EP3173706B1 - Device for air exchange in buildings - Google Patents

Device for air exchange in buildings Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3173706B1
EP3173706B1 EP16200481.6A EP16200481A EP3173706B1 EP 3173706 B1 EP3173706 B1 EP 3173706B1 EP 16200481 A EP16200481 A EP 16200481A EP 3173706 B1 EP3173706 B1 EP 3173706B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
fan
supply air
exhaust air
supply
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EP16200481.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3173706A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Weigl
Ralf Wissing
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Limodor Lueftungstechnik & Co KG GmbH
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Limodor Lueftungstechnik & Co KG GmbH
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Priority to SI201631594T priority Critical patent/SI3173706T1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/77—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by controlling the speed of ventilators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
    • F24F12/006—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an air-to-air heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F24F7/08—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit with separate ducts for supplied and exhausted air with provisions for reversal of the input and output systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F24F2011/0002—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for air exchange in buildings with at least two fan arrangements for extracting exhaust air, with integrated controls and/or a control device for controlling the amount of exhaust air to be extracted and with at least one supply air line for introducing supply air into the building, which is divided into several branch lines branched.
  • an air conditioning system for a building with decentralized fan arrangements for extracting exhaust air from individual rooms is known.
  • This exhaust air is routed via an air conditioning unit arranged in a common room, for example an anteroom, and is in turn introduced into the individual rooms by means of a common fan.
  • the flow rate of the decentralized fan arrangements corresponds to the flow rate of the common fan.
  • Part of the air can be exchanged in the air conditioning unit.
  • the JP H09 79648 A a device for air exchange in buildings according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the main object of the invention is to create a device for air exchange that allows an energy-efficient exchange of building air and at the same time creates a comfortable room climate.
  • demand-dependent air regulation at the exhaust air point should be possible.
  • a device with the features of claim 1 is proposed to solve the task at hand. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims. Furthermore, a method with the features of claim 7 is proposed.
  • the supply air line is assigned a blower unit, with the controller specifying the supply air volume to be the same as the sum of the exhaust air volumes of the decentralized blower arrangements, and the branch lines being equipped at the end with an air passage valve.
  • each fan arrangement is assigned a sensor control.
  • the sensor control can include a time, follow-up, interval, humidity, light, remote, CO 2 and/or movement control.
  • each exhaust air point is equipped with its own blower arrangement, a fan, for conveying air. This means that the volume of air to be extracted can be selectively increased or decreased in each room.
  • the sensor control e.g.: time, clock, run-on, interval, humidity, light and motion detectors
  • the resident can manually increase or decrease the air volume with a switch at each exhaust air point.
  • the supply air volume is always automatically adjusted to the exhaust air volume via the central blower unit, so that a balanced volume flow balance can be guaranteed.
  • each fan arrangement for extracting exhaust air can be switched on or off in a targeted manner in each operating stage for a defined time interval.
  • the fan arrangement switches on and off with a delay for extracting exhaust air.
  • the switch-on and switch-off times can be set independently of each other.
  • the fan arrangement for extracting exhaust air switches on automatically after a variably adjustable interval time has elapsed, The set operating time then runs and then switches off again automatically.
  • the humidity module switches the fan arrangement for extracting exhaust air on and off depending on the room humidity value and a climate logic.
  • the light sensor switches on the blower arrangement for extracting exhaust air when there is light. If the incidence of light is interrupted, the fan switches off, possibly with an after-run time.
  • the motion detector reacts to moving heat radiation and switches on the fan arrangement for extracting exhaust air when it enters the sensor area. When leaving the area, the fan switches off again.
  • the fan arrangements for extracting exhaust air can be switched on and off centrally, with the manual, room-side operation being retained.
  • the fan switches on and switches off again if the value falls below it.
  • sensors that are not directly assigned to the fan arrangements for sucking off exhaust air can also be used for the operation of the ventilation system, which adjust the air quantities in individual exhaust fans or also in exhaust fan groups or in the entire ventilation system.
  • a humidity sensor module with climate logic can be integrated into fan arrangements for suction and record the air humidity of the environment. If, for example, a humidity increase of at least 5% is reached within 15 minutes, the blower arrangement switches on immediately when the 5% limit is reached. At the earliest, however, at a relative humidity of 55%. If the ambient humidity increases more slowly, a new start value is set every 15 minutes, so the switch-on point moves with it. If the humidity decreases, the switch-on point is corrected downwards. Did the fan switched on due to an increase in humidity, it runs until it again reaches the humidity threshold at which it switched on. A maximum running time can be set to ensure that the fan switches off. The great advantage of the climate logic is that it remains functional even in summer. With a fixed switch-on point, the humidity module would only work in winter and would have to be switched off in summer.
  • the humidity sensor module can be put into sleep mode by actuating a light/ventilation switch.
  • the humidity control is then deactivated for 12 hours, for example. Switching the fan on again disables the sleep mode.
  • the connecting lines of the decentralized fan arrangements be connected to a common exhaust air line, in whose flow path a heat exchanger is arranged, which is also connected to the air supply line for the purpose of preheating the air supply and flows through it becomes.
  • the exhaust air to be discharged from the building thus transfers the heat to the supply air flowing into the building, in a generally known manner.
  • Inexpensive conditions are created in particular by the fact that all exhaust air lines and the air supply line are routed through a single heat exchanger element. This can then be cleaned or disinfected if necessary.
  • a silencer be arranged in the supply air line. This silencer is arranged in particular after the common blower of the supply air line and ensures that only air that is as noise-reduced as possible is routed to the individual air supply openings.
  • the supply air line branches into several branch lines, each with an air passage valve on one side are equipped.
  • This also makes it possible to carry out targeted ventilation, for example in the living room, study and bedroom.
  • various winter and summer control models can be implemented, whereby in the cold season, for example, the supply and exhaust air can be routed via the heat exchanger and in summer this heat exchanger is bypassed if necessary.
  • a wide variety of ventilation models can also be implemented, such as a basic air recirculation position that ensures the basic exchange.
  • demand-controlled amounts of exhaust air can be set, such as occur in the kitchen, in the bathroom or in toilet facilities or the like, in order to be able to ventilate rooms quickly and appropriately.
  • the amount of supply air is electronically regulated via the amount of exhaust air from the exhaust air devices and always delivers exactly the amount of supply air that is currently required.
  • the method according to the invention for air exchange in a building whose exhaust air is extracted with at least two decentralized blower arrangements is characterized in that the same amount of extracted exhaust air is introduced into the building with a central blower and subsequently distributed by means of branch lines. For this purpose, it is recommended that the supply air is introduced into the building via the air outlet valves assigned to the ends of the stub line.
  • a ventilation system is controlled, for example, by the decentralized fan arrangements and their integrated sensors, by external sensors or by functionalities and by a wired control line between decentralized fan arrangements, controller and central fan unit for the supply air. If a sensor reports a negative change in the room air, the respective decentralized blower arrangement increases the air volume at this exhaust air point and reports this to the control. The control increases the air volume of the blower unit for the Supply air so that a balanced volume flow balance between supply and extract air can be guaranteed. If the limit values on the sensor are undershot again, the decentralized blower arrangement reduces its air volume and, based on the feedback to the controller, the supply air is also reduced to the same extent. The user can also increase or decrease the amount of exhaust air manually.
  • a ventilation system according to the invention with automatic adjustment records the total amount of exhaust air and ensures a balanced air volume flow through the blower unit for the supply air via a control system/control. This results in the following advantages over a system with feedback. Any number of decentralized blower arrangements with different air flow rates can be used. Only the total amount of exhaust air from all individual decentralized fan arrangements must not exceed the maximum flow rate of the supply air fan. No control lines are required between decentralized fan arrangements and the controller. The number of decentralized blower arrangements is not limited and the ventilation system is only regulated and balanced via the exhaust air volume that is actually conveyed.
  • These blower arrangements 1 usually include a fan unit arranged in a housing, which is closed at the front with a cover, with a filter element usually being arranged between the fan unit and the cover.
  • a control device 2 which registers the individual quantities of exhaust air and adjusts the supply air accordingly.
  • the air volumes of the fan arrangements can be changed individually via integrated or external controls. Additionally can the amount of air can be set centrally via a remote control/switching element 13.
  • the individual exhaust air lines 3 of the blower arrangements open into a common exhaust air line 4 .
  • at least one air supply line 5 is provided for introducing air into the building, which air supply line 5 branches into a number of branch lines 6 . The fresh air is introduced into the building via the branch lines 6 at the specified points.
  • a "central or common" blower unit 7 is assigned to the supply air line 5, with the controller 2 specifying the same amount of supply air in the supply air line 5 as in the exhaust air line 4, i.e. the sum of the exhaust air quantities of the decentralized fan arrangements 1.
  • the connecting lines 3 of the decentralized fan arrangements 1 are connected to the common exhaust air line 4, in whose flow path a heat exchanger 8 is arranged, which is also connected to the air supply line 5 for the purpose of preheating the supply air.
  • the supply air enters the building through an opening 10 and the exhaust air exits through an opening 9 .
  • a silencer 11 is arranged in the supply air line 5 , in the exemplary embodiment after the heat exchanger 8 and after the blower 7 .
  • the supply air line 5 branches, as already mentioned, into a number of branch lines 6, via which the fresh air is introduced into the respective premises. These branch lines 6 are equipped with air passage valves 12 at the ends.
  • the exhaust air can be extracted decentrally, with the individual ventilation devices being able to be switched up from a base load level in which, for example, 30m 3 /h can be extracted, to a ventilation requirement of 60m 3 /h, for example.
  • Individual fans can, for example, be equipped with delay relays, which can be advantageous, for example, in wet rooms, kitchens or the like. They can be switched with light switches or with separate switching devices, or the respective switching stage can be specified by the control unit. In any case, the conveyed amount of exhaust air is recorded by the control unit 2 and the amount of supply air to be introduced into the building is readjusted accordingly via the blower unit 7 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Luftaustausch in Gebäuden mit wenigstens zwei Gebläseanordnungen zum Absaugen von Abluft, mit integrierten Steuerungen und/oder einer Steuerungseinrichtung zur Steuerung der abzusaugenden Abluftmenge und mit wenigstens einer Zuluftleitung zum Einbringen von Zuluft in das Gebäude, die in mehrere Stichleitungen verzweigt.The invention relates to a device for air exchange in buildings with at least two fan arrangements for extracting exhaust air, with integrated controls and/or a control device for controlling the amount of exhaust air to be extracted and with at least one supply air line for introducing supply air into the building, which is divided into several branch lines branched.

Grundsätzlich ist es bekannt, diverse Gebäude bzw. Räumlichkeiten mittels Lüfteinheiten zu entlüften. Damit sollen beispielsweise Sanitärräume, Küchen, Abstellräume oder dgl. von schadstoff-, feuchter- bzw. geruchsbelasteter Luft befreit werden. Auch bei Passivhäusern ist mit derartigen Vorrichtungen ein geordneter Luftaustausch im Gebäude vorzusehen, um die ordnungsgemäße Sauerstoffversorgung im Gebäude zu gewährleisten. Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist insbesondere auch deshalb erforderlich, da die moderne Bauweise von Gebäuden, bei der die Gebäudehülle immer dichter ausgestaltet wird und deshalb keine natürliche Be- und Entlüftung in den Wohnräumen stattfinden kann, eine entsprechende Lüftungsanlage erfordert. Damit soll einerseits Energie eingespart werden, was anderseits aber zur Folge hat, dass eine entsprechende Lüftungsanlage vorgesehen wird, die ein behagliches Raumklima schafft. Diese Lüftungsanlage soll ein zugfreies, behagliches Raumklima ermöglichen und dabei möglichst geringe Betriebskosten verursachen.In principle, it is known to ventilate various buildings or rooms by means of ventilation units. This should, for example, free sanitary rooms, kitchens, storage rooms or the like from polluted, damp or odor-laden air. In passive houses, too, such devices must be used to ensure an orderly exchange of air in the building in order to ensure proper oxygen supply in the building. Such a device is also necessary in particular because the modern construction of buildings, in which the building shell is designed more and more densely and therefore no natural ventilation can take place in the living areas, an appropriate ventilation system is required. On the one hand, this is intended to save energy, which on the other hand means that an appropriate ventilation system is provided that creates a comfortable room climate. This ventilation system should enable a draught-free, comfortable room climate and cause the lowest possible operating costs.

Mit einem zentralen Abluftventilator für alle Abluftstellen, kann nur die gesamte Luftmenge im Wohnraum erhöht werden. Dies hat einen erhöhten Energiebedarf, Lärmpegel und niedrigere Luftfeuchte und eingeschränkte Luftmengenanpassung an der Abluftstelle zur Folge.With a central exhaust air fan for all exhaust air points, only the total air volume in the living room can be increased. This results in an increased energy requirement, noise level and lower air humidity and restricted air volume adjustment at the exhaust air point.

Bei Systemen mit zentralem Zu- und Abluftventilator müssen alle Zu- und Abluftöffnungen bei der Inbetriebnahme eingeregelt werden.In systems with a central supply and exhaust air fan, all supply and exhaust air openings must be regulated during commissioning.

Aus der JP H09 79648 A ist eine Klimaanlage für ein Gebäude mit dezentralen Gebläseanordnungen zum Absaugen von Abluft aus einzelnen Räumen bekannt. Diese Abluft wird über ein in einem Gemeinschaftsraum, beispielsweise einem Vorraum, angeordnetes Klimagerät geleitet und mittels eines gemeinsamen Gebläses wiederum in die einzelnen Räume eingebracht. In diesem Kreislauf entspricht die Fördermenge der dezentralen Gebläseanordnungen der Fördermenge des gemeinsamen Gebläses. Im Klimagerät kann ein Teil der Luft ausgetauscht werden. Dabei offenbart die JP H09 79648 A eine Vorrichtung zum Luftaustausch in Gebäuden gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.From the JP H09 79648 A an air conditioning system for a building with decentralized fan arrangements for extracting exhaust air from individual rooms is known. This exhaust air is routed via an air conditioning unit arranged in a common room, for example an anteroom, and is in turn introduced into the individual rooms by means of a common fan. In this circuit, the flow rate of the decentralized fan arrangements corresponds to the flow rate of the common fan. Part of the air can be exchanged in the air conditioning unit. In doing so, the JP H09 79648 A a device for air exchange in buildings according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine Vorrichtung zum Luftaustausch zu schaffen, die einen energieeffizienten Austausch von Gebäudeluft erlaubt und dabei ein behagliches Raumklima schafft, ist Hauptaufgabe der Erfindung. Zudem soll eine bedarfsabhängige Luftregelung an der Abluftstelle möglich sein. Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung soll ein möglichst schneller und effizienter Abtransport schadstoffbelasteter/feuchter Luft aus Räumen möglich sein.The main object of the invention is to create a device for air exchange that allows an energy-efficient exchange of building air and at the same time creates a comfortable room climate. In addition, demand-dependent air regulation at the exhaust air point should be possible. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it should be possible to evacuate polluted/moist air from rooms as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Zur Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe wird eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 vorgeschlagen. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen definiert. Weiter wird ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 7 vorgeschlagen. Gemäß der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Zuluftleitung eine Gebläseeinheit zugeordnet ist, wobei die Steuerung die Zuluftmenge gleichhoch vorgibt, wie die Summe der Abluftmengen der dezentralen Gebläseanordnungen ist und wobei die Stichleitungen endseitig mit einem Luftdurchlassventil ausgestattet sind.A device with the features of claim 1 is proposed to solve the task at hand. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims. Furthermore, a method with the features of claim 7 is proposed. According to the invention, the supply air line is assigned a blower unit, with the controller specifying the supply air volume to be the same as the sum of the exhaust air volumes of the decentralized blower arrangements, and the branch lines being equipped at the end with an air passage valve.

Dadurch, dass vorgesehen wird, dass dieselbe Luftmenge wie sie von den Gebläseanordnungen aus dem Gebäude abgesaugt wird, mit einer zentralen Gebläseeinheit in das Gebäude eingebracht wird, herrschen innerhalb des Gebäudes nur besonders geringe Druckdifferenzen zwischen Absaugungen und Lufteinbringungsöffnungen vor, was insbesondere einem zugfreien Luftaustausch zugutekommt, der unter andere dafür verantwortlich ist, ein besonders behagliches Raumklima zu schaffen. Erfindungswesentlich ist es also, dass aktiv die gleiche Menge Zuluft in das Gebäude eingebracht wird, wie aktiv von den einzelnen Stellen abgesaugt wird. Unterdrücke im Gebäude werden damit vermieden. Zur Steuerung können zentrale bzw. dezentrale Sensoren oder eine Mischung daraus verwendet werden. Zudem können zur Steuerung alle Geräte über Steuerleitungen mit der Steuerung verbunden werden und/oder die Luftmenge in der Abluftleitung wird gemessen und die Zuluft danach eingestellt. Für diesen Fall kann gegebenenfalls auch auf Steuerleitungen zwischen Steuerung und Gebläseeinheiten verzichtet werden.Because it is provided that the same amount of air as is sucked out of the building by the blower arrangements is brought into the building with a central blower unit, there are only particularly small pressure differences inside the building between the suction and air inlet openings, which in particular benefits a draught-free exchange of air , who is responsible, among other things, for creating a particularly comfortable room climate. It is therefore essential to the invention that the same amount of supply air is actively introduced into the building as is actively extracted from the individual points. Oppressions in the building are thus avoided. Central or decentralized control can be used Sensors or a mixture thereof can be used. In addition, all devices can be connected to the controller via control lines and/or the air volume in the exhaust air line is measured and the supply air adjusted accordingly. In this case, it may also be possible to dispense with control lines between the controller and the blower units.

Insbesondere empfiehlt es sich, wenn den Gebläseanordnungen je eine Sensorsteuerung zugeordnet ist. Die Sensorsteuerung kann eine Zeit-, Nachlauf-, Intervall- Feuchte-, Licht-, Fern-, CO2 und/oder Bewegungssteuerung umfassen. Erfindungsgemäß wird jede Abluftstelle mit einer eigenen Gebläseanordnung, einem Ventilator, zur Luftförderung ausgerüstet. Damit kann die abzufördernde Luftmenge in jedem Raum punktuell erhöht oder abgesenkt werden. Durch die Sensorsteuerung (z.B.: Zeit-, Uhr-, Nachlauf-, Intervall-, Feuchte-, Licht- und Bewegungsmelder) beispielsweise im Ablüfter, kann eine Anpassung der Luftmenge ohne bewussten Eingriff des Nutzers erfolgen. Zusätzlich bzw. parallel zum Sensorbetrieb kann der Bewohner manuell mit einem Schalter an jeder Abluftstelle die Luftmenge erhöhen oder absenken. Die Zuluftmenge wird über die zentrale Gebläseeinheit immer automatisch an die Abluftmenge angepasst, damit eine ausgeglichene Volumenstrombilanz garantiert werden kann.In particular, it is advisable if each fan arrangement is assigned a sensor control. The sensor control can include a time, follow-up, interval, humidity, light, remote, CO 2 and/or movement control. According to the invention, each exhaust air point is equipped with its own blower arrangement, a fan, for conveying air. This means that the volume of air to be extracted can be selectively increased or decreased in each room. The sensor control (e.g.: time, clock, run-on, interval, humidity, light and motion detectors), for example in the exhaust fan, allows the air volume to be adjusted without any conscious intervention by the user. In addition to or parallel to the sensor operation, the resident can manually increase or decrease the air volume with a switch at each exhaust air point. The supply air volume is always automatically adjusted to the exhaust air volume via the central blower unit, so that a balanced volume flow balance can be guaranteed.

Folgende Module stehen dafür beispielsweise zur Verfügung.For example, the following modules are available for this purpose.

Mit der programmierbaren Zeitschaltuhr kann jede Gebläseanordnung zum Absaugen von Abluft gezielt in jeder Betriebsstufe für ein definiertes Zeitintervall ein- bzw. ausgeschalten werden.With the programmable timer, each fan arrangement for extracting exhaust air can be switched on or off in a targeted manner in each operating stage for a defined time interval.

Im Nachlauf schaltet sich die Gebläseanordnung zum Absaugen von Abluft verzögert ein bzw. aus. Die Ein- und Ausschaltzeiten können unabhängig voneinander eingestellt werden.In the run-on, the fan arrangement switches on and off with a delay for extracting exhaust air. The switch-on and switch-off times can be set independently of each other.

Mit dem Intervallmodul schaltet sich die Gebläseanordnung zum Absaugen von Abluft selbstständig nach Ablauf einer variabel einstellbaren Intervallzeit ein, läuft dann die eingestellte Betriebszeit und schaltet dann selbstständig wieder ab.With the interval module, the fan arrangement for extracting exhaust air switches on automatically after a variably adjustable interval time has elapsed, The set operating time then runs and then switches off again automatically.

Das Feuchtemodul schaltet die Gebläseanordnung zum Absaugen von Abluft in Abhängigkeit des Raum-Feuchtewertes und einer Klimalogik ein und aus.The humidity module switches the fan arrangement for extracting exhaust air on and off depending on the room humidity value and a climate logic.

Der Lichtsensor schaltet die Gebläseanordnung zum Absaugen von Abluft bei Lichteinfall ein. Wird der Lichteinfall unterbrochen, schaltet der Lüfter, ggf. mit einer Nachlaufzeit, ab.The light sensor switches on the blower arrangement for extracting exhaust air when there is light. If the incidence of light is interrupted, the fan switches off, possibly with an after-run time.

Der Bewegungsmelder reagiert auf bewegende Wärmestrahlung und schaltet die Gebläseanordnung zum Absaugen von Abluft bei Eintritt in den Sensorbereich ein. Bei Verlassen des Bereiches schaltet der Lüfter wieder ab.The motion detector reacts to moving heat radiation and switches on the fan arrangement for extracting exhaust air when it enters the sensor area. When leaving the area, the fan switches off again.

Mit der Fernsteuerung können die Gebläseanordnungen zum Absaugen von Abluft zentral ein- bzw. ausgeschaltet werden, wobei die manuelle, raumseitige Bedienung erhalten bleibt.With the remote control, the fan arrangements for extracting exhaust air can be switched on and off centrally, with the manual, room-side operation being retained.

Wird der CO2-Grenzwert an der Gebläseanordnung zum Absaugen von Abluft überschritten, schaltet der Lüfter ein, bei Unterschreitung schaltet er wieder ab.If the CO2 limit value at the blower arrangement for extracting exhaust air is exceeded, the fan switches on and switches off again if the value falls below it.

Zusätzlich sind auch nicht den Gebläseanordnungen zum Absaugen von Abluft direkt zugeordnete Sensoren zum Betrieb der Lüftungsanlage einsetzbar, welche bei einzelnen Ablüftern oder auch Ablüftergruppen oder beim ganzen Lüftungssystem die Luftmengen anpassen.In addition, sensors that are not directly assigned to the fan arrangements for sucking off exhaust air can also be used for the operation of the ventilation system, which adjust the air quantities in individual exhaust fans or also in exhaust fan groups or in the entire ventilation system.

Ein Feuchtesensormodul mit Klimalogik kann in Gebläseanordnungen zum Absaugen integriert sein und die Luftfeuchte der Umgebung erfassen. Wird beispielsweise ein Feuchteanstieg von mindestens 5% innerhalb von 15 Minuten erreicht, schaltet die Gebläseanordnung bei Erreichen der 5% Grenze sofort ein. Frühestens aber bei relativer 55% Luftfeuchte. Steigt die Umgebungsfeuchte langsamer, wird alle 15 Minuten ein neuer Startwert festgelegt, der Einschaltpunkt bewegt sich also mit. Vermindert sich die Feuchte, so wird der Einschaltpunkt nach unten korrigiert. Hat sich der Lüfter auf Grund eines Feuchteanstieges eingeschaltet, läuft er so lange, bis er die Feuchteschwelle, bei der er eingeschalten hat, wieder erreicht. Um sicherzustellen, dass der Lüfter abschaltet, kann eine Maximallaufzeit eingestellt werden. Der große Vorteil der Klimalogik liegt darin, dass auch im Sommer die Funktion gewährleistet bleibt. Bei einem fixen Einschaltpunkt würde das Feuchtemodul nur im Winter funktionieren und müsste im Sommer abgeschalten werden.A humidity sensor module with climate logic can be integrated into fan arrangements for suction and record the air humidity of the environment. If, for example, a humidity increase of at least 5% is reached within 15 minutes, the blower arrangement switches on immediately when the 5% limit is reached. At the earliest, however, at a relative humidity of 55%. If the ambient humidity increases more slowly, a new start value is set every 15 minutes, so the switch-on point moves with it. If the humidity decreases, the switch-on point is corrected downwards. Did the fan switched on due to an increase in humidity, it runs until it again reaches the humidity threshold at which it switched on. A maximum running time can be set to ensure that the fan switches off. The great advantage of the climate logic is that it remains functional even in summer. With a fixed switch-on point, the humidity module would only work in winter and would have to be switched off in summer.

Zusätzlich kann das Feuchtesensormodul durch Betätigen eines Licht-/Lüftungsschalters in einen Schlafmodus versetzt werden. Die Feuchtesteuerung ist dann beispielsweise für 12 Stunden deaktiviert. Durch abermaliges Einschalten des Lüfters wird der Schlafmodus wieder außer Kraft gesetzt.In addition, the humidity sensor module can be put into sleep mode by actuating a light/ventilation switch. The humidity control is then deactivated for 12 hours, for example. Switching the fan on again disables the sleep mode.

Um dabei die Wärmeverluste möglichst gering zu halten, wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Anschlussleitungen der dezentralen Gebläseanordnungen in eine gemeinsame eine gemeinsame Abluftleitung angeschlossen sind, in deren Strömungsweg ein Wärmetauscher angeordnet ist, der zwecks Vorwärmung der Zuluft ebenfalls an die Zuluftleitung angeschlossen ist und von dieser durchströmt wird. Die aus dem Gebäude auszubringende Abluft gibt somit die Wärme an die in das Gebäude einströmende Zuluft, in allgemein bekannter Weise, ab. Kostengünstige Verhältnisse werden insbesondere dadurch geschaffen, dass alle Abluftleitungen und die Zuluftleitung durch ein einziges Wärmetauscherelement geleitet werden. Dieses kann dann gegebenenfalls gereinigt bzw. desinfiziert werden. Um den Geräuschpegel möglichst gering zu halten, was ebenfalls einen Einfluss auf das Raumklima hat, wird vorgeschlagen, dass in der Zuluftleitung ein Schalldämpfer angeordnet ist. Dieser Schalldämpfer ist insbesondere nach dem gemeinsamen Gebläse der Zuluftleitung angeordnet und sorgt dafür, dass nur möglichst schallberuhigte Luft zu den einzelnen Luftzuführöffnungen geleitet wird.In order to keep the heat losses as low as possible, it is proposed that the connecting lines of the decentralized fan arrangements be connected to a common exhaust air line, in whose flow path a heat exchanger is arranged, which is also connected to the air supply line for the purpose of preheating the air supply and flows through it becomes. The exhaust air to be discharged from the building thus transfers the heat to the supply air flowing into the building, in a generally known manner. Inexpensive conditions are created in particular by the fact that all exhaust air lines and the air supply line are routed through a single heat exchanger element. This can then be cleaned or disinfected if necessary. In order to keep the noise level as low as possible, which also has an effect on the room climate, it is proposed that a silencer be arranged in the supply air line. This silencer is arranged in particular after the common blower of the supply air line and ensures that only air that is as noise-reduced as possible is routed to the individual air supply openings.

Erfindungsgemäß ist es vorgesehen, dass die Zuluftleitung in mehreren Stichleitungen verzweigt, die einseitig mit je einem Luftdurchlassventil ausgestattet sind. Damit ist es auch möglich, zielgerichtete Lüftungen, beispielsweise Wohnzimmer, Arbeitszimmer, Schlafzimmer vornehmen zu können. So lassen sich verschiedene Winter- wie Sommerregelmodelle realisieren, wobei in der kalten Jahreszeit beispielsweise die Zu- und Abluftführung über den Wärmetauscher erfolgen kann und im Sommer dieser Wärmetauscher gegebenenfalls umgangen wird. Es lassen sich auch verschiedenste Lüftmodelle umsetzen, so beispielsweise eine Grundumluftstellung, die den Grundaustausch sicherstellt. Dazu können bedarfsgesteuerte Abluftmengen eingestellt werden, wie sie beispielsweise in der Küche, im Bad oder in WC-Anlagen oder dgl. anfallen, um Räume gezielt rasch entsprechend belüften zu können. Zudem besteht auch die Möglichkeit, das gesamte Gebäude mit hoher Leistung zu durchlüften, wie dies beispielsweise erforderlich sein kann, wenn eine größere Anzahl an Menschen im Gebäude anwesend ist. Die Zuluftmenge wird über die Abluftmenge der Abluftgeräte elektronisch geregelt und liefert immer genau die Zuluftmenge die gerade benötigt wird.According to the invention, it is provided that the supply air line branches into several branch lines, each with an air passage valve on one side are equipped. This also makes it possible to carry out targeted ventilation, for example in the living room, study and bedroom. In this way, various winter and summer control models can be implemented, whereby in the cold season, for example, the supply and exhaust air can be routed via the heat exchanger and in summer this heat exchanger is bypassed if necessary. A wide variety of ventilation models can also be implemented, such as a basic air recirculation position that ensures the basic exchange. For this purpose, demand-controlled amounts of exhaust air can be set, such as occur in the kitchen, in the bathroom or in toilet facilities or the like, in order to be able to ventilate rooms quickly and appropriately. In addition, there is also the option of ventilating the entire building with high performance, as may be necessary, for example, if a large number of people are present in the building. The amount of supply air is electronically regulated via the amount of exhaust air from the exhaust air devices and always delivers exactly the amount of supply air that is currently required.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Luftaustausch in einem Gebäude, dessen Abluft mit wenigstens zwei dezentralen Gebläuseanordnungen abgesaugt wird, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die gleiche Menge an abgesaugter Abluft mit einem zentralen Gebläse in das Gebäude eingebracht und in weiterer Folge mittels Stichleitungen verteilt wird. Dazu empfiehlt es sich, wenn die Zuluft über den Stichleitungsenden zugeordnete Luftdurchlassventile in das Gebäude eingebracht wird.The method according to the invention for air exchange in a building whose exhaust air is extracted with at least two decentralized blower arrangements is characterized in that the same amount of extracted exhaust air is introduced into the building with a central blower and subsequently distributed by means of branch lines. For this purpose, it is recommended that the supply air is introduced into the building via the air outlet valves assigned to the ends of the stub line.

Ein erfindungsgemäßese Lüftungssystem wird beispielsweise durch die dezentralen Gebläseanordnungen und deren integrierte Sensorik, durch externe Sensoren bzw. durch Funktionalitäten und durch eine drahtgebundene Steuerleitung zwischen dezentralen Gebläseanordnungen, Steuerung und zentraler Gebläseeinheit für die Zuluft gesteuert. Meldet ein Sensor eine negative Veränderung der Raumluft so erhöht die jeweilige dezentrale Gebläseanordnung an dieser Abluftstelle die Luftmenge und meldet dies an die Steuerung. Die Steuerung erhöht die Luftmenge der Gebläseeinheit für die Zuluft damit eine ausgeglichene Volumenstrombilanz zwischen Zu- und Abluft gewährleistet werden kann. Werden die Grenzwerte am Sensor wieder unterschritten, verringert die dezentrale Gebläseanordnung ihre Luftmenge und auf Grund der Rückmeldung zur Steuerung wird auch die Zuluft in gleichem Maß verringert. Die Erhöhung bzw. Verringerung der Abluftmenge kann auch manuell durch den Nutzer erfolgen.A ventilation system according to the invention is controlled, for example, by the decentralized fan arrangements and their integrated sensors, by external sensors or by functionalities and by a wired control line between decentralized fan arrangements, controller and central fan unit for the supply air. If a sensor reports a negative change in the room air, the respective decentralized blower arrangement increases the air volume at this exhaust air point and reports this to the control. The control increases the air volume of the blower unit for the Supply air so that a balanced volume flow balance between supply and extract air can be guaranteed. If the limit values on the sensor are undershot again, the decentralized blower arrangement reduces its air volume and, based on the feedback to the controller, the supply air is also reduced to the same extent. The user can also increase or decrease the amount of exhaust air manually.

Ein erfindungsgemäßese Lüftungssystem mit automatischer Anpassung erfasst die Gesamt-Abluftmenge und stellt über eine Regeltechnik/Steuerung einen balancierten Luftvolumenstrom durch die Gebläseeinheit für die Zuluft sicher. Damit ergeben sich folgende Vorteile gegenüber einem System mit Rückmeldung. Es können beliebig viele dezentrale Gebläseanordnungen mit unterschiedlichen Luftvolumenströmen eingesetzt werden. Einzig die gesamte Abluftmenge aller einzelnen dezentralen Gebläseanordnungen darf die maximale Fördermenge des Zuluftventilators nicht überschreiten. Es sind keine Steuerleitungen zwischen dezentralen Gebläseanordnungen und Steuerung nötig. Die Anzahl der dezentralen Gebläseanordnungen ist nicht begrenzt und die Lüftungsanlage wird ausschließlich über die tatsächlich geförderte Abluftmenge geregelt und ausbalanciert.A ventilation system according to the invention with automatic adjustment records the total amount of exhaust air and ensures a balanced air volume flow through the blower unit for the supply air via a control system/control. This results in the following advantages over a system with feedback. Any number of decentralized blower arrangements with different air flow rates can be used. Only the total amount of exhaust air from all individual decentralized fan arrangements must not exceed the maximum flow rate of the supply air fan. No control lines are required between decentralized fan arrangements and the controller. The number of decentralized blower arrangements is not limited and the ventilation system is only regulated and balanced via the exhaust air volume that is actually conveyed.

In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung anhand eines Anlagenschemas schematisch dargestellt.In the drawing, the invention is shown schematically using a system diagram.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Luftaustausch in Gebäuden umfasst wenigstens zwei, im vorliegenden Fall drei Gebläseanordnungen 1, zum Absaugen von Abluft. Diese Gebläseanordnungen 1 umfassen üblicherweise eine in einem Gehäuse angeordnete Lüftereinheit, die mit einem Deckel vorne abgeschlossen ist, wobei zwischen Lüftereinheit und Deckel üblicherweise ein Filterelement angeordnet ist.A device according to the invention for air exchange in buildings comprises at least two, in the present case three, fan arrangements 1 for extracting exhaust air. These blower arrangements 1 usually include a fan unit arranged in a housing, which is closed at the front with a cover, with a filter element usually being arranged between the fan unit and the cover.

Zur Ansteuerung dieser Gebläseanordnungen 1 ist eine Steuereinrichtung 2 vorgesehen, welche die einzelnen Abluftmengen registriert und die Zuluft danach einstellt. Die Luftmengen der Gebläseanordnungen können einzeln über integrierte oder externe Steuerungen verändert werden. Zusätzlich kann die Luftmenge zentral über eine Fernsteuerung/Schaltelement 13 eingestellt werden. Die einzelnen Abluftleitungen 3 der Gebläseanordnungen münden in eine gemeinsame Abluftleitung 4. Des Weiteren ist wenigsten eine Zuluftleitung 5 zum Einbringen von Zuluft in das Gebäude vorgesehen, welche Zuluftleitung 5 in mehrere Stichleitungen 6 verzweigt. Die Frischluft wird über die Stichleitungen 6 an den vorgegebenen Stellen in das Gebäude eingebracht. Der Zuluftleitung 5 ist eine "zentrale bzw. gemeinsame" Gebläseeinheit 7 zugeordnet, wobei die Steuerung 2 die Zuluftmenge in der Zuluftleitung 5 gleich hoch vorgibt, wie in der Abluftleitung 4, also der Summe der Abluftmengen der dezentralen Gebläseanordnungen 1.To control these fan arrangements 1, a control device 2 is provided, which registers the individual quantities of exhaust air and adjusts the supply air accordingly. The air volumes of the fan arrangements can be changed individually via integrated or external controls. Additionally can the amount of air can be set centrally via a remote control/switching element 13. The individual exhaust air lines 3 of the blower arrangements open into a common exhaust air line 4 . Furthermore, at least one air supply line 5 is provided for introducing air into the building, which air supply line 5 branches into a number of branch lines 6 . The fresh air is introduced into the building via the branch lines 6 at the specified points. A "central or common" blower unit 7 is assigned to the supply air line 5, with the controller 2 specifying the same amount of supply air in the supply air line 5 as in the exhaust air line 4, i.e. the sum of the exhaust air quantities of the decentralized fan arrangements 1.

Die Anschlussleitungen 3 der dezentralen Gebläseanordnungen 1 sind an die gemeinsame Abluftleitung 4 angeschlossen, in deren Strömungsweg ein Wärmetauscher 8 angeordnet ist, der zwecks Vorwärmung der Zuluft ebenfalls an die Zuluftleitung 5 angeschlossen ist. Die Zuluft tritt in das Gebäude durch eine Öffnung 10 ein und die Abluft durch eine Öffnung 9 aus. Des Weiteren ist in der Zuluftleitung 5, im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Wärmetauscher 8 und nach Gebläse 7 ein Schalldämpfer 11 angeordnet. Des Weiteren verzweigt die Zuluftleitung 5, wie bereits erwähnt, in mehrere Stichleitungen 6, über welche die Einbringung der Frischluft in die jeweiligen Räumlichkeiten erfolgt. Diese Stichleitungen 6 sind endseitig mit Luftdurchlassventilen 12 ausgestattet. Mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung kann die Abluft dezentral abgesaugt werden, wobei die einzelnen Entlüftungsgeräte von einer Grundlaststufe, in der beispielsweise 30m3/h abgesaugt werden können, beispielsweise auf eine Bedarfslüftung von 60m3/h hochgeschaltet werden können. Einzelne Lüfter können beispielsweise mit Nachlaufrelais ausgestattet sein, wie dies beispielsweise in Feuchträumen, Küchen oder dgl. von Vorteil sein kann. Sie können mit Lichtschaltern oder mit gesonderten Schalteinrichtungen geschaltet werden bzw. kann die jeweilige Schaltstufe von der Steuereinheit vorgegeben werden. In jedem Fall wird die geförderte Abluftmenge von der Steuereinheit 2 erfasst und die in das Gebäude einzubringende Zuluftmenge über die Gebläseeinheit 7 entsprechend nachgeregelt.The connecting lines 3 of the decentralized fan arrangements 1 are connected to the common exhaust air line 4, in whose flow path a heat exchanger 8 is arranged, which is also connected to the air supply line 5 for the purpose of preheating the supply air. The supply air enters the building through an opening 10 and the exhaust air exits through an opening 9 . Furthermore, a silencer 11 is arranged in the supply air line 5 , in the exemplary embodiment after the heat exchanger 8 and after the blower 7 . Furthermore, the supply air line 5 branches, as already mentioned, into a number of branch lines 6, via which the fresh air is introduced into the respective premises. These branch lines 6 are equipped with air passage valves 12 at the ends. With such a device, the exhaust air can be extracted decentrally, with the individual ventilation devices being able to be switched up from a base load level in which, for example, 30m 3 /h can be extracted, to a ventilation requirement of 60m 3 /h, for example. Individual fans can, for example, be equipped with delay relays, which can be advantageous, for example, in wet rooms, kitchens or the like. They can be switched with light switches or with separate switching devices, or the respective switching stage can be specified by the control unit. In any case, the conveyed amount of exhaust air is recorded by the control unit 2 and the amount of supply air to be introduced into the building is readjusted accordingly via the blower unit 7 .

Claims (7)

  1. Apparatus for air exchange in buildings having at least two decentralised fan arrangements (1) for extracting exhaust air, having integrated controllers and/or a control device (13) for controlling the exhaust air quantity to be extracted and having at least one supply air line (5) for introducing supply air into the building, wherein a fan unit (7) is allocated to the supply air line (5), and wherein the apparatus has a further controller (2) which is configured to activate the fan unit (7) for the supply air such that the supply air quantity corresponds to the sum of the exhaust air quantities of the decentralised fan arrangements (1), characterised in that the supply air line (5) branches into a plurality of stub lines (6), wherein the stub lines (6) are equipped on the end side in each case with an air passage valve (12).
  2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that a sensor controller is allocated to the fan arrangements (1).
  3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the sensor controller comprises a time, follow-up, interval, humidity, light, remote, CO2 and/or movement controller.
  4. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that connection lines (3) of the decentralised fan arrangements (1) are connected into a common exhaust air line (4), in the flow path of which a heat exchanger (8) is arranged which is likewise connected to the supply air line (5) for the purpose of preheating the supply air.
  5. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a silencer (11) is arranged in the supply air line (5).
  6. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that a humidity sensor module having air-conditioning logic is integrated in the fan arrangements (1) for extraction purposes, said humidity sensor module being configured, in the event of a humidity increase of at least 5% within 15 minutes, to immediately switch on the fan arrangement (1) when the 5% limit is reached, but at the earliest at a relative air humidity of 55%.
  7. Method for air exchange in a building, the exhaust air of which is extracted with at least two decentralised fan arrangements, characterised in that the same quantity of extracted exhaust air is introduced into the building with a central fan and is subsequently distributed by means of stub lines, and in that the supply air is introduced into the building via air passage valves which are allocated to the stub line ends.
EP16200481.6A 2015-11-27 2016-11-24 Device for air exchange in buildings Active EP3173706B1 (en)

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DE102019101101B4 (en) * 2019-01-16 2022-08-18 Blumartin Gmbh Central apartment ventilation unit with secondary room exhaust air transport and ventilation method for this
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JPH07293974A (en) * 1994-04-27 1995-11-10 Kajima Corp Atmosphere treating system
JP2002243238A (en) * 2001-02-14 2002-08-28 Maxshinwa Co Ltd Ventilation system and ventilation equipment for building

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US4497242A (en) * 1982-02-11 1985-02-05 Barber-Colman Company Ventilation control system
DE4135130C2 (en) * 1991-10-24 1996-07-11 Schako Metallwarenfabrik Ventilation system for living rooms in apartments
JP3480877B2 (en) * 1995-09-14 2003-12-22 東芝キヤリア株式会社 Whole building air conditioning control system
DE102014106824A1 (en) * 2014-05-14 2015-11-19 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein Compact ventilation unit with individually controllable air handling units

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JPH07293974A (en) * 1994-04-27 1995-11-10 Kajima Corp Atmosphere treating system
JP2002243238A (en) * 2001-02-14 2002-08-28 Maxshinwa Co Ltd Ventilation system and ventilation equipment for building

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