Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
  • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
  • H02K1/148—Sectional cores
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
  • H02K1/187—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures to inner stators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
  • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
  • H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
  • H02K1/2789—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
  • H02K1/2791—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the general technical field of electric motors and more generally synchronous machines comprising means for generating a magnetic induction.
• the present invention relates more particularly to an electric machine, for example a synchronous machine with sinusoidal or other electromotive force, fed by a polyphase alternating voltage.
• the invention will be described hereinafter more particularly, but not exclusively, with means for generating a magnetic induction constituted by an exemplary embodiment of permanent magnets.
• the electric machine is for example a wheel motor.
• An electric machine with permanent magnets is generally constituted by a wound stator and a rotor carrying the permanent magnets and extending around said stator. Such an electric machine is powered and driven via a power electronics.
• An electric machine with permanent magnets and sinusoidal electromotive force can be controlled with a vector control system.
• This type of control known as such, provides high performance, namely high accuracy and high torque dynamics. These performances are necessary, especially for traction motors.
• Electric machines are also known whose stator, including the stator teeth, is made with a joined assembly of sheets. Such a stator, once assembled, requires precise positioning to perform the winding of each tooth. These winding operations are difficult to implement and take a long time. In addition, the replacement of a defective winding of a tooth faces the same difficulties.
• stator teeth mounted radially on a stator yoke have at their end in contact with the stator yoke, a relatively thick base for channeling the magnetic field lines. These bases must all be in contact in order to avoid passing the magnetic field lines in the air.
• the dimensional tolerances observed on the stator teeth make such contact between the bases very random. This problem is all the more important as the number of stator teeth mounted on the stator yoke is high. This may attenuate the magnetic field lines and therefore affect the performance of these synchronous machines. Disclosure of the invention
• the object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above and to provide stator teeth to improve the performance of the electrical machine in which they are integrated.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a stator tooth for greatly simplifying the manufacture and assembly of a stator.
• Another object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above and to provide an optimized stator to improve the performance of the electrical machine in which it is integrated.
• Another object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above and to provide an electric machine, constituting for example a wheel motor, which is dimensionally optimized and in terms of its performance.
• stator tooth for an electric machine and intended to carry a winding of an electric wire
• said stator tooth comprising a central part formed with a joined assembly of metal sheets. pre-cut magnetic strips, said pre-cut magnetic sheets being secured to each other, characterized in that the central portion is sandwiched between two longitudinal end portions which are secured to the central portion and each traversed by a radial fixing bolt, said parts of longitudinal end having a rounded outer shape to form, at the ends of the stator tooth, a continuous contact surface for the electrical son or son (s) wound (s) on said stator tooth.
• the electrical wire (s) has a rectangular cross section.
• the longitudinal end portions are metallic.
• an electric machine stator comprising a cylindrical stator yoke magnetic material, on which are fixed radially and directly stator teeth as presented above.
• the stator yoke integrates a cooling circuit.
• the stator yoke comprises a central portion constituting a radiator, an inlet and outlet collector for the cooling fluid mounted in an axial direction on one end of the central portion and a return collector for the fluid. cooling mounted in an axial direction on the other end of the central portion, the inlet and outlet manifold being connected to the cooling circuit.
• the statoric yoke comprises an internal cylindrical portion and an outer cylindrical portion extending around said internal cylindrical portion delimiting between said cylindrical portions a helical cooling circuit in the form of double-pitch helix constituting a radiator, the statoric yoke also comprising an inlet and outlet collector of the cooling fluid mounted in an axial direction on one end of the cylindrical portions and in fluid communication with the double pitch propeller, the collector of input and output ensuring the input and output of the cooling fluid being connected to the cooling circuit.
• the electric wires wound on the stator teeth comprise connection ends extending in the axial direction of said stator and connected according to a given connection diagram between phases, by the intermediate of a connecting disc axially mounted on said connection ends.
• the electric wires wound on the stator teeth comprise connection ends extending in the axial direction of said stator are bent and / or folded to be connected to each other by brazing according to a given scheme of connection between phases.
• the electric wires wound on the stator teeth comprise connection ends extending in the axial direction of said stator and connected according to a given phase-to-phase connection diagram, via of an insert and brazed on connection ends.
• Such an insert is for example made of an individual electrical wire element for connecting two longitudinal ends.
• the rotor consists of a magnetic sheet on which permanent magnets are directly attached.
• the permanent magnets are fixed to the magnetic sheet by gluing or by any other mechanical retaining means.
• a wheel motor characterized in that it comprises an electric machine as presented above, the rotor comprising a hub mounted free to rotate through bearing on a fixed rocket, said rotor constituting a rim having an outer face on which is mounted a tire and an inner face on which are fixed permanent magnets, the stator being intended to be integral with a fixed frame.
• the electric machine according to the invention advantageously constitutes a wheel motor of a rail or road vehicle.
• the removable stator tooth according to the invention has the advantage of reducing its bulk due to the use of coiled electrical wires having a rectangular cross section.
• the load factor of the space occupied by the electric wires thus passes to 50%, whereas it is about 40%> for the coils with electrical wires of circular cross section.
• the electric wire is wound on the stator tooth according to the invention, prior to its mounting on a stator yoke, thus greatly facilitating the winding and assembly operations.
• stator tooth Since each stator tooth is removable, it facilitates maintenance operations. The stator teeth can thus be replaced individually. Electrical machines often include detection means that identify the stator tooth carrying the defective winding. The replacement of a stator tooth can therefore be undertaken in such a way as to reduce as much as possible the maintenance costs and the downtime of the electric machine.
• the stator tooth according to the invention also has the advantage, thanks to the rounded end portions, of increasing the area of contact with the wound electric wire and consequently of improving the heat dissipation.
• the use of a metal, for example copper, to make the parts Longitudinal end also contributes to better heat dissipation, particularly at the longitudinal ends of the stator teeth where the loops of the electric wire are located. This has a favorable effect on the efficiency and life of an electric machine.
• the stator according to the invention comprising a stator yoke made of a magnetic material, has the advantage of closing directly the magnetic field lines created by the coils.
• the stator teeth can thus be mounted directly, that is to say without intermediate magnetic part, on a stator yoke.
• the stator according to the invention therefore has the enormous advantage of avoiding a contact between the bases of the stator teeth.
• the stator teeth are bolted to the stator yoke in a radial direction thus ensuring excellent radial clamping and good contact with said cylinder head.
• the risk that the magnetic field lines must pass through a layer of air, thus generating their attenuation, is therefore greatly reduced or almost zero.
• Radial clamping ensures better contact with the stator yoke than the resulting random contact between two juxtaposed bases. This results in better performance.
• the motor-wheel according to the invention has the advantage of generating a gain of space insofar as the permanent magnets are fixed directly on the rim and not on an intermediate piece integral with said rim. This gives a larger diameter on which the permanent magnets are positioned. The number of permanent magnets can then be higher, thus improving the performance of the motor-wheel.
• FIG. 1 represents in section, an exemplary embodiment of a motor-wheel incorporating a stator according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is an exploded and perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of part of a stator, called cylinder head stator, according to the invention
• FIG. 3 is a view in section and in perspective of the stator portion of FIG. 2,
• FIG. 4 is an exploded and perspective view of another embodiment of a part of a stator according to the invention.
• FIG. 5 is a partially exploded view in perspective of an exemplary embodiment of a stator tooth according to the invention.
• FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view of stator teeth according to the invention, mounted on a stator yoke,
• FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view along the line VII-VII of FIG. 5 of a stator tooth according to the invention, provided with an electric winding
• FIGS. 7a and 7b are views. schematic, transverse and in section along the line VII-VII of Figure 5, other embodiments of the stator tooth according to the invention, provided with an electric winding
• Figure 8 and 8a schematically illustrate the arrangement between stator teeth and the stator yoke, of a stator according to the invention, by visualizing the magnetic field lines
• FIG. 9 is an exploded and perspective view of another embodiment of a tooth of stator according to the invention, with the winding and the insulation
• FIG. 10 is a partial view, in section along the X-X plane, of a longitudinal end of a stator tooth of FIG.
• Figure 11 illustrates the relative arrangement of the stator teeth on a stator according to the invention and electrical connection means relating thereto.
• FIG. 1 represents in section, an exemplary embodiment of an electric machine according to the invention, constituting a motor-wheel integrating a stator according to the invention and stator teeth according to the invention.
• the electric machine comprises a rotor 1, rotatably mounted on a fixed rocket 2, for example secured to a frame.
• the rotary connection between rocket 2 and the rotor 1 is provided by any known means, in particular by means of a bearing system 3.
• the rotor 1 is provided on an inner face 4a with permanent magnets 5.
• the rotor 1 may constitute a rim having an outer face 4b for mounting a tire.
• the electric machine also comprises a stator 6 having a substantially cylindrical stator yoke 7 to which stator teeth 8 are attached and fixed.
• the stator 6 is advantageously immobilized on the fixed frame by means of immobilizing bolts, not shown. .
• stator teeth 8 are removable and provided with a winding of electrical wires 10, shown for example in section in Figure 1.
• the stator teeth 8 are mounted radially on the stator yoke 7 and fixed thereto via radial fixing bolts passing through said stator teeth 8 and engaged in a radial direction in said stator yoke 7.
• FIG. 2 is an exploded and perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a portion of the stator 6 according to the invention and more specifically of the statoric yoke 7.
• the latter comprises a central portion 7a of substantially cylindrical shape , whose wall thickness is sufficient to machine longitudinal channels 12 for the circulation of a cooling fluid.
• This central portion 7a thus constitutes a radiator transferring thermal energy to the cooling fluid circulating in the channels 12.
• the stator yoke 7 also comprises an inlet and outlet manifold 13 and a return manifold 14, respectively fixed on the axial edges of the central portion 7a, for example by screwing.
• axial bores 14a are machined in the return manifold 14 for mounting on the central portion 7a.
• FIG. 3 is a view in section and in perspective of the part of the stator 6 illustrated in FIG.
• the inlet and outlet manifold 13 advantageously comprises an inlet orifice 15 opening onto an inlet peripheral groove 16 which is delimited by an internal face of the inlet and outlet manifold 13 and by a substantially transverse extension 17 extending from the wall of the central portion 7a to the hub 2. Radial grooves 18 machined in the transverse extension 17 put in communication the peripheral input groove 16 with some 12a of the channels 12.
• the inlet and outlet manifold 13 also has an outlet opening opening on a peripheral outlet groove 20 which is delimited by another internal face of the inlet and outlet manifold 13 and by a contact wall 21 intended to bear against the axial edge of the central portion 7a, on which the channels 12 open.
• the contact wall 21 is provided with of holes 22, judiciously distributed, to put into fluid communication some 12b of the channels 12 and the output peripheral groove 20.
• the axial end edge of the central portion 7a and the inlet and outlet manifold 13 and forms The output peripheral groove 20 is machined in the inlet and outlet manifold 13.
• the return manifold 14 has in an area facing the axial edge of the central portion 7a on which opens the channels 12, a succession of grooves 14b each for putting in fluid communication a channel 12a and two adjacent channels 12b.
• the channel 12a has as such a diameter twice that of the adjacent channels 12b. Referring for example to Figure 3, it is clear that the coolant thus passes through the central portion 7a in a direction A passing through a channel 12a, then crosses the central portion 7a, in the opposite direction R borrowing two 12b channels adjacent to the channel 12a and located on either side of said channel 12a.
• the cooling circuit is of course associated with a liquid reservoir and a pump to operate in a known manner.
• the central portion 7a and the return manifold 14 advantageously comprise tapped radial holes 23, intended for the engagement of the radial fastening bolts.
• the stator yoke 7 comprises an internal cylindrical portion 7b and an outer cylindrical portion 7c coaxial, extending around said internal cylindrical portion 7b delimiting between said cylindrical portions a cooling circuit helical, thus constituting a radiator.
• the helical cooling circuit is advantageously formed in the inner face of the outer cylindrical portion 7c in the form of a helical groove 7d.
• the stator yoke 7 also comprises the inlet and outlet manifold 13a of the cooling fluid mounted in an axial direction on one end of the cylindrical portions 7b, 7c.
• the helical cooling circuit, more precisely the helical groove 7d, is advantageously made to constitute a double pitch helix, also ensuring the return for the cooling fluid.
• the inlet and outlet manifold 13a is connected to the cooling circuit and ensures the inlet and the outlet of the cooling fluid in the helical portion of the cooling circuit.
• the cooling fluid circulates in one direction by taking the first step of the double pitch propeller and returns in the opposite direction by borrowing the second pitch of the double pitch propeller.
• FIG. 5 is a partially exploded view in perspective of a tooth of a stator 8 according to the invention disposed opposite the stator yoke 7.
• the stator tooth 8 is shown without electrical winding.
• the stator tooth 8 comprises a central portion 24 formed with a joined assembly of pre-cut magnetic sheets 24a and secured to each other for example by welding, gluing, plastic injection or stapling.
• the central portion 24 is sandwiched between two longitudinal end portions 25.
• the latter are secured to the central portion 24 by welding and have a passage or a bore for the engagement of radial fastening bolts which fix the stator tooth 8 on the stator yoke 7 in a radial direction.
• the longitudinal end portions 25 have a rounded outer shape 25a to provide a bearing surface and continuous contact for the wire 10 wound on the stator tooth 8.
• This innovative construction improves the performance of an electric machine to the extent that these performances are related to the temperature. A decrease in the operating temperature increases the performance of the electric machine as well as its service life. Indeed, the lower the operating temperature, the less insulating materials are solicited.
• FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view of stator teeth 8 according to the invention and mounted on a stator yoke 7.
• the stator teeth 8 are not all represented and are devoid of electrical wires 10 for the sake of simplification of the presentation.
• FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view along the line VII-VII of a tooth of a stator 8 of FIG. 5, provided with a winding of electrical wires 10. Only part of the windings of the electrical wire 10 is represented.
• the electric wire 10 advantageously has a rectangular cross section.
• Pre-cut magnetic sheets 24a advantageously have an upstanding end 24b and a low end 24c flared between which extend the windings of the electrical wire 10.
• the high ends 24b and low 24c advantageously have a notch 26 to receive the weld.
• the longitudinal end portions 25 preferably have on their side intended to grip the central portion 24, a shape identical to that of the precut magnetic sheets 24a, thus facilitating the assembly of the stator tooth 8.
• the lower ends 24c are not flared but straight.
• the stator tooth 8 is free of foot. This form is advantageous in that it allows the winding 10 on a template, and then to engage longitudinally said coil 10 on the central portion 24 and by the lower end 24c.
• the upper end 24b for example an assembly of sheets, is attached and fixed by any known means to the upper end 24d of the central portion 24.
• the upper end 24b in the form of a cap, is for example secured to the central part by means of a not shown strap.
• the electrical wires 10 wound on the stator teeth 8 comprise connection ends extending in the axial direction of the stator 6 and connected to each other according to a given phase-to-phase connection diagram, via an annular disk of FIG. connection.
• the latter known as such, is mounted axially on the connection ends of the electrical wires 10.
• FIGS 8 and 8a schematically illustrate the arrangement between the removable stator teeth 8 and the stator yoke 7 of a stator 6 according to the invention. These figures also schematically illustrate the magnetic field lines B passing through the wall thickness of the stator yoke 7. The heat exchange between the stator tooth 8 and the stator yoke 7 is improved for example by placing a grease between these two elements before assembly.
• the pre-cut magnetic sheets 24a and the longitudinal end portions 25 are secured by means of a hooping tape 27, also called polyglass tape (trade name).
• An electrical insulating structure 28 is then mounted on the stator tooth 8, thus covering the pre-cut magnetic sheets 24a and the hooping tape 27, prior to the winding of the electrical wire 10.
• the electrical insulating structure 28 has on its longitudinal sides a longitudinal channel shape 29, closed once the electric wire 10 wound on the electrical insulating structure 28.
• radial fixing and clamping bolts 11, intended to pass through the longitudinal end portions 25 are also illustrated in FIG. 9.
• the ends 10a of the electrical wire 10 project from the troughs 29 in a longitudinal direction.
• FIG. 10 is a partial view, in section along the plane XX, of a longitudinal end of a stator tooth 8 of FIG. 1. This section also corresponds to an identical section of the stator tooth 8 of FIG. 9 once assembled.
• FIG. 11 schematically illustrates the arrangement and the relative positioning of the stator teeth 8 in the absence of the stator yoke 7.
• the longitudinal and axial extension of the ends 10a of the electrical wires 10 allows the use and the mounting in one direction axial axis of a connection disc 30.
• the connection disk 30 advantageously comprises connection pads 31 on which the ends 10a of the electric wires 10 will be welded.
• the longitudinal ends 10a of the electrical wires 10 are simply bent and / or folded before being brazed together to make the interconnections of the different phases.
• a synchronous electric machine with permanent magnets 5, for example a sinusoidal electromotive force, according to the invention, advantageously constitutes a motor-wheel.
• the latter can equip a road or rail vehicle.
• the innovative design of the motor-wheel according to the invention thus reduces its size and free space in said wheel. This space can then be used to house a traction inverter.
• the electric machine according to the invention can also be used as a winch motor or as an elevator motor.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
• Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=52465441

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Families Citing this family (3)

Family Cites Families (11)

• 2014
  • 2014-07-28 FR FR1457304A patent/FR3024300B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2015
  • 2015-07-24 WO PCT/FR2015/052056 patent/WO2016016558A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2015-07-24 BR BR112017001545A patent/BR112017001545A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2015-07-24 KR KR1020177005407A patent/KR20170039240A/ko unknown
  • 2015-07-24 EP EP15745540.3A patent/EP3175534A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2015-07-24 CA CA2956503A patent/CA2956503A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-07-24 AU AU2015295145A patent/AU2015295145B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2015-07-24 MX MX2017001137A patent/MX363633B/es unknown
  • 2015-07-24 CN CN201580041490.2A patent/CN106575889B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2015-07-24 US US15/329,415 patent/US10284031B2/en active Active

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