Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
  • C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
  • C10M107/10—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation containing aliphatic monomer having more than 4 carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
  • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/74—Noack Volatility
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
  • C10N2060/02—Reduction, e.g. hydrogenation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions

Definitions

• the invention relates to a transmission oil.
• Mechanical gearboxes are used in mechanical and automotive engineering for speed and torque conversion. In motor vehicle construction, they serve, in particular, to adapt a suitable operating window of the drive machine used (as a rule an internal combustion engine) to the operating state of the vehicle.
• the gear oil regularly takes on an additional function in those components that produce or disconnect the frictional connection between the engine and transmission.
• It may be a hydraulic torque converter, alternatively mechanical friction clutches are used, for example in the so-called dual-clutch transmissions.
• a torque converter in the automatic transmission this is often used only for the purpose of starting and restoring the frictional connection after a switching operation, in stable operation, the converter is often bridged by a mechanical friction clutch (converter bridging) to avoid efficiency losses due to the continuous operation of a hydraulic converter.
• gear oil must be used in addition to the lubrication and cooling of moving parts in addition to hydraulic oil (hydraulic torque converter) or for setting defined coefficients of friction in wet running (running in the transmission oil) mechanical clutches, for example in dual-clutch transmissions or in torque converter lockup torque converter.
• Gear oils regularly have a base oil and additives to adjust the desired properties. It is already known from prior public use to use synthetically produced base oils which allow a more accurate definition or adjustment of the desired properties of the oil.
• the invention is based on the object to provide a transmission oil, which is particularly suitable for use in vehicle transmissions and combines good lubrication properties with high energy efficiency.
• gear oil base oil as a polyalphaolefin (PAO) with a viscosity kV100 of 3 mm 2 / s or less and a loss of evaporation (DIN ISO 51 581 Part 1, 200 ° C, 1h, Noack test) of 15 mass% or less.
• PAO polyalphaolefin
• gear oil designates a suitable for use in mechanical transmissions oil, especially for use in transmissions of vehicles, more preferably road vehicles, more preferably cars and light commercial vehicles.
• a transmission oil according to the invention may in particular be designed as Double Clutch Transmission Fluid (DCTF), Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF), and Manual Transmission Fluid (MTF).
• DCTF Double Clutch Transmission Fluid
• ATF Automatic Transmission Fluid
• MTF Manual Transmission Fluid
• it can be inventively designed both for dual-clutch transmission with wet-running as well as with dry-running clutch.
• Also included in this category are (rarely used) transmission oils for automated manual transmissions with only one mechanical clutch.
• the base oil is the basis of the gear oil and usually the carrier for the other ingredients that allow adjustment of the desired properties.
• the base oil itself participates in the setting of the desired properties.
• the base oil may, but need not, be the essential ingredient of the ingredients.
• the base oil is also commonly referred to as control oil.
• the base oil used according to the invention is a specific category of polyalphaolefins (PAO). These are defined by a specified in the claim upper limit of the viscosity and the evaporation loss.
• PAO polyalphaolefins
• the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C is determined in the laboratory according to DIN EN ISO 3104: 1999-12.
• the flow time of a certain volume of liquid is measured under the influence of gravity through the capillary of a calibrated viscometer, under reproducible pressure gradient and at precisely controlled temperature.
• the kinematic viscosity is the product of the measured flow time and the calibration constant of the viscometer.
• the evaporation loss is determined in the laboratory according to DIN ISO 51 581 Part 1. In this so-called noack test, the percentage mass loss of an oil after 1 h at 200 ° C is determined. A preferred upper limit of the evaporation loss is 10% by mass.
• the invention has recognized that a base oil with the claimed combination of properties enables a very energy-efficient operation of a transmission. This is of particular importance in determining the CO2 emission of motor vehicles in a test cycle, such as the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) prescribed in Europe for vehicle acceptance.
• NEDC New European Driving Cycle
• the knowledge according to the invention that it is not just the viscosity of the entire gear oil that matters, but the viscosity of the base oil used plays an essential role is surprising.
• a non-binding and non-limiting explanation is that much of the energy is consumed in the high-speed bearings of the transmission.
• Gear oils of the same kV100, but with lower base oil viscosity consume significantly less energy here, as they regularly contain high-polymeric VI improvers, which are in the flow direction at the high flow rates in modern sliding and rolling bearings and thus to a reduction contribute to the dynamic viscosity.
• This is the known temporary shear loss, which is reversible and, with decreasing flow velocity, again leads to an increase back to the original viscosity.
• the invention also defined low evaporation loss causes a gear oil based on such a base oil has a high long-term stability even at regularly high operating temperatures. This is particularly important if the transmission oil is a DCTF or ATF. It is then regularly exposed to high thermal stress, since it must absorb and dissipate frictional heat from clutch linings. On the other hand, it must have substantially constant and defined coefficients of friction over the entire service life, since only so a defined operation of the clutch and thus the vehicle during startup and switching operations is possible.
• the base oil contains a PAO obtainable by dimerization and hydrogenation of a C 12 and / or C 14 ⁇ -olefin. More preferably, it is based on or consists of it.
• PAOs known in the art are prepared by oligomerization of 1-decene hydrocarbons which are then hydrogenated and then fractionated into the various kV100 fractions of 2.0; 4.0; 6.0 and 8.0 mm 2 / s etc. are decomposed
• the PAO according to the invention is a defined species, which is composed of the dimer of two C12 and / or C14- ⁇ -olefins, so that after subsequent hydrogenation saturated C24H50 or C26H54 hydrocarbon is formed.
• the base oil contains a PAO obtainable by trimerization and hydrogenation of a C8- ⁇ -olefin. This also gives a saturated C24H50 hydrocarbon.
• Base oils based on these PAOs have the inventive combination of low viscosity and high resistance to evaporation. They permit the production of gear oils according to the invention which combine high energy efficiency with long-term stability at defined properties that are essentially constant over the service life, in particular frictional properties.
• the ⁇ -olefins used are preferably unbranched olefins. This contributes to the setting of defined, consistent properties of the base oil.
• the PAO content of a gear oil according to the invention is 10 to 95 mass%, more preferably 30 to 95 mass%, 50 to 95 mass%, 70 to 95 mass%, 70 to 90 mass% and 75 to 90 mass%.
• the gear oil has a total viscosity kV100 of 7 mm 2 / s or less and an evaporation loss (DIN ISO 51 581 Part 1, 200 ° C, 1 h, Noack test) of 10 mass% or less , Further preferred upper limit values for the viscosity kV 100 are 7.0; 5.5; 4.0; 3.5 and 3.3 mm 2 / s under the measurement conditions given above.
• the combination of said viscosity for the base oil on the one hand and the entire gear oil on the other hand leads to particularly advantageous properties in terms of energy efficiency.
• Another object of the invention is the use of a polyalphaolefin (PAO) having a viscosity kV100 of 3 mm 2 / s or less and an evaporation loss (DIN ISO 51 581 Part 1, 200 ° C, 1 h, Noack test) of 15% by mass or less than base oil in the production of a gear oil.
• PAO polyalphaolefin
• PAO 2.5 As the oil according to the invention, a PAO designated PAO 2.5 is used which has been obtained by dimerization and hydrogenation of a C 12 -alpha-olefin. It has a kV 100 of 2.5 mm 2 / s.
• Prior art PAO's are prepared by oligomerization of 1-decene hydrocarbons which are then hydrogenated and then fractionated into the various kV100 fractions of 2.0; 4.0; 6.0 and 8.0 mm 2 / s etc. are disassembled.
• PAO 2 has a kV 100 of 2 mm 2 / s, thus also a low viscosity like the base oil of the present invention.

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Citations (6)

• 2015
  • 2015-11-30 EP EP15197078.7A patent/EP3173462A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (6)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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