction accelerator in the sense of the invention is a substance or else a process step. Preferably described in the figures as (S8).
- the invention can preferably be set and carried out efficiently in a targeted manner in any desired steps or combinations.
- Flue gases preferably do not emit advantageously into technical systems, and no flammable gas concentrations can be formed. Dangerous heat is advantageously contained, protected important device. It is particularly advantageous that a very small proportion of water is bound and only required, so nothing can get into the soil.
- this can be stored material or used as an example from cooling circuits or car washes in case of need, the process advantageously be flexibly upgraded in a vehicle or aircraft and with simple effort.
- modules or batteries / cells by separation with insulating material such as a 1000 ° C melt-resistant material such as an engineering ceramics as described below or a material such as Microtherm plates or moldings such as cylinders thereof for wrapping in cylindrical batteries (large format), side complaint and to use as box without a fixed lid or simply as foreclosure to the next module.
- insulating material such as a 1000 ° C melt-resistant material such as an engineering ceramics as described below or a material such as Microtherm plates or moldings such as cylinders thereof for wrapping in cylindrical batteries (large format), side complaint and to use as box without a fixed lid or simply as foreclosure to the next module.
- insulating material such as a 1000 ° C melt-resistant material such as an engineering ceramics as described below or a material such as Microtherm plates or moldings such as cylinders thereof for wrapping in cylindrical batteries (large format), side complaint and to use as box without a fixed lid or simply as foreclosure to the next module.
- the lining or insulation of the excellent liquid-tight separation by suitable engineering ceramics, glass foams or their occupation with Pyrobubbles are applied in multiple layers and can optionally be arranged or embedded with special sealing materials + fibers.
- a carbide ceramic or a derivative thereof is advantageous according to the invention.
- These carbide ceramics are excellently advantageous according to the invention also used for the lining as a separation or form laterally shaped body, which at least partially enclose a battery or a - module.
- Engineered ceramics of the type described withstand more than 1200 ° C during rapid temperature changes, against such shocks combine the property of HF Resistance, so that such ceramics as carbides, especially recrystallized silicon carbide are particularly suitable according to a particular inventive embodiment.
- the geometric shape of a hollow cylinder around a battery module ensure that the resulting heat and the gases are better dissipated and no congestion forms over the combustion gas binding device.
- these arrangements also possibly reduce pressure rise well.
- the direct sufficiently positive connection of such a hollow cylinder with the combustion gas binding device are provided.
- a feed device preferably acts as an option, for example an automatic recognition and conveying device which conveys and distributes the material to the event location via an electronic control and measuring device.
- an automatic recognition and conveying device which conveys and distributes the material to the event location via an electronic control and measuring device.
- the free-flowing material is arranged excellently above the energy store and is released by the occurrence of heat, for example by melting away a membrane or opening a predetermined breaking point made of a plastic. Thus trickles down to the event location, local, until the respective separation.
- the material then trickles between the separation and energy storage initially and supports or strengthens the already arranged insulation at the site.
- This has the advantage that one can make thinner, described to, between the separation etc. described described insulation thinner, only in an emergency, this would be reinforced.
- a layer of foaming agents of 3cm can withstand heat up to 1000 ° C resp. take up.
- a further modification would be provided for the over the separation and the energy storage stored flowable material with predetermined breaking points, which are triggered by a fire alarm system. According to a further preferred modification, this could be done or triggered by self-triggering fire-extinguishing devices or by means of a propellant charge, for example from an airbag.
- the propellant charge of the airbag or the airbag itself would rupture or destroy the above-described retention membrane for the flowable material enough to allow enough material to trickle out.
- the propellant charge of the airbag or the airbag itself would rupture or destroy the above-described retention membrane for the flowable material enough to allow enough material to trickle out.
- the transport case preferably to form a separation around the electric vehicle or, depending on the size of the batteries (kWh), individual transport units which then correspond to a sufficient combustion gas binding device.
- this can be done so that redundant Brandgasitatis- facilities secure several transport units.
- the separation and, for example, the combustion gas binding device and / or the battery can preferably be arranged in various forms and arrangements with other device or any coupled.
- the partition may preferably include a functional sensor or electronics. This can be arranged according to a particularly advantageous exemplary embodiment so that parameters or a parameter such as the temperature can be constantly monitored, transmitted or visualized. Due to the complete binding of the smoke produced at the source of the fire, no smoke / particles enter the atmosphere and very rapid extinguishment occurs in all areas of the room to be protected in its separation proposed according to the invention.
- the hot foam extinguishing system fulfills extinguishing properties in certain exceptional fire situations.
- Other systems such as water mist, foam, steam, suppression, inhibition or PyroBubbles systems, are optional.
- hot-foam systems as fire gas bonding devices here, a mixture of approximately 97% water and 3% is used here.
- Hot foam extinguishing systems can advantageously be combined with sprinkler systems or similar technical extinguishing options as inventive, preferred, combustion gas binding devices.
- inventive, preferred, combustion gas binding devices In order to be able to dominate particularly high fire loads (of batteries), it is expedient to use a hot foam extinguishing method, which achieves a safe extinguishing without expensive construction measures.
- 3 shows a further exemplary method sequence according to the invention
- 4 is a schematic representation of an exemplary hot foam extinguishing system
- Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of an exemplary device according to the invention for controlling a fire or substance leakage.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary sequence of steps of a method according to the invention with operating data which generate or represent a hazard, and are detected, S2 transmission of the data S3, or execution of an immediate measure S4 with neutralizer, accelerator, hazard inhibitor.
- S5 at least triggering, build up a extinguishing effect, preferably a flue gas binding measure of unpressurized nature, asphyxiation and / or cooling.
- S5 Preferably, a flue gas binding measure of unpressurized nature, asphyxiation and / or cooling.
- a buffer S6 Downstream or in the process, one or more sequences of the reaction are preferably eliminated S7.
- a hazard is effectively negated, preferably the dry foam is then simply sucked away / sucked up, blown away or the like.
- a reaction accelerator in the sense of the invention is a substance or else a process step. Preferably described herein as S8.
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary process sequence according to the invention. If operating data are detected and transmitted in steps S1 and S2, which indicate that one or more battery parameters are not in order, an immediate action is initiated with S4. If jet flames or a battery burn are detected, then hot foam is supplied S5 and an immediate action S4 is repeatedly used, for example a reaction accelerator is used. Furthermore, hot foam is supplied from the hot foam buffer S6, and another immediate measure S4 is performed.
- FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary method sequence according to the invention which is applicable, in particular, to batteries which can not be diagnosed.
- an immediate measure S4 is initiated and hot foam S5 is applied. Furthermore, hot foam is supplied from the hot foam buffer S6 and a catalyst measure S8 is carried out. Thereafter, hot foam is further supplied S5 and another emergency measure applied S4.
- FIG 4 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary hot foam extinguishing system 20, as is known in the art.
- foam concentrate is stored, which is guided via a pump 12 to the Schaumzumischer 13.
- water is pumped by a water pump 14.
- the water-foam mixture 15 formed in Schaumzumischer 13 is then fed via supply lines to Shuumerdüsen 6, where it is foamed when passing through a screen in a known manner using ambient air to form a hot foam.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary device 10 according to the invention for controlling a fire or substance leakage. Shown is a supply line for hot foam 3 and a neutralizer 8, and Schwarzerdüsen 6 for foaming the hot foam 3 and nozzle openings 1 for supplying a neutralizer 8.
- the Schwarzumerdüsen 6 and the nozzle openings 1 are arranged above a battery 4. Also above the battery, a separate supplier 7 is arranged, by means of which, for example, hot foam 3 from a buffer memory (not shown) can be supplied.
- a guide 5 is arranged in the form of a baffle, which serves to ensure that a hot foam 3 and a neutralizer 8 is not applied directly to the fire in case of danger, but in an area next to the battery. It is intended to fill the space around the battery, so that with sufficient filling of the environment hot foam 3 rises if necessary with the neutralizer 8 side over the battery 4 and then stifled the fire, or finished the fabric outlet. Further, the guide 5 is used to form a kind of combustion chamber, by means of which the reaction of an immediate measure such as a reaction acceleration is supported temporarily targeted.
- a supply line for a reaction accelerator 2 / neutralizer 8 is arranged, by means of which a reaction accelerator 2 and / or a neutralizer 8 a source of danger to the battery 4 by means of a nozzle opening. 1 can be fed.
- a reaction accelerator 2 and / or a neutralizer 8 can be applied to the battery 4 or in its immediate vicinity in case of danger and act there until a hot foam 3 reaches the space below the guide 5 from the side.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202014007301.5U DE202014007301U1 (de) | 2014-09-13 | 2014-09-13 | Vorrichtung zur gefahrlosen Beherrschung eines Brandes oder Stoffaustrittes und der Verminderung seiner Ausbreitung und Auswirkungen |
PCT/EP2015/070885 WO2016038207A1 (de) | 2014-09-13 | 2015-09-11 | Verfahren zum betrieb einer vorrichtung zur beherrschung eines brandes oder stoffaustrittes, insbesondere für lithiumbatterien |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3191195A1 true EP3191195A1 (de) | 2017-07-19 |
Family
ID=54238388
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15771869.3A Ceased EP3191195A1 (de) | 2014-09-13 | 2015-09-11 | Verfahren zum betrieb einer vorrichtung zur beherrschung eines brandes oder stoffaustrittes, insbesondere für lithiumbatterien |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3191195A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE202014007301U1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2016038207A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102020117270A1 (de) | 2020-07-01 | 2022-01-05 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Traktionsbatterieeinrichtung mit Löschvorrichtung |
DE102021120218A1 (de) | 2021-08-04 | 2023-02-09 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Kühleinrichtung und Verfahren zum Kühlen einer Batterie zur Verhinderung oder Bekämpfung eines Batteriebrands |
DE102022103176B3 (de) | 2022-02-10 | 2022-12-08 | Sander-Schulz GbR (vertretungsberechtigte Gesellschafter: Matthias Sander, 04416 Markkleeberg, Thilo Schulz, 04416 Markkleeberg) | Raumzelle für parkende Fahrzeuge, Verfahren zur Brandvermeidung oder Brandbekämpfung und Verwendung |
CN114504752A (zh) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-17 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | 一种灭火装置、灭火方法、控制器及计算机可读存储介质 |
CN117292311A (zh) * | 2023-09-07 | 2023-12-26 | 江苏鑫赛德智慧建设有限公司 | 一种基于ai图像识别的消防火灾复燃预测系统 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE202013006631U1 (de) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-11-19 | Envites Energy Gesellschaft für Umwelttechnik und Energiesysteme mbH | Hochleistungs- oder Hochenergiespeicher mit Betriebsraum 2 für elektrische Anlagen mit entgasungsfreien Batterien zur Handhabung einer in einem Betriebsraum angeordneten elektrochemischen Vorrichtung |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE306528C (de) | ||||
SE365532B (de) | 1968-04-19 | 1974-03-25 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | |
IE33057B1 (en) | 1968-04-29 | 1974-03-06 | Ici Ltd | Fire-fighting foams |
BE787502A (fr) | 1971-08-18 | 1973-02-12 | Ici Ltd | Mousses |
US4090967A (en) | 1975-12-19 | 1978-05-23 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Aqueous wetting and film forming compositions |
HU225884B1 (en) | 2002-04-17 | 2007-11-28 | Istvan Szoecs | Automatic fire fighting apparatus using foam especially for liquid hydrocarbon containers |
US6991041B2 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2006-01-31 | Hale Products, Inc. | Compressed air foam pumping system |
DE102011075318A1 (de) * | 2011-05-05 | 2012-11-08 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | Batteriegehäuse für Lithium-Ionen-Zellen |
US8616071B1 (en) * | 2011-09-12 | 2013-12-31 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Systems of testing fire fighting vehicle foam delivery systems using environmentally benign surrrogate fluid |
US9415248B2 (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2016-08-16 | The Boeing Company | Fire extinguishment container |
-
2014
- 2014-09-13 DE DE202014007301.5U patent/DE202014007301U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2015
- 2015-09-11 WO PCT/EP2015/070885 patent/WO2016038207A1/de active Application Filing
- 2015-09-11 EP EP15771869.3A patent/EP3191195A1/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202013006631U1 (de) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-11-19 | Envites Energy Gesellschaft für Umwelttechnik und Energiesysteme mbH | Hochleistungs- oder Hochenergiespeicher mit Betriebsraum 2 für elektrische Anlagen mit entgasungsfreien Batterien zur Handhabung einer in einem Betriebsraum angeordneten elektrochemischen Vorrichtung |
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Title |
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See also references of WO2016038207A1 * |
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WO2016038207A1 (de) | 2016-03-17 |
DE202014007301U1 (de) | 2015-12-16 |
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