EP3169529B1 - Method for operating a device for producing printed matter - Google Patents

Method for operating a device for producing printed matter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3169529B1
EP3169529B1 EP15749733.0A EP15749733A EP3169529B1 EP 3169529 B1 EP3169529 B1 EP 3169529B1 EP 15749733 A EP15749733 A EP 15749733A EP 3169529 B1 EP3169529 B1 EP 3169529B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unit
cross cutter
processing speed
downstream
units
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EP15749733.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3169529A1 (en
Inventor
Werner Ladner
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BW Papersystems Stuttgart GmbH
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BW Papersystems Stuttgart GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42CBOOKBINDING
    • B42C19/00Multi-step processes for making books
    • B42C19/08Conveying between operating stations in machines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F13/00Common details of rotary presses or machines
    • B41F13/54Auxiliary folding, cutting, collecting or depositing of sheets or webs
    • B41F13/56Folding or cutting
    • B41F13/60Folding or cutting crosswise
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F13/00Common details of rotary presses or machines
    • B41F13/54Auxiliary folding, cutting, collecting or depositing of sheets or webs
    • B41F13/64Collecting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F13/00Common details of rotary presses or machines
    • B41F13/54Auxiliary folding, cutting, collecting or depositing of sheets or webs
    • B41F13/70Depositing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0009Central control units
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/16Programming systems for automatic control of sequence of operations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42CBOOKBINDING
    • B42C19/00Multi-step processes for making books
    • B42C19/06Multi-step processes for making books starting with webs not provided for elsewhere
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
    • B41P2213/00Arrangements for actuating or driving printing presses; Auxiliary devices or processes
    • B41P2213/70Driving devices associated with particular installations or situations
    • B41P2213/73Driving devices for multicolour presses
    • B41P2213/734Driving devices for multicolour presses each printing unit being driven by its own electric motor, i.e. electric shaft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO BOOKS, FILING APPLIANCES OR THE LIKE
    • B42P2261/00Manufacturing; Forming
    • B42P2261/04Producing books by printing sheets in following order, e.g. for ordering via the Internet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a device for producing printed matter, comprising a Abrolliser for providing paper to be printed, wherein the Abrolliser a printing unit is arranged downstream, which prints the paper, wherein the printing unit is arranged downstream of a cross cutter, which fed him endlessly printed paper transverse to the feed direction, so that individual printed sheets are provided, wherein the cross cutter is arranged downstream of a collecting unit for collecting the sheets fed thereto, wherein the collecting unit is arranged downstream of a feeder unit, wherein the feeder unit is arranged downstream of at least one further unit for finishing the printed matter to be produced , according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • WO 2013/003839 A1 is a printing machine consisting of at least one printing unit, a cutting cylinder and a folding unit known.
  • the number of sheets to be collected, which are then to be folded, can be flexibly varied by means of a controller.
  • the collection unit can be controlled based on the given printed matter.
  • From the EP 2 286 996 A1 is a method for synchronizing several individual drives on a common drive position known.
  • a single drive is selected from the drive network as a reference drive.
  • a purely virtually generated drive-independent master axis position is specified for the individual drives.
  • a correction or readjustment speed is generated taking into account the master axis movement profile and the current position of the reference drive.
  • the resulting reference speed is passed on to the drive network so that the individual drives can lock themselves in each case independently.
  • the individual drives are controlled in such a way that they run synchronously to the reference drive. In this way, a synchronization of the individual drives is achieved.
  • the DE 10 2012 103 679 A1 discloses a production planning and production control system of a digital printing machine and at least one further processing device with a digital printing planning module.
  • a printing press computer exchanges synchronization data with the further processing computer so that the operation of the digital printing press is coordinated with the operation of the downstream processing device downstream of the digital printing press.
  • the speed of the digital printing press can be matched to the further processing speed of one or each further processing device.
  • processing speed set by the printing unit for example, can not easily be changed at the downstream units because they are connected to each other via mechanical elements (such as gears or the like).
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for operating a device, in particular for digital printing, with a flexible operation of the device is possible.
  • This object is achieved in that the units are operated in front of the cross cutter and the cross cutter depending on the processing speed of at least one of the cross cutter downstream unit.
  • This has the advantage that the output of the unit which precedes the cross cutter, in particular the printing unit, can be adapted to the processing speed of the downstream units.
  • overall the processing speed and thus also the number of printed matters to be produced per unit of time increase, since the output of the printing unit is no longer slowed down by the processing speed of the downstream units as before.
  • the units downstream of the cross cutter or the printing unit can be operated at their optimum processing speed and the processing speed of the units in front of the cross cutter and the cross cutter itself can be adapted to this processing speed.
  • the processing speed is determined by the smallest (that is to say the slowest) processing speed with which a unit downstream of the cross cutter is operated. This advantageously ensures that the processing speeds of the individual units, which are different from one another, determine the processing speed with which the units upstream of the cross cutter and / or the processing speed of the cross cutter itself determine.
  • the processing speeds of at least one, in particular all, the cross cutter downstream unit are detected and fed to a control unit.
  • the control unit calculates a processing speed with which the units in front of the cross cutter and the cross cutter itself are operated.
  • the processing speed of the unwinding unit, the printing unit and the cross cutter therefore depends on at least one of the downstream units, wherein the processing unit speed of the downstream unit is detected by the control unit and fed to it in a particularly advantageous manner is the smallest, that is, slowest processing speed.
  • this detected Processing speed are the upstream of the cross cutter units and / or the cross cutter operated itself.
  • the units in front of the cross cutter and / or the cross cutter as a slave and the units downstream of the cross cutter are combined as a master, wherein the processing speed of the slave depends on the processing speed of the master.
  • the processing speed with which the upstream slave is operated depends on the maximum possible processing speed of the master, so that overall the processing speed during the production of a series of printed matter can be further increased.
  • a digital printing unit is used as the printing unit.
  • Such a digital printing unit in this case has the particular advantage that its processing speed, that is to say the printing of the continuous paper, can be adapted to the processing speed of the downstream units. This means that it is no longer the printing unit but the subordinate units that determine the processing speed, and thus the timing for the production of the series of prints.
  • the basis for the present invention is a device 1, in particular for digital printing.
  • the starting point for this printing process is a unwinding unit 2 of the device 1, on which a paper roll is held in a manner known per se and unrolled in accordance with the subsequent printing process.
  • the subsequent printing process is carried out by a digital printing unit 3, which is arranged downstream of the Abrolliser 2 and the paper rolled there is fed for printing.
  • the unrolled from the unwinding unit 2 and supplied to the digital printing unit 3 paper is first printed and leaves the digital printing unit 3 in the form of a quasi-endless web.
  • This quasi-endless web is fed to a cross cutter 4, which cuts across the quasi-endless web that is printed according to the predetermined format of the printed matter, thereby initially setting a format of the later printed matter (optionally with the addition of tolerances) becomes.
  • a collecting unit 5 After the cutting process of the cross cutter 4 this is followed by a collecting unit 5.
  • This collecting unit 5 individual pages of the printed matter to be finished later can be collected and aligned as required (optional).
  • the collecting unit 5 in turn is followed by a feeder unit 6.
  • This feeder unit 6 causes the individual sheets provided there to be stacked into a desired stack, that is, collected, and put together in a position where further processing is to take place. If the collecting unit 5 does not exist in a case not belonging to the invention, it is conceivable that the printed matters leaving the cross cutter 4 are fed directly to the feeder unit 6.
  • the investor unit 6 may, but need not be followed by a switch 7. With this switch, it is possible to eject test prints, for example, to check for quality of the printing process out.
  • a stapling and folding unit 8 The output from the investor unit 6 stack with the printed matter, which are not discharged via the existing switch 7, a stapling and folding unit 8 are supplied. With this unit 8, the hitherto located in the pile printed matter depending on the desired format of the finished printed matter stapled and / or folded. Other forms of bringing together the individual sheets of the printed matter are of course also conceivable.
  • the individual sheets of printed matter After the individual sheets of printed matter have been brought together permanently, they are fed to a cutting unit 9. By means of the cutting unit 9, the added tolerances of the individual merged sheets of printed matter can be removed to the finished format of the final printed matter.
  • a discharge unit 10 At the end of the cutting unit 9 is followed by a discharge unit 10, in which the finished printed matter for further use, for example, the package in desired containers, are supplied.
  • the digital printing unit 3 is the master for the entire printing, cutting and filing process.
  • the units following the digital printing unit 3 are connected together as a slave. This means that the digital printing unit 3 as master sets the clock for the subsequent processes and these must follow the prescribed clock of the master.
  • this master-slave principle is reversed, that is, that the printing unit, in particular the digital printing unit 3, downstream devices work as a master and advantageously the slave (in particular the printing unit) specified the processing speed or the clock.
  • a quasi-continuous paper sheet having a predetermined width is supplied to the digital printing unit 3.
  • a register mark is printed on a register mark, which in addition to the actual printed matter on the paper by means of the digital printing unit 3. With this register mark recognizes the subsequent cross cutter 4, at which point the supplied quasi-endless web must be cut across.
  • This printed matter may be one, two or more than two. This means that on the sheet leaving the cross cutter 4, a single page of a later finished printed matter with a given length and width is available. Often, however, a printed sheet will be available which includes two or more sheets of printed matter to be finished later.
  • the units following the digital printing unit 3 are connected individually, in groups or all together as a master. One, several or all of these units thus form the master for the entire printing, cutting and filing process and specify the clock. This means that the digital printing unit 3 must act as a slave after the predetermined clock for their printing process.
  • the cross cutter 4 and the following units up to the outlet unit 10 can be controlled individually by means of actuators by the control unit 11 with regard to the processing format of the fed sheets. It is thus possible, via a single command of the control unit 11, to command the units controlled by it, in particular the cross cutter 4, the collecting unit 5, the feeder unit 6, the stitching and folding unit 8 and the cutting unit 9, from a predetermined one , in particular previously processed format, to switch to a different format. For example, it is possible for the digital printing unit 3 to print sheets that correspond to the other two-size format. These sheets are processed by appropriate format setting of the subsequent unit. If a changeover from a two-in-one format to a three-in-one format is now to take place, this can be done centrally by the control unit 11.
  • This process can be arbitrarily controlled by a corresponding input in the control unit 11.
  • This process can be arbitrarily controlled by a corresponding input in the control unit 11.
  • the switching within the one-used, two-used and maximum three-purpose formats as this the expense of actuators and the structural conditions in the respective units and optionally the associated sensors that detect the switchover from one to the other format, manageable remains.
  • the digital printing unit 3 can provide the printed sheets, depending on the provided printed quasi-endless web leaving the digital printing unit 3, the subsequent units of these printed sheets in response to the clock at which this digital printing unit 3 leave, process.
  • the flexible timing of the subsequent process has the particular advantage that withdrawals of sheets on the switch 7, but also other disturbances (for example paper jam) in the process, which is the digital printing unit 3 downstream, can be compensated or compensated without the entire device 1 to stop.
  • the units following the cross cutter 4 are connected individually, in groups or all together as a master. One, several or all of these units thus form the master for the entire printing, cutting and filing process and set the beat. This means that the digital printing unit 3 must act as a slave after the predetermined clock for their printing process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Handling Of Sheets (AREA)
  • Folding Of Thin Sheet-Like Materials, Special Discharging Devices, And Others (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Einrichtung zum Herstellen von Drucksachen, aufweisend eine Abrolleinheit zur Bereitstellung von zu bedruckendem Papier, wobei der Abrolleinheit eine Druckeinheit nachgeordnet ist, die das Papier bedruckt, wobei der Druckeinheit ein Querschneider nachgeordnet ist, der das ihm endlos zugeführte bedruckte Papier quer zur Vorschubrichtung schneidet, sodass einzelne bedruckte Bögen bereitgestellt werden, wobei dem Querschneider eine Sammeleinheit zum Sammeln der ihm zugeführten Bögen nachgeordnet ist, wobei der Sammeleinheit eine Anlegereinheit nachgeordnet ist, wobei der Anlegereinheit zumindest eine weitere Einheit zum Fertigstellen der herzustellenden Drucksache nachgeordnet ist, gemäß den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a method for operating a device for producing printed matter, comprising a Abrolleinheit for providing paper to be printed, wherein the Abrolleinheit a printing unit is arranged downstream, which prints the paper, wherein the printing unit is arranged downstream of a cross cutter, which fed him endlessly printed paper transverse to the feed direction, so that individual printed sheets are provided, wherein the cross cutter is arranged downstream of a collecting unit for collecting the sheets fed thereto, wherein the collecting unit is arranged downstream of a feeder unit, wherein the feeder unit is arranged downstream of at least one further unit for finishing the printed matter to be produced , according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der WO 2013/003839 A1 ist eine Druckmaschine bestehend aus wenigstens einer Druckeinheit, einem Schneidzylinder und einer Falzeinheit bekannt. Die Anzahl der zu sammelnden Blätter, die anschließend gefaltet werden sollen, kann mithilfe einer Steuerung auf flexible Weise variiert werden. Die Sammeleinheit kann dabei anhand der vorgegebenen Drucksache gesteuert werden.From the WO 2013/003839 A1 is a printing machine consisting of at least one printing unit, a cutting cylinder and a folding unit known. The number of sheets to be collected, which are then to be folded, can be flexibly varied by means of a controller. The collection unit can be controlled based on the given printed matter.

Aus der EP 2 286 996 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Synchronisierung mehrerer Einzelantriebe auf eine gemeinsame Antriebsposition bekannt. Dabei wird ein Einzelantrieb aus dem Antriebsverbund als Referenzantrieb ausgewählt. Unabhängig von den Einzelantrieben wird eine rein virtuell generierte antriebsunabhängige Leitachslage den Einzelantrieben vorgegeben. Es wird eine Korrektur- bzw. Nachstellgeschwindigkeit unter Berücksichtigung des Leitachsbewegungsprofils und der aktuellen Position des Referenzantriebes generiert. Die daraus resultierende Referenzgeschwindigkeit wird an den Antriebsverbund weitergegeben, damit sich die Einzelantriebe jeweils für sich dezentral einriegeln können. Die Einzelantriebe regeln sich derart ein, dass sie synchron zum Referenzantrieb laufen. Auf diese Weise wird eine Synchronisierung der Einzelantriebe erreicht.From the EP 2 286 996 A1 is a method for synchronizing several individual drives on a common drive position known. In this case, a single drive is selected from the drive network as a reference drive. Regardless of the individual drives, a purely virtually generated drive-independent master axis position is specified for the individual drives. A correction or readjustment speed is generated taking into account the master axis movement profile and the current position of the reference drive. The resulting reference speed is passed on to the drive network so that the individual drives can lock themselves in each case independently. The individual drives are controlled in such a way that they run synchronously to the reference drive. In this way, a synchronization of the individual drives is achieved.

Aus der EP 1 288 015 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur wenigstens teilweisen taktgebundenen Herstellung gebundener Druckerzeugnisse wie Bücher, Zeitschriften, Magazine oder dergleichen bekannt. Die bedruckten, quergeschnittenen und quergefalzten Druckbögen können wahlweise einer Klebebindung oder einer sattelförmigen Förderauflage zur Klammerheftung zugeführt werden. Somit lassen sich sowohl klebegebundene als auch auf einem Sattelklammer geheftete Druckerzeugnisse fertigen.From the EP 1 288 015 A1 a method for at least partial clock-bound production of bound printed products such as books, magazines, magazines or the like is known. The printed, cross-cut and cross-folded sheets can be fed either to an adhesive binding or to a saddle-shaped conveyor support for stapling. Thus, both bonded as well as stapled on a saddle clip printed products can be finished.

Die DE 10 2012 103 679 A1 offenbart ein Produktionsplanungs- und Produktionssteuerungssystem einer Digitaldruckmaschine und mindestens einer Weiterverarbeitungseinrichtung mit einem Digitaldruck-Planungsmodul. Ein Druckmaschinenrechner tauscht mit dem Weiterverarbeitungsrechner Synchronisierungsdaten aus, damit der Betrieb der Digitaldruckmaschine auf den Betrieb der der Digitaldruckmaschine nachgelagerten Weiterverarbeitungseinrichtung abgestimmt ist. Die Geschwindigkeit der Digitaldruckmaschine kann auf die Weiterverarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit einer oder jeder Weiterverarbeitungseinrichtung abgestimmt sein.The DE 10 2012 103 679 A1 discloses a production planning and production control system of a digital printing machine and at least one further processing device with a digital printing planning module. A printing press computer exchanges synchronization data with the further processing computer so that the operation of the digital printing press is coordinated with the operation of the downstream processing device downstream of the digital printing press. The speed of the digital printing press can be matched to the further processing speed of one or each further processing device.

Bei diesen bekannten Einrichtungen ist es immer erforderlich, dass der gesamte Herstellungsprozess vom Abrollen des Papiers von der Abrolleinheit bis zum Fertigstellen der herzustellenden Drucksache ununterbrochen läuft, um Drucksachen in hoher Stückzahl herstellen zu können. Allerdings kann es dann zu Problemen im Herstellungsprozess kommen, wenn z. B. ein Papierstau auftritt oder bedruckte und geschnittene Bögen zur Qualitätskontrolle entnommen werden sollen. In solchen Fällen ist nicht mehr gewährleistet, dass die dem Querschneider nachgeordneten Einheiten mit der gleichen Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit bzw. mit dem entsprechenden Takt arbeiten, der von der Druckeinheit vorgegeben wird.In these prior art devices, it is always required that the entire manufacturing process of unrolling the paper from the unwinding unit to the completion of the printed matter to be produced is continuous to be able to produce printed matter in large numbers. However, it can then lead to problems in the manufacturing process, if z. B. a paper jam occurs or printed and cut sheets are to be taken for quality control. In such cases, it is no longer possible to ensure that the units downstream of the cross cutter operate at the same processing speed or with the corresponding clock specified by the printing unit.

Ein weiteres Problem besteht darin, dass die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit, die von der Druckeinheit beispielsweise vorgegeben wird, nicht ohne Weiteres bei den nachgeordneten Einheiten geändert werden kann, weil diese über mechanische Elemente (wie z. B. Getriebe oder dergleichen) miteinander verbunden sind.Another problem is that the processing speed set by the printing unit, for example, can not easily be changed at the downstream units because they are connected to each other via mechanical elements (such as gears or the like).

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Einrichtung insbesondere für den Digitaldruck bereitzustellen, mit der ein flexibler Betrieb der Einrichtung möglich ist.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for operating a device, in particular for digital printing, with a flexible operation of the device is possible.

Diese Aufgabe ist dadurch gelöst, dass die Einheiten vor dem Querschneider und der Querschneider in Abhängigkeit von der Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit zumindest einer der dem Querschneider nachgeordneten Einheit betrieben werden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass sich der Ausstoß der dem Querschneider vorgeordneten Einheit, insbesondere der Druckeinheit, der Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit der nachgeordneten Einheiten anpassen kann. Dadurch erhöht sich insgesamt die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit und damit auch die Anzahl der pro Zeiteinheit herzustellenden Drucksachen, da nicht mehr wie bisher der Ausstoß der Druckeinheit von der Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit der nachgeordneten Einheiten gebremst wird. Denn in vorteilhafter Weise können die dem Querschneider bzw. der Druckeinheit nachgeordneten Einheiten mit ihrer optimalen Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit betrieben werden und die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit der Einheiten vor dem Querschneider und des Querschneiders selber dieser Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit angepasst werden. Dadurch erhöht sich auch die Flexibilität des Verfahrens zum Betreiben einer solchen Einrichtung, da es bei Formatumstellungen möglich ist, die bisherige Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit zur Herstellung einer ersten Drucksachenserie an eine andere Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit einer danach herzustellenden anderen Drucksachenserie anzupassen. Hierzu ist es auf einfache Art und Weise möglich, für diefolgendeherzustellende Drucksachenserie, die eine bestimmte Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit nach dem Querschneider bedingt, vorzugeben und die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit der Einheiten vor dem Querschneider und des Querschneiders selber, das heißt deren Ausstoß, an die maximal mögliche vorgegebene Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit der nachgeordneten Einheiten anzupassen. Das bedeutet in vorteilhafter Weise, dass, sobald der Querschneider aktiv wird (d.h. von der Endlospapierbahn einen Bogen abgeschnitten hat), der Bogen der nachfolgenden Einheit zugeführt und dort bearbeitet werden kann und so weiter, bis das fertige Produkt zur Verfügung steht. Ein Ausschleusen leerer geschnittener Bögen, bis der Querschneider im Takt ist mit den nachfolgenden Einheiten, entfällt.This object is achieved in that the units are operated in front of the cross cutter and the cross cutter depending on the processing speed of at least one of the cross cutter downstream unit. This has the advantage that the output of the unit which precedes the cross cutter, in particular the printing unit, can be adapted to the processing speed of the downstream units. As a result, overall the processing speed and thus also the number of printed matters to be produced per unit of time increase, since the output of the printing unit is no longer slowed down by the processing speed of the downstream units as before. For advantageously, the units downstream of the cross cutter or the printing unit can be operated at their optimum processing speed and the processing speed of the units in front of the cross cutter and the cross cutter itself can be adapted to this processing speed. This also increases the flexibility of the method for operating such a device, since it is possible with format changes to adapt the previous processing speed for producing a first series of printing series to a different processing speed of a different series of printing pages to be produced thereafter. For this purpose, it is possible in a simple manner, for the following series of printed matter to be produced, which has a certain processing speed after the printing process Requires cross cutter, pretend and adjust the processing speed of the units in front of the cross cutter and the cross cutter itself, that is their output to the maximum possible predetermined processing speed of the downstream units. This advantageously means that as soon as the cross cutter becomes active (ie has cut a sheet from the continuous paper web), the sheet can be fed to and processed by the subsequent unit and so on until the finished product is available. An ejection of empty cut sheets until the cross cutter is in tact with the following units, is eliminated.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit durch die kleinste (das heißt langsamste) Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit, mit der eine dem Querschneider nachgeordnete Einheit betrieben wird, bestimmt. Damit ist in vorteilhafter Weise sichergestellt, dass die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeiten der einzelnen Einheiten, die voneinander unterschiedlich sind, diejenige Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit bestimmt, mit der die dem Querschneider vorgeschalteten Einheiten und/oder der Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit des Querschneiders selber bestimmen.In a development of the invention, the processing speed is determined by the smallest (that is to say the slowest) processing speed with which a unit downstream of the cross cutter is operated. This advantageously ensures that the processing speeds of the individual units, which are different from one another, determine the processing speed with which the units upstream of the cross cutter and / or the processing speed of the cross cutter itself determine.

Die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeiten zumindest der einen, insbesondere aller, dem Querschneider nachgeordneten Einheit werden erfasst und einer Steuereinheit zugeführt. Von der Steuereinheit wird eine Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit berechnet, mit der die Einheiten vor dem Querschneider und der Querschneider selber betrieben werden. Zum Betreiben einer Einrichtung zum Herstellen von Drucksachen richtet sich somit die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit der Abrolleinheit, der Druckeinheit und des Querschneiders nach zumindest einer der nachgeordneten Einheiten, wobei in besonders vorteilhafter Weise diejenige Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit der nachgeordneten Einheit von der Steuereinheit erfasst und dieser zugeführt wird, bei der es sich um die kleinste, das heißt langsamste Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit handelt. In Abhängigkeit von dieser erfassten Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit werden die dem Querschneider vorgeschalteten Einheiten und/oder der Querschneider selber betrieben.The processing speeds of at least one, in particular all, the cross cutter downstream unit are detected and fed to a control unit. The control unit calculates a processing speed with which the units in front of the cross cutter and the cross cutter itself are operated. For operating a device for producing printed matter, the processing speed of the unwinding unit, the printing unit and the cross cutter therefore depends on at least one of the downstream units, wherein the processing unit speed of the downstream unit is detected by the control unit and fed to it in a particularly advantageous manner is the smallest, that is, slowest processing speed. Depending on this detected Processing speed are the upstream of the cross cutter units and / or the cross cutter operated itself.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind die Einheiten vor dem Querschneider und/oder der Querschneider als Slave und die dem Querschneider nachgeordneten Einheiten als Master zusammengefasst, wobei sich die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit des Slave nach der Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit des Masters richtet. Hierdurch kann in besonders vorteilhafter Weise auf den Verarbeitungsprozess der bedruckten und geschnittenen Bögen zur Herstellung der Drucksache besonders dann flexibel reagiert werden, wenn von einer Drucksachenserie auf eine andere davon abweichende Drucksachenserie umgestellt wird. Denn dadurch richtet sich die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit, mit der der vorgeschaltete Slave betrieben wird, nach der maximal möglichen Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit des Masters, sodass dadurch insgesamt die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit bei der Herstellung einer Drucksachenserie weiter erhöht werden kann.In a further development of the invention, the units in front of the cross cutter and / or the cross cutter as a slave and the units downstream of the cross cutter are combined as a master, wherein the processing speed of the slave depends on the processing speed of the master. In this way, the processing of the printed and cut sheets for producing the printed matter can be reacted in a particularly advantageous manner in a flexible manner, especially when switching from one set of printing sets to another different series of printing sets. This is because the processing speed with which the upstream slave is operated depends on the maximum possible processing speed of the master, so that overall the processing speed during the production of a series of printed matter can be further increased.

Von besonderem Vorteil ist es, wenn als Druckeinheit eine Digitaldruckeinheit eingesetzt wird. Eine solche Digitaldruckeinheit hat in diesem Fall den besonderen Vorteil, dass ihre Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit, das heißt das Bedrucken des Endlospapiers, an die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit der nachgeordneten Einheiten angepasst erfolgen kann. Das bedeutet, dass nicht mehr wie bisher die Druckeinheit, sondern die nachgeordneten Einheiten die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit, mithin den Takt zur Herstellung der Drucksachenserie bestimmen.It is particularly advantageous if a digital printing unit is used as the printing unit. Such a digital printing unit in this case has the particular advantage that its processing speed, that is to say the printing of the continuous paper, can be adapted to the processing speed of the downstream units. This means that it is no longer the printing unit but the subordinate units that determine the processing speed, and thus the timing for the production of the series of prints.

Basis für die vorliegende Erfindung ist eine Einrichtung 1 insbesondere für den Digitaldruck.The basis for the present invention is a device 1, in particular for digital printing.

Mit dieser Einrichtung 1 für den Digitaldruck sollen schwarz-weiße oder farbige Drucksachen in kleinen Stückzahlen individuell hergestellt werden können. Ausgangspunkt für diesen Druckvorgang ist eine Abrolleinheit 2 der Einrichtung 1, auf der in an sich bekannter Weise eine Papierrolle vorgehalten und entsprechend des anschließenden Druckvorganges abgerollt wird.With this device 1 for digital printing, black-and-white or colored printed matters are to be produced individually in small numbers. The starting point for this printing process is a unwinding unit 2 of the device 1, on which a paper roll is held in a manner known per se and unrolled in accordance with the subsequent printing process.

Der anschließende Druckvorgang erfolgt durch eine Digitaldruckeinheit 3, der der Abrolleinheit 2 nachgeordnet ist und der das dort abgerollte Papier zwecks Bedruckung zugeführt wird.The subsequent printing process is carried out by a digital printing unit 3, which is arranged downstream of the Abrolleinheit 2 and the paper rolled there is fed for printing.

Das von der Abrolleinheit 2 abgerollte und der Digitaldruckeinheit 3 zugeführte Papier wird zunächst bedruckt und verlässt die Digitaldruckeinheit 3 in Form einer Quasi-Endlos-Bahn. Diese Quasi-Endlos-Bahn wird einem Querschneider 4 zugeführt, der entsprechend des vorgegebenen Formates der herzustellenden Drucksache die Quasi-Endlos-Bahn, die bedruckt ist, quer schneidet, wodurch zunächst das eine Format der späteren Drucksache (gegebenenfalls unter Zugabe von Toleranzen) eingestellt wird.The unrolled from the unwinding unit 2 and supplied to the digital printing unit 3 paper is first printed and leaves the digital printing unit 3 in the form of a quasi-endless web. This quasi-endless web is fed to a cross cutter 4, which cuts across the quasi-endless web that is printed according to the predetermined format of the printed matter, thereby initially setting a format of the later printed matter (optionally with the addition of tolerances) becomes.

Nach dem Schneideprozess des Querschneiders 4 schließt sich diesem eine Sammeleinheit 5 an. In dieser Sammeleinheit 5 können einzelne Seiten der später fertigzustellenden Drucksache gesammelt und soweit erforderlich ausgerichtet (optional) werden. Der Sammeleinheit 5 wiederum schließt sich eine Anlegereinheit 6 an. Diese Anlegereinheit 6 bewirkt, dass die dort bereitgestellten einzelnen Blätter zu einem gewünschten Stapel gestapelt, das heißt gesammelt werden und dabei in einer Position, in der die weitere Verarbeitung stattfinden soll, zusammen angelegt werden. Sollte die Sammeleinheit 5 in einem nicht zur Erfindung gehörenden Fall nicht vorhanden sein, ist es denkbar, dass die Drucksachen, die den Querschneider 4 verlassen, direkt der Anlegereinheit 6 zugeführt werden.After the cutting process of the cross cutter 4 this is followed by a collecting unit 5. In this collecting unit 5, individual pages of the printed matter to be finished later can be collected and aligned as required (optional). The collecting unit 5 in turn is followed by a feeder unit 6. This feeder unit 6 causes the individual sheets provided there to be stacked into a desired stack, that is, collected, and put together in a position where further processing is to take place. If the collecting unit 5 does not exist in a case not belonging to the invention, it is conceivable that the printed matters leaving the cross cutter 4 are fed directly to the feeder unit 6.

Der Anlegereinheit 6 kann, muss aber nicht eine Weiche 7 nachgeschaltet sein. Über diese Weiche ist es möglich, Probedrucke auszuschleusen, um sie zum Beispiel auf Qualität des Druckvorganges hin zu überprüfen.The investor unit 6 may, but need not be followed by a switch 7. With this switch, it is possible to eject test prints, for example, to check for quality of the printing process out.

Die von der Anlegereinheit 6 abgegebenen Stapel mit den Drucksachen, die nicht über die vorhandene Weiche 7 ausgeschleust werden, werden einer Heft- und Falzeinheit 8 zugeführt. Mit dieser Einheit 8 werden die bis dahin sich im Stapel befindlichen Drucksachen je nach gewünschtem Format der fertigen Drucksache geheftet und/oder gefalzt. Andere Formen des Zusammenbringens der einzelnen Blätter der Drucksache sind selbstverständlich auch denkbar.The output from the investor unit 6 stack with the printed matter, which are not discharged via the existing switch 7, a stapling and folding unit 8 are supplied. With this unit 8, the hitherto located in the pile printed matter depending on the desired format of the finished printed matter stapled and / or folded. Other forms of bringing together the individual sheets of the printed matter are of course also conceivable.

Nachdem die einzelnen Blätter der Drucksache dauerhaft zusammengeführt worden sind, werden sie einer Schneideinheit 9 zugeführt. Mittels der Schneideinheit 9 können die zugegebenen Toleranzen der einzelnen zusammengeführten Blätter der Drucksache auf das fertige Format der endgültigen Drucksache entfernt werden. Am Ende der Schneideinheit 9 folgt eine Auslaufeinheit 10, in der die fertigen Drucksachen zur weiteren Verwendung, beispielsweise der Verpackung in gewünschte Gebinde, zugeführt werden.After the individual sheets of printed matter have been brought together permanently, they are fed to a cutting unit 9. By means of the cutting unit 9, the added tolerances of the individual merged sheets of printed matter can be removed to the finished format of the final printed matter. At the end of the cutting unit 9 is followed by a discharge unit 10, in which the finished printed matter for further use, for example, the package in desired containers, are supplied.

Die bis hierhin beschriebenen Einheiten werden von einer übergeordneten Steuereinheit 11, die schematisch dargestellt ist, gesteuert.The units described so far are controlled by a higher-level control unit 11, which is shown schematically.

In einer bekannten Ausführungsform ist die Digitaldruckeinheit 3 der Master für den gesamten Druck-, Schneide- und Ablageprozess. Insbesondere die der Digitaldruckeinheit 3 nachfolgenden Einheiten sind als Slave zusammengeschaltet Dies bedeutet, dass die Digitaldruckeinheit 3 als Master den Takt für die nachfolgenden Prozesse vorgibt und diese sich nach dem vorgegebenen Takt des Masters richten müssen.In a known embodiment, the digital printing unit 3 is the master for the entire printing, cutting and filing process. In particular, the units following the digital printing unit 3 are connected together as a slave. This means that the digital printing unit 3 as master sets the clock for the subsequent processes and these must follow the prescribed clock of the master.

Hierbei kann es zu Problemen kommen, wenn zum Beispiel von der Digitaldruckeinheit 3 als Master der Takt vorgegeben wird, gleichzeitig aber in einer der als Slave nachgeschalteten Einheiten ein Problem auftritt oder zum Beispiel über die Weiche 7 ein Probedruck entnommen werden soll. Ein solcher entnommener Probedruck steht dann den der Weiche 7 nachgeschalteten Einheiten nicht mehr zur Verfügung, so dass diese aus dem Takt kommen.This can lead to problems if, for example, the clock is specified by the digital printing unit 3 as the master, but at the same time a problem occurs in one of the units connected downstream as a slave or, for example, via the switch 7, a test print is to be taken. Such a removed Test print is then no longer available to the turnout 7 downstream units, so that they come out of sync.

In erfindungsgemäßer Weise ist dieses Master-Slave-Prinzip umgekehrt, das heißt, dass der Druckeinheit, insbesondere der Digitaldruckeinheit 3, nachgeordneten Einrichtungen als Master funktionieren und in vorteilhafter Weise dem Slave (insbesondere der Druckeinheit) die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit bzw. den Takt vorgegeben.In accordance with the invention, this master-slave principle is reversed, that is, that the printing unit, in particular the digital printing unit 3, downstream devices work as a master and advantageously the slave (in particular the printing unit) specified the processing speed or the clock.

Von der Abrolleinheit 2 wird ein Quasi-Endlos-Papierbogen mit vorgegebener Breite der Digitaldruckeinheit 3 zugeführt. Nach dem Bedrucken der zugeführten Papierbahn in der Digitaldruckeinheit 3 wird über eine Registermarke, die zusätzlich zu der eigentlichen Drucksache auf dem Papier mittels der Digitaldruckeinheit 3 eine Registermarke aufgedruckt. Mit dieser Registermarke erkennt der nachfolgende Querschneider 4, an welcher Stelle die zugeführte Quasi-Endlos-Bahn quer geschnitten werden muss.From the unwinding unit 2, a quasi-continuous paper sheet having a predetermined width is supplied to the digital printing unit 3. After printing on the supplied paper web in the digital printing unit 3, a register mark is printed on a register mark, which in addition to the actual printed matter on the paper by means of the digital printing unit 3. With this register mark recognizes the subsequent cross cutter 4, at which point the supplied quasi-endless web must be cut across.

Nachdem die zugeführte bedruckte Quasi-Endlos-Papierbahn die Digitaldruckeinheit 3 verlassen und von dem Querschneider 4 quer zur Vorschubrichtung geschnitten wurde, steht dann mit vorgegebener Länge (in Vorschubrichtung betrachtet) und aufgrund der Breite der Papierbahn in der Abrolleinheit 2 vorgegebener Breite eine Drucksache zur Verfügung.After the supplied printed quasi-endless paper web leaving the digital printing unit 3 and was cut by the cross cutter 4 transversely to the feed direction, then with a predetermined length (viewed in the feed direction) and due to the width of the paper web in the Abrolleinheit 2 predetermined width a printed matter is available ,

Diese Drucksache kann einnutzig, zweinutzig oder mehr als zweinutzig sein. Das bedeutet, dass auf dem Blatt, welches den Querschneider 4 verlässt, eine einzige Seite einer später fertigen Drucksache mit vorgegebener Länge und Breite zur Verfügung steht. Oftmals wird aber auch ein bedrucktes Blatt zur Verfügung stehen, welches zwei oder mehr Blätter der später fertigzustellenden Drucksache beinhaltet.This printed matter may be one, two or more than two. This means that on the sheet leaving the cross cutter 4, a single page of a later finished printed matter with a given length and width is available. Often, however, a printed sheet will be available which includes two or more sheets of printed matter to be finished later.

Bei bekannten Einrichtungen für Druckvorgänge ist aufgrund der mechanischen Gegebenheiten das Format der Drucksache hinter dem Querschneider 4 fest vorgegeben. Durch einen aufwendigen Umrüstprozess können solche Maschinen zwar zum Beispiel von einem zweinutzigen Format auf ein dreinutziges Format umgerüstet werden. Allerdings ist hierfür ein hoher Aufwand des Umrüstens erforderlich, der die Performance solcher Maschinen deutlich beeinträchtigt.In known devices for printing processes, the format of the printed matter behind the cross cutter 4 is fixed due to the mechanical conditions. For example, such machines can be converted from a two-in-one format to a three-user format by means of a complex conversion process. However, this requires a great deal of retrofitting, which significantly affects the performance of such machines.

Erfindungsgemäß sind die der Digitaldruckeinheit 3 nachfolgenden Einheiten einzeln, in Gruppen oder alle zusammen als Master zusammengeschaltet Eine, mehrere oder alle dieser Einheiten bilden somit den Master für den gesamten Druck-, Schneide- und Ablageprozess und geben den Takt vor. Dies bedeutet, dass die Digitaldruckeinheit 3 als Slave sich nach dem vorgegebenen Takt für ihren Druckprozess richten muss.According to the invention, the units following the digital printing unit 3 are connected individually, in groups or all together as a master. One, several or all of these units thus form the master for the entire printing, cutting and filing process and specify the clock. This means that the digital printing unit 3 must act as a slave after the predetermined clock for their printing process.

Der Querschneider 4 und die nachfolgenden Einheiten bis hin zur Auslaufeinheit 10 mittels Akteren durch die Steuereinheit 11 hinsichtlich des Verarbeitungsformates der zugeführten Blätter individuell gesteuert werden können. So ist es möglich, über einen einzigen Befehl der Steuereinheit 11 den von ihr gesteuerten Einheiten, insbesondere dem Querschneider 4, der Sammeleinheit 5, der Anlegereinheit 6, der Heft- und Falzeinheit 8 und der Schneideinheit 9, den Befehl zu geben, von einem vorgegebenen, insbesondere bisher verarbeiteten Format, auf ein davon abweichendes Format umzuschalten. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, dass die Digitaldruckeinheit 3 Blätter bedruckt, die dem weiteren zweinutzigen Format entsprechen. Diese Blätter werden durch entsprechende Formateinstellung der nachfolgenden Einheit verarbeitet. Soll nun eine Umstellung von einem zweinutzigen Format zum Beispiel auf ein dreinutziges Format erfolgen, kann dies zentral durch die Steuereinheit 11 erfolgen. Durch einen entsprechenden Steuerbefehl der Steuereinheit 11 erfolgt eine entsprechende Umstellung des Druckvorganges in der Digitaldruckeinheit 3. Da nun für den weiteren dreinutzigen Verarbeitungsprozess die Digitaldruckeinheit 3 auch drei entsprechende Blätter bedruckt, erhalten die nachfolgenden Einheiten den Befehl, von dem bisher eingesetzten zweinutzigen Format auf das jetzt gewünschte dreinutzige Format umzustellen.The cross cutter 4 and the following units up to the outlet unit 10 can be controlled individually by means of actuators by the control unit 11 with regard to the processing format of the fed sheets. It is thus possible, via a single command of the control unit 11, to command the units controlled by it, in particular the cross cutter 4, the collecting unit 5, the feeder unit 6, the stitching and folding unit 8 and the cutting unit 9, from a predetermined one , in particular previously processed format, to switch to a different format. For example, it is possible for the digital printing unit 3 to print sheets that correspond to the other two-size format. These sheets are processed by appropriate format setting of the subsequent unit. If a changeover from a two-in-one format to a three-in-one format is now to take place, this can be done centrally by the control unit 11. As a result of a corresponding control command of the control unit 11, a corresponding changeover of the printing process in the digital printing unit 3 takes place. Since the digital printing unit 3 also prints three corresponding sheets for the further three-minute processing process, the following units receive the command: change from the two-used format used to the now desired three-in-one format.

Dieser Vorgang lässt sich durch eine entsprechende Eingabe in der Steuereinheit 11 beliebig steuern. Von besonderem Vorteil ist das Umschalten innerhalb der einnutzigen, zweinutzigen und maximal dreinutzigen Formate, da hierfür der Aufwand an Aktuatoren und den konstruktiven Gegebenheiten in den jeweiligen Einheiten und gegebenenfalls der zugehörigen Sensoren, die die erfolgte Umschaltung von dem einen auf das andere Format detektieren, überschaubar bleibt.This process can be arbitrarily controlled by a corresponding input in the control unit 11. Of particular advantage is the switching within the one-used, two-used and maximum three-purpose formats, as this the expense of actuators and the structural conditions in the respective units and optionally the associated sensors that detect the switchover from one to the other format, manageable remains.

Mit der entsprechenden Steuerung der Steuereinheit 11 ist auch eine besonders flexible Taktung der Einrichtung 1 für den Digitaldruck gegeben. Durch diese flexible Taktung kann die Digitaldruckeinheit 3 die gedruckten Blätter zur Verfügung stellen, wobei in Abhängigkeit der zur Verfügung gestellten bedruckten Quasi-Endlos-Bahn, die die Digitaldruckeinheit 3 verlässt, die nachfolgenden Einheiten diese bedruckten Blätter in Abhängigkeit des Taktes, mit der diese Digitaldruckeinheit 3 verlassen, verarbeiten. Die flexible Taktung des nachfolgenden Prozesses hat insbesondere den Vorteil, dass Entnahmen von Blättern über die Weiche 7, aber auch sonstige Störungen (zum Beispiel Papierstau) in dem Prozess, der der Digitaldruckeinheit 3 nachgeschaltet ist, aufgefangen beziehungsweise ausgeglichen werden können, ohne die gesamte Einrichtung 1 anhalten zu müssen.With the appropriate control of the control unit 11 is also a particularly flexible timing of the device 1 for digital printing. Through this flexible timing, the digital printing unit 3 can provide the printed sheets, depending on the provided printed quasi-endless web leaving the digital printing unit 3, the subsequent units of these printed sheets in response to the clock at which this digital printing unit 3 leave, process. The flexible timing of the subsequent process has the particular advantage that withdrawals of sheets on the switch 7, but also other disturbances (for example paper jam) in the process, which is the digital printing unit 3 downstream, can be compensated or compensated without the entire device 1 to stop.

Die dem Querschneider 4 nachfolgenden Einheiten sind einzeln, in Gruppen oder alle zusammen als Master zusammengeschaltet. Eine, mehrere oder alle dieser Einheiten bilden somit den Master für den gesamten Druck-, Schneide- und Ablageprozess und geben den Takt vor. Dies bedeutet, dass die Digitaldruckeinheit 3 als Slave sich nach dem vorgegebenen Takt für ihren Druckprozess richten muss.The units following the cross cutter 4 are connected individually, in groups or all together as a master. One, several or all of these units thus form the master for the entire printing, cutting and filing process and set the beat. This means that the digital printing unit 3 must act as a slave after the predetermined clock for their printing process.

Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1.1.
Einrichtung für den DigitaldruckDevice for digital printing
2.Second
Abrolleinheitunrolling
3.Third
DigitaldruckeinheitDigital printing unit
4.4th
QuerschneiderSheeter
5.5th
Sammeleinheitcollection unit
6.6th
Anlegereinheitinvestors unit
7.7th
Weicheswitch
8.8th.
Heft- und FalzeinheitStapling and folding unit
9.9th
Schneideinheitcutting unit
10.10th
Auslaufeinheitoutlet unit
11.11th
Steuereinheitcontrol unit

Claims (4)

  1. A method for operating a device (1) for producing printed matter, having an unwinding unit (2) for providing paper to be printed, wherein the unwinding unit (2) is downstream of a printing unit (3) that prints the paper, wherein the printing unit (3) is arranged downstream of a cross cutter (4) that cuts the printed paper, which is supplied to it continuously, transversely to the feed direction so that individual printed sheets are provided, wherein a collecting unit (5) for collecting the sheets fed thereto is arranged downstream of the cross cutter (4), wherein the collecting unit (5) is arranged downstream of a feeder unit (6), wherein the feeder unit (6) is arranged downstream of at least one further unit for finishing the printed matter to be produced, wherein a control unit (11) controls the units of the device (1), characterized in that the units (2, 3) upstream of the cross cutter (4) and the cross cutter (4) are operated as a function of the processing speed of at least one unit (5, 6) downstream of the cross cutter (4), wherein the ejection of the printing unit (3) is adapted to the processing speed of the at least one downstream unit (5, 6) and the processing speeds of at least one unit (5, 6) downstream of the cross cutter (4) are supplied to the control unit (11) and a processing speed is calculated by the control unit (11) with which the units (2, 3) upstream of the cross cutter (4) and the cross cutter (4) are operated.
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing speed is determined by the lowest processing speed with which a unit (5, 6) downstream of the cross cutter (4) is operated.
  3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the units upstream of the cross cutter (4) and the cross cutter (4) as a slave and the units (5, 6) downstream of the cross cutter (4) are consolidated as a master and the processing speed of the slave depends on the processing speed of the master.
  4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a digital printing unit is used as the printing unit (3).
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WOLFGANG WALENSKI: "Der Rollenoffsetdruck. Geschichte Moderne Technik Materialen. Auszug", 1 January 1995 (1995-01-01), pages 108 - 115, 204-219, XP055751801

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