EP3155079A1 - Huile de compresseur contenant une huile de base biosourcée - Google Patents

Huile de compresseur contenant une huile de base biosourcée

Info

Publication number
EP3155079A1
EP3155079A1 EP15806579.7A EP15806579A EP3155079A1 EP 3155079 A1 EP3155079 A1 EP 3155079A1 EP 15806579 A EP15806579 A EP 15806579A EP 3155079 A1 EP3155079 A1 EP 3155079A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor oil
oil
compressor
astm
biobased
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15806579.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3155079A4 (fr
Inventor
Hyeok Hahn
Jeffrey Brown
Paula VETTEL
Jason Wells
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Novvi LLC
Original Assignee
Novvi LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Novvi LLC filed Critical Novvi LLC
Publication of EP3155079A1 publication Critical patent/EP3155079A1/fr
Publication of EP3155079A4 publication Critical patent/EP3155079A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
    • C10M2203/0206—Well-defined aliphatic compounds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
    • C10M2203/024—Well-defined aliphatic compounds unsaturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/04—Well-defined cycloaliphatic compounds
    • C10M2203/045—Well-defined cycloaliphatic compounds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/026—Butene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/2805—Esters used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/1033—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/081—Biodegradable compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/18—Anti-foaming property
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/24—Emulsion properties
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    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/45—Ash-less or low ash content
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    • C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
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    • C10N2030/66—Hydrolytic stability
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/70—Soluble oils
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to compressor fluids.
  • the disclosure relates to compressor oil comprising a biobased
  • hydrocarbon such as isoparaffinic hydrocarbon derived from hydrocarbon terpenes such as myrcene, ocimene and farnesene.
  • Compressed air is vital to modern day industrial operations and its importance is often compared to basic industrial utilities such electricity, oil, gas, and water.
  • Applications for compressed air include, without limitation, uses in environmental engineering, construction, mining, forging and other uses in foundries, metal working, plastic molding, wood working, automotive manufacturing, chemical manufacturing, food processing, paper manufacturing, textile processing, repair shops, and medical facilities. Compressors consume about 10% of global production of electricity.
  • compressor oil performs five vital functions. It provides lubrication to mechanical parts of
  • compressor provides protection against physical and chemical damage, provides sealing, provides cooling to internal parts, and removes contaminants.
  • Oxidative stability can be evaluated many different ways.
  • Industrial standards include, for example, ASTM-D2272-1 1 (Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel), ASTM-D943 (Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils), DIN 51352 (determination of ageing characteristics of lubricating oils; Conradson carbon residue after aging by passing air through the lubricating oil in the presence of iron(l l l)oxide), and other equivalent or similar types of tests.
  • Hydrolytic stability can be evaluated using standardized test methods such as, for example, ASTM-D2619-09 (Standard Test Method for Hydrolytic Stability of Hydraulic Fluids, Beverage Bottle Method) or equivalent or similar test methods.
  • Separation speed and degree of separation of air from oil samples can be tested by standardized test methods such as, for example, ASTM-D3427-12 (Standard Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petroleum Oils) or equivalent or similar methods.
  • Foam prevention characteristics of oil samples can be tested by standardized test methods such as, for example, ASTM-D892 (Standard Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils) or equivalent methods.
  • Lubrication capability of an oil sample is greatly influenced by its viscosity which determines film thickness and film strength of the liquid under various conditions (i.e. temperature, shearing speed, and etc.).
  • Standardized test methods such as, for example, ASTM-D445-12 (Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of
  • Viscosity at 40 and 100°C Viscosity at 40 and 100°C. This method and equivalent methods are used to represent the impact of temperature change on the viscosity of an oil sample.
  • Preliminary evaluation of the wear prevention characteristic of an oil sample in sliding contact can be evaluated using standardized test method such as ASTM D4172-94(2010) (Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Fluid, Four-Ball Method) or equivalent methods.
  • Rust and corrosion prevention capability of an oil sample can be evaluated using standardized test methods such as ASTM-D130-12 (Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test), ASTM-D665-12 (Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the
  • the cooling and heat transfer capability of oil samples can be evaluated by determination of their specific heat and thermal conductivity.
  • the specific heat of a liquid sample can be evaluated using standardized test methods such as, for example, ASTM-E1269-12 (Determining Specific Heat Capacity by Differential Scanning Calorimetry), ASTM-E2716-09 (Determining Specific Heat Capacity by Sinusoidal Modulated Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry), or equivalent methods.
  • Thermal conductivity can be evaluated using standardized test methods such as, for example, ASTM-E1952-1 1 (Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity by Modulated Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry) or equivalent methods.
  • the condensate should be piped from automatic drain valves to oil/water separators to remove the oil from the condensate prior to discharge to a drain.
  • Environmental regulations strictly prohibit the discharge of oily wastes and chemicals, including the condensate drained from a compressed air system. Because of these requirements, municipalities regulate the discharge of compressor condensate to surface water, wastewater treatment facilities, and sanitary sewers.
  • Compressor condensate must be either collected or treated prior to disposal.
  • An oil/water separator can be used to remove oil from the condensate.
  • Collection involves the drainage of the condensate into drums or storage tanks, which are then hauled away to an approved disposal facility.
  • Transportation, storage, and disposal costs (TSD) can exceed $500 for a single 55-gallon (208 liter) drum.
  • a typical 25 hp (18 kW) compressed air system will generate approximately 20 gallons (76 liters) of condensate in one day.
  • Eleven 55-gallon (208 liter) drums are required to dispose of the condensate produced in only one month of operation resulting in a cost of about $5,500.
  • the condensate is approximately 95% water and 5% oil, oil/water separators have been developed to reduce or eliminate the amount of oil in the condensate.
  • An oil/water separator system installed on the 25 hp (18 kW) compressed air system example above, can reduce the number of 55-gallon (208 liter) drums from eleven to less than one drum per month, reducing condensate disposal costs by about $5,000 per month.
  • EAL environmentally acceptable lubricants
  • EPA US Environmental Protection Agency
  • NPDES Final National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
  • VGP Vessel General Permit
  • EAL EAL
  • labeling programs Blue Angel, European Ecolabel, Nordic Swan, the Swedish Standards SS 155434 and 155470, Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR) requirements, and EPA's Design for the Environment (DfE).
  • a biodegradable oil is especially desirable for electrical apparatuses such as transformers used in populated areas, underground, near water, non-stationary, or other
  • Biodegradability can be determined using one or more standardized test procedures and can provide valuable insight in comparing the potential risk of different lubricant products to the environment.
  • One such guideline and test method has been set by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for degradation and accumulation testing.
  • the OECD has indicated that several tests may be used to determine the "ready biodegradability" of organic chemicals.
  • aerobic ready biodegradability by the OECD 301 B method tests material over a 28-day period and determines biodegradation of the material by measuring the evolution of carbon dioxide from the microbial oxidation of the material's organic carbon.
  • the carbon dioxide produced is trapped in barium hydroxide solution and is quantified by titration of residual hydroxide with standardized hydrogen chloride. To determine the percent
  • the amount of carbon dioxide produced microbially from the test material is compared to its theoretical carbon dioxide content (the complete oxidation of the carbon in the test material to CO 2 ).
  • Positive controls using sodium benzoate as a reference material, are run to check the viability of the aerobic microorganisms used in the procedure. Blank controls are also run in parallel. Tests, controls, and blanks are run in duplicate.
  • environmental performance and/or physical properties such as better oxidative stability, low volatility, improved separation of oil from water (and air), and anti-wear properties.
  • one aspect of the present disclosure is a compressor oil comprising a biobased hydrocarbon base oil, wherein the biobased hydrocarbon base oil has renewable carbon content greater than 40 wt% as measured by ASTM- D6866-12, and at least one antioxidant wherein the oxidative stability of the compressor oil is at least 1 ,000 minutes as determined by ASTM-D2272-1 1 .
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure is a compressor oil having greater than 25% renewable carbon content measured by ASTM-D6866-12 and having the following properties: a kinematic viscosity at 40°C in range of 30cSt to 500cSt as measured by ASTM- D445-12 or equivalent method; a viscosity index greater than 120;
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure is a compressor oil having an improved specific heat value of at least 2.3 J/g °K at 50°C as determined by using standardized test methods such as, for example, ASTM-E1269-12 (Determining
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure is a compressor oil comprising a biobased hydrocarbon base oil having an average molecular weight (weight average) between 300 g/mol and 1500 g/mol, and an additive package, the additive package comprising an anti-oxidant.
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure is a compressor oil comprising a biobased hydrocarbon base oil, the compressor oil having a biodegradable rate in excess of 60% as determined in accordance with OECD 301 B.
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure is a compressor oil comprising a biobased base oil having the molecular structure:
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure is a compressor oil comprising a biobased base oil, wherein at least about 20% of the carbon atoms in the biobased base oil originate from renewable carbon sources and the compressor oil meets DIN 51506 -VDL.
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure is a compressor oil comprising a biobased base oil, wherein at least about 20% of the carbon atoms in the biobased base oil originate from renewable carbon sources and the compressor oil has a TAN ⁇ 2 at 1000 hours as determined in accordance with ASTM D943-04a (2010)e1 .
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure is a compressor oil comprising a biobased hydrocarbon base oil, wherein at least about 20% of the carbon atoms in the biobased base oil originate from renewable carbon sources and the compressor oil has a pour point of less than -40 °C.
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure is a compressor oil comprising a biobased hydrocarbon base oil, the compressor oil being compatible with and suitable for mixing with a Group I, Group II, or Group III based compressor oil.
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure is a compressor oil having an ISO viscosity grade of 2 to 46,000 and comprising:
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure is a compressor oil comprising: (a) a base oil having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 300 to 600 g/mol, a viscosity index greater than 120 and less than 140; and (b) an anti-wear hydraulic oil additive package; wherein the compressor oil has (i) an air release by ASTM D 3427-012 of less than 3 minutes at 50 °C, (ii) a Sequence II foam tendency by ASTM D 892-13 of less than 50 ml, and a biodegradability rate of at least 60% as determined by OECD 301 B.
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure is a compressor lubricated by a compressor oil according to any of the preceding paragraphs.
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure is a method of improving efficiency of operation of compressor, compressed gas, and compressed air system using compressor oil according to any of the preceding paragraphs.
  • Figure 1 is a pair of bar charts comparing Hydrolytic Stability
  • Figure 2 is a bar chart comparing Air Release Time from Compressor Oil by ASTM-D3427-12, Standard Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petroleum Oils for several compressor oil formulations.
  • Figure 3 is a bar chart comparing Separation of Compressor Oil from Water by ASTM-D1401 -12, Standard Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids for several compressor oil formulations.
  • Figure 4 is a bar chart comparing Size of Wear Scar by ASTM-D4172- 94(2010), Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Fluid, Four-Ball Method for several compressor oil compositions.
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing a Comparison of Specific Heat of a biobased base oil based compressor oil with other commercially available compressor oils.
  • Figure 6 is a graph showing a Comparison of Biodegradation Curves obtained from OECD 301 B method and ISO32 grade Base Oils.
  • Figure 7 is a Biodegradation Curve obtained using Compressor Oil formulated with Biobased Base Oil from OECD 301 B method.
  • Base oils and more particularly isoparaffins, derived from biobased hydrocarbon terpenes such as myrcene, ocimene and farnesene, have been described in PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/024926, entitled “Base Oils and Methods for Making the Same,” filed, February 13, 2012 and published as WO 2012/141784 on October 18, 2012, by Nicholas Ohler, et al., and assigned to Amyris, Inc. in Emeryville, California. These base oils have been stated to have utility as lubricant base stocks.
  • terpenes are capable of being derived from isopentyl pyrophosphate or dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and the term "terpene” encompasses hemiterpenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenees,
  • a hydrocarbon terpene contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms and no heteroatoms such as oxygen, and in some embodiments has the general formula (C5H 8 ) n , where n is 1 or greater.
  • conjugated terpene or “conjugated hydrocarbon terpene” refers to a terpene comprising at least one conjugated diene moiety.
  • the conjugated diene moiety of a conjugated terpene may have any stereochemistry ⁇ e.g., cis or trans) and may be part of a longer conjugated segment of a terpene, e.g., the conjugated diene moiety may be part of a conjugated triene moiety.
  • Hydrocarbon terpenes also encompass
  • hydrocarbon terpenes include isoprene, myrcene, a-ocimene, ⁇ -ocimene, a-farnesene, ⁇ -farnesene, ⁇ -springene, geranylfarnesene, neophytadiene, c/s-phyta-1 ,3-diene, trans- phyta-1 ,3-diene, isodehydrosqualene, isosqualane precursor I, and isosqualane precursor II.
  • terpene and isoprenoids may be used interchangeably and are a large and varied class of organic molecules that can be produced by a wide variety of plants and some insects.
  • terpenes or isoprenoid compounds can also be made from organic compounds such as sugars by microorganisms, including bioengineered microorganisms, such as yeast. Because terpenes or isoprenoid compounds can be obtained from various renewable sources, they are useful monomers for making eco- friendly and renewable base oils.
  • the conjugated hydrocarbon terpenes are derived from microorganisms using a renewable carbon source, such as a sugar.
  • hydrocarbon base oil of Table I or another biobased hydrocarbon base oil of the present disclosure, about 20 weight percent (wt %) up to about 100 wt % of the biobased hydrocarbon base oil may be used.
  • wt % additives namely one or more
  • a blend component comprising one or more oils or liquids may also be used as the base oil to formulate or complete the compressor oil, or to adjust the viscosity of the fluid or some other desired characteristic.
  • Such additive oils or liquids may be selected from one or more of the following: microbial oils, vegetable oils, seed oils, mineral oils, isoparaffinic hydrocarbon fluids, silicone fluids, synthetic esters, poly alpha-olefins, polysiloxanes, pentaerythritol esters, poly(butane) liquids, and
  • biobased oils may be used as a base oil in a similar manner, with attention to viscosity as with the biobased hydrocarbon base oil.
  • biobased base oil is understood to mean any biologically derived oil to be used as a base oil in a compressor oil.
  • oils may be made, for non-limiting example, from biological organisms designed to manufacture specific oils, as discussed in PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2012/024926, published as WO 2012/141784, cited above, but do not include petroleum distilled or processed oils such as for non-limiting example mineral oils.
  • a suitable method to assess materials derived from renewable resources is through ASTM D6866-12, "Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocarbon Analysis.”
  • Counts from 14 C in a sample can be compared directly or through secondary standards to SRM 4990C.
  • a measurement of 0% 14 C relative to the appropriate standard indicates carbon originating entirely from fossils ⁇ e.g., petroleum based).
  • a measurement of 100% 14 C indicates carbon originating entirely from modern sources.
  • a measurement of >100% 14 C indicates the source of carbon has an age of more than several years. See, e.g., WO 2012/141784, incorporated herein by reference.
  • At least about 20% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by a compressor oil originate from renewable carbon sources.
  • at least about 30% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by a compressor oil originate from renewable carbon sources.
  • at least about 40% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by a compressor oil originate from renewable carbon sources.
  • at least about 50% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by a compressor oil originate from renewable carbon sources.
  • at least about 60% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by a compressor oil originate from renewable carbon sources.
  • At least about 70% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by a compressor oil originate from renewable carbon sources.
  • at least about 80% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by a compressor oil originate from renewable carbon sources.
  • at least about 90% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by a compressor oil originate from renewable carbon sources.
  • the carbon atoms of the base oil component of the compressor oil comprises at least about 95%, at least about 97%, at least about 99%, or about 100% of originate from renewable carbon sources.
  • the origin of carbon atoms in the reaction product adducts may be determined by any suitable method, including but not limited to reaction mechanism combined with analytical results that demonstrate structure and/or molecular weight of adducts, or by carbon dating (e.g., according to ASTM D6866-12 "Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocarbon Analysis," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • a ratio of carbon 14 to carbon 12 isotopes in the biobased base oil can be measured by liquid scintillation counting and/or isotope ratio mass spectroscopy to determine the amount of modern carbon content in the sample.
  • a measurement of no modern carbon content indicates all carbon is derived from fossil fuels.
  • a sample derived from renewable carbon sources will indicate a concomitant amount of modern carbon content, up to 100%.
  • one or more repeating units of a biobased hydrocarbon base oil is a specific species of partially hydrogenated conjugated hydrocarbon terpenes.
  • Such specific species of partially hydrogenated conjugated terpenes may or may not be produced by a hydrogenation process.
  • a partially hydrogenated hydrocarbon terpene species is prepared by a method that includes one or more steps in addition to or other than catalytic hydrogenation.
  • Non-limiting examples of specific species partially hydrogenated conjugated hydrocarbon terpenes include any of the structures provided herein for dihydrofarnesene, tetrahydrofarnesene, and hexahydrofarnesene; any of the structures provided herein for dihydromyrcene and tetrahydromyrcene; and any of the structures provided herein for dihydroocimene and tetrahydroocimene.
  • One example of a particular species of partially hydrogenated conjugated hydrocarbon terpene that may have utility as a feedstock is a terminal olefin having a saturated hydrocarbon tail with structure (A1 1 ):
  • n 1 , 2, 3, or 4.
  • a mono-olefinic alpha-olefin having structure A1 1 may be derived from a conjugated hydrocarbon terpene wherein the conjugated diene is at the 1 ,3 -position of the terpene.
  • alpha-olefins derived from a 1 ,3- diene conjugated hydrocarbon terpene (e.g., a C10-C30 conjugated hydrocarbon terpene such as farnesene, myrcene, ocimene, springene, geranylfarnesene, neophytadiene, trans-phyta- 1 ,3 -diene, or cz's-phyta-l,3-diene).
  • a 1 ,3- diene conjugated hydrocarbon terpene e.g., a C10-C30 conjugated hydrocarbon terpene such as farnesene, myrcene, ocimene, springene, geranylfarnesene, neophytadiene, trans-phyta- 1 ,3 -diene, or cz's-phyta-l,3-diene.
  • a mono-olefinic alpha-olefin having structure A1 1 may be prepared from the appropriate conjugated hydrocarbon terpene using any suitable method.
  • the mono-olefinic alpha-olefin having structure A1 1 is produced from primary alcohol of corresponding to the hydrocarbon terpene (e.g., farnesol in the case of farnesene, or geraniol in the case of myrcene).
  • the methods comprise hydrogenating the primary alcohol, forming a carboxylic acid ester or carbamate ester from the hydrogenated alcohol, and pyrolizing the ester (or heating the ester to drive the elimination reaction) to form the alpha-olefin with a saturated hydrocarbon tail, e.g., as described in Smith, L. E.; Rouault, G. F., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 745-750, for the preparation of 3,7-dimethyloctene, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • the primary alcohol of the corresponding hydrocarbon terpene may be obtained using any suitable method.
  • Alpha-olefins having the general structure A1 1 from conjugated hydrocarbon terpenes may be prepared via other schemes.
  • the hydrocarbon terpene has a conjugated diene at the 1 ,3-position, and the conjugated diene can be functionalized with any suitable protecting group known to one of skill in the art in a first step (which may comprise one reaction or more than one reaction).
  • the remaining olefinic bonds can be saturated in a second step (which may comprise one reaction or more than one reaction), and the protecting group can be eliminated to produce an alpha-olefin having the general structure A1 1 in a third step (which may comprise one reaction or more than one reaction).
  • a hydrocarbon terpene having a 1 ,3-conjugated diene may be reacted with an amine (e.g., a dialkyl amine such as dimethylamine or diethylamine) in the first step to produce an amine having the formula N(R )(R 2 )(R3), where Ri and R2 are alkyl groups such as methyl or ethyl, and R3 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon originating from the conjugated terpene.
  • an amine e.g., a dialkyl amine such as dimethylamine or diethylamine
  • the resulting amine may be oxidized to the N-oxide using hydrogen peroxide followed by elimination to the aldehyde using acetic anhydride. Hydrogenation of the aldehyde in the presence of a catalyst may be carried out to saturate any remaining olefinic bonds on the aliphatic tail originating from the hydrocarbon terpene, and the aldehyde functionality may be eliminated to produce an alpha-olefin having structure A1 1 .
  • Scheme I illustrates an example of such a preparation of an alpha-olefin having structure A1 1 using ⁇ -farnesene as a model compound.
  • the amine N(Ri)(R 2 )(R3) can be hydrogenated (e.g., using an appropriate catalyst), treated with peroxide, and heated to undergo elimination to form an alpha-olefin having structure A1 1 (e.g., compound A12 if ⁇ -farnesene is used as the starting hydrocarbon terpene).
  • Scheme II illustrates this method using ⁇ -farnesene as a model compound.
  • a hydrogenated primary alcohol corresponding to a hydrocarbon terpene e.g., hydrogenated farnesol or hydrogenated geraniol
  • a hydrogenated primary alcohol corresponding to a hydrocarbon terpene can be dehydrated using basic aluminum oxide ⁇ e.g., at a temperature of about 250°C) to make an alpha-olefin having the general structure A1 1 .
  • Any suitable dehydration apparatus can be used, but in some variations, a hot tube reactor (e.g., at 250°C) is used to carry out a dehydration of a primary alcohol.
  • hydrogenated farnesol can be dehydrated using basic aluminum oxide ⁇ e.g., in a hot tube reactor at 250°C) to make compound A12, or an isomer thereof .
  • a mono-olefin having the general structure A13, A15 or A1 1 may in certain instances be derived from a conjugated hydrocarbon terpene having a 1 ,3-diene moiety, such as myrcene, farnesene, springene, geranylfarnesene, neophytadiene, frans-phyta-1 ,3-diene, or c/ ' s-phyta-1 ,3-diene.
  • the conjugated may be functionalized with a protecting group ⁇ e.g., via a Diels- Alder reaction) in a first step, exocyclic olefinic bonds hydrogenated in a second step, and the protecting group eliminated in a third step.
  • a conjugated hydrocarbon terpene having a 1 ,3-diene is reacted with SO 2 in the presence of a catalyst to form a Diels-Alder adduct.
  • the Diels-Alder adduct may be hydrogenated with an appropriate hydrogenation catalyst to saturate exocyclic olefinic bonds.
  • a retro Diels-Alder reaction may be carried out on hydrogenated adduct (e.g., by heating, and in some instances in the presence of an appropriate catalyst) to eliminate the sulfone to form a 1 ,3-diene.
  • the 1 ,3-diene can then be selectively hydrogenated using a catalyst known in the art to result in a mono-olefin having structure A1 1 , A13 or A15, or a mixture of two or more of the foregoing.
  • Non-limiting examples of regioselective hydrogenation catalysts for 1 ,3- dienes are provided in Jong Tae Lee et al, "Regioselective hydrogenation of conjugated dienes catalyzed by hydridopentacyanocobaltate anion using ⁇ -cyclodextrin as the phase transfer agent and lanthanide halides as promoters," J. Org. Chem., 1990, 55 (6), pp. 1854-1856, in V. M. Frolov et al, "Highly active supported palladium catalysts for selective hydrogenation of conjugated dienes into olefins," Reaction Kinetics and
  • ⁇ - farnesene can be reacted with SO 2 in the presence of a catalyst to form a Diels-Alder adduct, which is subsequently hydrogenated, and the sulfone eliminated to form a 1 ,3- diene, which is subsequently selectively hydrogenated using a catalyst known in the art for regioselective hydrogen additions to 1 ,3-dienes to form 3,7,1 l-trimethyldodec-2-ene, 3,7,1 1 - trimethyldodec-1 -ene, or 3-methylene-7,1 1 -dimethyldodecane, or a mixture of any two or more of the foregoing.
  • a terminal olefin of the general structure A14 may be made from a conjugated hydrocarbon terpene having a 1 ,3-conjugated diene and at least one additional olefinic bond (e.g., myrcene, farnesene, springene, or geranylfarnesene):
  • a compound having the structure A14 may be derived from an unsaturated primary alcohol corresponding to the relevant hydrocarbon terpene (e.g., farnesol in the case of farnesene, or geraniol in the case of myrcene).
  • the unsaturated primary alcohol may be exposed to a suitable catalyst under suitable reaction conditions to dehydrate the primary alcohol to form the terminal olefin A 14.
  • a stoichiometric deoxygenation-reduction reaction may be conducted to form compounds having structure A14 from a primary alcohol (e.g., farnesol or geraniol) of a hydrocarbon terpene.
  • a primary alcohol e.g., farnesol or geraniol
  • One prophetic example of such a reaction can be conducted according to a procedure described in Dieguez et al, "Weakening C-0 Bonds: Ti(lll), a New Reagent for Alcohol Deoxygenation and Carbonyl Coupling Olefination," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, vol. 132, pp.
  • a mixture of titanocene dichloride ( ⁇ 5 - C 5 H 5 )2TiCI 2 (Cp 2 TiCI 2 ) (3.88 mmol) and Mn dust (2.77 mmol) in strictly deoxygenated tetrahyrofuran (THF) (7 mL) can be heated at reflux under stirring until the red solution turns green. Then, to this mixture can be added a solution of the primary alcohol ⁇ e.g., farnesol or geraniol) (1 .85 mmol) in strictly deoxygenated THF (4 mL).
  • THF tetrahyrofuran
  • reaction can be quenched with 1 N HCI and extracted with tert- butylmethyl ether (t-BuOMe).
  • t-BuOMe tert- butylmethyl ether
  • the organic phase can be washed with brine, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to yield a crude product, which can be purified, e.g., by column chromatography (hexane/t-BuOMe, 8:1 ) over silica gel column to afford a compound having structure A14 (e.g., 3,7,1 1 -trimethyldodeca-1 ,6,10-triene if farnesol is used as the starting material).
  • structure A14 e.g., 3,7,1 1 -trimethyldodeca-1 ,6,10-triene if farnesol is used as the starting material.
  • the resulting crude may be purified, e.g., by column chromatography (hexane/t-BuOMe, 8:1 ) on silica gel to afford compound having structure A14 ⁇ e.g., 3,7,1 1 -trimethyldodeca-1 ,6,10-triene if farnesol is used as the starting material).
  • An olefinic feedstock as described herein may comprise any useful amount of the particular species (e.g., alpha-olefinic species having structure A1 1 , A12 or A15, mono-olefinic species having structure A13, or unsaturated terminal olefin species having structure A14), made either by a partial hydrogenation route or by another route, e.g., as described herein.
  • alpha-olefinic species having structure A1 1 , A12 or A15 mono-olefinic species having structure A13, or unsaturated terminal olefin species having structure A14
  • an olefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% species having structure A1 1 , A12, A13, A14, or A15.
  • an olefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% 3,7,1 1 -trimethyldodec-1 -ene.
  • an olefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% 3-methylene-7,1 1 -dimethyldodecane.
  • an olefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% 3,7,1 1 -trimethyldodec-2-ene.
  • an olefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% 3,7,1 1 - trimethyldodeca-1 ,6,10-triene.
  • an olefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% 3,7-dimethyloct-1 - ene.
  • an olefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% 3,7-dimethyloct-2-ene.
  • an olefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% 3,7-dimethylocta-1 ,6-diene.
  • the hydrocarbon terpene feedstock comprising alpha-olefinic species or internal olefinic species of partially hydrogenated hydrocarbon terpenes are suitable for catalytic reaction with one or more alpha-olefins to form a mixture of isoparaffins comprising adducts of the terpene and the one or more alpha-olefins.
  • at least a portion of the mixture of isoparaffins so produced may be used as a base oil.
  • the compressor oil compositions of the present disclosure comprise a biobased base oil and one or more additives constituting an "additive package" for the compressor oil formulation.
  • the additive package may comprise one or more of the following additives (or a combination of additives from one class, e.g., a combination of anti-oxidants) in the following ranges (as a weight percentage of the compressor oil formulation).
  • Oxidation stability is a resistance of the compressor oil to heat-induced degradation caused by a chemical reaction with oxygen.
  • Compressor oil compositions should preferably resist oxidation. Additives often help the fluid with this goal, improving the stability and extending the life of the fluid.
  • the compressor oil formulation comprises an antioxidant.
  • the compressor oil formulation will comprise about 0.01 -5% anti-oxidant.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 0.05-2% anti-oxidant.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 0.1 - 1 % anti-oxidant.
  • the anti-oxidant may be a single antioxidant or it may comprise a combination of anti-oxidants. Further, in each of these embodiments, the anti-oxidant(s) may be selected from among phenolic, aminic, sulfur/phosphorous anti-oxidants or combinations thereof.
  • Antioxidants are typically free-radical traps, acting as free-radical reaction chain breakers. That is, effective antioxidants may be selected from radical scavengers such as phenolic, aminic antioxidants, or synergistic mixtures of these. For example, sulfurized phenolic antioxidants and organic phosphites are useful as components of such mixtures. Many antioxidant additives that are known and used in the formulation of lubricant products are suitable for use with the compressor oil formulation described in this disclosure.
  • antioxidants examples include without limitation butylated hydroxyanisole, di-butyl-paracresol (BHT), alkylated diphenylamines, tocopherol (vitamin-E), ⁇ -carotene, sterically hindered alkylthiomethylphenol, 2-(1 ,1 -Dimethylethyl)-1 ,4-benzenediol, l,2-dihydro-2,2,4- trimethylquinoline, ascorbyl palmitate, propyl gallate, and mixtures of these.
  • BHT di-butyl-paracresol
  • vitamin-E tocopherol
  • ⁇ -carotene sterically hindered alkylthiomethylphenol
  • 2-(1 ,1 -Dimethylethyl)-1 ,4-benzenediol l,2-dihydro-2,2,4- trimethylquinoline
  • ascorbyl palmitate propyl gallate
  • Compressor oil for an application in the environmentally sensitive areas requires environmental performance of toxicity and biodegradability in addition to improved oxidation stability requirement.
  • Some of the above listed chemistries can meet both requirements along with thiodiethylene bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxyhydrocinnamate).
  • This chemistry is a sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant.
  • This chemistry is excellent for inhibiting oxidation and increasing thermal stability for hydrocarbon base oils.
  • the preferred chemistry has low toxicity to aquatic fish and plants making it ideal for environmental applications.
  • Other types of phenolic anti-oxidants are available.
  • the chemistry preferably contains no (or at least no detectible) or minimal levels of sulfur or
  • phosphorus to meet toxicity specifications for the formulation. This can allow the treat rate to be larger, up to 5%, preferably ⁇ 2%, more preferable, ⁇ 1 %.
  • These types of antioxidants can be in liquid form and this is the preferred state for ease of manufacturing.
  • octylated/butylated diphenylamine or alkylated phenyl-a-naphthylamine chemistry can be used. This aminic chemistry can be used alone or in combination with the phenolic anti-oxidants for synergistic effects. Depending on the type of amine chemistry the toxicity effects on the overall formulation may vary.
  • the treat rate may be ⁇ 0.5% versus the naphthylamine which can treat at higher rates and up to 5%.
  • Each of these chemistries contain nitrogen at levels ⁇ 5% but contain no Sulfur or Phosphorous compounds.
  • phenolic antioxidants examples include 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, liquid mixtures of tertiary butylated phenols, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 4,4'- methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl6-tert-butylphenol), mixed methylene-bridged polyalkyl phenols, 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidene-bis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-isopropylidene-bis(2,6-di-tert- butylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol), 2,2'-isobutylidene-bis(4,6- dimethylphenol), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-
  • the antioxidant is an organic phosphonate having at least one direct carbon-to-phosphorus linkage.
  • Diphenylamine-type oxidation inhibitors include, but are not limited to, alkylated diphenylamine, phenyl-a-naphthylamine, and alkylated-a-naphthylamine.
  • Other types of oxidation inhibitors include metal dithiocarbamate (e.g., zinc dithiocarbamate), and 15- methylenebis(dibutyldithiocarbannate).
  • class of antioxidants suitable for food grade industrial lubricant formulation are also useful in the compressor oil described in the current disclosure.
  • antioxidants include, without limitation, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), di-butyl-paracresol (BHT), phenyl-a- naphthylamine (PANA), octylated/butylated diphenylamine, tocopherol (vitamin-E), ⁇ - carotene, sterically hindered alkylthiomethylphenol, 2-(1 ,1 -Dimethylethyl)-1 ,4- benzenediol, l,2-dihydro-2,2,4- trimethylquinoline, ascorbyl palmitate, propyl gallate, high molecular weight phenolic antioxidants, hindered bis-phenolic antioxidant, and mixtures of these.
  • exemplary phenolic anti-oxidants include: 2-t- butyl-4-heptyl phenol; 2-t-butyl-4-octyl phenol; 2-t-butyl-4-dodecyl phenol; 2,6-di-t-butyl- 4-heptyl phenol; 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-dodecyl phenol; 2-methyl-6-di-t-butyl-4-heptyl phenol; and 2-methyl-6-di-t-butyl-4-dodecyl phenol.
  • ortho coupled phenols examples include: 2,2'-bis(6t-butyl-4-heptyl phenol); 2,2'-bis(6-t-butyl-4-octyl phenol); and 2,2'-bis(6-t-butyl- 4-dodecyl phenol).
  • Sulfur containing phenolics may also be used to advantage in certain embodiments.. The sulfur can be present as either aromatic or aliphatic sulfur within the phenolic antioxidant molecule.
  • exemplary aminic anti-oxidants include ⁇ , ⁇ '- dihexyldiphenylamine; p,p'-diheptyldiphenylamine; ⁇ , ⁇ '-dioctyldiphenylamine; ⁇ , ⁇ '- dinonyldiphenylamine; ⁇ , ⁇ '-didecyldiphenylamine; p,p'-didodecyldiphenylamine;
  • octylphenyl- -naphthylamine t-octylphenyl-a-naphthylamine; phenyl-a-naphthylamine; phenyl- -naphthylamine; p-octyl phenyl-a-naphthylamine; 4-octylphenyl-l-octyl- - naphthylamine.
  • exemplary sulfur/phosphorous anti-oxidants include n-dodecyl-2-hydroxyethyl sulphide; 1 -(tert-dodecylthio)-2-propanol; dibenzyl sulfide, polysulfides, diaryl sulfides, modified thiols, mercaptobenzimidazoles, thiophene derivatives, xanthogenates, and thioglycols, 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butyl benzyl thiol)acetate, alkylthiocarbamoyl with linear and branched alkyl groups of from 3-30 carbon atoms, alkyl and aryl mono, di, triphosphites with linear or branched alkyl or aryl group from 4-20 carbon atoms, thio and dithiophosphates with linear or branched alkyl or aryl groups from 4-20 carbon
  • the compressor oil formulation comprises an anti- wear/extreme pressure additive.
  • the compressor oil formulation may comprise about 0.01 -10% anti-wear/extreme pressure additive.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 0.01 -2% anti-wear/extreme pressure additive.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 0.1 -1 % anti-wear/extreme pressure additive.
  • the anti-wear/extreme pressure additive may be a single anti-wear/extreme pressure additive or it may comprise a combination of anti-wear/extreme pressure additives. Further, in each of these embodiments, the anti-wear/extreme pressure additive may be selected from among the following compositions:
  • each alkyl group contains about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms.
  • alkyl moieties include butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, n- hexyl, sec-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl and dodecyl;
  • a rust inhibitor is an additive that is mixed with a compressor oil base oil to prevent rust in finished compressor oil applications.
  • Examples of commercial rust inhibitors are metal sulfonates, alkylamines, alkyl amine phosphates, alkenyl succinic acids, fatty acids, and acid phosphate esters.
  • Rust inhibitors are sometimes comprised of one or more active ingredients. Examples of applications where rust inhibitors are needed include: internal combustion engines, turbines, electric and mechanical rotary machinery, hydraulic equipment, gears, and compressors. Rust inhibitors work by interacting with steel surfaces to form a surface film or neutralize acids. Rust inhibitors are effective in some embodiments of the compressor oil when they are used in an amount less than 25 weight percent. In some other embodiments, rush inhibitors are effective in an amount less than 10 weight percent of the total composition. In some other embodiments, rust inhibitors are effective in an amount less than 1 weight percent, e.g., (less than 0.1 %).
  • the compressor oil formulation comprises a rust or a corrosion inhibitor additive.
  • the compressor oil formulation may comprise about 0.01 -5% rust and/or corrosion inhibitor additive.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 0.01 -2% rust and/or corrosion inhibitor additive.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 0.1 -0.5% rust and/or corrosion inhibitor additive.
  • the rust and/or corrosion inhibitor additive may be a single rust and/or corrosion inhibitor additive or it may comprise a combination of rust and/or corrosion inhibitor additives.
  • the rust and/or corrosion inhibitor additive may be selected from among the following compositions:
  • succinimde derivatives such as the higher alkyl substituted amides of dodecylene succinic acid, higher alkyl substituted amides of dodecenyl succinic acid such as the tetrapropenylsuccinic monoesters (commercially available) and imidazoline succinic anhydride derivatives, e.g. the imidazoline derivatives of tetrapropenyl succinic anhydride;
  • the compressor oil formulation comprises a metal deactivator additive.
  • the compressor oil formulation may comprise about 0.01 -5% metal deactivator additive.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 0.01-2% metal deactivator additive.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 0.1 -0.5% metal deactivator additive.
  • the metal deactivator additive may be a single metal deactivator additive or it may comprise a combination of metal deactivator additives.
  • the rust and/or corrosion inhibitor additive may be selected from among the following compositions: ⁇ , ⁇ -disubstituted aminomethyl-1 ,2,4-triazoles, and the ⁇ , ⁇ -disubstituted amino methyl-benzotriazoles; derivatives of benzotriazoles, benzimidazole, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles, 2-(N,N- dialkyldithio-carbamoyl)benzothiazoles, 2,5-bis(alkyl-dithio)- 1 ,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2,5- bis(N,N-dialkyidithiocarbamoyl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazoles, and 2-alkyldithio-5-mercapto thiadiazoles.
  • the compressor oil formulation comprises a thickener, viscosity index (“VI”) improver or pour point depressant additive.
  • the compressor oil formulation may comprise about 0.1 -25% thickener, viscosity index (“VI") improver or pour point depressant additive.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 0.5-20% thickener, viscosity index (“VI") improver or pour point depressant additive.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 1 -15% thickener, viscosity index (“VI") improver or pour point depressant additive.
  • the thickener, viscosity index (“VI”) improver or pour point depressant additive may be a single thickener, viscosity index (“VI") improver or pour point depressant additive or it may comprise a combination of thickener, viscosity index (“VI”) improver or pour point depressant additives. Further, in each of these embodiments, the thickener, viscosity index (“VI”) improver or pour point depressant additive may be selected from among the following compositions:
  • esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers polymethacrylates; polyacrylates; polyacrylamides; condensation products of haloparaffin waxes and aromatic compounds; vinyl carboxylate polymers; and terpolymers of dialkylfumarates, vinyl esters of fatty acids, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, alkyl phenol formaldehyde condensation resins, alkyl vinyl ethers and mixtures thereof.
  • Esters can be considered a co-base oil or additive depending on the degree of environmental performance for the target of the formulation. Typically there can be a renewability requirement on the amount of renewable carbon contained in the overall formulation.
  • the renewable base oil of the disclosure can vary in its amount of renewable carbon.
  • fatty acids, esters, glycerine, or other biobased base oils can be considered. Some of these can be forms of
  • Trimethylolpropantrioleates Triglycerides, Trimethylolpropane esters, Polyl complex esters, 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate, methyl esters, saturated trimethylolpropane ester, trimethylolpropane ester of carboxylic acids, saturated monopentaerythritol branched acids, trimethylolpropane, and complex esters of carboxylic acids.
  • the compressor oil formulation comprises an ester or cosolvent.
  • the compressor oil formulation may comprise about 0.1 -75% ester or cosolvent.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 1 -70% ester or cosolvent.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 3-20% ester or cosolvent.
  • the ester or cosolvent additive may be a single ester or cosolvent or it may comprise a combination of ester or cosolvent.
  • the ester or cosolvent may be selected from among the following compositions (and included as a co-base oil or an additive):
  • esters made by dehydration of mono-acids, di-acids, tri-acids with alcohols with mono-, di- or multi-alcohols Preferred acids include C4-C30 monobasic acids, more preferably 2-ethylhexanoic acid, isoheptyl, isopentyl, and capric acids, and di-basic acids, more preferably adipic, fumaric, sebacic, azelaic, maleic, phthalic, and terephthalic acids, dimerized and trimerized fatty acids.
  • the alcohols can be any of the suitable mono-alcohols or polyols.
  • Preferred examples are glycerol, 2-ethylhexanol, iso- tridecanols, neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, 2-methyl-2-propyl- 1 ,3-propanediol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, and dipentaerythritol, ethoxylated, propoxylated and butoxylated alcohols; and.
  • alkylbenzenes and other alkyl aromatics such as alkylnaphthalenes
  • the compressor oil formulation comprises a friction modifier additive.
  • the compressor oil formulation may comprise about 0.01 -5% friction modifier additive.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 0.05-5% friction modifier additive.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 0.1 -2% friction modifier additive.
  • the friction modifier additive may be a single friction modifier additive or it may comprise a combination of friction modifier additives. Further, in each of these embodiments, the friction modifier additive may be selected from among the following compositions:
  • aliphatic amines or ethoxylated aliphatic amines aliphatic fatty acid amides, aliphatic carboxylic acids, aliphatic carboxylic esters, aliphatic carboxylic esteramides, aliphatic phosphonates, aliphatic phosphates, aliphatic thiophosphonates, aliphatic
  • thiophosphates etc., wherein the aliphatic group usually contains above about eight carbon-atoms so as to render the compound suitably oil soluble.
  • aliphatic substituted succinimides formed by reacting one or more aliphatic succinic acids or anhydrides with ammonia.
  • Molybdenum salts such as carbamate, dithiocarbamate or dithiosphosphate.
  • the compressor oil formulation comprises a foam inhibitor additive.
  • the compressor oil formulation may comprise about 0.001 -1 % foam inhibitor additive.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 0.005-0.5% foam inhibitor additive.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 0.005-0.2% foam inhibitor additive.
  • the friction modifier additive may be a single foam inhibitor additive or it may comprise a combination of foam inhibitor additives.
  • the foam inhibitor additive may be selected from among the following compositions: silicones, polyacrylates, surfactants
  • the compressor oil formulation comprises a demulsifier additive.
  • the compressor oil formulation may comprise about 0.001 -1 % demulsifier additive.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 0.005-0.5% demulsifier additive.
  • the compressor oil may comprise about 0.001-0.5% demulsifier additive.
  • compressor oil may comprise about 0.005-0.2% demulsifier additive.
  • the demulsifier additive may be a single foam inhibitor additive or it may comprise a combination of demulsifier additives. Further, in each of these embodiments, the demulsifier additive may be a single foam inhibitor additive or it may comprise a combination of demulsifier additives. Further, in each of these embodiments, the demulsifier additive may be a single foam inhibitor additive or it may comprise a combination of demulsifier additives. Further, in each of these embodiments, the demulsifier additive may be a single foam inhibitor additive or it may comprise a combination of demulsifier additives. Further, in each of these embodiments, the demulsifier additive may be a single foam inhibitor additive or it may comprise a combination of demulsifier additives. Further, in each of these embodiments, the demulsifier additive may be a single foam inhibitor additive or it may comprise a combination of demulsifier additives. Further, in each of these embodiments, the demulsifier additive may be
  • the demulsifier additive may be selected from among the following compositions: derivatives of propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, polyoxyalkylene alcohols, alkyl amines, amino alcohols, diamines or polyamines reacted sequentially with ethylene oxide or substituted ethylene oxides or mixtures thereof.
  • demulsifiers include trialkyl phosphates, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers and mixtures thereof.
  • a compressor oil with the biobased hydrocarbon base oil about 25 weight percent (wt %) up to about 100 wt % of the biobased hydrocarbon base oil may be used.
  • wt % additives namely one or more oxidation inhibitors (anti-oxidants), corrosion and rust inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, pour point depressants, metal deactivators, anti-foaming agents, friction modifiers, extreme pressure additives, anti- wear agents, commercially available additive packages, and mixtures thereof.
  • a blend component comprising one or more oils or liquids may also be used as the base oil to formulate or complete the compressor oil, or to adjust the viscosity of the compressor oil or some other desired characteristic.
  • Such additive oils or liquids may be selected from one or more of the following: microbial oils, vegetable oils, seed oils, mineral oils, isoparaffinic hydrocarbon fluids, silicone fluids, synthetic esters, poly alpha-olefins, polysiloxanes, pentaerythritol esters, poly(butane) liquids and combinations thereof.
  • the particular additives and the quantity of each used are selected with desired performances and intended use in mind.
  • Other biobased oils may be used as a base oil in a similar manner, with attention to viscosity as with the biobased hydrocarbon base oil.
  • the compressor oil composition comprises an anti-oxidant.
  • Antioxidants are typically free-radical traps, acting as free- radical reaction chain breakers. That is, effective antioxidants may be selected from radical scavengers such as phenolic, aminic antioxidants, or synergistic mixtures of these. Sulfurized phenolic antioxidants and organic phosphites are useful as
  • antioxidant additives that are known and used in the formulation of lubricant products are suitable for use with the compressor oils formulation described in this disclosure.
  • phenolic antioxidants include 2,6- di-tert-butylphenol, liquid mixtures of tertiary butylated phenols, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4- methylphenol, 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl6- tert-butylphenol), mixed methylene-bridged polyalkyl phenols, 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6- tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidene-bis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-isopropylidene- bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol), 2,2'- isobuty
  • the antioxidant is an organic phosphonate having at least one direct carbon-to-phosphorus linkage.
  • Diphenylamine-type oxidation inhibitors include, but are not limited to, alkylated diphenylamine, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, and alkylated-alpha-naphthylamine.
  • oxidation inhibitors include metal dithiocarbamate (e.g., zinc dithiocarbamate), and 15- methylenebis(dibutyldithiocarbamate).
  • class of antioxidants suitable for food grade industrial lubricant formulation are also useful in the compressor oil described in current disclosure.
  • antioxidants include, without limitation, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), di-butyl-paracresol (BHT), phenyl-a- naphthylamine (PANA), octylated/butylated diphenylamine, tocopherol (vitamin-E), ⁇ - carotene, sterically hindered alkylthiomethylphenol, 2-(1 ,1 -Dimethylethyl)-1 ,4- benzenediol, l,2-dihydro-2,2,4- trimethylquinoline, ascorbyl palmitate, propyl gallate, high molecular weight phenolic antioxidants, hindered bis-phenolic antioxidant, and mixtures of these.
  • BHA butylated hydroxyanisole
  • BHT di-butyl-paracresol
  • PANA phenyl-a- naphthylamine
  • vitamin-E octylated/butylated diphenylamine
  • tocopherol
  • such an antioxidant in an amount of 0.01 wt% to ⁇ 2 wt% of the compressor oil may be added to the biobased base oil and other additive mixture comprising the compressor oil described in the current disclosure.
  • Metal deactivators/passivator may also be used in addition to or as an alternative to an antioxidant.
  • list of useful metal deactivators include imidazole, benzimidazole, pyrazole, benzotriazole, tolutriazole, 2-methyl benzimidazole, 3,5-dimethyl pyrazole, and methylene bis-benzotriazole.
  • Commercial examples used in some embodiments of the disclosure include, without limitation, triazole derivative metal deactivators, such as Irgamet® 30 (available from BASF), and tolutriazole derivative metal deactivators, such as Irgamet® 39 (available from BASF) An amount of metal deactivators up to about 100 ppm is used in some embodiments.
  • the metal passivator is food grade and comply with FDA regulations.
  • One of such useful additive is the N-acyl derivative of sarcosine, such as an N-acyl derivative of sarcosine.
  • N-acyl derivative of sarcosine such as an N-acyl derivative of sarcosine.
  • N-methyl-N-(1 -oxo-9-octadecenyl) glycine is commercially available from BASF under the trade name SARKOSYLTM O.
  • Another additive is an imidazoline such as Amine OTM, also, commercially available from BASF.
  • the compressor oils of the present disclosure comprise a foam inhibitor.
  • foam inhibitors include but are not limited to alkylpolysiloxanes, dimethyl polycyclohexane and polyacrylates.
  • Commercial examples useful foam inhibitors in some embodiments of the disclosure include, without limitation, PC-1344 (Cytec), PC-1844 (Cytec), PC-2544 (Cytec), PC-3144 (Cytec), HiTec2030 (Afton), AC AMH2 (BASF), 889D (Lubrizol), and mixture thereof.
  • the compressor oils of the present disclosure comprise a viscosity modifier/ viscosity index improver.
  • Viscosity modifiers are polymeric materials, typical examples of these being hydrogenated styrene-isoprene block copolymers, hydrogenated copolymers of styrene-butadiene, copolymers of ethylene and propylene, acrylic polymers produced by polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate esters, hydrogenated isoprene polymers, polyalkyl styrenes, hydrogenated alkenyl arene conjugated diene copolymers, polyolefins, esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers, and polyisobutylene. These polymeric thickeners are added to bring the viscosity of the base fluid mixture up to the required level of ISO viscosity grade according to compressor equipment manufacturer (OEM)'s requirements (please refer toTable II).
  • OEM compressor equipment manufacturer
  • the viscosity modifier/ viscosity index improver may be a polymer with linear, radial or star architecture, such as those described in Schober et al., US Patent Application No. 201 1/0306529, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety, and in the references cited therein, all of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.
  • Such viscosity modifiers may have a random, tapered, di-block, tri-block, or multi-block architecture and may have weight average molecular weights of about 100,000 to about 800,000.
  • 201 1/0306529 is prepared from 50 wt % to about 100 wt % of an alkyl methacrylate, wherein the alkyl group has about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms up to about 40 wt % of an alkyl methacrylate, wherein the alkyl group has about 9 carbon atoms; and up to about 10 wt % of a nitrogen-containing monomer.
  • Other examples of viscosity modifiers that are star polymers include isoprene/styrene/isoprene triblock polymers.
  • Examples of commercially available viscosity modifier/ viscosity index improver for use in some embodiments of the disclosure include, without limitation, TPC1285 (TPC group), TPC175 (TPC group), TPC1 105 (TPC group), TPC1 160 (TPC group), SV260 (Infineum), SV261 (Infineum), SV265 (Infineum), V534 (Infineum), 7308 (Lubrizol), 7723 (Lubrizol), 87705 (Lubrizol), HiTec5754 (Afton), HiTec5751 (Afton), HiTec5748 (Afton), HiTec5825A (Afton), Viscoplex 8-100 (Evonik), Viscoplex 8-1 12 (Evonik), Viscoplex 8-200 (Evonik), Viscoplex 8-219 (Evonik), Viscoplex 8-220 (Evonik), Viscoplex 8-251 (Evonik), Viscoplex 8-310 (Evonik), Viscoplex
  • Viscoplex 8-407 (Evonik), Viscoplex 8-450 (Evonik), Viscoplex 8-944 (Evonik),
  • Viscoplex 8-954 (Evonik), Viscoplex 10-250 (Evonik), Viscoplex 10-930 (Evonik), Viscoplex 10-950 (Evonik), Viscoplex 7-302 (Evonik), Viscoplex 7-305 (Evonik),
  • Viscoplex 7-310 (Evonik), Viscoplex 7-510 (Evonik), and mixture thereof.
  • the compressor oils of the present disclosure comprise a detergents or dispersants which can be anionic, cationic, zwitterionic or non- ionic.
  • Lubricant detergents are metal salts of organic surfactants giving corrosion protection, deposit prevention, and other formulation enhancement.
  • Lubricant dispersants stabilize contaminants during lubrication cycle resulting in protection against problem such as viscosity increase, wear, and filter plugging.
  • the surfactant or dispersant may be used alone or in combination with other types of surfactants or dispersants. Examples include an oil-soluble dispersant selected from the group consisting of succinimide dispersants, succinic ester dispersants, and succinic ester- amide dispersants.
  • the dispersant is selected from the group of alkenyl succinimides, alkenyl succinimides modified with other organic compounds, alkenyl succinimides modified by post-treatment with ethylene carbonate or boric acid, pentaerythritols, phenate-salicylates and their post-treated analogs, alkali metal or mixed alkali metal, alkaline earth metal borates, dispersions of hydrated alkali metal borates, dispersions of alkaline-earth metal borates, polyamide ashless dispersants and the like or mixtures of such dispersants.
  • metallic detergents include an oil-soluble neutral or overbased salt of alkali or alkaline earth metal with one or more of the following acidic substance (or mixtures thereof): a sulfonic acid; a carboxylic acid; a salicylic acid; an alkyi phenol; a sulfurized alkyi phenol; and an organic phosphorus acid characterized by at least one direct carbon-to-phosphorus linkage, such as
  • the compressor oils of the present disclosure further comprise at least a corrosion inhibitor.
  • suitable ferrous metal corrosion inhibitors are the metal sulfonates such as calcium petroleum sulfonate, barium dionyl-naphthalene sulfonate and basic barium dioxonylnaphthalene sulfonate, carbonated or non-carbonated.
  • Other examples are selected from thiazoles, triazoles, and thiadiazoles.
  • Examples of such compounds include benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, octyltriazole, decyltriazole, dodecyltriazole, 2-mercapto benzothiazole, 2,5-dimercapto- 1 ,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-mercapto-5-hydrocarbylthio-1 ,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2-mercapto-5- hydrocarbyldithio-1 ,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2,5-bis(hydrocarbylthio)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazoles, and 2, 5-bis(hydrocarbyldithio)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazoles.
  • Suitable compounds include the 1 ,3,4- thiadiazoles, a number of which are available as articles of commerce, and also combinations of triazoles such as tolyltriazole with a 1 ,3,5-thiadiazole such as 2,5- bis(alkyldithio)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole.
  • the 1 ,3,4-thiadiazoles are generally synthesized from hydrazine and carbon disulfide by known procedures. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,765,289; 2,749,31 1 ; 2,760,933; 2,850,453; 2,910,439; 3,663,561 ; 3,862,798; and 3,840,549.
  • the rust or corrosion inhibitors are selected from the group of monocarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids.
  • monocarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids examples include octanoic acid, decanoic acid and dodecanoic acid.
  • Suitable polycarboxylic acids include dimer and trimer acids produced from acids such as tall oil fatty acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid, or the like.
  • rust inhibitor may comprise alkenyl succinic acid and alkenyl succinic anhydride corrosion inhibitors, for example, tetrapropenylsuccinic acid, tetrapropenylsuccinic anhydride, tetradecenylsuccinic acid, tetradecenylsuccinic anhydride, hexadecenylsuccinic acid, hexadecenylsuccinic anhydride, and the like.
  • half esters of alkenyl succinic acids having 8 to 24 carbon atoms in the alkenyl group with alcohols such as the polyglycols.
  • Suitable rust or corrosion inhibitors include ether amines; acid phosphates; amines; polyethoxylated compounds such as ethoxylated amines, ethoxylated phenols, and ethoxylated alcohols;
  • rust inhibitors include a polyethoxylated phenol, neutral calcium sulfonate and basic calcium sulfonate.
  • the compressor oils of the present disclosure further comprise at least a friction modifier selected from the group of succinimide, a bis-succinimide, an alkylated fatty amine, an ethoxylated fatty amine, an amide, a glycerol ester, an imidazoline, fatty alcohol, fatty acid, amine, borated ester, other esters, phosphates, phosphites, phosphonates, and mixtures thereof.
  • a friction modifier selected from the group of succinimide, a bis-succinimide, an alkylated fatty amine, an ethoxylated fatty amine, an amide, a glycerol ester, an imidazoline, fatty alcohol, fatty acid, amine, borated ester, other esters, phosphates, phosphites, phosphonates, and mixtures thereof.
  • Extreme pressure/ anti-wear agents useful for present disclosure may be selected from library of molecules deemed suitable/ preferable by those who are skilled in art of industrial lubricant formulation. Such molecules and compounds can reduce friction and/or wear by forming protective-film layer between two sliding surfaces. Such compounds include oxygen-containing organic compounds with polar head group, organic sulphur compounds which can can form reacted films at surfaces, organic phosphorus compounds, organic boron compounds, organic molybdenum compounds, zinc dialkyldithiophosphat.es (ZDDP), and mixture thereof.
  • the compressor oils further comprise at least an extreme pressure/ anti- wear agent in the range of from 100 ppm to 1wt %, based on the total weight of compressor oil composition.
  • the anti- wear agents include, but are not limited to, phosphates, carbarmates, esters, molybdenum-containing compounds, boron- containing compounds and ashless anti-wear additives such as substituted or unsubstituted thiophosphoric acids, and salts thereof.
  • the anti- wear agents are selected from the group of zinc dialky-1 -dithiophosphate (primary alkyl, secondary alkyl, and aryl type), diphenyl sulfide, methyl trichlorostearate, chlorinated naphthalene, fluoroalkylpolysiloxane, lead naphthenate, neutralized phosphates, dithiophosphates, and sulfur-free phosphates.
  • the anti-wear agent is selected from the group of a zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate (ZDDP), an alkyl phosphite, a trialkyl phosphite, and amine salts of dialkyl and mono-alkyl phosphoric acid.
  • ZDDP zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate
  • alkyl phosphite alkyl phosphite
  • trialkyl phosphite amine salts of dialkyl and mono-alkyl phosphoric acid.
  • molybdenum-containing compounds that may serve as anti-wear agents include molybdenum dithiocarbamates, trinuclear molybdenum compounds, for example as described in WO1998026030, sulphides of molybdenum and molybdenum dithiophosphate.
  • Boron-containing compounds that may be used as anti-wear agents include borate esters, borated fatty amines, borated epoxides, alkali metal (or mixed alkali metal or alkaline earth metal) borates and borated overbased metal salts.
  • the additional or additive components to the compressor base oil are added as a fully formulated additive package fully formulated to meet an original equipment manufacturer's requirements.
  • the package to be used depends in part on the requirements of the specific equipment to receive the
  • each additive is typically blended into the base oil in an amount that enables the additive to provide its desired function. It may be desirable, although not essential, to prepare one or more additive concentrates comprising additives (concentrates containing at least one of above-mentioned additives sometimes being referred to as "additive packages") to add to the compressor lubricant composition.
  • the final composition may employ from about 0.001 to 20 wt. % of the concentrate, the remainder being the oil of lubricating viscosity.
  • the components can be blended in any order and can be blended as combinations of components.
  • Additives used in formulating the compressor oil composition can be blended into the base oil individually or in various sub-combinations to subsequently form the compressor oil.
  • all of the components are blended concurrently using an additive concentrate (i.e., additives plus a diluent, such as a hydrocarbon solvent).
  • an additive concentrate i.e., additives plus a diluent, such as a hydrocarbon solvent.
  • the use of an additive concentrate takes advantage of the mutual compatibility afforded by the combination of ingredients when in the form of an additive concentrate.
  • the compressor oil composition is prepared by mixing the base oil with the separate additives or additive package(s) at an appropriate temperature, such as approximately 25 ⁇ 80°C, until homogeneous.
  • an appropriate temperature such as approximately 25 ⁇ 80°C
  • the compressor oils of the present disclosure are suitable for use in oil injected rotary screw compressors operating at high discharge temperatures (>100° C) and high discharge pressures (>15 bar).
  • high discharge temperatures >100° C
  • high discharge pressures >15 bar.
  • the composition meets the requirements for reciprocating air compressors operating at high discharge temperatures (>200° C).
  • the compressor oil composition is suitable for use in stationary and portable compressors, operating at compression temperatures up to 220° C including compressors with oil lubricated pressure space, e.g. single and multistage reciprocating compressors or single or multistage centrifugal compressors.
  • the synthetic compressor oils made with biobased base oils of this disclosure have significant performance advantages.
  • the compressor oils of this disclosure have superior oxidative stability over commercially available synthetic and mineral based compressor fluids.
  • the compressor oils of this disclosure also have superior hydrolytic stability (stability of lubricant in the presence of hot metallic surface and moisture, measured according to standardized test method such as ASTM-D2619- 09 or equivalent methods) which in turn provides better protection to internal parts of a compressor system.
  • compressor oils of the present disclosure quickly separate from water, avoiding detrimental sludge filter-plugging, oil breakdown and reduced performance that can occur when oil/water emulsions develop.
  • the compressor oils of the present disclosure also show superior anti-wear performance when compared to commercially available synthetic and mineral compressor oils. Moreover, with the present disclosure, these high performances with the compressor oils of the disclosure can be obtained while still providing environmental compatibility and environmental performance (i.e.
  • a commercial mineral oil based compressor oil herein also called “Comm-Min.1” for abbreviation, containing a mineral base oil, showed less than a 150 minutes oxidative stability when tested with ASTM-D2272-1 1 .
  • Poly alkylene glycol (PAG) based compressor oil herein also called “Comm-PAG.1” for abbreviation, showed about 500 minutes oxidative stability.
  • Another mineral oil based compressor oil herein also called “Comm-Min.2” for abbreviation
  • diester based compressor oil herein also called “Comm-Die.1 " for abbreviation, showed slightly more than 1000 minutes oxidative stability.
  • the hydrolytic stability of a lubricant is measured by testing the stability of the lubricant in the presence of a hot metallic surface and measuring the release of moisture using ASTM-D2619-09 or an equivalent method.
  • Two of the key parameters- acidity of water layer after aging and weight loss of copper panel during aging process- of compressor oil formulated with biobased hydrocarbon base oil are compared to those parameters of commercially available compressor oils (shown on Figure 1 ). Increased acidity as a result of compressor oil breakdown can adversely affect the lubricant itself, to induce further breakdown, and the internal part of the compressor, to induce corrosion and rust.
  • Compressor oil formulated with biobased hydrocarbon base oil shows much improved/superior hydrolytic stability compared to commercial compressor oils.
  • Table V compares % viscosity change (comparing before and after the aging procedure prescribed in ASTM-D2619-09) between compressor oils formulated with biobased hydrocarbon base oil and commercially available premium synthetic compressor oil formulated with polyalkyleneglycol (Comm-PAG.1 ).
  • Compressor oils formulated with biobased hydrocarbon show little change (less than 0.5%) while Comm-PAG.1 had 2.64% viscosity increase after 48hr aging process.
  • Compressor oil formulated with biobased hydrocarbon shows improved speed of separation from air when compared to commercial compressor oil, as illustrated in Figure 2.
  • Compressor oil formulated with biobased hydrocarbon also provides improved protection against wear of metallic parts inside the compressor.
  • ASTM- D4172-94(2010) tests wear preventive characteristics of lubricating fluid and
  • compressor oil formulated with biobased oil.
  • the biobased oil showed a smaller size of wear scar than all commercially available compressor oils except Comm-PAO.1 (See Figure 4).
  • PAO poly alpha-olefin
  • API The American Petroleum Institute
  • PAO showed 22% of biodegradation by 21 days and reached a plateau value, 27% biodegradation, by 25days.
  • Isoparaffinic base oil classified as Group III base oil according to API classification, showed better biodegradation behavior than PAO.
  • duration of lag phase was less than 6 days, and a plateau value of 56% was reached by 25 days.
  • biobased hydrocarbon base oil showed 78% of biodegradation at 28 days, achieved 90% of biodegradation by 40days time mark, and had not entered the plateau phase (Figure 6, open circle symbol).
  • Figure 7 plots the results of percentage biodegradation of compressor oil formulated with biobased base oils according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, Exp-Comp.BL.1 over a period of 28 days.
  • Exp-Comp.BL.1 comprised of biobased hydrocarbon base oils, showed about 65% biodegradation at 28 days.
  • Exp- Comp.BL.1 has much higher viscosity (46cSt at 40°C, Figure 7) than any base oils (about 32cSt at 40°C) shown in Figure 6, yet Exp-Comp.BL.1 achieved greater than 60% of biodegradation, demonstrating superior and significantly improved
  • biobased base oils discussed in the test examples comprise a biobased hydrocarbon base oil.
  • biobased base oils not necessarily hydrocarbon based, but synthesized to have favorable compressor oil properties, would also have the benefits of the biobased hydrocarbon base oil compressor oils.
  • the foregoing examples demonstrate that the compressor oils disclosed herein provide an environmentally safe electrically insulating fluid that has superior or competitive properties to fluids previously available.
  • the present disclosure further includes the following enumerated embodiments.
  • Embodiment 1 A compressor oil comprising a biobased hydrocarbon base oil, wherein the biobased hydrocarbon base oil has renewable carbon content greater than 40 wt% as measured by ASTM-D6866-12, and at least one antioxidant wherein the oxidative stability of the compressor oil is at least 1 ,000 minutes as determined by ASTM-D2272-1 1 .
  • Embodiment 2 The compressor oil of embodiment 1 wherein the hydrocarbon base oil comprises a biobased terpene selected from the group consisting of myrcene, ocimene, farnesene, and combinations thereof.
  • Embodiment 3 The compressor oil of embodiment 1 or 2 wherein the biobased hydrocarbon base oil constitutes about 25 wt % to about 99.999 wt % of the compressor oil.
  • Embodiment 4 The compressor oil of embodiment 3 wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, corrosion and rust inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, pour point depressants, metal deactivators, anti-foaming agents, friction modifiers, extreme pressure additives, anti-wear agents, additive oils and combinations thereof.
  • the additive is selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, corrosion and rust inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, pour point depressants, metal deactivators, anti-foaming agents, friction modifiers, extreme pressure additives, anti-wear agents, additive oils and combinations thereof.
  • Embodiment s The compressor oil of embodiment 4 wherein the additive is an additive oil selected from the group consisting of microbial oils, vegetable oils, seed oils, mineral oils, isoparaffinic hydrocarbon fluids, silicone fluids, synthetic esters, poly alpha-olefins, polysiloxanes, pentaerythritol esters, poly (butane) liquids, and combinations thereof.
  • the additive is an additive oil selected from the group consisting of microbial oils, vegetable oils, seed oils, mineral oils, isoparaffinic hydrocarbon fluids, silicone fluids, synthetic esters, poly alpha-olefins, polysiloxanes, pentaerythritol esters, poly (butane) liquids, and combinations thereof.
  • Embodiment 6 The compressor oil of embodiment 1 wherein air release speed of such compressor oil is less than 3 minutes as determined by ASTM- D3427-12.
  • Embodiment 7 The compressor oil of embodiment 1 wherein air release speed of such compressor oil is less than 2 minutes as determined by ASTM- D3427-12.
  • Embodiment 9 The compressor oil of any of the preceding
  • oxidative stability of the compressor oil is at least 3,000 minutes as determined by ASTM-D2272-1 1 .
  • Embodiment 10 The compressor oil of any of the preceding
  • Embodiment 1 1 The compressor oil of embodiment 1 having a hydrolytic stability as measured by ASTM-D2619-09 with acidity of water layer after aging procedure no more than 2.5 mg KOH/g.
  • Embodiment 12 The compressor oil of embodiment 1 having a hydrolytic stability as measured by ASTM-D2619-09 with acidity of water layer after aging procedure no more than 1 .0 mg KOH/g.
  • Embodiment 13 The compressor oil of embodiment 1 having a hydrolytic stability as measured by ASTM-D2619-09 with acidity of water layer after aging procedure no more than 0.5 mg KOH/g.
  • Embodiment 14 The compressor oil of embodiment 1 having a hydrolytic stability as measured by ASTM-D2619-09 with copper panel weight loss no more than 0.05 mg/cm 2 .
  • Embodiment 15 The compressor oil with biobased base oil of embodiment 1 having a improved hydrolytic stability as measured by ASTM-D2619-09 with no more than 0.5% kinematic viscosity increase wherein kinematic viscosity is measured at 40°C using ASTM-D445-12.
  • Embodiment 16 The compressor oil of embodiment 1 having a wear scar less than 0.5 mm as determined by ASTM-D4172-94(2010).
  • Embodiment 17 The compressor oil of embodiment 1 having a compatibility and miscibility with mineral oil or synthetic base fluid, such as poly-alpha- olefin (PAO), such that therefore does not cause gelling, phase separation, low temperature fluidity, negative impact on high temperature thermal stability, and negative impact on long term storage stability when mixed with compressor oil formulated using such base fluid and subjected to temperature between -30°C and 200°C.
  • PEO poly-alpha- olefin
  • Embodiment 18 The compressor oil of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments having a specific heat value of at least 2.3 J/g °K at 50°C as determined in accordance with ASTM-E1269-12 (Determining Specific Heat Capacity by Differential Scanning Calorimetry) or ASTM-E2716-09 (Determining Specific Heat Capacity by Sinusoidal Modulated Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry).
  • Embodiment 19 The compressor oil of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments having a thermal conductivity of at least 0.13 W/m °K at 50°C as determined by ASTM-E1952-1 1 .
  • Embodiment 20 The compressor oil of any of the preceding
  • Embodiment 21 The compressor oil of any of the preceding
  • Embodiment 22 The compressor oil of any of the preceding
  • Embodiment 23 A compressor oil having greater than 25% renewable carbon content measured by ASTM-D6866-12 and having the following properties:
  • Embodiment24 The compressor oil of embodiment 23 further comprising at least one additive in an amount ranging from about 100 ppm to about 50 wt %, the additive(s) being selected from the group consisting of oxidation
  • inhibitors/anti-oxidants pour point depressants, metal deactivators/passivators, foam inhibitor/anti-foaming agents, friction modifiers/anti-wear agents, viscosity
  • modifiers/viscosity index improvers modifiers/viscosity index improvers, non-biobased hydrocarbon base oils, non- hydrocarbon fluids, additive packages, and combinations thereof.
  • Embodiment25 The compressor oil of embodiment 24 wherein the compressor oil comprises about 100 ppm to about 5 wt% oxidation inhibitor(s)/anti- oxidant(s).
  • Embodiment26 The compressor oil of embodiment 24 wherein the compressor oil comprises about 100 ppm to about 5 wt% pour point depressant(s).
  • Embodiment27 The compressor oil of embodiment 24 wherein the compressor oil comprises about 50 ppm to about 2 wt% foam inhibitor(s)/anti-foam agent(s).
  • Embodiment28 The compressor oil of embodiment 24 wherein the compressor oil comprises about 10 ppm to about 5 wt% metal deactivator(s).
  • Embodiment29 The compressor oil of embodiment 24 wherein the compressor oil comprises about 10 ppm to about 5 wt% friction modifier(s)/anti-wear agent(s).
  • Embodinnent30 The compressor oil of embodiment 24 wherein the compressor oil comprises about 10 ppm to about 30 wt% viscosity modifier(s)/viscosity index improver(s).
  • Embodiment31 The compressor oil of embodiment 24 wherein the compressor oil comprises about 10 ppm to about 50 wt% non-biobased hydrocarbon base oil(s).
  • Embodiment32 The compressor oil of embodiment 24 wherein the compressor oil comprises about 10 ppm to about 50 wt% biobased non-hydrocarbon base oil(s).
  • Embodiment33 The compressor oil of embodiment 24 wherein the compressor oil comprises about 0.1 wt% to about 20 wt% additive package(s).
  • Embodiment 34 The compressor oil of embodiment 23 wherein air release speed of such compressor oil is less than 2 minutes as determined by ASTM- D3427-12.
  • Embodiment 35 The compressor oil of embodiment 23 wherein oxidative stability of such compressor oil is at least 2,000 minutes as determined by ASTM-D2272-1 1 .
  • Embodiment 36 The compressor oil of embodiment 23 wherein oxidative stability of such compressor oil is at least 3,000 minutes as determined by ASTM-D2272-1 1 .
  • Embodiment 37 The compressor oil having an improved specific heat value of at least 2.3 J/g °K at 50°C as determined by using standardized test methods such as, for example, ASTM-E1269-12 (Determining Specific Heat Capacity by ASTM-E1269-12).
  • Embodiment 38 A compressor oil comprising a biobased hydrocarbon base oil having an average molecular weight (weight average) between 300 g/mol and 1500 g/mol, and an additive package, the additive package comprising an anti-oxidant.
  • Embodiment 39 A compressor oil comprising a biobased hydrocarbon base oil, the compressor oil having a biodegradable rate in excess of 60% as
  • Embodiment 40 A compressor oil comprising a biobased base oil having the molecular structure:
  • Embodiment 41 A compressor oil comprising a biobased base oil, wherein at least about 20% of the carbon atoms in the biobased base oil originate from renewable carbon sources and the compressor oil meets DIN 51506 -VDL.
  • Embodiment 42 A compressor oil comprising a biobased base oil, wherein at least about 20% of the carbon atoms in the biobased base oil originate from renewable carbon sources and the compressor oil has a TAN ⁇ 2 at 1000 hours as determined in accordance with ASTM D943-04a (2010)e1 .
  • Embodiment 43 A compressor oil comprising a biobased base oil, wherein at least about 20% of the carbon atoms in the biobased base oil originate from renewable carbon sources and the compressor oil has a TAN ⁇ 2 at 2000 hours as determined in accordance with ASTM D943-04a (2010)e1 .
  • Embodiment 44 A compressor oil comprising a biobased base oil, wherein at least about 20% of the carbon atoms in the biobased base oil originate from renewable carbon sources and the compressor oil has a TAN ⁇ 2 at 4000 hours as determined in accordance with ASTM D943-04a (2010)e1 .
  • Embodiment 45 A compressor oil comprising a biobased base oil, wherein at least about 20% of the carbon atoms in the biobased base oil originate from renewable carbon sources and the compressor oil has a TAN ⁇ 2 at 8000 hours as determined in accordance with ASTM D943-04a (2010)e1 .
  • Embodiment 46 A compressor oil comprising a biobased base oil, wherein at least about 20% of the carbon atoms in the biobased base oil originate from renewable carbon sources and the compressor oil has a TAN ⁇ 2 at 16000 hours as determined in accordance with ASTM D943-04a (2010)e1
  • Embodiment 47 A compressor oil comprising a biobased hydrocarbon base oil, wherein at least about 20% of the carbon atoms in the biobased base oil originate from renewable carbon sources and the compressor oil has a pour point of less than -40 °C.
  • Embodiment 48 A compressor oil comprising a biobased hydrocarbon base oil, the compressor oil being compatible with and suitable for mixing with a Group I, Group II, or Group III based compressor oil.
  • Embodiment 49 A compressor oil having an ISO viscosity grade of 2 to 46,000 and comprising:
  • Embodiment 50 The compressor oil of embodiment 49 wherein the compressor oil has an absence of any additional polymeric thickeners and viscosity index improvers.
  • Embodiment 51 The compressor oil according to embodiment 49 or 50, wherein the biobased hydrocarbon base oil is characterized by a viscosity index (VI) greater than 120, as measured in accordance with ASTM D2270-10e1 , and a branch ratio of less than 0.41 .
  • VI viscosity index
  • Embodiment 52 The compressor oil according to any of enumerated embodiments 49 to 51 , wherein the compressor oil contains about 2 to 25 wt % of the second basestock.
  • Embodiment 53 The compressor oil according to any of enumerated embodiments 49 to 52, wherein the second basestock comprises a Group V base-stock selected from alkylated aromatics, poly alkylene glycols, esters, and mixtures thereof.
  • the second basestock comprises a Group V base-stock selected from alkylated aromatics, poly alkylene glycols, esters, and mixtures thereof.
  • Embodiment 54 The compressor oil according to any of enumerated embodiments 49 to 53, wherein the compressor oil comprises 5 to 50 wt % of the first basestock and 1 to 50 wt % of the second basestock.
  • Embodiment 55 A compressor oil comprising: (a) a base oil having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 300 to 600 g/mol, a viscosity index greater than 120 and less than 140; and (b) an anti-wear hydraulic oil additive package; wherein the compressor oil has (i) an air release by ASTM D 3427-012 of less than 3 minutes at 50 °C, (ii) a Sequence II foam tendency by ASTM D 892-13 of less than 50 ml, and a biodegradability rate of at least 60% as determined by OECD 301 B.
  • Embodiment 56 The compressor oil of embodiment 55, wherein the base oil comprises carbon from a renewable source.
  • Embodiment 57 The compressor oil of embodiment 55 or 56, wherein the base oil additionally has an average degree of branching in the molecules less than about 8 alkyl branches per 100 carbon atoms.
  • Embodiment 58 The compressor oil of embodiment 55, 56 or 57, wherein the base oil comprises at least 5 weight percent molecules with
  • Embodiment 59 The compressor oil of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments, wherein the base oil has a T90-T10 boiling range distribution of less than 180 °F.
  • Embodiment 60 The compressor oil of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments, wherein the average molecular weight of the base oil is between about 500 and about 900 g/mol.
  • Embodiment 61 The compressor oil of any of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments, wherein the base oil has a Bromine Index ⁇ 200.
  • Embodiment 62 The compressor oil of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments, wherein the compressor oil has an air release at 50 °C of less than 2 minutes.
  • Embodiment 63 The compressor oil of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments, wherein the compressor oil has an air release at 25 °C of less than 10 minutes.
  • Embodiment 64 The compressor oil of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments, wherein the base oil has an aniline point between 212 and 300 °F.
  • Embodiment 65 The compressor oil of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments, wherein the compressor oil has a Sequence I foam tendency as determined in accordance with ASTM D892-13 of less than 50 ml.
  • Embodiment 66 The compressor oil of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments, wherein the compressor oil has a Sequence II foam tendency as determined in accordance with ASTM D 892-13 of less than 30 ml.
  • Embodiment 67 The compressor oil of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments, wherein the compressor oil has a number of minutes to 3 ml emulsion at 54 °C as determined in accordance with ASTM D1401 -12 of less than 30.
  • Embodiment 68 The compressor oil of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments, wherein the base oil has alkyl branches positioned over various branch carbon resonances as determined in accordance by carbon -13 NMR.
  • Embodiment 69 The compressor oil of any of enumerated
  • Embodiment 70 The compressor oil of any of enumerated
  • compressor oil comprises about 0.2 to about 2 wt% of an additive package.
  • Embodiment 71 The compressor oil of any of enumerated
  • compressor oil comprises about 50 wt % to about 99 wt % biobased hydrocarbon base oil and from about 0.2 to about 2 wt % additive package.
  • Embodiment 72 The compressor oil of embodiment 70 or 71 wherein the additive package comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of anti-oxidants, anti-wear agents, extreme pressure agents, defoamants,
  • Embodiment 73 The compressor oil of embodiment 72 wherein the additive package comprises an anti-wear additive selected from the group consisting of ashless, zinc-free, and zinc-containing anti-wear additives, and combinations thereof.
  • an anti-wear additive selected from the group consisting of ashless, zinc-free, and zinc-containing anti-wear additives, and combinations thereof.
  • Embodiment 74 The compressor oil of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments, wherein the additive package is an ashless additive package.
  • Embodiment 75 The compressor oil of any of enumerated
  • compressor oil comprises less than 0.1 1 wt.% sulfated ash derived from the additive package.
  • Embodiment 76 The compressor oil of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments, wherein the compressor oil contains between about 0.1 wt% and about 1 wt% of a phenolic anti-oxidant.
  • Embodiment 77 The compressor oil of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments, wherein the compressor oil contains an anti-wear additive.
  • Embodiment 78 The compressor oil of embodiment 77 wherein the anti-wear additive contains an amine phosphate anti-wear additive and the compressor oil further comprises up to about 1 wt% of the anti-wear additive(s).
  • Embodiment 79 The compressor oil of any of the preceding enumerated embodiments, wherein the compressor oil contains a viscosity index improver.
  • Embodiment 80 The compressor oil of embodiment 79 wherein the compressor oil contains at least 1 wt% of the viscosity index improver.
  • Embodiment 81 A compressor lubricated by a compressor oil according to any of the preceding enumerated embodiments.
  • Embodiment 82 A method of improving efficiency of operation of compressor, compressed gas, and compressed air system using compressor oil according to any of the preceding enumerated embodiments.
  • Embodiment 83 A method of recycling used compressor oil, the method comprising recycling a compressor oil according to any of the preceding enumerated embodiments

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  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne généralement des fluides de compresseur. Dans un mode de réalisation, l'invention concerne une huile de compresseur biodégradable comprenant une huile de base hydrocarbure biosourcée, telle qu'un hydrocarbure isoparaffinique dérivé de terpènes hydrocarbonés comme le myrcène, l'ocimène et le farnésène. Ladite huile de compresseur comprend une huile de base hydrocarbure biosourcée, et un ou plusieurs additifs.
EP15806579.7A 2014-06-12 2015-06-12 Huile de compresseur contenant une huile de base biosourcée Withdrawn EP3155079A4 (fr)

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