EP3162959B1 - Milling machine and method for operating a milling machine - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a milling machine, in particular a road milling machine, a stabilizer, a recycler, a surface miner or the like, with a replaceable milling drum, wherein the milling machine different types of milling drums are assigned, and with a control unit for controlling the milling machine, via the control unit Machine parameters of the milling machine are adjustable.

The invention further relates to a milling drum for such a milling machine and a method for operating such a milling machine.

Ground milling machines are used for many different tasks, for example in road and road construction or in the extraction of raw materials in open-pit mining.

In road milling, for example, it is known in a possible application, by so-called fine milling the surface structure of traffic routes For example, to improve the grip of a road surface or to restore the flatness of the traffic route. The road milling machines are also used to remove complete layers of road construction by milling. The obtained milled material is usually subsequently loaded and fed to a recycling process for the production of new road construction material.

In so-called cold recycling, road milling machines are used to mill the road material and to process it on site. For this purpose, the milling material is mixed with binders, for example with foamed bitumen, so as to produce reusable mix directly on site. The mix is subsequently used to rebuild the traffic route.

Another task that can be carried out with ground milling machines is the stabilization of substandard substrates. In this case, if necessary, the existing soil material is comminuted to a certain extent or homogenized and mixed with a binder. As binders, water, lime, cement, suspension and the like can be used. By adding the binder sufficient bearing capacity of the substrate is achieved.

A ground milling machine may be configured to perform various of the described tasks. Due to the different demands placed on the ground milling machine during the individual processes, it is necessary to use different milling drums for the different tasks. For example, milling drums that are used for fine milling have a significantly higher number of milling tools than milling drums used to remove complete layers. In milling rollers, which are used to stabilize the substrate, the milling tools are arranged on webs, which serve the mixing of the milled material with the binder. Even for the same or similar tasks different types of milling rollers can be used, which were each optimized for certain applications. Furthermore, many milling machines offer the option of using milling rollers of different working widths to adapt the milling machine to different tasks. Moreover, it is known that Milling rollers can be equipped with different milling tools, especially different chisels, which have also been optimized for special applications.

In addition to the different milling drums and milling tools used for the various tasks, the machine parameters with which the milling machine is operated must also be adapted to the respective task. The machine parameters to be considered are in particular the feed rate of the milling machine, the milling depth and the speed of the milling drum. Furthermore, it may be necessary to adapt the rotational speed of a drive motor as well as the power transmitted to the milling drum or the torque transmitted to the milling drum to the respective task. It may be necessary to set machine parameters so that they are in a predetermined relationship to each other. An example of this is the ratio of feed rate to Fräswalzendrehzahl during fine milling, which must not exceed a certain threshold, otherwise arise undesirable structures on the surface.

• Zu verwendende Wassermenge
• Verwendete Breite der Wasserleiste (bei Fräswalzen mit geringerer Breite)
• Zulässige Kurvenradien
• Betrieb der Fräse im Gleichlauf- / Gegenlauffräsen

Additional parameters for the operation of the road milling machine may depend especially on the milling drum used, for example:

• Amount of water to use
• Used width of the water strip (for milling rollers with a smaller width)
• Permissible curve radii
• Operation of the milling machine in synchronous / reverse milling

From the DE 10 2014 001 885 A1 a method for optimizing an operating function of a ground milling machine is known. In this case, a variable operating parameter of the ground milling machine is varied until an operating function to be optimized assumes its optimum value. A variable operating parameter may be a rotational speed of the milling drum, which is changed until, for example, a feed rate of the milling machine reaches its optimum value as an operating function. The optimization is based on a given Output value of the variable operating parameters off. The disadvantage here may be that the output value of the variable operating parameter is specified in a range which is not suitable for the outstanding milling task. Furthermore, it can occur, in particular in the case of an automatically running optimization process, that the variable operating parameter is adjusted to optimize the operating function in a range which is not suitable for the milling task. Moreover, it is disadvantageous that the optimum parameters for the operation of the milling machine can be determined and adjusted only during the milling process by this method.

From the US 2015/0300165 A1 a milling drum is known, the releasably mounted milling tools are each equipped with a transponder (RFID). The transponders contain data that enable unambiguous identification of the respective milling tools. The milling machine is assigned a reading device which reads out the information stored in the transponder and forwards it to a computer. This compares the received data stored in a memory. In the case of a deviation of the data, a loss of a respective milling tool is assumed. A milling machine can determine the number of milling tools available at any time.

From the DE 199 32 396 A1 is a construction machine with a machine frame in which a milling drum is rotatably mounted known. A milling tube can be slid coaxially on a roller body and removed again and replaced with it. For this purpose, suitable fasteners are shown. From the font thus construction machines with replaceable milling drums are known.

The EP 2 239 374 A1 shows a paver with a tractor and a programmed or programmable controller. To the tractor can be connected either one or more additional mechanical components. It is provided that the additional component has a wirelessly readable identification device and the tractor has a reading head suitable for reading the identification device. In the identification device is at least one identifier of the additional component saved. In this way, an optional additional component can be detected by means of the identification device and the read head, and then a control program of the road finisher running in the controller can be adapted. Mechanical additional components may be, for example, screeds, screed extensions, spray modules or other mechanical assemblies. As an identification device RFID transponder can be used, which can be read by a suitable, arranged on the tractor read head or described by a read / write head and read. The identified additional component may be displayed to an operator of the paver.

It is an object of the invention to provide a milling machine, which allows easy adjustment of suitable for the milling task to be performed machine parameters. It is a further object of the invention to provide a suitable milling drum and a corresponding method.

The milling machine relating to the object of the invention is achieved in that the milling machine is assigned at least one means which is adapted to detect at least one characteristic feature of the milling drum, that the at least one means is connected to the control unit that the control unit designed is, indirectly or directly from the characteristic feature for at least one machine parameter to set a value to be set and / or a setting range and that the at least one means is adapted to detect external features of the milling drum as a characteristic feature of the built-milling drum.

The object of the invention relating to the method is achieved by detecting at least one characteristic feature of the milling drum with means arranged on the milling machine such that a value to be set and / or a setting range of at least one machine parameter depend on the at least one characteristic feature of the milling drum indirectly or directly determined and displayed and / or automatically adjusted and that an outer feature of the milling drum, in particular an outer mold and / or at least one outer dimension and / or a number and / or arrangement of milling tools, is detected as a characteristic feature of the built-in milling drum.

The detected characteristic feature is chosen so that it can be concluded that the milling task to be performed and thus a suitable value to be set or suitable setting range for the at least one machine parameter. In this case, the value to be set or the setting range can be derived directly from the characteristic, or from the characteristic feature it is possible to deduce a further characteristic value from which the milling task and the value to be set or the setting range result.

The predetermined value to be set or the predetermined setting range facilitates the selection of suitable machine parameters for an operator of the milling machine. Incorrect settings can be avoided. This has a positive effect on the quality of the work result obtained, on the milling performance, on the energy consumption of the milling machine and on the wear of the milling tools.

The determination of an external feature as a characteristic feature of the built-in milling drum allows reliable detection of, for example, the type of the present milling drum. External features may be dimensions of the milling drum and the number and arrangement of the attached milling tools. An advantage of the evaluation of such external features is that they do not or not significantly change even after a long period of operation of the milling drum and thus high wear of the milling tools.

According to a preferred embodiment variant of the invention, provision can be made for the means or the control unit to be designed to determine the type of milling drum from the characteristic feature and for the control unit to be designed for at least one machine parameter To set value to be set and / or a setting range depending on the particular type of milling drum. In a known type of built-milling drum, for example, a particular type of standard milling, a Feinfräswalze or a Microfine milling, the type of milling task to be performed is well known to specify appropriate settings of the machine parameters for operating the milling machine.

Another approach is to determine the moment of inertia of the milling drum and to deduce the type of milling drum.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the at least one means is designed to detect a marking of the milling drum as a characteristic feature of the built-in milling drum. The marking clearly describes the type of milling drum present.

For various milling tasks, milling tools adapted to the task are used as parts of the milling drum. By the respective present milling tools of a present milling drum thus the milling task, for which the milling drum is suitable known. Therefore, it can advantageously be provided that the at least one means is designed to detect the type of at least one milling tool of the milling drum as a characteristic feature of the built-in milling drum. The milling tool may in particular be a chisel. For detecting the type of the at least one milling tool can advantageously be determined a characteristic feature of the milling tool itself. The value to be set and / or the setting range of the at least one machine parameter can advantageously be derived directly or indirectly from the determined type of the at least one milling tool as a characteristic feature of the installed milling drum. The determination of the type of milling cutter provided on the milling tool is sufficient as long as no mixing equipment of the milling drum is provided with different milling tools. In order to increase the safety in determining the type of milling tools, however, in such a case, several or all milling tools can be detected. If the milling drum equipped with different milling tools, so can it can be advantageously provided that the type of several or all milling tools is detected.

In order to detect the type of built-in milling drum, provision may be made for the milling machine to be directly or indirectly associated with a camera and / or a scanner and / or a bar code reader and / or an input device as a means for detecting the characteristic feature of the installed milling drum. With the help of the camera or the scanner, the type of milling drum on the basis of external characteristics, such as the number and arrangement of mounted on the milling drum milling tools or the outer dimensions of the milling drum, can be determined safely. The exact determination of the type of milling drum can be done by a connected to the camera or the scanner control unit and a stored therein evaluation software. With a barcode reader, a barcode attached to the milling drum and identifying the type of milling drum can be read out. By way of example, a series designation of the milling drum can be entered directly via the input device, and the type of milling drum can be determined therefrom.

Preferably, it can be provided that a marking, in particular a letter sequence and / or number sequence, and / or a bar code, is arranged as a characteristic feature in or on the milling drum. By marking the milling drum is clearly described. It can be detected by any appropriate means. Thus, a barcode can be read out by a corresponding bar code reader provided on the milling machine. A letter or number sequence used as a marking can represent a serial number of the milling drum. This can be read by an operator of the milling machine and entered via the input device. It is also possible that the letter or number sequence is detected using a suitable sensor or the camera. All the variants described enable a quick and unambiguous recognition of the type of milling drum installed in the milling machine, so that the specification of a value or setting range to be set for the at least one machine parameter can be made.

Furthermore, it can be provided that, in addition to the type of milling drum, the orientation of the milling drum is also recognized. This is particularly advantageous when milling machines can be used both for synchronous and for up-cutting milling. In this case, identical milling rollers can be used for both methods. The orientation of the milling drum can be recognized, for example, by the fact that the means for detecting external features of the milling drum also detect the orientation of the tools on the milling drum. Alternatively, different markings can be placed on the milling drum in such a way that, depending on the orientation of the milling drum, only the marking that contains the current orientation of the milling drum is detected. If, for example, a marking is detected on an end face of the milling drum, different markings can be made on the two end faces.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that the milling machine is directly or indirectly associated with a reading device for active or for passive transponders as means for detecting the characteristic feature of the built-in milling drum.

Furthermore, it can be provided that an active or passive transponder is arranged in or on the milling drum and that the identification is stored in the transponder.

In such a transponder, a marking as a characteristic feature of the milling drum, which clearly defines the type of milling drum, can be permanently stored. The readout of such a transponder is possible even under harsh environmental conditions quickly and without errors.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the marking and / or the active or passive transponder is arranged in or on a milling drum tube or in or on a tool holder or in or on a milling tool of the milling drum. The tool holder may in particular be a bit holder and the milling tool may be a bit. The marking or the In this way, passive transponders can be arranged so that they are securely arranged within the detection range of the means for determining the characteristic feature of the milling drum or reach the detection area during one revolution of the milling drum. In this case, the identification or the transponder can be provided on one of the components, or markings or transponders can be arranged on a plurality of the components, for example on the milling drum tube and the milling tools. In the latter case, the identifiers or transponders may contain the same or supplementary information.

Advantageously, with a rotating milling drum, the marking, for example a barcode, a transponder or the like, can be used to determine the rotational speed of the milling drum. For this purpose, the period can be determined in which the indicator is detected.

A suitable operation of the milling machine can be ensured, in particular, by the control unit being designed to set the value to be set or the setting range for a milling depth and / or a depth depending on the characteristic feature and / or on the type of milling drum determined from the characteristic feature Milling roll speed and / or a feed rate of the milling machine and / or transmitted to the milling drum drive power and / or transmitted to the milling drum torque and / or specify a speed of the milling drum driving motor as the machine parameters of the milling machine. By adjusting this or a part of these machine parameters, the operation of the milling machine can be optimally adapted to the respective milling task and the milling drum used. It can also be provided that the control unit is designed to specify a maximum depth of cut and / or a minimum feed rate and / or a maximum feed rate depending on the characteristic feature and / or on the type of milling drum determined by the characteristic feature. As a result, the setting range for the milling depth and the feed speed of the milling machine can be clearly limited and specified.

For optimized execution of certain milling task, it may be necessary to set certain machine parameters depending on the setting of other machine parameters. In order to take this into account, provision can be made for the control unit to be designed to specify values and / or setting ranges to be set for at least two machine parameters as a function of the characteristic feature and / or of the type of milling drum determined by the characteristic feature Ratio of the two machine parameters assumes a predetermined value or that the ratio is within a predetermined range. For example, during fine milling, it is necessary for the feed rate of the milling machine and the milling roll speed to be in a specific relationship with one another in order to avoid undesired structures on the road surface.

The adjustment of the machine parameter (s) required as a function of the detected type of milling drum can be effected in that the control unit is designed to provide the milling machine with the type of milling drum determined in dependence on the characteristic feature and / or on the type of milling drum determined by the characteristic feature Operate the value of the at least one machine parameter and / or that the control unit is connected to an output device and that the control unit is adapted to the set or predetermined value depending on the characteristic feature and / or on the type of milling drum determined by the characteristic feature indicate the predetermined setting range of the at least one machine parameter of an operator of the milling machine via the output device. Due to the automatic adjustment of the machine parameter by the control unit, incorrect settings can be reliably avoided. The display of a suitable value or setting range of at least one machine parameter for an operator of the milling machine facilitates the correct setting of the machine parameters for the operator. The display can be done via a display or optical or acoustic display means which signal, for example, if the predetermined setting range is exceeded or fallen below or if the selected setting within the setting range or corresponds to the value to be set. Furthermore, the control unit may be configured to limit the at least one machine parameter, which can be set by the machine operator, to an advantageous setting range as a function of the characteristic feature and / or of the type of milling drum determined by the characteristic feature. The machine operator can thus no longer adjust the at least one machine parameter in the entire range of values that can generally be achieved with the machine, but is limited to a range in which optimized operation depends on the characteristic feature and / or on the type determined by the characteristic feature the milling drum is possible.

According to a possible embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that at least one input means is assigned to the control unit, that at least one material property of the substrate to be milled and / or at least one additive supplied to the milling process can be detected and supplied to the control unit via the input means and that the control unit is designed to take into account the at least one material property and / or the at least one additive in the specification of the value to be set or the setting range for the at least one machine parameter. In addition to the type of milling task to be performed and the milling drum used for this purpose, the material properties of the substrate to be processed essentially determine the selection of suitable machine parameters. By taking into account these material properties, the value to be set of the at least one machine parameter can thus be better adapted to the milling task, or the setting range can be specified more narrowly. As material properties, for example, an abrasiveness and / or a hardness and / or a material type and / or a material composition and / or a layer structure can be taken into account when specifying the machine parameter (s). Furthermore, the types of material to be removed can be specified by information such as asphalt or concrete with their known material properties and taken into account accordingly. Also, a required addition of additives, such as binders, such as water, lime, cement or similar suspensions may have an influence on the optimum values or setting ranges of one or more machine parameters and are therefore taken into account accordingly. The intended input means may be, for example, the input device which is also used to input the type of milling drum, for example in the form of a keyboard. Alternatively, the material properties can also be detected by means of suitable sensors which are arranged on the milling machine. Likewise, the additives found can already be deposited in the controller and taken into account in the optimization of the machine parameters.

Optimal operation of the milling machine can be achieved by overriding the value to be set and / or the predetermined setting range of the at least one machine parameter by an operator and / or by designing the control unit to override the value to be set and / or the overrun value default setting range to issue a warning. The milling machine can thus be operated by the set value or setting range deviating settings of the machine or the parameters. Thus, experience values of the operator or peculiarities of the present milling task can be taken into account when selecting the machine parameters.

In addition, provision may be made for the control unit to be designed to identify individual milling drums as a function of the characteristic feature and to record the service life of the milling drum and / or change intervals for milling tools of the milling drum. The data thus obtained can be used to optimize the load on the milling drum and change intervals for the milling tools, in particular chisel, and thus prevent damage to the milling drum. For this purpose, it may be provided that additional information on the operation of the milling drum (for example times of chisel changes, number of exchanged chisels, or the like) are detected by the control unit. This additional information can be entered, for example, by the operator via existing input means of the control unit.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings.

Fig. 1

in schematischer Darstellung und Seitenansicht eine erste Fräsmaschine in Form einer Straßenfräsmaschine,

Fig. 2

in schematischer Darstellung und Seitenansicht eine zweite Fräsmaschine in Form eines Stabilisierers,

Fig. 3

einen ersten Typ einer Fräswalze mit einer Kamera,

Fig. 4

einen zweiten Typ einer Fräswalze mit einem Transponder,

Fig. 5

in einer vereinfachten schematischen Darstellung einen typischen Aufbau einer Straße,

Fig. 6

schematisch ein Fräsbild, wie es beim Abtragen einer Deckschicht und einer Tragschicht einer Straße von einer Standardfräse erzeugt werden kann,

Fig. 7

schematisch ein Fräsbild einer mit einer Feinfräswalze zum Teil abgetragenen Deckschicht einer Straße,

Fig. 8

in einer seitlichen Schnittdarstellung einen an einem Basisteil befestigten Meißelhalter mit einem Meißel,

Fig. 9

eine schematische Darstellung zur Bestimmung von Maschinenparametern einer Fräsmaschine und

Fig. 10

ein Ablaufdiagramm zur Bestimmung von Maschinenparametern einer Fräsmaschine.

Show it:

Fig. 1

in a schematic representation and side view of a first milling machine in the form of a road milling machine,

Fig. 2

in a schematic representation and side view of a second milling machine in the form of a stabilizer,

Fig. 3

a first type of milling drum with a camera,

Fig. 4

a second type of milling drum with a transponder,

Fig. 5

in a simplified schematic representation of a typical structure of a road,

Fig. 6

FIG. 2 schematically shows a milling pattern, such as can be produced by a standard milling machine during the removal of a cover layer and a base course of a road, FIG.

Fig. 7

1 is a schematic of a milling pattern of a road surface partially removed with a fine milling roller;

Fig. 8

in a side sectional view of a tool holder attached to a base part with a chisel,

Fig. 9

a schematic representation for determining machine parameters of a milling machine and

Fig. 10

a flowchart for determining machine parameters of a milling machine.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation and side view of a first milling machine 10 in the form of a road milling machine. A machine frame 12 is height-adjustable by four lifting columns 16.1, 16.2 of chassis 11.1, 11.2, for example, chain drives worn. The first milling machine 10, starting from a control station 13, can be operated via a control 17 arranged in the control station 13. In a concealed Fräswalzenkasten a likewise hidden arranged and dashed lines in the illustration milling drum 15 is rotatably mounted. A conveyor 14 serves to remove the milled material.

In use, the machine frame 12 is moved with an input via the controller 17 feed speed over the substrate to be processed. Here wear on the rotating milling drum 15 and arranged in the FIGS. 3 and 4 shown chisel 20 from the ground. The height position and the rotational speed of the milling drum 15 can be adjusted by the controller 17. About the height position of the milling drum 15, the milling depth is set. The height position of the milling drum can be done depending on the machine type on the height-adjustable lifting columns 16.1, 16.2. Alternatively, the milling drum 15, such as in the FIG. 2 shown second milling machine 50, relative to the machine frame 12 in height adjustable.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation and side view of a second milling machine 50 in the form of a stabilizer. The second milling machine 50 is moved by means of front and rear wheels 51.1, 51.2. The front and rear wheels 51.1, 51.2 are attached to the chassis 52 via front and rear lifting columns 57.1, 57.2, so that the working height of the chassis 52 and thus of the roller housing 56 can be adjusted. On the chassis 52, a machine control station 53 is mounted. The motor 54 arranged within the chassis 52 drives the milling drum 15 via a drive unit 54.1. The milling drum 15 itself is mounted in a roller housing 56, which is associated with a front and a rear roller flap 56.1, 56.2. The roller flap 56.1, 56.2 are each made adjustable via an attached hydraulic. The milling drum 15 is adjustable in height via a hydraulic height adjustment 55 along an adjustment path 55.4 shown by a double arrow. For this purpose, the movement of a hydraulic cylinder 55.1 is transmitted to the milling drum 15 via a rotatably mounted reversing lever 55.2 and an actuating rod 55.3 arranged thereon. The milling depth can be adjusted with the aid of the height adjustment.

In the FIG. 3 For example, a first type of milling drum 15 having a camera 31 and a light source 30 is shown more clearly. In this case, only one end-side portion of the milling drum 15 is shown in the axial extent. On the surface of a Fräswalzenrohrs 15.1 of the milling drum 15, a plurality of bit holders 22 (tool holder) are attached. In each bit holder 22, a chisel 20 is held as a milling tool. The chisel 20 has a chisel tip 21 made of a hard material, in particular hard metal. In the present example, the bit holders 22 are welded directly onto the milling drum 15. However, it is also the use of swap-holder systems conceivable, as these closer to FIG. 4 are described. Inside the in FIG. 3 shown Fräswalzenrohrs 15.1 a serial number 35 and a bar code 34 are attached. The barcode 34 represents the serial number 35 in encrypted form.

The bits 20 are arranged at relatively large intervals on the Fräswalzenrohr 15.1. Such a milling drum 15 is provided as a standard milling roller, for example, to remove entire road layers.

FIG. 4 shows a second type of milling drum 15 with a transponder 32. Here also in the axial extent only one end-side portion of the milling drum 15 is shown. The transponder 32 is protected inside the Fräswalzenrohres 15.1 arranged. A reader 33 for reading the transponder 32 is shown schematically. The reading device 33 is advantageously arranged on the milling machine 10, 50 such that it is in radio contact with the transponder 32 at least temporarily during one revolution of the milling drum 15. In the transponder 32 is a unique identifier, such as a serial number stored, which defines the type of milling drum 15 uniquely. If there is radio contact between the reading device and the transponder only in certain positions of the milling drum, the device can additionally be used to precisely determine the milling drum rotational speed.

For fixing the chisel 20 to the Fräswalzenrohr 15.1 a base part 23 is welded onto the Fräswalzenrohr 15.1. In the base part 23 of the bit holder 22 for receiving a replaceable bit 20 is releasably attached.

In the illustration shown, the surface of the milling roller tube 15.1 is only partially covered with base parts 23, bit holders 22 and associated chisels 20 for a better overview. In fact, the entire surface of the milling drum tube 15.1 is equipped with base parts 23, bit holders 22 and chisels 20.

Opposite the in FIG. 3 shown milling drum 15, the chisel 20 are only slightly spaced in the present embodiment. In the milling roller 15 is a Feinfräswalze for targeted structuring and for restoring the flatness of a road surface.

FIG. 5 shows in a simplified schematic representation of an exemplary structure of a road 40. This consists of a substructure 41 and an asphalt layer, consisting of a support layer 42 and a final cover layer 43rd

FIG. 6 schematically shows a milling image, as it can be generated when removing the cover layer 43 and base layer 42 of a road 40 from a standard router. In the substructure 41 are caused by the milling process coarse Fräsrillen 44 clearly from.

In FIG. 7 schematically is a milling image of a fine milling with a partially removed cover layer 43 of the road 40 represents. In the region of the milling track, the covering layer 43 has a structuring in the form of fine milling grooves 44.

In the FIG. 1 shown first milling machine 10 can be used for various tasks. Thus, the illustrated road milling machine can be used for fine milling of road surfaces, in which only the surface or parts of the surface of the cover layer 43 of the road 40 is removed, as shown in FIG FIG. 7 is shown. As a result, the surface structure of the road 40 can be changed or the flatness can be restored. For fine milling, the first milling machine 10 with a fine milling machine, as exemplified in FIG. 4 shown, equipped.

In a further application, the first milling machine 10 can be used for removing the cover layer 43 and / or the support layer 42 of the road 40. The abraded material of the cover layer 43 and the support layer 42 may be milled off or co-milled and recycled in a separate recycling facility and subsequently reused for road construction. For removing the road layers is a standard milling, as exemplified in FIG. 3 is shown installed in the first milling machine 10.

Alternatively, the milling machines 10, 50 can be designed to reprocess the resulting milled material as part of a cold recycling process on site and apply it as a renewed road surface to the substructure 41. In this case, the milling material corresponding binder, for example, bituminous binder, fed, which are mixed during the milling process with the milled material. The thus processed milled material can then be transferred to the first milling machine 10 with the conveyor 14, for example, to a paver and the Construction of a new road surface can be used. Alternatively, the milled material in both milling machines 10, 50 can remain directly behind the milling drum 15 in the milling track and, if necessary, can be precompressed with corresponding devices on the respective milling machine 10, 50. The final compaction of the renewed road surface is carried out by subsequent compactors.

In a further application, a stabilizer according to the second milling machine 50 for stabilizing, for example, the substructure 41 of FIG FIG. 5 shown greatly simplified road 40 before application of the support and cover layer 42, 43 are used. For this purpose, the substrate is milled by the milling drum 15 and mixed with binders, such as water, lime, cement or similar suspensions. Possibly. Here also the comminution and homogenization of the existing, milled soil material. The mixture thus obtained usually remains in the milling track and is then optionally compacted with rollers to form, for example, a load-bearing substructure 41 for the supporting layer 42 and the covering layer 43 of the road 40.

For the various feasible milling tasks, the milling machines 10, 50 are equipped with different milling rollers 15. For the removal of entire road layers, such as the common removal of the support layer 42 and the cover layer 43, milling rollers 15 are similar or similar to the in FIG. 3 used standard milling. For fine milling fine milling rollers are similar or similar FIG. 4 used compared to the in FIG. 3 shown standard milling have a significantly higher number of milling tools. In milling drums 15 for stabilizing the base 41, however, the milling tools are arranged on webs, which ensure good mixing of the material to be milled. Even for the same or similar tasks different milling rollers 15 can be installed in the milling machine 10, 50, which are each optimized for certain applications. Furthermore, the milling machine 10, 50 are equipped with milling rollers 15 different working width, whereby the milling machine 10, 50 can be adapted to different tasks.

Depending on the milling task to be performed, the milling machine 10, 50 must be operated with different machine parameters. In particular, the feed rate, the Fräswalzendrehzahl and the milling depth are adapted to the respective task. Further machine parameters to be adapted are the rotational speed of a motor driving the milling drum 15, the power transmitted to the milling drum 15 or the torque transmitted to the milling drum 15.

According to the present invention, it is provided that the milling machine 10, 50 has means for detecting characteristic features of the milling drum 15 used in the milling machine 10, 50. With the help of these characteristic features, for example, the type of the present milling drum 15 can then be clearly determined. Depending on the type of milling drum 15 thus determined or directly on the characteristic features, suitable machine parameters for operating the milling machine 10, 50 are specified. Thus, for example, in the case of a large number of closely spaced chisels 20 as a possible external characteristic feature of the milling drum 15, it can be concluded that the present milling drum 15 is used for fine milling work, whereas with comparatively few chisels 20 a rougher milling task can be assumed , Even with a known type of milling drum 15, the milling task for which the milling machine 10, 50 is to be used, sufficiently well known. The machine parameters can be adapted to the respective milling task and the present milling drum 15. This can be done by a control unit 60, as shown in FIG. 9 shown, one or more machine parameters set or an operator of the milling machine 10, 50 are displayed. Likewise, the operating person can be given setting ranges for one or more machine parameters, within which an optimal operation of the milling machine 10, 50 for the present milling task is possible. The operator may then adjust the machine parameter (s) within the predetermined adjustment ranges. In this case, it may be preferable for the predetermined setting ranges to represent only one recommendation, so that settings outside the predetermined setting ranges can also be made in the decision of the operating person. It can do this provision is made for data to be stored in the control unit 60 which associate with one another preferred machine parameters, preferred setting ranges for machine parameters or preferred ratios of machine parameters to certain characteristics of the milling drum or to certain types of milling drums.

In the specification of the machine parameter or properties of the milling machine 10, 50 are taken into account itself. Thus, e.g. By the respective present milling machine 10, 50 conditional limitations of the predetermined machine parameters, such as a maximum possible depth of cut, a maximum feed rate or a maximum drive power, are taken into account in the specification of the machine parameters. For identical milling drums 15, different values or setting ranges to be set for the one or more machine parameters can be specified for different milling machines 10, 50. As a result, different milling machines 10, 50 can be optimally adapted to the milling task and the present milling drum 15.

If it is detected in a possible application that a milling drum 15 is installed for fine milling in the milling machine 10, then a limited adjustment range for the milling depth can be specified as a machine parameter by specifying a maximum milling depth. This can be avoided that Feinfräswalzen be used for deeper milling, since this does not allow satisfactory performance, leading to increased wear of the milling drum 15 and the risk of damage to the milling drum 15 and the milling machine 10, 50 holds. Furthermore, when the fine milling drum is detected, a relatively high value or setting range to be set for the milling roll rotational speed can be specified as the machine parameter in order to produce a uniform surface structure. The maximum predetermined rotational speed of the milling drum 15 can be defined as the upper limit of the rotational speed range which appears suitable for fine milling with the present milling drum 15. But it can also be limited by the maximum in the present milling machine 10, 50 adjustable speed of the milling drum 15. In addition to the speed of the Milling roller 15, a value to be set or adjustment range for the feed rate of the milling machine 10, 50 can be specified as further machine parameters such that the ratio between the feed rate and the Fräswalzendrehzahl does not exceed a certain threshold. This can avoid that arise unwanted structures on the surface to be processed.

If a milling drum 15 is recognized for removing entire layers of the road structure, then a high power transmitted to the milling drum 15 can be specified as a machine parameter. This too can be done as a single value to be set or as a preferred setting range. Furthermore, a value to be set or an adjustment range with a comparatively low milling roll rotational speed is specified for such a milling drum 15 and thus a task. As a result, for example, the wear on the chisels 20 and the bit holders 22 can be kept low.

According to a possible embodiment variant of the invention, it may be provided that, in addition to the type of milling drum 15 used, at least one material property of the substrate to be milled and / or an additive supplied to the milling process is taken into account when specifying the value to be set or the adjustment range of the at least one machine parameter , The at least one material property of the substrate to be milled can be entered, for example, by an operator of the milling machine 10, 50. Alternatively, the milling machine 10 may have suitable sensors with which the relevant material properties can be detected. The additives may be materials for the treatment of the removed road surface or for the stabilization of the subsoil. These can for example be specified by the operator of the milling machine 10, 50.

The detection of the built-in milling drum type can be done in various ways. One possibility is a visual recognition on the basis of external characteristic features of the milling drum 15 by a camera 31, such as this in FIG. 3 is shown symbolically. Advantageously, the camera 31 is associated with a light source 30, so that in the roller housing 56 a sufficient brightness for receiving the milling drum 15 by the camera 31 is present. The detection of the type of milling drum 15 used on the basis of the camera recordings can be done for example by a suitable evaluation software, which is advantageously stored in a connected to the camera 31 control unit 60. In this case, the evaluation software can evaluate characteristic features of the milling drum 15, such as the number and / or the arrangement of the chisel 20 or the outer dimensions of the milling drum 15. Alternatively or additionally, a scanner may also be arranged in the region of the milling drum 15, which detects, for example, the number, the arrangement and / or the contour of the chisel 20 and recognizes the type of milling drum 15 in cooperation with a suitable evaluation software.

Preferably, active or passive transponders 32, for example RFID transponders, may be attached to the milling rollers 15, as shown in FIG FIG. 4 is shown. In the transponders 32 each a suitable identification of the milling drum 15 is stored. The marking represents a characteristic feature of the milling drum 15, by means of which the type of milling drum 15 can be clearly determined. At the milling machines 10, 50 suitable readers 33 are then arranged, with which the transponder 32 can be read. The data thus obtained are forwarded to a control unit 60, which recognizes the type of milling drum 15 as a function of the data and specifies the associated machine parameters as the value or setting range to be set.

According to a further embodiment, it may be provided that 15 barcodes 34 are attached to the milling rollers, as shown in FIG. 3 is shown. The bar codes 34 represent a characteristic feature for uniquely identifying the respective milling drum 15. At least one suitable bar code reader is then attached to the milling machine 10, 50 and connected to the control unit 60. This determines the type of milling drum 15 as a function of the identification determined via the bar code reader and thereupon specifies the value to be set or the setting range of the relevant machine parameter (s). To the Milling rollers 15 may also be other forms of identification, such as numbers or letter sequences, be attached, which clearly indicate the type of milling drum 15. Such an identifier can be read by an operator of the milling machine 10, 50 and fed via an input unit, for example in the form of a keyboard, the control unit 60. Alternatively, the identifier can also on the in FIG. 3 detected camera 31 or another sensor system detected and forwarded to the control unit 60. The identifier can be, for example, a serial number 35 of the milling drum 15, as in FIG. 3 is shown.

Advantageously, the marking of the milling drum 15 can be made such that it can be read out during the rotation of the milling drum 15. By way of example, a barcode 34 can be guided past a barcode scanner by the rotation of the milling drum 15 and thereby read out. It is also conceivable that the milling machine is associated with a proximity switch, the detection range is directed to, for example, the front side of the Fräswalzenrohres 15.1 or another, passed by the rotation of the milling drum 15 on the proximity switch area of the Fräswalzenrohres 15.1. On the milling drum tube 15.1 then elevations and depressions may be appropriate, so that the proximity switch switches depending on the position of the milling drum 15 or not switched. Thus, the label can be coded on the milling drum and read out via the switching pulses of the proximity switch. The detection can then take place, for example, at a known rotational speed of the milling drum, or the marking has "start / stop" identifiers, wherein the start identifier marks the start and the stop identifier marks the end of the marking, for example a serial number of the milling drum 15 , For example, by detecting repeated start and / or stop signals and determining the time between these signals, the rotational speed of the roller can also be determined.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that specifications for setting certain machine parameters are stored on or in the milling drum 15 and read out by suitable read-out means and supplied to the control unit 60. Values to be set or setting ranges of the respective ones Machine parameters can be stored, for example, in active or passive transponder 32 or in the form of barcodes 34.

FIG. 8 shows in a side sectional view of an attached to a base member 23 bit holder 22 with a chisel 20 as a milling tool.

The chisel tip 21 is preferably attached cohesively to a chisel head 20.1 of the chisel 20. Opposite the chisel tip 21, the chisel head 20.1 merges into a chisel shank 20.2. The cylindrically designed drill shank 20.2 is held rotatably and axially blocked by a clamping sleeve 20.3 about its longitudinal axis in a bit receptacle 22.1 of the bit holder 22. Between the bit head 20.1 and the bit holder 22, a wear plate 24 is arranged. The bit holder 22 has an insertion projection 22.2, which is inserted into a shaft receptacle 23.1 of the base part 23 and clamped there by means of a clamping screw 23.2. The base part 23 itself is mounted on a not shown Fräswalzenrohr 15.1, preferably welded.

In the area of the chisel shank 20.2, a transponder 32 is arranged. The transponder 32 may be embodied as an active or passive transponder 32. In it, a label is stored, which indicates the type of the bit 20 as an inserted milling tool. Different chisels 20 are provided for different milling tasks. If the type of bit 20 is known, it is thus possible to deduce the milling task to be performed and to set the machine parameter (s) for operating the milling machine 10, 50 accordingly.

In addition or as an alternative to the bit 20, a marking of the bit holder 22 and / or of the base part 23 can also take place. Furthermore, an additional marking of the Fräswalzenrohres 15.1 may be provided. The setting of the at least one machine parameter can be effected as a function of a combined evaluation of the markings. Thus, for example, based on the marking of the milling tool, in this case the chisel 20, the type of milling task, such as fine milling, can be determined. The marking of the Fräswalzenrohres 15.1 can specify, inter alia, the axial length of the Fräswalzenrohres 15.1. For the milling task (fine milling) determined on the basis of the type of the milling tool, different values or ranges of values for the at least one machine parameter can now be specified for differently long milling drum tubes 15.1.

FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation for determining machine parameters of the milling machine 10, 50. As a characteristic features of the milling drum 15 whose outer contour and markings in the form of a bar code 34 and a transponder 32 are provided. The outer contour is detected by means of a camera 31. The transponder 32 is read out with the aid of a reading device 33 and the bar code 34 is detected and decoded by means of a bar code reader 36. In the present case, these three possibilities for detecting characteristic features of the milling drum 15 are provided, but it is conceivable to detect additional features additionally or alternatively or only a part of the listed features.

The reader 33, the camera 31 and the bar code reader 36 are connected to a block 65 for forming the characteristic feature. The characteristic feature is forwarded to the control unit 60. The control unit 60 is further connected to a database 62 and an input unit 61. The control unit 60 forms from the characteristic features or a machine parameter set 63 for the milling machine 10, 50. In the present case, the machine parameter set 63 comprises a maximum milling depth 63.1, a minimum milling depth 63.2, a maximum feed 63.3 and a minimum feed 63.4, within which the milling machine 10, 50 is to operate with the detected milling drum. The machine parameter set 63 is output to an operator by means of an output device, presently in the form of a display.

The described control unit 60 is thus designed as a computer system. This includes not shown at least one processor, a computer-readable storage medium, the database 62, the input unit 61 and the output unit 64. The input unit 61 may be implemented as a keyboard or other user interface and allows an operator to To enter instructions. The output unit 64 can be designed as a display or in the form of another optical or acoustic display. The processor may be implemented as a single controller, which includes the entire described functionality, or several controllers may be provided, to which the described functionality is divided.

As a computer-readable storage medium in the present sense any form of non-volatile storage medium is to be understood, which contains a computer program product in the form of executable by the processor software, computer instructions or program modules. These may provide data during their execution or otherwise cause the computer system to implement an instruction or to work in a specific manner as defined herein. It may be further contemplated that more than one type of storage media may be combined to use software executable by the processor, computer instructions or program modules from a first storage medium in which the software, computer instructions or program modules are initially stored for execution To conduct microprocessor.

The storage media as used herein may not be limited to transmission media or data storage. The data stores can equally be volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media. These may be in the form of dynamic memory, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), memory chips, optical or magnetic memory (CD), flash memory, or any other medium capable of storing data in a form suitable for processors be. They may be located on a single computer platform or distributed over multiple platforms, unless otherwise specified.

Transmission media may include any tangible media that is suitable for software executable by the processor, computer instructions, or program modules above to be read and executed by a processor can. For this purpose, cables, lines, fiber optics or known wireless media can be used without restriction.

In a further embodiment it can be provided that the processor does not represent or need a computer system. It may be separate or otherwise configured independently within a machine, such as a General Purpose Processor, Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate) Array) or other programmable logic devices, a discrete gate or transistor logic circuit, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, which is designed or programmed to perform or cause the described functions. The general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or, alternatively, a microcontroller, a state machine, or a combination thereof.

The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP with a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such combination

Depending on the embodiment, certain acts, operations or functions of each of the algorithms described with respect to the controller may be in a different order, added or merged or omitted (eg, if not all of the described functions are required for the execution of the algorithm ). Additionally, in certain implementations, acts, operations, or functions may be performed concurrently, for example, by multi-threated processing, or by multiple processors or cores, or any other parallel architecture.

According to the in FIG. 9 shown representation of the control unit 60 characteristic features of the milling drum 15 are supplied. These may be an identifier which can be identified by means of the bar code reader 36 or the reading device 33 of the Transponders 32 was read, or outer features of the Fräswälze 15 as they were taken by the camera 31, act. The control unit 60 is designed to recognize the type of the built-in milling drum 15 based on the supplied characteristic features. For this purpose, it compares the characteristic features with data stored in the database 62. Alternatively, the type of the milling drum 15 may also be input via the input unit 61. If the type of milling drum 15 is known, the control unit 60 determines suitable machine parameters or ranges of suitable machine parameters, within which the milling machine 10, 50 can be operated optimally with the present milling drum 15. These are displayed in the embodiment shown by means of the output device 64 a machine operator. In the present case, the machine operator receives specifications about suitable areas for the feed and the milling depth. He can thus set the appropriate machine parameters. It is also conceivable that the machine parameters are forwarded directly to a machine control and automatically adjusted by this machine to operate the milling machine 10, 50.

FIG. 10 5 shows a flowchart 70 for determining machine parameters of a milling machine 10, 50. The flowchart has five blocks 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 as well as the database 62. In the first block 71, the reading of the sensor values, for example, the in FIG. 9 shown camera 31, the bar code reader 36 or the reader 33 for the transponder 32. In the second block 72, the characteristic feature of the milling drum 15 is determined. In an optional step, in a third block 73, the milling drum type can be determined from the characteristic feature previously acquired. In the fourth block, the machine parameter (s) suitable for operating the milling machine 10, 50 are then determined directly from the characteristic feature or from the milling drum type. These can be specific values or value ranges. To determine the machine parameters from the characteristic feature or the milling drum type, data from the database 62 may be used. In a fifth block 75, the output of the machine parameters or of the machine parameter areas then takes place.

Claims (18)

1. A milling machine (10, 50), particularly a road milling machine, a stabilizer, a recycler, a surface miner or similar, have a replaceable milling drum (15), wherein a number of types of milling drum (15) can be allocated to the milling machine (10, 50), and having a control unit (60) for controlling the milling machine (10, 50), wherein machine parameters of the milling machine (10, 50) can be set by means of the control unit (60),
   characterised in that
   at least one medium is allocated to the milling machine (10, 50), which is also designed to record at least one characteristic feature of the milling drum (15), in that the at least one medium is connected with the control unit (60), in that the control unit (60) is also designed to specify indirectly or directly depending on the characteristic feature a value to be set and/or a setting range for at least one machine parameter and in that the at least one medium is also designed to record external features of the milling drum (15) as a characteristic feature of the integrated milling drum (15).
2. The milling machine (10, 50) according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the medium or the control unit (60) is also designed to determine from the characteristic feature the type of milling drum (15) and in that the control unit (60) is also designed to specify a value to be set and/or a setting range for at least one machine parameter depending on the determined type of milling drum (15).
3. The milling machine (10, 50) according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterised in that
   the at least one medium is also designed to record an identifier of the milling drum (15) as a characteristic feature of the integrated milling drum (15).
4. The milling machine (10, 50) according to one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterised in that
   the at least one medium is also designed to record the type at least of one milling tool of the milling drum (15) as a characteristic feature of the integrated milling drum (15).
5. The milling machine (10, 50) according to one of claims 1 to 4,
   characterised in that
   a camera (31) and/or a scanner and/or a barcode reader and/or an input device is indirectly or directly allocated to the milling machine (10, 50) as a means of recording the characteristic feature of the integrated milling drum (15).
6. The milling machine (10, 50) according to one of claims 1 to 5,
   characterised in that
   in or on the milling drum (15) a marker, particularly a letter sequence and/or number sequence, and/or a barcode, is allocated as a characteristic feature.
7. The milling machine (10, 50) according to one of claims 1 to 6,
   characterised in that
   a reader for active or for passive transponders is indirectly or directly allocated to the milling machine (10, 50) as a means of recording the characteristic feature of the integrated milling drum (15).
8. The milling machine (10, 50) according to one of claims 1 to 7,
   characterised in that
   in or on the milling drum (15) an active or passive transponder is arranged and in that the identifier is saved in the transponder.
9. The milling machine (10, 50) according to one of claims 1 to 8,
   characterised in that
   the identifier and/or the active or passive transponder is arranged in or on a milling drum pipe (15.1) or in or on a die holder or in or on a milling tool of the milling drum (15).
10. The milling machine (10, 50) according to one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterised in that
    the control unit (60) is also designed, depending on the characteristic feature and/or the type of milling drum (15) defined from the characteristic feature, to specify the value to be set or the setting range for a milling depth and/or a milling drum speed and/or a feed rate of the milling machine (10, 50) and/or a drive capacity transferred to the milling drum (15) and/or a torque transferred to the milling drum (15) and/or a speed of an engine driving the milling drum (15) as machine parameters of the milling machine (10, 50).
11. The milling machine (10, 50) according to one of claims 1 to 10,
    characterised in that
    the control unit (60) is also designed to operate the milling machine (10, 50) with the value of the at least one machine parameter being specified depending on the characteristic feature and/or the type of milling drum (15) defined from the characteristic feature and/or in that the control unit (60) is connected with an output device and in that the control unit (60) is also designed to display to the operator of the milling machine (10, 50) by means of the output device the value to be set or the predefined setting range of the at least one machine parameter specified depending on the characteristic feature and/or the type of milling drum (15) defined from the characteristic feature.
12. The milling machine (10, 50) according to one of claims 1 to 11,
    characterised in that
    at least one input means is allocated to the control unit (60), in that by means of the input means at least one material property of the substrate to be milled and/or at least one additive added to the milling process can be detected and inputted into the control unit (60), and that the control unit (60) is also designed to take into consideration the at least one material property and/or the at least one additive when specifying the value to be set or the setting range for the at least one machine parameter.
13. The milling machine (10, 50) according to one of claims 1 to 12,
    characterised in that
    the control unit (60) is also designed, depending on the characteristic feature, to recognise individual milling drums (15) and to record the operating time and/or change intervals for milling tools of the milling drum (15).
14. A method to operate a milling machine (10, 50), particularly a road milling machine, a stabilizer, a recycler, a surface miner or similar, wherein the milling machine (10, 50) is operated with differently set machine parameters and with different milling drums (15) depending on the milling task to be executed,
    characterised in that
    at least one characteristic feature of the milling drum (15) is recorded with devices arranged for this purpose on the milling machine (10, 50), in that a value to be set and/or a setting range of at least one machine parameter is indirectly or directly determined and displayed and/or automatically set depending on the at least one characteristic feature of the milling drum (15) and in that an external feature of the milling drum (15), particularly an external form and/or at least one external dimension and/or a number and/or arrange of milling tools, is recorded as characteristic features of the integrated milling drum (15).
15. The method according to claim 14,
    characterised in that
    on the basis of the characteristic feature the type of used milling drum (15) is recorded and in that the value to be set and/or the setting range of the at least one machine parameter is calculated and displayed and/or automatically set depending on at least the type of used milling drum (15).
16. The method according to claim 14 or 15,
    characterised in that
    an identifier of the milling drum (15) is recorded as a characteristic feature of the integrated milling drum (15).
17. The method according to one of claims 14 to 16,
    characterised in that
    depending on the characteristic feature and/or the type of milling drum (15) the value to be set or the setting range for a milling depth and/or a milling drum speed and/or a feed rate and/or a drive capacity transferred to the milling drum (15) and/or a torque transferred to the milling drum (15) and/or a speed of an engine driving the milling drum (15) is calculated as machine parameters of the milling machine (10, 50).
18. The method according to one of claims 14 to 17,
    characterised in that
    when specifying the value to be set and/or the setting range of at least one machine parameter at least one material property of the substrate to be milled and/or at least one additive added to the milling process is taken into consideration.

Images