EP3149217B1 - Tôle d'acier munie d'un revêtement à protection cathodique sacrificielle comprenant du lanthane - Google Patents

Tôle d'acier munie d'un revêtement à protection cathodique sacrificielle comprenant du lanthane Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3149217B1
EP3149217B1 EP15724718.0A EP15724718A EP3149217B1 EP 3149217 B1 EP3149217 B1 EP 3149217B1 EP 15724718 A EP15724718 A EP 15724718A EP 3149217 B1 EP3149217 B1 EP 3149217B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
coating
weight
cathodic protection
steel
steel sheet
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EP15724718.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3149217A1 (fr
Inventor
Christian ALLÉLY
Jacques Petitjean
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ArcelorMittal SA
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ArcelorMittal SA
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Priority to MA39875A priority Critical patent/MA39875B1/fr
Priority to PL15724718T priority patent/PL3149217T3/pl
Publication of EP3149217A1 publication Critical patent/EP3149217A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
    • B21D28/02—Punching blanks or articles with or without obtaining scrap; Notching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/12—Aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a steel sheet provided with a sacrificial cathodic protection coating, more particularly intended for the manufacture of automotive parts, without being limited thereby.
  • the other family of metal coatings commonly used for the production of automobile parts is the family of aluminum and silicon-based coatings. These coatings do not generate microcracking in the steel when deformed due to the presence of an Al-Si-Fe intermetallic layer and have good paintability. Although they provide barrier protection and are weldable, they do not provide cathodic protection.
  • Requirement EP 1 997 927 discloses corrosion-resistant steel sheets coated with more than 35% by weight of Zn and comprising a non-equilibrium phase whose specific heat is measured by differential scanning calorimetry is greater than or equal to 1 J / g, typically having an amorphous structure.
  • the coating comprises at least 40% by weight of zinc, 1 to 60% by weight of magnesium and 0.07 to 59% by weight of aluminum.
  • the coating may comprise from 0.1 to 10% lanthanum to improve the ductility and machinability of the coating.
  • CN 103045980 A discloses coatings of Al alloys with Zn and minor participation of rare earths.
  • One of the objectives of the present application is to overcome the disadvantages of the coatings of the prior art by providing coated steel sheets having a reinforced protection against corrosion, before and after implementation by stamping, in particular.
  • the sheets When the sheets are intended to be hardened in press, in particular hot-stamped, it also seeks a resistance to the propagation of microcracks in the steel and, preferably, a window of the widest possible use in time and temperature during the heat treatment preceding the curing in press.
  • the invention relates to a steel sheet defined according to claim 1 is provided with a sacrificial cathodic protection coating, the coating comprising from 1 to 40% by weight of zinc, from 0.01 to 0 , 4% by weight of lanthanum, and optionally up to 10% by weight of magnesium, optionally up to 15% by weight of silicon, and optionally up to 0.3% by weight, in cumulative concentrations, of any additional elements, the rest being made of aluminum and residual elements or unavoidable impurities.
  • a sacrificial cathodic protection coating comprising from 1 to 40% by weight of zinc, from 0.01 to 0 , 4% by weight of lanthanum, and optionally up to 10% by weight of magnesium, optionally up to 15% by weight of silicon, and optionally up to 0.3% by weight, in cumulative concentrations, of any additional elements, the rest being made of aluminum and residual elements or unavoidable impurities.
  • the expression “between X and Y%” implies that the values X and Y are excluded, whereas the expression “de X at Y% "(eg 1 to 40 wt.% zinc) implies that the X and Y values are included.
  • the coating of the sheet according to the invention may especially comprise from 1 to 34% by weight of zinc, from 0.05 to 0.4% by weight of lanthanum, from 0 to 5% by weight of magnesium, from 0.3 10% by weight of silicon, and up to 0.3% by weight, in cumulative contents, of additional elements, the remainder being made of aluminum and residual elements or unavoidable impurities.
  • the steel of the sheet comprises, in percent by weight, 0.15% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.5%, 0.5% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 3%, 0.1% ⁇ silicon ⁇ 0.5%, Cr ⁇ 1%, Ni ⁇ 0.1%, Cu ⁇ 0.1%, Ti ⁇ 0.2%, Al ⁇ 0.1%, P ⁇ 0.1%, S ⁇ 0.05%, 0.0005% ⁇ B ⁇ 0.08%, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities due to steel making.
  • Another object of the invention is constituted by a part provided with a sacrificial cathodic protection coating obtainable by the method according to the invention or by cold stamping of a sheet according to the invention, and which is more particularly intended for the automotive industry.
  • the invention relates to a steel sheet provided with a coating comprising in particular lanthanum. Without wishing to be bound by a particular theory, it seems that lanthanum acts as a protective element of the coating.
  • the coating comprises from 0.01 to 0.4% by weight of lanthanum, in particular from 0.05 to 0.4% by weight of lanthanum, typically from 0.1 to 0.3% by weight of lanthanum, preferably from 0 to When the lanthanum content is less than 0.01%, the effect of increased resistance against corrosion is not observed. The same applies when the lanthanum content exceeds 0.4%. Proportions of 0.1 to 0.3% by weight of lanthanum are particularly suitable to minimize the appearance of red rust and thus to protect against corrosion.
  • the coating of the sheet according to the invention comprises from 5 to 40% by weight of zinc and optionally up to 10% by weight of magnesium. Without wishing to be bound by a particular theory, it would seem that these elements make it possible, in combination with lanthanum, to reduce the electrochemical potential of the coating with respect to the steel, in media containing or not containing chloride ions.
  • the coatings according to the invention thus have sacrificial cathodic protection.
  • zinc whose protective effect is greater than that of magnesium and which is simpler to implement because less oxidizable.
  • the coatings of the sheets according to the invention also comprise up to 15% by weight of silicon, in particular from 0.1 to 15%, typically from 0.5 to 10% by weight of silicon, preferably from 0.5 to 5% by weight. by weight of silicon, for example from 1 to 3% of silicon.
  • silicon makes it possible to give the sheets high resistance to oxidation at high temperatures.
  • the presence of silicon allows their use up to 650 ° C without risk of flaking coating.
  • silicon can prevent the formation of a thick layer of iron-zinc intermetallic during a hot dip coating, intermetallic layer that reduces the adhesion and formability of the coating.
  • the presence of a silicon content greater than 0.5% by weight makes them more particularly able to be hardened in press and in particular to be shaped by hot stamping. It is preferred to use for this purpose an amount of 0.5 to 15% silicon.
  • a content greater than 15% by weight is undesirable since primary silicon is formed which could degrade the properties of the coating, in particular the properties of corrosion resistance.
  • the coatings of the sheets according to the invention can also comprise, in aggregated contents, up to 0.3% by weight, preferably up to 0.1% by weight, or even less than 0.05% by weight of elements. additional such as Sb, Pb, Ti, Ca, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zr, In, Sn, Hf or Bi. These various elements may allow, among other things, to improve the corrosion resistance of the coating or its fragility or adhesion, for example. Those skilled in the art who know their effects on the characteristics of the coating will be able to use them according to the complementary objective sought, in the proportion adapted for this purpose which will generally be from 20 ppm to 50 ppm. It was further verified that these elements did not interfere with the main properties sought in the context of the invention.
  • the coatings of the sheets according to the invention may also comprise unavoidable residual elements and impurities resulting, in particular, from the pollution of hot dip galvanizing baths by passage of the steel strips or impurities from the ingots of the same baths or ingots of vacuum deposition processes.
  • a residual element mention may be made of iron which may be present in amounts of up to 5% by weight and in general from 2 to 4% by weight in hot dip coating baths.
  • the coating may therefore comprise from 0 to 5% by weight of iron, for example from 2 to 4% by weight.
  • the sheet coatings according to the invention finally comprise aluminum, the content of which can range from about 29% to about 99% by weight.
  • This element makes it possible to provide protection against corrosion of the plates by a barrier effect. It increases the melting temperature and the evaporation temperature of the coating, thus making it possible to implement it more easily, in particular by hot stamping and in a wide range of time and temperature. This may be particularly interesting when the composition of the steel of the sheet and / or the final microstructure referred to for the part require to pass through austenitization at high temperature and / or for long periods.
  • the coating comprises more than 50%, especially more than 70%, preferably more than 80% by weight of aluminum.
  • the coatings of the sheets according to the invention do not comprise an amorphous phase.
  • the presence or absence of amorphous phase can in particular be verified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
  • DSC differential scanning calorimetry
  • the amorphous phase is generally difficult to form. It is usually formed by considerably increasing the cooling rate.
  • the document EP 1 997 927 describes getting an amorphous phase by acting on the cooling rate, said speed being dependent on the cooling method and the thickness of the coating.
  • the upper layer may also contain Al-Zn binary.
  • the thickness of the coating is preferably from 10 to 50 ⁇ m. Indeed, below 10 microns, protection against corrosion of the band might be insufficient. Above 50 ⁇ m corrosion protection exceeds the required level, especially in the automotive field. In addition, if a coating of such thickness is subjected to a significant rise in temperature and / or for long periods, it may melt in the upper part and come to flow on the oven rolls or in the stamping tools , which would deteriorate them. A thickness of 27 to 50 microns is particularly suitable for the manufacture of press hardened parts, especially by hot stamping.
  • the nature of it is not critical as long as the coating can adhere sufficiently.
  • the steel has a composition that allows the part to reach a tensile strength of 500 to 1600 MPa, depending on the conditions. of use.
  • a steel composition comprising, in% by weight: 0.15% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.5%, 0.5% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 3%, 0.1% ⁇ If ⁇ 0.5%, Cr ⁇ 1%, Ni ⁇ 0.1%, Cu ⁇ 0.1%, Ti ⁇ 0.2%, Al ⁇ 0.1%, P ⁇ 0.1%, S ⁇ 0 , 05%, 0.0005% ⁇ B ⁇ 0.08%, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities from the elaboration of steel.
  • An example of a commercially available steel is 22MnB5.
  • a steel composition comprising: 0.040% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.100%, 0.80% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 2.00%, Si ⁇ 0.30 %, S ⁇ 0.005%, P ⁇ 0.030%, 0.010% ⁇ Al ⁇ 0.070%, 0.015% ⁇ Nb ⁇ 0.100%, 0.030% ⁇ Ti ⁇ 0.080%, N ⁇ 0.009%, Cu ⁇ 0.100%, Ni ⁇ 0.100%, Cr ⁇ 0.100%, Mo ⁇ 0.100%, Ca ⁇ 0.006%, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities resulting from the preparation of steel.
  • the steel sheets can be made by hot rolling and can optionally be cold rolled, depending on the final thickness referred to, which can vary, for example, from 0.7 to 3 mm.
  • the sheets may be coated by any suitable means such as an electrodeposition process or by a vacuum deposition method or under pressure close to atmospheric pressure, such as deposition by magnetron sputtering, by cold plasma or by evaporation under vacuum for example, but it will be preferred to obtain them by a hot dipping coating process in a molten metal bath. It is observed that the superficial cathodic protection is more important for coatings obtained by hot quenching than for coatings obtained by other coating processes.
  • said coating is cooled to complete solidification at a cooling rate advantageously between 5 and 30 ° C / s, preferably between 15 and 25 ° C / s, for example by blowing inert gas or air.
  • the cooling rate of the present invention does not allow to obtain an amorphous phase in the coating.
  • the sheets according to the invention can then be shaped by any method adapted to the structure and shape of the parts to be manufactured, such as for example cold stamping.
  • the sheets according to the invention are more particularly suitable for the manufacture of hardened parts in press, in particular by hot stamping.
  • This method consists of supplying a steel sheet according to the previously coated invention, then cutting the sheet to obtain a blank.
  • This blank is then heated in an oven under a non-protective atmosphere to an austenitization temperature Tm of 840 to 950 ° C, preferably of 880 to 930 ° C, and then to maintain the blank at this temperature Tm for a duration tm ranging from 1 to 8 minutes, preferably from 4 to 6 minutes.
  • the temperature Tm and the holding time tm depend on the nature of the steel but also on the thickness of the sheets to be stamped, which must be entirely in the austenitic field before they are shaped.
  • the speed of rise in temperature also affects these parameters, a high speed (greater than 30 ° C / s for example) to also reduce the holding time tm.
  • the blank is then transferred to a hot stamping tool and then stamped.
  • the resulting part is then cooled either in the stamping tool itself or after transfer to a specific cooling tool.
  • the cooling rate is in all cases controlled according to the composition of the steel, so that its final microstructure after the hot stamping comprises at least one component selected from martensite and bainite, in order to achieve the desired level of mechanical strength.
  • This upper portion has a thickness of at least 5 microns and generally less than 13 microns.
  • the proportion of iron can for example be measured by glow discharge spectrometry (LDS).
  • the temperature Tm and / or the holding time tm it is possible to limit the temperature Tm and / or the holding time tm. It is also possible to increase the thickness of the pre-coating to prevent the diffusion front of the iron from reaching the surface of the coating. In this respect, it is preferable to use a sheet having a pre-coating thickness greater than or equal to 27 ⁇ m, preferably greater than or equal to 30 ⁇ m or even 35 ⁇ m.
  • the contents of lanthanum and / or zinc and possibly magnesium of the previous coating may also be increased.
  • the figure shows the extent of red rust versus time per hour for each of the 6 coatings tested in the tests.
  • Tests were carried out with four trilayer samples, each consisting of a sheet of cold rolled 22MnB5 5 mm thick (1 st layer), provided with a coating obtained by hot dip a thickness of 1 mm and composition is specified below (2nd layer), itself covered with a second sheet of laminated 22MnB5 thickness cold 5 mm (3rd layer).
  • red rust and electrochemical extension measurements were performed and are provided in the tables below.
  • Al 2 Si-10Zn Al 2 Si-10Zn-0,2La Al 2 Si-10Zn-0,5La Al 2 Si-4Zn-2 Mg Al 2 Si-4Zn-2 Mg-0,2La Al 2 Si-4Zn-2 Mg-0,5La N-VDA test red rust No protection Partial protection No protection No protection Partial protection No protection Average area over which red rust has spread to static (%) 25 5 38 28 6 24 N-VDA, 35 ° C / 95% RH, medium Galvanic current (nA) -700 1862 240 N-VDA, 50 ° C / 90% RH, medium Galvanic current (nA) -120 1400 250
  • the figure also shows that the 0.2% lanthanum coating has a galvanic coupling current with steel much higher than the lanthanum or 0.5% La coating.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
EP15724718.0A 2014-05-28 2015-05-28 Tôle d'acier munie d'un revêtement à protection cathodique sacrificielle comprenant du lanthane Active EP3149217B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MA39875A MA39875B1 (fr) 2014-05-28 2015-05-28 Tôle d'acier munie d'un revêtement à protection cathodique sacrificielle comprenant du lanthane
PL15724718T PL3149217T3 (pl) 2014-05-28 2015-05-28 Blacha stalowa zaopatrzona w protektorową katodową powłokę ochronną zawierającą lantan

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2014/061788 WO2015181581A1 (fr) 2014-05-28 2014-05-28 Tôle d'acier munie d'un revêtement à protection cathodique sacrificielle comprenant du lanthane
PCT/EP2015/061891 WO2015181318A1 (fr) 2014-05-28 2015-05-28 Tôle d'acier munie d'un revêtement à protection cathodique sacrificielle comprenant du lanthane

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3149217A1 EP3149217A1 (fr) 2017-04-05
EP3149217B1 true EP3149217B1 (fr) 2018-07-11

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US (1) US10676804B2 (es)
EP (1) EP3149217B1 (es)
JP (1) JP6762879B2 (es)
KR (1) KR102384093B1 (es)
CN (2) CN106460138A (es)
BR (1) BR112016027581B1 (es)
CA (1) CA2950476C (es)
ES (1) ES2689039T3 (es)
HU (1) HUE040007T2 (es)
MA (1) MA39875B1 (es)
MX (1) MX2016015550A (es)
PL (1) PL3149217T3 (es)
RU (1) RU2689979C2 (es)
UA (1) UA120272C2 (es)
WO (2) WO2015181581A1 (es)

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JP6812996B2 (ja) * 2017-03-31 2021-01-13 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 溶融Ａｌ系めっき鋼板とその製造方法
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RU2016146657A (ru) 2018-05-28
HUE040007T2 (hu) 2019-02-28
RU2689979C2 (ru) 2019-05-30
UA120272C2 (uk) 2019-11-11
ES2689039T3 (es) 2018-11-08
MA39875B1 (fr) 2018-10-31
CN114717502A (zh) 2022-07-08
JP2017524806A (ja) 2017-08-31
CA2950476C (fr) 2023-01-03
KR20170010773A (ko) 2017-02-01
US20170198374A1 (en) 2017-07-13
PL3149217T3 (pl) 2019-01-31
CN106460138A (zh) 2017-02-22
WO2015181581A1 (fr) 2015-12-03
CA2950476A1 (fr) 2015-12-03
JP6762879B2 (ja) 2020-09-30
MX2016015550A (es) 2017-04-25
MA39875A (fr) 2017-04-05
WO2015181318A1 (fr) 2015-12-03
EP3149217A1 (fr) 2017-04-05
KR102384093B1 (ko) 2022-04-06
US10676804B2 (en) 2020-06-09
BR112016027581B1 (pt) 2021-02-23
RU2016146657A3 (es) 2018-12-12

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