EP3178300A1 - Allumage de flammes d'un métal électropositif par plasmatisation du gaz de réaction - Google Patents

Allumage de flammes d'un métal électropositif par plasmatisation du gaz de réaction

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Publication number
EP3178300A1
EP3178300A1 EP15766781.7A EP15766781A EP3178300A1 EP 3178300 A1 EP3178300 A1 EP 3178300A1 EP 15766781 A EP15766781 A EP 15766781A EP 3178300 A1 EP3178300 A1 EP 3178300A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
metal
reaction gas
electropositive metal
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15766781.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Helmut Eckert
Marek Maleika
Manfred Rührig
Dan Taroata
Renate Elena KELLERMANN
Günter Schmid
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3178300A1 publication Critical patent/EP3178300A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/42—Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3468—Vortex generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3484—Convergent-divergent nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
    • F02P9/002—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression
    • F02P9/007—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression by supplementary electrical discharge in the pre-ionised electrode interspace of the sparking plug, e.g. plasma jet ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for combusting a reaction gas with an electropositive metal, wherein the electropositive metal is selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum and zinc, and mixtures and / or alloys thereof, wherein the reaction gas before and / or during combustion at least temporarily in a plasma, for example, only for the purpose of igniting the reaction gas, is transferred, and an apparatus for performing the method.
  • the electropositive metal is selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum and zinc, and mixtures and / or alloys thereof, wherein the reaction gas before and / or during combustion at least temporarily in a plasma, for example, only for the purpose of igniting the reaction gas, is transferred, and an apparatus for performing the method.
  • a problem here is the reaction of the electropositive metal with the reaction gas and thereby also the starting of the reaction.
  • the metal is heated by means of a gas flame or an electric heater to the required ignition temperature.
  • alkali metals are capable of spontaneous combustion, and for example, in contact with water in the case of Ru ⁇ bidium and cesium to already sufficient air contact.
  • the electrical spark-over is used between the electric ⁇ a spark plug in which the fuel-air mixture is locally heated for a short time to 3000 to 6000 K at present Mo ⁇ factors.
  • the transmitted through the plasma between the electrodes to the mixture thermal energy must be greater than the losses to the electrodes ,
  • the ionized gas between the electrodes during this phase reaches temperatures of about 6000 K. At higher flow velocities or with cold reaction gas, however, such ignition is not always reliable.
  • Another ignition system is known from plasma cutters.
  • the air is heated by an electric arc (HV discharge) to an extremely high temperature.
  • HV discharge electric arc
  • an electrically conductive plasma is formed, through which the cutting current can flow from the electrode in the interior of the plasma cutting torch to the workpiece (anode).
  • the workpiece anode
  • the cutting nozzle with a small bore constricts the cutting current and thereby causes a highly concentrated plasma cutting jet.
  • This plasma arc melts metals very quickly and due to its high kinetic energy, the melt is ejected from the kerf. It results in a clean and smooth cut.
  • a corresponding device is known, for example, from DE 10 2009 004 968 AI.
  • the present invention relates to a method for combusting a reaction gas with an electropositive metal, wherein the electropositive metal is selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum and zinc, and mixtures and / or alloys thereof, wherein the reaction gas before and / or during combustion, at least time ⁇ wise transferred into a plasma and wherein the reaction gas and the electropositive metal by feed ge ⁇ separates, preferably coaxially, at least one nozzle are supplied and the supplied reaction gas within the mindes ⁇ least one nozzle at least temporarily transferred into a plasma is, for example, only for the purpose of igniting the reaction ⁇ onsgases.
  • the electropositive metal is selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum and zinc, and mixtures and / or alloys thereof, wherein the reaction gas before and / or during combustion, at least time ⁇ wise transferred into a plasma and wherein the reaction gas and the electropositive metal by feed ge ⁇ separates, preferably coaxially, at least one
  • the present OF INVENTION ⁇ dung relates to an apparatus for burning a reaction gas having an electropositive metal
  • the electropositive Me ⁇ tall is selected from alkali, alkaline earth metals, aluminum and zinc, and mixtures and / or alloys thereof, comprising
  • At least one nozzle configured to atomize a mixture of electropositive metal and reaction gas, a first electropositive metal feeder adapted to supply the electropositive metal to the at least one nozzle;
  • a second supply means for the reaction gas which is adapted to supply the reaction gas to the at least one nozzle
  • an ignition device and / or in the at least one nozzle which converts the reaction gas at least temporarily into a plasma within the at least one nozzle.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a two-fluid nozzle for
  • Liquid metal atomization, with plasma ignition Liquid metal atomization, with plasma ignition.
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a single-substance nozzle
  • Liquid metal atomization with plasma ignition Liquid metal atomization with plasma ignition.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows an inverse construction with internal plasma nozzle and external liquid metal atomization.
  • FIG. 4 again shows schematically a liquid metal nozzle with plasma ignition with a detailed view of the high-voltage (HV) discharge.
  • HV high-voltage
  • FIG. 6 shows schematically a plasma nozzle with swirl disk and internal liquid metal nozzle.
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary device according to the invention of a two-component nozzle for liquid metal atomization with plasma ignition.
  • the present invention relates, according to a first aspect, to a method for combusting a reaction gas with an electropositive metal, wherein the electropositive metal is selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum and zinc, and mixtures and / or alloys thereof, wherein the reaction gas before and / or during combustion, at least time ⁇ wise transferred into a plasma and wherein the reaction gas and the electropositive metal by feed ge ⁇ separates, preferably coaxially, at least one nozzle are supplied and the supplied reaction gas within the mindes ⁇ least one nozzle at least temporarily transferred into a plasma is, for example, only for the purpose of ignition of the reaction gas.
  • the electropositive metal is selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum and zinc, and mixtures and / or alloys thereof, wherein the reaction gas before and / or during combustion, at least time ⁇ wise transferred into a plasma and wherein the reaction gas and the electropositive metal by feed ge ⁇ separates, preferably coaxially, at least one
  • the electropositive metal is, according to certain embodiments ⁇ forms selected from alkali metals, preferably Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs, alkaline earth metals, preferably Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba, Al and Zn, and mixtures and / or alloys thereof.
  • the electropositive metal is selected from Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al and Zn, more preferably Li and Mg, and most preferably the electropositive metal is lithium.
  • suitable gases for the reaction gas are those which can react with the said electropositive metal or mixtures and / or alloys of the electropositive metals in an exothermic reaction, although these are not particularly limited.
  • Example ⁇ adhesive may be the reaction gas is air, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, water vapor, nitrogen oxides NO x as
  • Nitrous oxide nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, or mixtures thereof.
  • the method can therefore also for
  • Desulfurization or NOx removal can be used.
  • different products can be obtained with the various electropositive metals, which can be obtained as solid, liquid or also in gaseous form.
  • electropositive metal such as lithium
  • nitrogen at ⁇ alia metal nitride, such as lithium nitride arise, which can then be further reacted later to ammonia
  • electropositive metal such as lithium
  • Carbon dioxide for example, metal carbonate, for example, lithium carbonate, carbon monoxide, metal oxide, eg
  • Lithium oxide, or metal carbide, such as lithium carbide, as well as mixtures thereof may arise, from the carbon monoxide with hydrogen higher, for example, longer-chained, carbonaceous products such as methane, ethane, etc. to gasoline, diesel, but also methanol, etc. can be ⁇ ge gained, for example in a Fischer-Tropsch process, while metal carbide, for example,
  • Lithium carbide for example acetylene can be obtained.
  • nitrous oxide as a fuel gas such as metal nitride arise.
  • Analogous reactions may also result for the other metals mentioned.
  • the necessary energy can be introduced to start the reaction.
  • the reaction is started by plasmaizing the reaction gas and then at the same time or afterwards the electropositive metal is introduced.
  • the reac ⁇ tion gas can then be present as plasma or not.
  • the reac tion ⁇ can be started during the supply of electropositive metal and the reaction gas by transferring the reaction gas into a plasma.
  • the reaction gas may also be vortexed prior to or during the supply for plasmatization to achieve better mixing with the electropositive metal and to stabilize the plasma flame, for example by swirlers or swirl disks.
  • the generation of the plasma within the nozzle is not particularly limited and can be done, for example, by high voltage or by supply of thermal energy or otherwise, for example by DC sparks, by focused laser beams or by using the pinch effect. Preference is given to plasma generation by high voltage.
  • the plasma is generated by high voltage, wherein the nozzle is one of the electrodes.
  • the plasma is generated within the at least one nozzle by high-voltage discharge (HV discharge) in the range of 4 to 100 kV, preferably 4 to 10 kV, for example by igniting the reaction gas, where preferably, the nozzle serves as an electrode.
  • HV discharge high-voltage discharge
  • the high-voltage ⁇ can hereby be with or without alternating electric field. In an alternating field, the frequency is not limited, and may be ⁇ Sonders, for example, 0 Hz (DC),
  • High-frequency field of the generated current 10 A, more preferably in the range of 10 mA - - 1000 mA because currents in the range of 1 mA are preferred ⁇ forth.
  • the high voltage can be provided, for example, by at least one high-voltage generator, which according to the invention is not particularly limited. Via high-voltage insulators and / or a corresponding suitable coating of the feed device, according to certain embodiments, a spark in the feeders and a premature ignition of the plasma can be avoided and the ignition can be located in the nozzle.
  • the plasma exits the interior of the nozzle in the flow direction of the reaction gas.
  • the nozzle and / or to be ⁇ guide device designed capable, for example in form or arrangement, or the streams may be adjusted appropriately. This can be used to ensure that the plasma comes into contact with enough reaction gas.
  • the high voltage can be easily turned off in accordance with certain embodiments, and a flame of reaction gas and electropositive metal can continue to burn on its own. If the flame goes out, it can be ignited again at any time by applying the high voltage.
  • the electrodes for example the electrical connection of the high-voltage and the corresponding ground connection, independently of the specific nozzle structure. This only affects the construction direction of the HV discharge, which, however, has no effect on the process if the plasma flame of the reaction gas is suitably ignited.
  • the nozzle is preferably one of the electrodes, and the further electrode is located in the interior of the nozzle, for example one of the further feed devices or the electropositive metal itself, in order to achieve targeted plasma ignition inside the nozzle and to ensure this quickly and efficiently so that even with ho ⁇ hen flow velocities of the electropositive metal, for example 0.1 g / s at small plants to 10 kg / s or more for large systems, this efficiently ignited and reacted who can ⁇ .
  • an electrode on the outer wall of the outermost feeder which is in contact with the nozzle, are attached.
  • electrodes may be applied to the outer and inner walls of the feeders located in the nozzle to achieve ignition inside the nozzle.
  • the actual local point of the high-voltage discharge, and thus the point of Plasmatleiter of the reaction gas can be adjusted in accordance with certain embodiments of the distance of the anode to the cathode, such as a metal nozzle for the reaction gas nozzle ⁇ .
  • This can be in particular the point of the smallest distance between the electrodes, since there the insulation distance is the shortest and thus sets there HV discharge.
  • This is illustrated for an example ⁇ embodiment in Figure 4, and is carried out in more detail in the examples.
  • the plasma point is here not limited to one point and can also occupy a certain area, for example the area between the nozzles or feeders, which occupies the smallest distance between them.
  • an atomizing gas is supplied to the at least one nozzle and the electropositive metal is atomized with the atomizing gas.
  • the electropositive metal can be better in the plasma and / or the reaction gas to be distributed and thus the reac tion ⁇ be further improved.
  • better control of the exo ⁇ -thermal reaction can be carried out by the supply of atomization gas, for example by heat produced is transferred to the atomizing gas. From this heat in the sputtering gas can then be obtained later electrical energy, for example, with the aid of at least one heat exchanger and / or at least one turbine with at least one generator.
  • the heat can also be used in other ways, for example for preheating the electropositive metal and / or the reaction gas before it is fed to the nozzle.
  • atomization of the electropositive metal can also take place in other ways, for example by
  • the atomizing gas, the invention is not particularly be ⁇ limits, and may correspond to the reaction gas, but also be different from this. Air, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, methane, hydrogen, water vapor, nitrogen, for example, come as sputtering gas.
  • Nitrous oxide mixtures of two or more of these gases, etc. for use.
  • various gases such as methane, can serve for heat transport and dissipate the heat of reaction of the reaction of electropositive metal with the reaction gas from the nozzle.
  • the various carrier gases atomization gases can, for example, to the Re ⁇ action of the reaction gas with the electropositive metal ge can be adapted to achieve synergy effects if necessary.
  • the feed rates for reactant gas elektropositi- ves metal and optionally atomising gas are not particularly limited and can be ⁇ depending on the used reaction gas, electro positive metal and if necessary vary the sputtering gas and thus the reaction taking place or else Plasmatmaschine.
  • the reaction kinetics and dynamics for example by means of appropriate simulations or based on simple experiments with different Strömungsge ⁇ speeds, they can be properly determined.
  • the electropositive metal is liquefied or atomized before being fed into the at least one nozzle and fed to the at least one nozzle as a liquid or as a particle.
  • the particles can hereby ge ⁇ Telss certain embodiments have such a size that its maximum length constituting at any cross-section up to and including 20% of the nozzle diameter.
  • ⁇ by supplying the electropositive metal can be simplified and the reaction with the reaction gas are erleich ⁇ tert.
  • the electropositive metal can be more easily atomized and distributed according to certain embodiments, whereby an improved reaction can be achieved.
  • the temperature of the liquid or the particles is not particularly limited and can be selectively adjusted depending on the reaction ⁇ ons Adjust.
  • the electropositive metal can serve as an electrode in plasma generation.
  • the electropositive metal can be used, for example, as a strand of easily atomizable solids.
  • a dense cloud of metal Parti ⁇ angles accordance with certain embodiments yet to have sufficient overall conductivity, so that the effect occurs ⁇ civil.
  • the sparks can then simply jump over the particles.
  • This total conductivity can vary, for example, depending on the electropositive metal used, but also depending on the particle size and can be suitably adjusted or determined on the basis of, for example, the electrical properties of the electropositive metal and simulations or simple experiments.
  • Environmentally accordance with certain embodiments summarizes a dense cloud of metal particles 0.5 to 50 mass ⁇ percent, more preferably 10 - 20 mass percent of metal in Be ⁇ train on the mixture of all supplied components, wherein ⁇ play electropositive metal, reaction gas and optionally atomising gas.
  • the present OF INVENTION ⁇ dung relates to an apparatus for burning a reaction gas having an electropositive metal, the electropositive metal is selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metals, aluminum and zinc, and mixtures and / or alloys thereof, comprising:
  • At least one nozzle configured to atomize a mixture of electropositive metal and reaction gas
  • a first electropositive metal feeder adapted to supply the electropositive metal to the at least one nozzle
  • a second supply means for the reaction gas which is adapted to supply the reaction gas to the at least one nozzle
  • an ignition device and / or in the at least one nozzle which converts the reaction gas at least temporarily into a plasma within the at least one nozzle.
  • the at least one nozzle according to the invention is not particularly limited in its design and the material, as far as it is able to withstand the reaction conditions in the generation of the plasma and the reaction of the reaction gas with the electropositive metal.
  • the nozzle can be designed suitably.
  • the at least one nozzle according to certain embodiments be removablebil ⁇ det as a single-fluid or two-fluid nozzle.
  • First feeding means for the electropositive metal can, for example, tubes or hoses, or else conveyor ⁇ ribbons, are used, which may be heated, which can be suitably determined, for example based on the physical state of the electro-posi tive ⁇ metal.
  • a further supply device for a gas can be attached to the first supply device for the electropositive metal, with which the supply of the electropositive metal can be regulated.
  • the second feed device for the reaction gas as a tube or hose, etc., which may or may be gege ⁇ heated, may be formed, with a suitable second feeder suitably on the basis of ⁇ to the gas, which may also be under pressure can, be ⁇ can be true. It is also possible to provide a plurality of first and / or second feed devices for electropositive metal and / or reaction gas.
  • the ignition device is not particularly limited insofar as it is capable of transferring the reaction gas into a plasma.
  • a suitable ignition device is, for example, a high voltage source having a voltage in the range of 4 to 100 kV, preferably 4 to 10 kV, which can be suitably attached to the nozzle.
  • the high voltage can be present with or without alternating electric field.
  • the frequency is not particularly limited and may be, for example, 0 Hz (DC), 15-25 kHz, 40 kHz, 400 kHz, 13.65 MHz, or any other frequency, for example in the microwave range, which also does not have to stay firmly on one frequency.
  • the injected energy depends according to certain execution ⁇ form from also from the RF field of the electricity generated. loading Therefore, currents in the range of 1 mA-10 A, particularly preferably in the range of 10 mA-1000 mA, are preferred.
  • the inventive device may further comprise a third feed device for an atomizing gas, which is designed to supply a cerium ⁇ stäubungsgas the at least one nozzle in accordance with certain From ⁇ EMBODIMENTS.
  • the third feeder gas supply means is not particularly limited and may be formed as a pipe or hose, etc., which may or may not be heated, and a suitable third feeder may suitably be pressurized based on the state of the gas can, be ⁇ can be true. Also, a plurality of third supply means for atomizing gas may be provided.
  • the first feed device for the electropositive metal and / or the second feed device for the reaction gas and / or the third feed device for the atomizing gas flow into the at least one nozzle.
  • At least the first Zuzhoueinrich ⁇ processing and the second feed lead in accordance with certain embodiments of the nozzle, for example, the destruction stäubungsgas also the electropositive metal can be fed earlier.
  • the feed devices are preferably designed coaxially with one another, but at least the first and second feed devices in order to achieve a good mixture of the electropositive metal and of the reaction gas and possibly of the atomizing gas.
  • the shape of the feeding means is not particularly limited and may be round, for example square, rectangular and / or in the cross-section of Zu2010einrich ⁇ obligations, and preferably the feeding off at least are formed in section with coaxial round cross section in the flow ⁇ direction.
  • the inventive device may further include a melting process direction or a crushing device for the electropositive metal which is formed so as to melt or electropositive metal before or in the first feeding means for the electro positive metal-to-zer ⁇ smaller.
  • the type of the melting device or the comminution device is not particularly limited in this case and may include, for example, heaters, burners, etc. or mills, crushers, etc., and be suitably provided.
  • the at least one nozzle is formed as a metal die or as a reaction gas nozzle or cerium ⁇ stäubungsgasdüse, wherein the first feed device for the electro positive metal flows into the metal nozzle and / or opens the second feed for the reaction gas in the reaction gas nozzle and / or the third Zuglassein ⁇ direction for the sputtering gas in the Zerstäubungsgasdüse opens.
  • the first feed device for the electropositive metal may then preferably be formed coaxially within the second supply means for the reaction gas and the second feed means for the reaction gas flow into the reaction gas nozzle corresponding to the at least one nozzle, wherein the first supply means guiding device for the electropositive metal is so out ⁇ forms is that the electropositive metal is supplied within the at least one nozzle.
  • Analogous arrangements can be made for the cases in which the at least one nozzle is a metal nozzle and the reaction gas is preferably coaxially fed in the second feeder within the first feeder for the electropositive metal or in the case of a Zerstäubungsgasdüse the supply of electropositive metal and reaction gas preferably coaxially within the third feed device for the atomizing gas vonstattenxx, in which case also the first and second to ⁇ guide means as above can be arranged within each other.
  • the third feed device preferably coaxially , can be arranged inside the first or second feed device, wherein the third feed device can then be arranged within the other two feed devices or between the two.
  • a high-voltage electrode having a voltage of for example 4 to 100 kV, preferably 4 to 10 kV be provided for generating a Plas ⁇ mas, which can be suitably attached.
  • the high voltage can be present here with or without electric change ⁇ field.
  • the frequency is not particularly limited and may for example be 0 Hz (DC), 15-25 kHz, 40 kHz, 400 kHz, 13.65 MHz or any other frequency, for example in the microwave range, which also not fixed must stay on one frequency.
  • DC 0 Hz
  • the injected energy also depends on the high frequency field of the generated current according to certain embodiments.
  • the ignition device may be formed as Hochnapsszündvoriques comprising a Hochnapssquel ⁇ le, for example, a high voltage generator, with a voltage in the range of 4 to 100 kV, which is connected to two electrodes
  • the first feed device for the electropositive Me ⁇ tall or electropositive metal itself and the second feed for the reaction gas or ii) the first feed device for the electropositive Me ⁇ tall or electropositive metal itself, and the third feed means for the atomizing gas, or iii) the second feed device for the reaction gas, and the third feed means for the atomizing gas are sorted ⁇ wells formed as an electrode, and
  • the shortest distance between the respective electrodes is formed within the at least one nozzle.
  • the electro-positive metal is formed as an electrode that, after being fed through the first supply device for the electropositive metal as a continuous metal body or as a dense cloud of metal particles in the at least one nozzle and the ignition device are formed by the at least one nozzle and the electropositive metal.
  • the first supply means for the electropositive metal is in this case arranged within the second feed ⁇ device for the reaction gas.
  • the first and / or the second and / or the third feed device may also contain bodies such as spin bodies or swirl disks for swirling or better spraying of the reaction gas or electropositive metal or sputtering gas in order to achieve better mixing.
  • bodies such as spin bodies or swirl disks for swirling or better spraying of the reaction gas or electropositive metal or sputtering gas in order to achieve better mixing.
  • This also makes it possible, for example, to achieve a stabilization of the plasma, in particular by turbulence in the second supply device for the reaction gas.
  • the device according to the invention can be provided in known process plants for the combustion of electropositive metals with reaction gases, as are known, for example, from DE 102013224709.5.
  • An exemplary basis for an inventive Vorrich ⁇ processing is a combination of a copessigmetalldüse with a gas plasma to ignite by means of the specific energy input into the gas required for the combustion reaction, the atomised liquid metal.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show two ways of constructing such a metal nozzle-plasma nozzle combination according to two exemplary embodiments.
  • the illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 exemplary structure be ⁇ is in principle of a plasma / reaction gas nozzle 5 as a reaction gas nozzle for Plasmatmaschine of the reaction gas 1 and a nozzle 6 for atomizing of an exemplary liquid or atomized electropositive metal 2, for example Li or Mg, as a metal die, which in these cases coincide tig represents the counter electrode for the HV discharge of the plasma nozzle.
  • the sputtering of the electropositive metal can be done in other ways, or there will be no atomization at first.
  • an inverse construction according to a third exemplary embodiment is also conceivable, in which the plasma nozzle 5 lies on the inside and the metal nozzle 6 on the outside.
  • the high-voltage discharge for generating the plasma can here for example by a additional lying in the plasma nozzle 5 Hochnapsselekt ⁇ rode 12 are generated.
  • FIG 4 shows schematically in detail the high-voltage discharge in a fourth exemplary embodiment, which largely corresponds to the second exemplary embodiment, but with no nozzle swirler 11 being present.
  • the high-voltage discharge (HV discharge) 13 between the plasma nozzle 5 and the metal nozzle 6 is shown in detail schematically, with the shortest distance between the two nozzles was set specifically.
  • the actual local point of the high-voltage discharge and thus the point or region of the plasmaization of the reaction gas can namely, for example, over the distance of the
  • a fifth exemplary embodiment with a specially ⁇ len nozzle design is shown in Figure 5 shown
  • the electropositive metal is exemplified as a liquid complicatge ⁇ represents that has a sufficient cohesion within the reaction gas, which in a suitable manner by selection of the electropositive metal, its temperature, etc., as well as the reaction gas, the flow behavior and -. overall speed, etc., of the nozzle assembly, etc. It thus forms when leaving the metal nozzle 6, a liquid metal jet 14.
  • the liquid metal jet 14 can then due to the electrical conductivity of the liquid metal in the interior of the plasma nozzle 5 ge as an electrode ⁇ uses The high voltage discharges thus directly between the medium to be incinerated, the electropositive me- This is unique for the liquid metal combustion, since other fuels such as oil, Ben ⁇ zin, coal dust, etc. have almost no electrical conductivity.
  • a sixth exemplary embodiment is ge shows ⁇ in FIG. 6
  • This can be realized by examples play a swirl disk 15 which is seated in the second feeder 10 for the reaction gas and deflects the gas flow accordingly, as in Fig. 6 represents Darge ⁇ is.
  • the exemplary nozzle has with respect to the Zugarein ⁇ directions or nozzle outlets diameter dl of 0.5 mm, d2 of 2 mm and d3 of 3.5 mm.
  • the ignition of the plasma he ⁇ follows via a high voltage generator as a high voltage source with an applied voltage U H v of 14 kV.
  • About high voltage insulators 17 ignition at the gas inlet to the nozzle can be prevented within the feeders.
  • the electropositive metal such as Li can in this case, for example, with a flow velocity of
  • reaction gas for example, with a flow rate of
  • the high voltage can be easily turned off, for example, and the metal flame 4 burns self-sustaining. He ⁇ extinguished the metal flame 4, it can be ignited again at any time by the high voltage.
  • the present invention describes a method and a device for effectively igniting and reacting an electropositive metal with a reaction gas, and in particular a nozzle for metal burners, for example liquid metal burners, with integrated plasma ignition device.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de combustion d'un gaz de réaction au moyen d'un métal électropositif. Le métal électropositif est choisi parmi les métaux alcalins, les métaux alcalinoterreux, l'aluminium et le zinc, ainsi que les mélanges et/ou alliages de ceux-ci. Avant et/ou pendant la combustion, le gaz de réaction est transformé en un plasma au moins temporairement, par exemple uniquement à des fins d'allumage du gaz de réaction. L'invention concerne également un dispositif destiné à exécuter le procédé.
EP15766781.7A 2014-09-24 2015-09-16 Allumage de flammes d'un métal électropositif par plasmatisation du gaz de réaction Withdrawn EP3178300A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102014219275.7A DE102014219275A1 (de) 2014-09-24 2014-09-24 Zündung von Flammen eines elektropositiven Metalls durch Plasmatisierung des Reaktionsgases
PCT/EP2015/071154 WO2016046029A1 (fr) 2014-09-24 2015-09-16 Allumage de flammes d'un métal électropositif par plasmatisation du gaz de réaction

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EP3178300A1 true EP3178300A1 (fr) 2017-06-14

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US (1) US10111314B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3178300A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN106717129A (fr)
DE (1) DE102014219275A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2670600C9 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016046029A1 (fr)

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RU2670600C1 (ru) 2018-10-24
RU2670600C9 (ru) 2018-11-22
US20170311432A1 (en) 2017-10-26
CN106717129A (zh) 2017-05-24
WO2016046029A1 (fr) 2016-03-31
US10111314B2 (en) 2018-10-23
DE102014219275A1 (de) 2016-03-24

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