EP3175466B1 - Elektrischer schalter, insbesondere für hohe spannungen und/oder hohe ströme - Google Patents

Elektrischer schalter, insbesondere für hohe spannungen und/oder hohe ströme Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3175466B1
EP3175466B1 EP15754106.1A EP15754106A EP3175466B1 EP 3175466 B1 EP3175466 B1 EP 3175466B1 EP 15754106 A EP15754106 A EP 15754106A EP 3175466 B1 EP3175466 B1 EP 3175466B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching member
contact
drive
switching
brake
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Active
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EP15754106.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3175466A2 (de
Inventor
Peter Lell
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to SI201531030T priority Critical patent/SI3175466T1/sl
Publication of EP3175466A2 publication Critical patent/EP3175466A2/de
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Publication of EP3175466B1 publication Critical patent/EP3175466B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/222—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/54—Mechanisms for coupling or uncoupling operating parts, driving mechanisms, or contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H01H1/365—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switch, in particular for high voltages and / or high currents, having the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • electrical switches For switching high voltages and possibly additionally high currents electrical switches are used in which a switching member is linearly moved from a starting position to an end position to trigger the desired switching operation, for example, two electrically isolated in the starting position terminal contacts of a contact unit in to connect the end position of the switching element.
  • a switch for bridging submodules of an inverter is known in which is dispensed with a vacuum interrupter.
  • the pyrotechnic drive unit here comprises electrically conductive outer walls, within which a telescopically displaceable sliding element is arranged.
  • the displacement element When igniting a pyrotechnic propellant charge the displacement element is acted upon at the rear side with the gas pressure which is generated by the propellant charge, and moves while maintaining the gas pressure to a fixed contact.
  • the previously interrupted contact between the electrical outer wall of the drive and the fixed contact is thereby closed, wherein the electrical connection via the outer wall of the drive, which thus also in the end position electrically connected displacement element and the fixed contact extends.
  • an electrical breaker device for disconnecting a circuit which comprises a base part, which includes a gas-generating drive, and a plug part received in the starting position in the base part.
  • the current flow in the circuit to be separated runs over the plug part and the base part.
  • the plug part is moved out of the base part by means of a piston driven by the gas pressure, whereby the circuit is separated.
  • the piston remains in an end position within the base part.
  • this breaker device only allows the disconnection of a circuit.
  • the plug part After the piston of the drive has reached its end position, the plug part continues to move as a result of the kinetic energy present at this time and undergoes a free movement phase, while the electrical contact between the plug part and the base part is separated.
  • the base part In the embodiments according to the Fig. 2 to 10 (A and B respectively), the base part is already acted upon in the initial position of a piston and the admission is during the acceleration phase (after the activation of the drive) until reaching an end position of the plug part, in which no electrical contact between the plug part and the Socket part is given, maintained. In the end position, the plug part remains mechanically connected to the base part. The separation of the plug part from the socket part is not performed and thus undefined.
  • the DE 197 12 387 A1 discloses a pyrotechnic electrical circuit switching element provided with (i) at least one current conductor having two spaced-apart conductor portions, and (ii) at least one bridging element movable due to ignition of a pyrotechnic charge, in an initial position Ignition of the pyrotechnic charge of at least one of the two conductor sections separated is disposed and is in a bridging position after ignition of the pyrotechnic charge in electrical contact with both current conductor sections.
  • the present invention seeks to provide an electrical switch, in particular for high voltages and / or high currents, which has larger switching paths and in terms of the number of contacts and the type of switching operations - opening or closing Switching operations variable can be configured.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that the switching element can be accelerated directly or indirectly by the drive during an acceleration phase and then passes through a free movement phase until reaching the end position. This results in greater degrees of freedom in the design of the switch, in particular, larger switching paths and isolation distances can be realized.
  • the switching element and the contacts allow for a suitable design and the virtually simultaneous opening and / or closing of several contacts.
  • the driving forces are not transmitted directly to the switching member during the acceleration phase, but indirectly via a pulse transmission element.
  • the pulse transmission element directly coupled to the drive is first accelerated to a predetermined kinetic energy or a predetermined pulse and then decoupled from the drive.
  • the momentum transfer element can then undergo a free movement phase before it hits a projectile on the switching element and transmits at least a substantial part of its pulse to the switching element.
  • the switching element is thereby accelerated to a specific kinetic energy or a particular pulse, which is or is chosen so that there is a sufficient switching speed.
  • the actual drive is always decoupled from the switching element and only accelerates the momentum transfer element.
  • the drive can therefore be positioned further away from the switching element.
  • the drive in this case does not have to be arranged at the high potential as well, but may be at a lower or even zero potential.
  • the switching element is accelerated in these embodiments by impulse transmission to a desired kinetic energy or a desired pulse, which is sufficient to realize the required switching time.
  • the drive may preferably be designed as a pyrotechnic drive, in which a gas-generating material is activated activated.
  • a gas-generating material is activated activated.
  • substances can be used, which simply disintegrate when activated in gas, such as tetracene, and detonative substances are here in principle possible if particularly fast processes are desired or required.
  • tetracene a gas-generating material
  • detonative substances are here in principle possible if particularly fast processes are desired or required.
  • detonatively converting material will usually come into question for safety reasons in the production of the drive or its handling only in exceptional cases.
  • the required very short switching times can also be implemented with non-detonative, i. reach deflagrating materials.
  • Typically achievable switching times are between 0.5 to 2 ms, with geometrically very large switches between 2 ms and 20 ms, the speed of the switching element or the pulse transmission mass here is between 20 m / sec and 1000 m / sec.
  • the drive can also be realized in any other suitable manner, in particular also as an electrodynamic drive, in which a "magnetic field pulse" is generated by means of a coil which is subjected to a short current impulse, which generates eddy currents in a metallic, non-magnetic drive element. which in turn generate a magnetic field directed against the driving magnetic field, which leads to a repulsion of the drive element.
  • a magnetic field pulse is generated by means of a coil which is subjected to a short current impulse, which generates eddy currents in a metallic, non-magnetic drive element. which in turn generate a magnetic field directed against the driving magnetic field, which leads to a repulsion of the drive element.
  • the drive may be independent of the acceleration mechanism, e.g. an acceleration by forces, which are generated in an electrodynamic or pyrotechnic manner, be formed as a unit.
  • the drive has a drive element which transmits the accelerating forces directly or indirectly to the switching element.
  • the drive is designed in this case so that the drive element remains in the drive even after the triggering of the drive.
  • the drive element does not project out of the housing of the drive during or after the triggering of the drive. This results in additional security during assembly or handling of the drive unit, in particular in the case of an accidental release.
  • the pulse transmission element itself as a drive element, which is acted upon by the driving forces.
  • the drive accelerates a pulse transmission element upon initiation of a switching operation by activating the drive in the direction of the switching element, wherein the pulse transmission element is then decoupled from the drive, so that the pulse transmission element with a predetermined pulse passes through a free-flying phase and at least one such part the pulse to the switching member transmits that the switching member is moved from the home position to the end position.
  • a corresponding mechanical coupling for example via a press fit, can be used between the momentum transfer element and a drive element.
  • a one-piece design of pulse transmission element and drive element with a predetermined breaking point between the two parts is possible.
  • the pulse transmission element and the switching element can be designed such that the pulse transmission element connects when hitting the switching element with this, in particular welded, and is moved together with the switching element from the starting position to the end position.
  • the momentum resulting from the entire unit of contactor and momentum transfer element may, after the acceleration phase, be in the fully inelastic shock relationship be determined.
  • the switching element seen in its direction of movement, consist of at least one contact part of an electrically conductive material and at least one insulator part of an electrically insulating material, for example, seen in the direction of movement, front contact part and a rear insulator part.
  • the contact unit and the switching member may be formed so that the switching member is held in the end position with the at least one insulator part in such a contact of the contact unit that a minimum required isolation distance between the contact part and the contact is given.
  • the at least one insulator part can also form the rear end of the switching element viewed in the direction of movement.
  • the insulator part serves to securely hold the switching element in its rear area in the contact unit or to fix.
  • the switching element may have a stop region, which is preferably provided on the front end of the switching element viewed in the direction of movement and is designed such that the switching element is braked at the end of the free movement phase until reaching the end position. Area cooperates with a separate stationary brake element of the contact unit or designed as a brake element brake contact of the contact unit.
  • the stop area can cooperate with a breakthrough provided in the brake element or in the brake contact, which is provided coaxially in the brake element or in the brake contact with respect to the direction of movement and the longitudinal axis of the shift element, wherein the stop area at least during a stop phase until reaching the end position in the breakthrough intervenes.
  • the stop region can have a radial stop flange or one or more stop projections extending radially outwards, which cooperate with a wall surrounding the aperture in the brake element or in the brake contact for limiting the axial movement of the switching element in the free movement phase.
  • a radial stop flange or one or more stop projections extending radially outwards, which cooperate with a wall surrounding the aperture in the brake element or in the brake contact for limiting the axial movement of the switching element in the free movement phase.
  • the stop portion may have a tapered towards the front end of the switching member portion which cooperates with the inner wall of the opening in the brake element or in brake contact for braking the axial movement of the switching member in the free movement phase, also the inner wall of the aperture, based on the longitudinal axis and the direction of movement of the switching member, is conically tapered, wherein the cone angle of the inner wall of the aperture is preferably equal to or greater, ie is more tapered, is formed as the cone angle of the tapered portion of the switching element. This results in a less severe deceleration braking of the switching member than in the case of a stop.
  • the stop area may have in its circumference and / or the opening in its inner wall structuring, which is formed so that when an intervention of the stop area in the opening in the switching movement of the switching element results in a material flow, preferably for welding of the stop area with the contact.
  • the stop region may in particular have axially extending grooves or axially extending and radially outwardly extending projections, the axially extending outer surfaces of which are each located on an imaginary cone which tapers in the direction of the front end of the switching element.
  • the inner wall of the aperture may have axially extending grooves or axially extending and radially inwardly extending projections, the axially extending inner surfaces of which are each on an imaginary cone which tapers in the direction of movement of the switching member the geometry of the stop region and of the opening and the material of at least the projections is such that a material flow results when the switching element is being decelerated.
  • an axially displaceable, preferably slotted ring may be provided in the stop area, which is formed and so cooperates with the breakthrough in the brake element or brake contact that during the stop phase with progressive axial movement of the switching element or the Contact part results in an increasing radial contact pressure between the inner wall of the aperture and the outer wall of the switching member or contact part in the stop region, whereby an axial braking effect is generated until reaching the end position.
  • the stop area and the breakthrough can be formed with respect to the geometry and the materials so and be tuned to the kinetic energy of the braking element to be braked, that at braking of the switching member welding at least a portion of the stop area with the brake element or the brake contact results. This results in a permanent and secure mechanical and electrical contact between the switching element and the brake element or the contact acting as a brake element.
  • Such structures in the stop area and / or in the breakdown of a brake contact can also be used independently of other features that relate to the drive or the rest of the switching element (also in terms of their functionality), to provide a switch, the safe closing of an electrical contact causes.
  • the connection of such a brake contact with another contact, in whose breakthrough for the switching element a multi-contact (see below) is used leads to a switch that ensures excellent and long-term stable electrical contact.
  • a switch with this key feature of using such structures in the stop region and / or in the breakdown of a brake contact may also have further features which are described above or below in connection with the various embodiments.
  • the switching element can pass through one or more contacts in a breakthrough in the starting position and in the end position, wherein for the production of an electrical contact on the inner wall of each opening a plurality of distributed over the inner circumference, resiliently formed contact elements are provided, which act on the outer periphery of the switching member .
  • resiliently formed contact elements which act on the outer periphery of the switching member .
  • These usually comprise resilient contact elements inserted in grooves. The grooves usually extend in the axial direction in the inner wall of a breakthrough, which passes through the switching element in the contact position.
  • Such a multi-contact element may be formed as an annular insert part, which is inserted into a corresponding opening in the respective contact of the contact unit such that there is a minimal electrical contact resistance between the contact and the annular insert part and the insert part or the multi-contact fixed in Contact is held.
  • Such multi-contact connections allow extremely low contact resistance, are contact-proof and long-term stable.
  • a switch with this core feature also have other features that are described above or below in connection with the various embodiments.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an electric switch 1, the two contacts 3, 5, a brake element 7, a switching element 9 and a drive 11 for the switching element 9, which is formed in this embodiment as a pyrotechnic drive 11.
  • the individual components of the electrical switch 1 are connected via connecting elements 13, so that in each case a predetermined distance is maintained between the individual components.
  • any number of connecting elements 13 may be provided.
  • the respective position is variable, as long as the functionality of the connecting elements 13 is ensured.
  • the in Fig. 1 illustrated pyrotechnic drive 1 has a drive element 15, which acts on the rear end of the rod-shaped switching member 9.
  • the rear end of the switching member 9 has an axial connecting pin 17 which engages in a corresponding blind recess in the front side of the drive element acting as a piston 15. This connection serves the switching element in the Fig. 1 to fix shown starting position of the electric switch 1, to prevent inadvertent displacement of the switching element 9.
  • the drive element 15 of the drive 11 is arranged displaceably in a housing 19 in the axial direction of the switching element 9.
  • Fig. 1a shows the drive element 15 in its initial position. In this position, the drive element 11 in turn is connected via a holding means 21 to the housing 19 or a part of the drive 11 fixedly connected thereto.
  • the holding means 21 is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a pin-shaped element which is received in an axial recess in the rear end face of the drive element 15 and a recess in the front side of a fixedly connected to the housing part 23.
  • the reception of the pin-shaped holding means 21 is such that the holding means 21 releases the drive element 15 only when a certain minimum axial release force acts on the drive element 15 in the direction of the switching member 9.
  • the pin-shaped holding means 21 can be pressed into the two recesses, screwed or glued.
  • the holding means 21 Upon reaching the release force, the holding means 21 is torn out of one of the two recesses.
  • the holding means 21 may also be designed so that it has a predetermined breaking point, for example centrally between the drive element 15 and the housing part 23. In this case, the predetermined breaking point and the attachment of the holding means 21 in the two receiving recesses is carried out so that upon reaching the release force, the holding means 21 ruptures at its predetermined breaking point and the drive element 15 releases.
  • a desired confinement ensures that the movement of the drive element 15 and thus of the switching element 9 only begins when a certain minimum force, namely the release force for releasing the holding means 21 is reached.
  • the holding means 21 may be realized in any other suitable manner, for example by a crimp connection between the drive member and the housing 19 or the housing part 23, or by a radially in the starting position of the drive member 15 in this engaging shear pin, the only on reaching the release force is sheared off. A locking of the drive element 15 in the housing is possible.
  • the drive 11 comprises a triggering device 25, which may be formed in particular electrically controlled.
  • the triggering device 25 serves to activate a pyrotechnic material, which is accommodated in a receiving space 27 which is formed as an annular groove in the rear end face of the drive element 15.
  • the receiving space 27 may also or additionally be formed in the part 23 of the housing 19.
  • Fig. 1 how out Fig. 1 can be seen, the drive element 15 at its rear, the housing part 23 facing the end of a circumferential sealing edge 29 in order to ensure sufficient sealing of the receiving space 27 relative to the housing 19.
  • the drive 11 is triggered by a corresponding activation of the triggering device 25, a gas pressure is generated by the preferably deflagratingly converting material of the pyrotechnic charge in the receiving space, which initially rises rapidly as a result of the damming that is achieved by the holding means 21.
  • the holding means 21 releases the drive element 15.
  • the drive element which is coupled to the switching member 9 via the axial connecting pin 17, is displaced in the axial direction of the switching member 9 with a sufficiently high switching speed.
  • the switching element of the in Fig. 1a shown starting position in the in Fig. 1b shown end position moves.
  • the switching element consists in the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of a front contact part 9a and a rear insulator part 9b, which are firmly connected to each other.
  • the connection between the contact part 9a and the insulator part 9b can, as in Fig. 1 represented by the fact that in the rear end of the contact part 9a a receiving recess is provided, in which engages the front end of the insulator part 9b.
  • the connection can be made by pressing, gluing, crimping or the like.
  • the insulator part 9b of the switching member 9 ensures a sufficient insulation distance between the rear end of the contact material part 9a made of a conductive material.
  • the insulator part 9b consisting of an insulating material, for example a plastic, may be structured on its circumference in such a way that there is a longer path in the axial direction for surface currents or leakage currents. This can be done by milling circumferential grooves, as in Fig. 1 is shown, leading in longitudinal section to a meandering path between the rear end of the switching part 9a and the front side of the drive 11 and the housing 19 of the drive 11.
  • the drive element 15 is stopped after reaching an end position within the housing 19 of the drive 11 in its axial displacement movement.
  • the sealing edge 29 of the drive element 15 cooperates with a stop shoulder between a front region of the housing 19 with a smaller diameter and a further region within the housing 19 with a larger diameter. In the area with a larger diameter, there is also the gas which is generated when the pyrotechnic drive 11 is triggered.
  • the generated gas receiving space may be approximately dense by a corresponding design of the housing and the sealing edge 29 of the drive member 15 after reaching the final position of the drive member 15 so that there is no risk that by leakage of the fuel gas damage or injury to persons be caused.
  • small outlet openings may be provided for the gas in the housing, which are preferably chosen so small that no injury or damage can be caused by leakage of the heating gas. Such outlet openings may also be provided so that they only become effective in the end position of the drive element 15.
  • axially extending grooves may be provided in the front portion of the smaller diameter housing 19 having such a radial depth that even when the sealing rim 29 abuts the shoulder between the smaller and larger diameter gas from the interior via the Grooves can emerge forward.
  • Fig. 1b How out Fig. 1b can be seen by the sudden stopping of the axial displacement movement of the drive member 15, the connection via the connecting pin 17 between the switching member 9 and the isolator part 9b of the switching member 9 and the drive member 15 is released, so that the switching member 9 moves on due to its inertia with appropriate speed until it reaches its end position ( Fig. 1b ) has reached.
  • the connection between the switching element 9 and the drive element 15 will be designed so that practically no or only a negligible or in certain cases, a desired part of the kinetic energy for releasing the connection is lost, which the switching member 9 at the time of reaching the end position of the drive element 15 in the housing 19 of the drive 11 has.
  • the switching member 11 thus performs a free movement phase after it has been decoupled from the drive 9 and is no longer acted upon by a force. As a result, can be realized practically arbitrarily large switching paths for the switching element 9. Because the switching path is no longer determined by the movement, which can be provided by the drive 11.
  • the path of movement of the switching element 9 is at the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of a switch 1 limited by the separate brake element 7.
  • This has in the axis of the switching member, which is aligned with the axis of movement of the switching member, an opening 31 which is conically tapered in its longitudinal section (viewed in the direction of movement of the switching member) is formed, ie, the inner diameter of the opening 31 decreases in the direction of switching movement.
  • the front end of the switching member 9 and the contact part 9a is also conical, wherein the cone angle corresponds approximately to the cone angle of the opening 31.
  • the minimum diameter of the opening 31 must be smaller than the maximum diameter of the switching member 9a in its front region. This results in a relatively slow deceleration of the switching part 9, which occurs at high speed with its front end in the opening 31 of the brake element 7. This relatively slow deceleration of the sliding movement of the switching element 9 leads to lower mechanical loads of the switch first
  • a sensor 33 is provided in the separate brake element 7, which may be formed, for example, as a sensor wire. This runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the switching member 9 in a region which is chosen so that the sensor 33 is destroyed in an occurrence of the switching element 9 in the opening 31.
  • a signal can be generated by a simple resistance measurement as soon as the switch has been triggered. The signal then includes the Information that the switch has actually been triggered and that the switching element 9 has reached its correct end position.
  • Switch 1 shown are the two contacts 3 and 5 in the starting position ( Fig. 1a ) electrically conductively connected. This is indicated by the respective arrows for a current I flowing through the switch.
  • the contacting of the contacts 3, 5 of the switch 1 can of course be done in any suitable manner.
  • the switching member 9 has moved so far into its final position that the contact part 9a, which in the in Fig. 1a illustrated starting position, the two contacts 3, 5 electrically conductively connects, no longer in electrical contact with the contact 5 is.
  • the end position of the electrical switch 1 designed as an opener thus the circuit has broken through the contacts 3 and 5.
  • the switching part at the in Fig. 1 illustrated example still held with its insulator part 9b in contact 5.
  • the insulator part 9b is dimensioned so that even in the end position in Fig. 1b a sufficient minimum isolation distance between the switching part 9a and the contact 5 is ensured.
  • the clock intervals between the contacts 3, 5 are chosen so large that the switch for high voltages, especially voltages of more than 10 kV, which is applied to the contacts 3, 5 after disconnecting the circuit.
  • the insulator part 9b With appropriate dimensioning of the insulator part 9b, large distances between the contact unit 4 and the drive 11 can be realized. This is particularly important if, however, the maximum switching voltage that can be applied to the contact unit 4 or the contacts 3, 5, not too high, however the contact unit is at a much higher potential than the drive unit 11.
  • the switch 1 can of course be realized in any suitable size. This is particularly dependent on the voltage to be switched and the current to be switched.
  • the size can range from small sizes for voltages in the range of a few 10 to a few 100 volts up to large sizes for voltages of several thousand, several tens of thousands or even several 100 000 volts.
  • the switching element can easily reach lengths in the range of one to several meters.
  • the drive 11 is already arranged in the starting position of the switching element 9 in a remote from the rear end of the switching element 9 position, ie the drive 11 does not act on the switching element 9 directly.
  • the pyrotechnic drive 11 in the embodiment according to Fig. 2 is essentially with the drive 11 of the variant in Fig. 1 identical.
  • the drive 11 is, however, coupled to a pulse transmission element 35, which is received in the front region of the housing 19 of the drive 11.
  • the pulse transmission element 35, as well as the insulator part 9b in the variant according to Fig. 1 be connected to the drive element 15 in order to avoid unnecessary release of the momentum transfer element 35 from the drive 11.
  • the momentum transfer element 35 is designed so that it has a sufficient mass to transmit a correspondingly large pulse to the switching member 9, which causes the switching member 9 accelerated by this indirect application of the drive 11 and from its initial position (Fig. Fig. 2a ) into its final position ( Fig. 2b ) is moved.
  • switch 1 The function of in Fig. 2 illustrated switch 1 is thus largely as possible with the function of the switch Fig. 1 identical. It differs only in that the switching element 9 is no longer acted upon directly by the drive 11, but that the drive 11 accelerates the momentum transfer element 35 when it is triggered and shoots a projectile onto the rear end of the switching element 9 or of the insulator part 9b.
  • the switching element, in particular the insulator part 9b, and the pulse transmission element 35 may be formed so that the pulse transmission element 35 after its impact on the rear end of the switching element 9 and the insulator part 9b connects with this.
  • the rear end face of the insulator part 9b have a small recess or recess 37, in which engages the front side of the momentum transfer element 35 at its impact.
  • the materials of the switching element 9 or of the insulator part 9b and of the impulse transmission element may be selected such that a fusion or welding of the impulse transmission element 25 with the switching element 9 or the insulator part 9b results. In this case, the switching member 9 and the pulse transmission element 35 move together toward the end position ( Fig. 2b ).
  • the switching element 9 is thus indirectly driven by the drive by pulse transmission by means of the pulse transmission element 35.
  • Such switches can thus also be used for cases in which a very high potential difference between the contact unit 4 or the contacts 3, 5 and the drive 11 can occur.
  • this switch 1 which in turn is designed as a single-pole opener, comprises an electrodynamic drive 11.
  • Such an electrodynamic drive 11 may comprise, for example, a coil 39 which is acted upon by a short current pulse of very high current intensity.
  • a magnetic field is generated, which generates in the appropriately designed drive element 15 eddy currents, which in turn lead to a repulsive magnetic field.
  • the drive element 15 as in the case of a pyrotechnic drive, with appropriate force and speed from its initial position to its end position ( Fig. 3b ) emotional.
  • the switch 1 after the in Fig. 4 Example shown differs from the embodiment in FIG Fig. 3 essentially by a different dimensioning of the switching element 9 with respect to the lengths of the contact part 9a and the insulator part 9b with respect to the distances between the contacts 3, 5 and the braking element 7.
  • this switch 1 implements a branch function.
  • the contact part 9a closes the two contacts 3 and 5 short or establishes an electrical contact between them.
  • Fig. 4b In the end position of the switching element 9, as shown Fig. 4b can be seen, there is still an electrical contact between the contacts 3 and 5, since the contact part 9a of the switching element 9 correspondingly long is trained.
  • the brake element as a brake contact 7 ' is formed.
  • the middle contact 3 is thus short-circuited with the two contacts 7 'and 5, so that a current I supplied to the contact 3 is divided into partial currents I1 via the contact 5 and I2 via the brake contact 7'.
  • the switch 1 to Fig. 5 in turn has an electro-dynamic drive 11, which acts on the switching element 9 in its initial position (and during the acceleration phase) directly.
  • the mechanical operation is thus largely identical to the example Fig. 4 , however, here the switching element with respect to its axial division into the contact part 9a and the insulator element 9b dimensioned so that in the starting position ( Fig. 5a ) Only the contacts 3 and 5 are short-circuited and in the end position, only the contacts 3 and 7 '. This is therefore a switch.
  • the brake contact 7 may also include a sensor 33, for example in the form of a sensor wire, a sensor film, in particular a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film or PVDF wire, or an optical fiber.
  • a sensor 33 for example in the form of a sensor wire, a sensor film, in particular a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film or PVDF wire, or an optical fiber.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the switch 1 to Fig. 6 shows in this regard a variant in which an additional support of the insulator part 9b is given in the end position.
  • This switch also realizes a switching function and largely corresponds to the variant Fig. 5 ,
  • the contact part 9a in the brake contact 7 ' is not decelerated via a conical opening and the conical front end of the switching element 9, but by a stop flange 41 extending over the circumference of the front end of the contact part 9a of the switching element 9
  • the front of the stop flange 41 may be covered with a damping material, such as a plastic to make the braking of the switching element 9 is somewhat slower than in the case of a completely rigid stop flange.
  • the brake contact 7 has contacting means 43, as they may also be used in the case of the other contacts, both before and after the sliding movement of the switching element. 9 must cause an electrical contact.
  • Such contact means 43 can of course also be used in such contacts, which must be electrically connected to the switching element either only in the starting position or in the end position of the switching element 9.
  • the contact means 43 may be formed in particular as a so-called multi-contact.
  • a multicontact usually has on the inner wall of the respective breakthrough in the contact 3, 5, 7 'on resilient elements which are arranged distributed over the inner circumference.
  • the resilient elements are electrically connected at one end to the respective contact 3, 5, 7 'and, at the other end, act on the outer circumference of the switching element 9 or the contact part 9a. This ensures a secure contact.
  • Such multicontacts are commercially available as prefabricated components and may be formed, for example, annular. In the inner wall of the ring axial grooves may extend, in which lie the resilient contact parts, wherein the contact parts project with a free end in the radial direction over the inner circumference of the ring.
  • the outer circumference of the switching element or the contact part 9a is chosen so that it substantially corresponds to the inner circumference of the ring of the multi-contact. As a result, the outer circumference of the switching element is reliably acted upon by the resilient contact elements.
  • Such a multi-contact also allows multiple insertion and removal or movement of the switching element while maintaining the electrical contact between the switching element 9 and the contact part 9a and the respective contact part 3, 5, 7 '.
  • a drive 11 which comprises a plunger coil 5, in which an actuating element 47 engages.
  • the actuator has at its end a flange, the ferromagnetic material is attracted to a loading of the plunger coil 45 with a sufficiently high current through the magnetic field generated by the plunger coil 45.
  • a lever mechanism is actuated, which acts on a lever 49 applied on one side. With its longer lever arm, the lever 49 acts on the switching member 9 at its rear end, ie at the rear end of the insulator part 9b.
  • a translation of the switching path is achieved, which is generated by the plunger coil 45.
  • the functionality of this switch 1 corresponds to the variant Fig. 6 ,
  • Fig. 8 shows a further variant of a drive 11, which has a compressed coil spring 41 as energy storage. This acts on one end of the drive element 15 via a pressure plate 53.
  • a direct loading of the drive element 15 would be possible.
  • the pressure plate can be released with a triggering device in its axial mobility.
  • the triggering can of course be done manually or controlled, depending on the design of the triggering device 55.
  • a controllable triggering device for example, be designed so that a radially engaging in the pressure plate pin is moved by means of an electromagnet of the triggering device 55 from a blocking position to a release position ,
  • Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of an electrical switch 1, in which the contact unit 4 and the switching element 9 are arranged in a sealed housing 57.
  • the switching member 9 extends with its rear end substantially to a deformable membrane or a membrane region of the housing 57 zoom.
  • a pyrotechnic drive 11 is used, which for indirectly acting on the switching element 9 by means of a pulse transmission element 35, as in the case of the embodiment according to Fig. 2 , is trained.
  • the pulse transmission element 35 When the drive 11 is triggered, the pulse transmission element 35 is no longer projected directly onto the rear end face of the switching element 9 or the insulator part 9b but onto the diaphragm 59 arranged therebetween. In this case, the pulse transmission thus takes place indirectly from the momentum transmission element 35 via the diaphragm 59 on the switching element.
  • the membrane is preferably designed and tuned to the pulse to be transmitted so that it deforms during the impulse transmission. As a result, the pulse transmission element can be braked slower.
  • the diaphragm and the momentum transfer element 35 such that the momentum transfer element is connected to the diaphragm 59 after impact thereon, for example by providing a corresponding receiving means or by welding the respective materials through the impact energy.
  • a switch 1 after Fig. 11 corresponds in terms of functionality of the example in Fig. 1
  • a housing 57 is provided which surrounds not only the contact unit 4, but the entire switch 1.
  • Fig. 12 shows a switch 1, in which in turn a pyrotechnic drive 11 is used, which is designed to transmit a pulse by means of a pulse transmission element 35 to the switching member 9 of a contact unit 4.
  • This contact unit 4 comprises only a first contact 3 and a second contact 5.
  • An additional braking element or a sensor was omitted here.
  • the switching member 9 has a stop flange 41, which serves to brake the switching movement at the contact 3.
  • the contact 3 contacts the switching element 9 again via contact means 43, for example a multicontact.
  • the switching element 9 is held with its rear end in a receiving recess in the rear contact 5.
  • the contact element can be pressed in here for example during manufacture.
  • the stop flange 41 can serve here with its back as a limitation for a press-fit. There remains thus only a thin wall at the bottom of the receiving recess of the contact 5, which forms a breaking-away region 61.
  • the contact transfer member 35 on the breakout portion 61 it is broken out of the contact 5, and the pulse (at least a sufficient portion thereof) of the pulse transmitting member 35 is transmitted to the switch member 9.
  • the switching member 9 is then moved to its end position, which in Fig. 12b is shown.
  • the wall or the Ausbrech Scheme 61 may be welded due to the impact energy with the back of the switching element 9.
  • the pulse transmission element 35 may be configured in terms of its geometry or the recess or the resulting breakthrough in the contact 5 be matched to the momentum transfer element that the momentum transfer element is collected in the resulting breakthrough.
  • the switch in Fig. 13 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 12 only in that the contact unit 4 is deviating.
  • the switching element 9, which as well as in the variant according to Fig. 12 consists only of a contact part (there is no insulating portion), formed integrally with the contact 5.
  • the contact 5 can thus be produced in a process with the switching element 9. It is only necessary to provide a corresponding thin spot in the contact, which represents a predetermined breaking point between the switching element 9 and the contact 5.
  • the front contact 3 formed integrally with the switching element. Again, a thin spot 63 is provided between the switching member and the contact.
  • the thin spot 63 can be made for example by a welding operation when the switching element 9 is inserted into an initial breakthrough in the contact 5.
  • the stop flange 41 is not located directly on the contact 5, then the thin spot can also be produced in the contact 5 by means of a cutting or milling process. It is also possible to have such a complicated part as in Fig. 13a is shown to produce in one piece with methods of so-called rapid prototyping. This is also possible for metallic materials.
  • Fig. 14 shows a switching element 9 with a circumferentially structured front region 9 'and a further circumferentially structured region 9 ".
  • the structuring of grooves 73 'and 73 "and raised projections 75' and 75" as is the cut BB in Fig. 14 is apparent.
  • the switching member 9 can engage with these structured stop areas in corresponding openings in two brake contacts, so that they are electrically connected when the switch is triggered.
  • the structuring allows a material flow, in particular of the material of the elevations of the structures in the areas in which initially no material is present.
  • the material flow is caused by the high pressure, the friction and the temperature generated thereby.
  • the front portion 9 'of the switching element 9 in Fig. 14 For example, in connection with the switching element after Fig. 5 used become.
  • the structuring is very crucial for the production of a secure contact and for the desired welding of the materials of the switching element and the brake contact.
  • the rear structured region 9 " can also serve to establish a secure electrical contact with a second contact (not shown) Fig. 14 engage already in an initial position in an initially currentless (ie not used) brake contact such that the area of the switching element 9 between the two structured areas 9 'and 9 "in the breakthrough of that contact, which in the end position of the switching element by means of the structured area 9 "should be contacted.
  • the switching element 9 after Fig. 14 thus, it makes it possible to produce two secure electrical, optionally welded connections between the switching element 9 in the two structured regions 9 'and 9 "and in each case one contact.
  • Fig. 16 shows the front end of a switching member 9, on which a cylindrical member 65 is arranged.
  • the element 65 may, as in Fig. 16 shown screwed with a threaded portion in a corresponding axial threaded bore in the front of the switching element 9.
  • the cylindrical member 65 may also be formed integrally with the switching member 9.
  • the cylindrical member 65 has an outer diameter which is smaller than the outer diameter of the adjacent portion of the switching member 9. This creates a stop shoulder 67th
  • an annular cone portion 69 is pushed on the cylindrical member 65.
  • the cone part has an inner diameter which substantially corresponds to the outer diameter of the cylindrical element 65.
  • the conical part 69 may also have one or more axially extending longitudinal sections or longitudinal grooves.
  • the conical outer wall of the cone portion 69 is selected so that it is acted upon insertion of the switching element 9 in the opening 31 of the contact 3 of the inner wall of the also conically shaped opening 31 so that radially inwardly directed forces acting on the cone portion 69 , This initially leads to frictional forces between the inner wall of the opening 31 of the contact 3 and the outer wall of the cone portion 69 and between the inner wall of the cone portion 69 and the outer wall of the cylindrical member 65.
  • the longitudinal slots in the cone portion 69 may be uniformly distributed over the circumference. However, it is also possible, as in Fig. 16 shown to provide only a single, axially continuous longitudinal slot 71. In addition, it is possible in the outer circumference of the conical part 69 and / or the inner circumference of the opening 31 any provide other structuring that can accommodate flowing material. Their functionality can be seen in the comments on the FIGS. 14 and 15 to get expelled.
  • the circular member shown in the drawing usually in the cross section circular another, for example rectangular, in particular flat, rectangular cross-section.
  • the openings in the contacts then have a correspondingly complementary shape.
  • the housing of the switch which, as described above, certain components or all components of the switch surrounds, can also serve and be designed so that the state of the switch is made visible from the outside.
  • the material of the housing or one or more coatings may be selected on the inside or outside so that there is an electromagnetic shielding effect.
  • the visualization of the switch state takes place in that the housing consists at least in relevant areas of such a material or coated with such a material that a power loss generated in the switch at certain switching states, or electromagnetic fields in certain switching states be generated, leading to a change in the state of the material of the housing or the housing coating.
  • materials can be used that react to the presence of electromagnetic fields or temperature changes caused by the power loss with a color change. In this way, the switch state can be detected or monitored visually, even from a greater distance.
  • the housing can be made of any material, provided that its specific electrical conductivity is small compared to the specific conductivity of the materials in the current path.
  • graphite can also be used as the housing material, as a result of which the housing or the entire switch can be used for high-temperature applications.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
EP15754106.1A 2014-07-30 2015-07-30 Elektrischer schalter, insbesondere für hohe spannungen und/oder hohe ströme Active EP3175466B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201531030T SI3175466T1 (sl) 2014-07-30 2015-07-30 Električno stikalo, zlasti za visoke napetosti in/ali visoke tokove

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014110825.6A DE102014110825A1 (de) 2014-07-30 2014-07-30 Elektrischer Schalter, insbesondere für hohe Spannungen und/oder hohe Ströme
PCT/DE2015/100320 WO2016015719A2 (de) 2014-07-30 2015-07-30 Elektrischer schalter, insbesondere für hohe spannungen und/oder hohe ströme

Publications (2)

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EP3175466A2 EP3175466A2 (de) 2017-06-07
EP3175466B1 true EP3175466B1 (de) 2019-09-11

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US (1) US10236148B2 (sl)
EP (1) EP3175466B1 (sl)
JP (1) JP2017525114A (sl)
KR (1) KR20170030647A (sl)
DE (1) DE102014110825A1 (sl)
SI (1) SI3175466T1 (sl)
WO (1) WO2016015719A2 (sl)

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DE102018100076B3 (de) * 2018-01-03 2019-06-13 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Kurzschließeinrichtung für den Einsatz in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsanlagen zum Sach- und Personenschutz
DE102018100686A1 (de) 2018-01-12 2018-03-01 Peter Lell Elektrisches Unterbrechungsschaltglied mit Reaktivbeschichtung in der Reaktionskammer
DE202018100172U1 (de) 2018-01-12 2018-01-26 Peter Lell Elektrisches Unterbrechungsschaltglied mit Reaktivbeschichtung in der Reaktionskammer
WO2019154463A1 (de) 2018-02-09 2019-08-15 Peter Lell Unterbrechungsschaltglied mit haupt- und nebenschlussstrompfad
DE102018103018B4 (de) 2018-02-09 2022-09-29 Peter Lell Unterbrechungsschaltglied mit Haupt- und Nebenschlussstrompfad
DE202018100728U1 (de) 2018-02-09 2018-02-21 Peter Lell Unterbrechungsschaltglied mit Haupt- und Nebenschlussstrompfad
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2017525114A (ja) 2017-08-31
US10236148B2 (en) 2019-03-19
WO2016015719A2 (de) 2016-02-04
DE102014110825A1 (de) 2014-09-18
US20170229267A1 (en) 2017-08-10
WO2016015719A3 (de) 2016-04-28
KR20170030647A (ko) 2017-03-17
EP3175466A2 (de) 2017-06-07
SI3175466T1 (sl) 2020-02-28

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