EP3156360A1 - Lift for small shaft dimensions - Google Patents

Abstract

An elevator is described with an elevator car 1 which can be moved up and down along guide rails 8 in vertical direction. Car 1 is distinguished by the fact that car floor 5 and car roof 6 are connected by single-walled corner elements 18, 18a which are along their vertical side edges each not directly related to each other and on the entire vertical power flow, which may occur between the car roof 6a and the car floor 5, is forwarded to the car floor 5.

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to a lift according to the preamble of the respective main claim.

Such elevators are known in a variety of variants for a long time. Basically, the problem arises in elevators that the space within a building, which is claimed by the elevator shaft, is not available for other purposes and also limits the architectural freedom in the layout design. Due to this, work has been going on for quite some time to keep the dimensions of the elevator shaft required as small as possible. A major step forward has been the introduction of so-called machine roomless lifts, so the introduction of elevator constructions in which the drive and all the necessary components that were previously housed in the engine room, are no longer housed in a separate engine room next to or above the elevator shaft, but find their place in the elevator shaft itself. The achieved, considerable space savings are no longer sufficient.

In the search for ever more space-saving designs has already been thought to optimize the car itself. One starting point here is the so-called car frame. Typically, car frames or "slings" are used, which embrace the elevator car on three or four sides. On the car frame, the rail guide is attached and the car frame and the brake or brake safety device are attached and the suspension element strand. The Cabin sits muted on the car frame. Almost all of the forces occurring during strong acceleration or when catching are intercepted by the car frame and distributed to the cabin.

The disadvantage of such a car frame is that it surrounds the elevator car, as I said, usually on at least three sides and therefore either requires larger manhole dimensions or allows for given manhole dimensions only less loadable base for the elevator car.

Because of this is in the patent application WO 2008/207202 It has already been proposed to dispense with a completely separate car frame and at least partially integrate the car frame, which is still designed as a stable tubular frame construction, into the car. This already leads to a certain space savings. The still required, quite massive car frame still claimed some space, even if it is partially integrated into the wall of the elevator car.

Such a manufactured car is also very expensive to produce, since it consists of a large number of different items that must be largely welded together. Furthermore, it is not suitable for a modular design in which it is very easy to build cars with a different transport capacity from many identical parts.

problem

In view of this, the invention has for its object to provide an elevator with even further reduced space requirements, which is to produce rational.

Inventive solution and its variants

According to the invention this object is achieved with a lift having the features of claim 1.

Accordingly, an elevator is proposed with a carriage which can be moved up and down in the vertical direction along guide rails. This is characterized by the fact that the car floor and the car roof are interconnected by einschalige corner elements. In the circumferential direction adjacent corner elements are not directly connected to each other along their vertical side edges.

The corner members each form a type of single-ply belt or pylon over which all (i.e., any or substantially all) vertical power flow that may occur between the car roof and the car floor is transmitted to the car floor. Exceptions are, of course, such forces that z. B. when braking or when catching inertia in the gap between the corner elements closing filling elements may arise themselves and then be forwarded by them directly to the car floor.

In the context of a particularly favorable embodiment, it is provided that the corner elements consist of a fiber material including fiber-reinforced plastic or of fiber composite material. These materials are characterized by their high strength and their comparably low weight, even at higher wall thicknesses, as well as by their inherent damping. In view of this, it is preferable that the single-shell corner members preferably have a thickness of at least 5 mm, and more preferably at least 7.5 mm.

The choice of a higher wall thickness is interesting because the large side walls tend to bulge and / or vibrate at low wall thicknesses.

It is particularly favorable if a corner element has at least one mat, preferably made of random or ideally woven fiber material, which spans an entire large area of the corner element formed under its participation. As large areas, the two largest surfaces are referred to, which are directly facing the car interior and the car exterior. Such a configuration is especially favorable where a viewing surface is to be created on the inside of the cabin, which is to be used unclad. Where particularly rationally a sophisticated designed visual surface is to be created, said mat may consist of a decorative material that does not contribute or not significantly to the load capacity of the corner element.

It is particularly favorable if at least three corner elements of the car have the shape of an L-profile, preferably each with a corner which is formed by an arc with a radius of curvature of preferably at least 40 mm. In any case, as soon as the legs of such corner elements have been fastened to the flanges of the car roof and the car floor, such profiled corner elements form kink-resistant columns which do not give way even under the load of two fitters working on the car roof with the necessary tool.

Preferably, one or more corner elements on their side facing away from the inside of the car have a plurality of preferably mutually parallel slots, which are filled with a filling material. These slots allow the particularly efficient production of curved corner elements. Because they make it possible to first produce a straight, for bending actually too thick plate of fiber material, which is deliberately weakened so that it can be bent after curing of its binder. The original plate then forms a two-leg corner element whose legs are connected to each other over a radius of curvature in the form of a polygon, which gives the corner element resistance to buckling.

After bending, the slots are filled with a filling material which firmly bonds to the material of the plate and prevents the plate from springing back to its level starting position.

Particularly favorable conditions also arise when each leg of the shape of an L-profile engaging corner element extends at least 25 cm, more preferably at least 35 cm in the horizontal direction along the car side to which it is assigned.

It is preferred if circumferentially adjacent corner elements between their vertical side edges have a distance of at least 40 cm, more preferably at least 60 cm.

Within the scope of a particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that a filling element is arranged in each case between two corner elements. Such a filler usually makes no additional amount for load transfer between the car roof and the car floor. Typically, the filling element is single-shelled. Such a filling element can therefore consist of a very inexpensive material, or of a decorative material that takes no account of the strength ratios, such as an opaque or patterned or crystal clear acrylic glass.

Preferably, the filling elements and / or the corner elements are designed so that they can interlock at their vertical impact, preferably on the entire length, in the manner of tongue and groove boards. Not least in the case of fiber materials or fiber composite materials, this facilitates the reliable joining and the production of a surface which may be suitable as a visible surface without further treatment.

It is particularly favorable when the tongue and groove connection is joined with the interposition of a rubber layer surrounding the spring. In this way, it is ruled out that in the region of the tongue and groove connection there is a squeaking or creaking noise or vibration noise, as typically occurs in the case of relative movements between plastic surfaces which bear against one another under tension.

The invention also claims protection for a system for the construction of an elevator car using the corner elements according to the invention. Such a system preferably comprises a car floor, ideally formed by sandwiching a hard foam core with two cover layers, with a circumferentially circumferential flange for connection to the car side walls, a car roof with a peripheral circumferential flange for connection to the car side walls, with a single shell Corner elements and between the corner elements installable filling elements. The system preferably comprises filling elements different widths, so that can be produced with the system cars with different footprint, without having to produce individual corner elements.

Here again, the key advantage of the invention is visible - the fact that only the corner elements are responsible for the transmission of power flow from the car roof to the car floor, slightly different width filling elements can be used. As a result, it is possible to produce bicycles with different layouts in a very rational manner. This is a considerable advantage especially in the renovation of old buildings, where the new car must be adapted as well as possible to the given shaft cross-section.

The system according to the invention may comprise prefabricated filling elements in different widths and / or filling elements whose width is individually tailored in individual cases.

Other modes of operation, design options and advantages of the construction according to the invention will become apparent from the embodiments described with reference to figures.

list of figures

• FIG. 1 shows a car according to the invention in vertical section, ie in section along the longitudinal axis of the associated shaft.
• FIG. 2 shows a car according to the invention in horizontal section just above the bottom platform of the car.
• FIG. 3 shows a corner element according to the invention in detail.
• FIG. 4 shows a tongue and groove connection between a corner element and a filling element in detail.
• FIG. 5 shows a car according to the prior art.

Inventive embodiments Preliminary note

The FIG. 5 shows a car in accordance with the prior art.

Good to see here is the car frame 2, which surrounds the car 1 on all sides and surrounds like a ring. The car or the actual cabin is mounted with the help of buffers 3 noise-insulated on the lower horizontal part of the car frame 2. Often, the elevator car is also connected in its upper part via further buffer 3 noise-insulating with the car frame.

On car frame 2, the rail guides are attached and also the brake or brake safety devices. In addition, the support means 4 are attached to the car frame 2, here for example at its upper horizontally oriented support, so that all loads are removed via the car frame.

Ground platform of the car

The elevator according to the invention, the car 1 (without support means connection) as a whole in FIG. 1 is shown, here goes another way.

The elevator according to the invention preferably has a so-called self-supporting floor platform 5.

From a self-supporting floor platform 5 is then mentioned when the bottom platform is structurally her in a position, preferably all or at least absorb all significant vertical forces occurring during operation, without causing undue deformation. The side walls 6 of Car then have only the task of holding the roof 6a of the car so and possibly to guide the car vertically by forming a base on which then the rail guides of the car are mounted. The roof can be entered by at least two fitters to work from the roof on the elevator system, such as working on the shaft head machine roomlos accommodated drive. Also in this respect, the side walls provide the necessary strength.

Otherwise, the side walls 6 of the car still have the function to support passengers leaning approximately from the inside against the side walls or their eventual handrail, and of course usually with a closed car door substantially closed to the outside cabin, which prevents the Passengers can come into contact with the shaft wall moving past the moving cabin or shaft installations encountered there. The self-supporting floor platform 5 can be designed in different ways, as will be explained in more detail.

Special construction of car side walls

The Figures 1 and 2 show details regarding the car.

Particularly favorable is the interaction of the side walls 6 according to the invention with a self-supporting floor platform 5.

Therefore, it is preferably such that the car side walls 6 are continuous or at least 85% single-shell, with the first alternative being clearly preferred. This is shown by the Figures 1 and 2 with its single-layer sidewalls. The term "consistently single shell" according to the invention means in its broader sense that nowhere in the car side walls in a vertical direction is integrated along all or most of the side wall extending tube profile or several separate plates are superimposed, except at special attachment points, such as a guide shoe which is attached to the (locally) on the car side wall 6 to cooperate with the respective guide rail. Preferably, the term is used in its narrower sense, and then means that in the side walls and not a regional profile pipe profile is integrated.

The car floor 5 is advantageously made of in Fig. 1 hatched illustrated bottom plate 21 formed all around down over her protruding flange 22 forms. The bottom plate 21 is preferably also made of fiber material, but may also be made of sheet metal. The bottom plate is preferably self-supporting, ie it takes without substantial or completely without participation of the side walls 6 and the car roof 6a, the only "self-bear", all loads arising from the suspension of the car 1 on the support means not shown figuratively result and arise when braking or catching the car 1.

Towards the inside of the cabin, a hard foam core 23 ideally lies on the bottom plate 21, which in turn has a rigid foam core 23 Fig. 1 not shown cover plate 24 carries, which represents the bottom-side inner surface of the car floor. The bottom plate 21, the hard foam core 23 and the cover plate 24 are preferably glued or welded together and thus form a sandwich floor. Ideally, such a sandwich floor, which is characterized by its lightweight, underpinned by a chassis, ie a metal frame construction.

The car side walls 6 are usually against the already described, circumferentially circumferential flange 22 of the bottom plate 21 of the car 1 and, as a rule, against a corresponding flange 25 of the car roof 6a. For the necessary frictional engagement of the compound provide screws and more preferably rivets, ideally blind rivets. These fasteners each pass through the relevant car side wall 6 and the relevant flange of the car floor 5 or the car roof 6a and press them together.

The respective flange surface 22, 25 is typically designed so that it is not accessible from the inside of the cabin, but from the outside, namely from the car floor or from the car roof, on its rear side facing the vertical center axis of the car, as in FIG Fig. 1 shown.

Ideally, the car side walls 6 are designed such that the material forming the car side wall in the region of the corners forms a corner element 18 in the form of an L-profile. Preferably, such an L-profile has a generously rounded corner - ie a corner which is formed by an arc with a radius of curvature of preferably at least 40 mm. As far as the curved corner is designed as a polygon, the said radius of curvature is the radius of a circle inscribed in the corner from the inside.

Ideally, each leg of such a corner element 18 extends at least 25 cm, more preferably at least 35 cm in the horizontal direction along the car side to which it is associated.

Such a corner element 18 has a high buckling resistance.

It can also be made of sheet steel or other sufficiently load-bearing material, for example, made of cellular sheets or aluminum.

It can for example be made of sheet metal.

Very preferably, such a corner element consists of a fiber material or of a fiber composite material. It then has (measured perpendicularly to its large surface) preferably a thickness of at least 5 mm, better even at least 7.5 mm. Unlike a thin and therefore possibly also quite light sheet metal, a corner element made of a fiber material or fiber composite material has damping properties, so that it can not come to a drone or audible vibrations during operation.

At least three of the corners of the car, a corresponding L-shaped corner member 18 is mounted, the fourth corner may be formed with regard to a laterally opening sliding door by a special corner member 18 a, which does not surround the corner, but just designed. Apart from the L-shaped design, however, it is also preferred for this particular corner element 18a that what has already been said before and afterwards for the regular corner elements 18 is analogous.

The corner elements 18, 18a cover from the perspective of the passenger inside the car if necessary, also the car rails, which are preferably also accommodated in the region of the corners here.

between two corner elements 18, 18a filling elements 19 are provided. These can for example be made of glass or translucent or opaque plastic, which creates particularly favorable, novel lighting options for the car. To be able to use these, on the outside of the filler elements must radiate from outside to inside Be provided light bulbs, such as corresponding LED fields, which may also provide an ambient lighting, by color change, such as between day and night.

Notwithstanding the fact that the side walls or their corner elements are einschalig, they can be provided with local, usually not in the vertical direction over the entire corner element or the entire side wall extending reinforcing elements, which is not shown here figuratively. Such a reinforcing element can for example serve to attach an upper or lower rail guide on the outside of the car side wall and support such that the forces occurring during operation and decay, in particular horizontal forces, no visible to the naked eye deformation of the relevant Cause sidewall.

If the side wall or the corner element consists of a fiber material or fiber composite material, it is particularly expedient if the respective reinforcing element is laminated or inserted into the material and is preferably already glued to it ready for use. Instead, or, if not completely ready for use bonding, in addition, a screwing or riveting of the respective reinforcing element can be made with the material. In this case, it is preferable to provide on the inside of the cabin a metallic or metal-threaded, optionally laminated counterpart, so that the fiber or fiber composite material is held in a frictionally clamped manner between the reinforcing element and the counterpart.

If the car side walls are made of sheet metal, they can by beading, depressions or local doublings of another sheet metal or sheet metal part of the Provide secure support to the rail guide to be mounted without losing its inherent integrity as long as the term "single shell" is used in a broader sense.

This type of wall design of a car 1 by means of prefabricated corner elements 18, 18a of the type just described is therefore particularly advantageous, because it creates a modular wall system with which can be produced very efficient cars with different footprint. This offers a considerable advantage, in particular in the modernization of existing elevator systems, not least in connection with the possible framelessness of the car.

In such a system come i. d. R. always the same corner elements 18, 18a used. Since exclusively or substantially these are responsible for the non-positive connection between the accessible car roof 6a and the car floor, it is easily possible to respond to different footprint requirements. For this purpose, different widths filling elements 19 are required only in the horizontal direction. Instead, it can also be thought to tailor filling elements 19 with exactly the appropriate width. This can be accomplished simply and without the need for strength calculations or analyzes because of the integrity and the fact that the filler elements are preferably non-structural or at least essentially non-structural elements.

It is particularly useful if the filling elements 19 or corner elements 18, 18a are designed so that they engage in their vertical impact, preferably on the entire length, according to the type of tongue and groove boards. It is particularly useful if there are the corner elements 18, 18a, along their vertical side edges one each have integrally molded or produced by partial milling spring 26, which can be inserted into the corresponding groove of a filling element 19, see. Fig. 2 and 4 ,

Using the tongue and groove connection, despite the Einschaligkeit in a single operation on the inside of the cabin a visually perfect viewing surface can be created without the need for a veneer or additional interior trim.

Instead of bonding, preference is given in many cases to a pure plug connection. The spring 26 of the one element is then preferably inserted with the interposition of a V-shaped wrapped around the spring 26, thin rubber or foam rubber layer M in the groove. This ensures the necessary support and that over the tongue and groove connection no disturbing noises can be transmitted.

Preferably, the corner elements consist of several mats laminated on fiber material, which are usually woven mats.

Ideally, at least one of these mats spans an entire large area of a corner element, preferably the visible side of the corner element facing the car interior.

If the corner element consists of two generally perpendicular legs, which are connected to each other via a radius, carries a corner on its side facing away from the car interior in the region of the radius of curvature more vertically extending slots 20, such as the Fig. 3 shows.

These slots 20 are typically introduced by milling or sawing or cutting in the first flat plate, which should form the respective corner element 18 once. Your preferred width in the horizontal direction is between 0.5 mm and 2.5 mm. Therefore, these slots 20 each intersect a part of the layer of the cured fiber material, but do not penetrate the corner element 18 completely, so that its side facing the cabin interior side has an undisturbed surface. The slots have a slot bottom G and two side walls S.

These slots 20 make it possible to bend a corner element made of a fully hardened, flat plate, which has two legs projecting in different directions, which are connected to each other by a connecting portion with a radius. The slots 20 define a number of sipes on the corner element that can be formed into a curve. The strength of the corner element in the vertical direction is not or not significantly affected by the slots 20.

After bending the first flat plate to the corner element, the slots are filled with a filler 20a, preferably with an adhesive or that resin-hardener mixture, optionally with the addition of fibers, which has also been used as such in the production of the plates. The filling material 20a has such compressive strength that the corner profile retains the shape given to it by bending itself. A slight springback is harmless or can be compensated from the outset by an initially too strong bend.

General remarks

Finally, it should be said that in some (generally not preferred) cases one speaks of a self-supporting ground platform, if the Floor platform not only absorbs the forces occurring during operation, but mainly contributes to the stability, preferably at least 90%.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

car

2

Car frame

3

buffer

4

support means

5

Floor platform or car floor

6

side walls

6a

Roof of elevator car / car

7 to 17

not forgiven

18

Corner

18a

special corner element

19

filler

20

Slot in the corner element

20a

filling material

21

baseplate

22

Flange surface of the bottom plate

23

Rigid foam core

24

cover plate

25

Flange surface of the car roof

26

Spring of a tongue and groove joint

G

slot base

S

Sidewall of a slot

M

Rubber / foam rubber layer

Claims (18)

Elevator having a car (1) which can be moved up and down in the vertical direction along guide rails (8), characterized in that the car floor (5) and the car roof (6a) are connected by single-walled corner elements (18, 18a) running along their sides vertical side edges are each not directly related to each other and on the entire vertical power flow that can occur between the car roof (6 a) and the car floor (5) is forwarded to the car floor (5). Elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that the corner elements (18, 18a) or at least part of the corner elements (18) consist of a fiber material or fiber composite material. Elevator according to claim 2, characterized in that a corner element (18, 18a) comprises at least one mat which spans an entire large area of the corner element (18, 18a) formed under its participation. Elevator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two, more preferably three corner elements (18) have the shape of an L-profile, preferably with a corner, which is formed by an arc with a radius of curvature of preferably at least 40 mm. Elevator according to claim 4, characterized in that one or more corner elements (18) on its side facing away from the inside of the car several preferably parallel to each other extending slots (20) which are filled with a filling material (20a). Elevator according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the slots (20) are milled into the corner element (18) or are sawn. Elevator according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the slots (20) in the vertical direction have a distance from one another, which is between 1 cm and 7 cm, preferably between 2 cm and 4 cm. Elevator according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the slots (20) on the ready-to-install corner element (18) from the slot base (G) of obliquely diverging side walls (S). Elevator according to one of Claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the filling material (20a) comprises or consists solely of an adhesive or a curable resin. Elevator according to claim 4, characterized in that each leg of the shape of an L-profile occupying corner element (18) extends at least 25 cm, more preferably at least 35 cm in the horizontal direction along the car side to which it is associated. Elevator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in each case a filling element (19) is arranged between two corner elements (18, 18a). Elevator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling element (19) is transparent or translucent and preferably made of plastic, wherein preferably on the shaft side of a filling element, a lighting means is mounted, which radiates through the filling element into the cabin interior. Lift according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling elements (19) or corner elements (18, 18a) are designed so that they at their vertical shock, preferably along its entire length, according to the type of groove and Interlocking spring boards. Elevator according to claim 12, characterized in that the tongue and groove connection is joined with the interposition of a rubber layer surrounding the spring. Elevator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the corner elements (18, 18a) is preferably provided with at least one local reinforcing element, each corner element (18, 18a) having a mounting base for at least one functional element preferably enabling the ferry operation directly, as a rail guide 7a, 7b forms. Elevator according to claim 15, characterized in that at least one corner element (18, 18a) consists of a fiber material or fiber composite material and the preferably present, at least one reinforcing element laminated or inserted into the material and preferably already thereby glued ready for use. Elevator according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the reinforcing element is directly frictionally connected to the car floor (5). System for constructing an elevator car according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a car floor (5), preferably formed by sandwiching a hard foam core (23) with two cover layers, with a circumferential flange (22) for connection to the car side walls (6) Car roof (6a) with a peripheral circumferential
Flange (2 5) for connection to the car side walls (6), one-cornered corner elements (18, 18 a) and insertable between the corner elements filling elements (19), the system preferably comprises filling elements (19) with different widths, so that with the System to produce cars (1) with different base areas, without having to produce individual sidewall parts.

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