EP3147382A1 - Use of a metallic element made from a copper-zinc- manganese alloy as electric heating element - Google Patents
Use of a metallic element made from a copper-zinc- manganese alloy as electric heating element Download PDFInfo
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- EP3147382A1 EP3147382A1 EP16190686.2A EP16190686A EP3147382A1 EP 3147382 A1 EP3147382 A1 EP 3147382A1 EP 16190686 A EP16190686 A EP 16190686A EP 3147382 A1 EP3147382 A1 EP 3147382A1
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- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- use according
- heating element
- copper
- zinc
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- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- SWRLHCAIEJHDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Cu].[Zn] Chemical compound [Mn].[Cu].[Zn] SWRLHCAIEJHDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004023 plastic welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910003336 CuNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910002535 CuZn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016347 CuSn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/05—Alloys based on copper with manganese as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of a formed of a copper-zinc-manganese alloy metallic element as an electric heating element.
- the use may particularly relate to low temperature applications.
- Electric heating elements and in particular resistance wires or heating wires - or heating conductors in general - for heating applications are often made of Ni alloys and in particular of CuNi alloys.
- CuNi alloys have good processability and corrosion resistance and, because of their perfect miscibility, advantageously permit adjustment of material-specific parameters for setting a desired specific resistance.
- the ohmic resistance of a concrete body can then be calculated from its geometric dimensions and resistivity. Accordingly, in the standard DIN 17471: 1983-04 different CuNi alloys as resistance alloys u.a. intended for use as heating elements or heating conductors.
- these alloys have the disadvantage of a high price due to the Ni content. In addition, they have the disadvantage of a nickel-induced sensitizing and carcinogenic effect.
- CuSn alloys are also very expensive due to the Sn content
- CuZn alloys are subject to limitations due to, among other things, the need for formability. In particular, this generally limits the achievable Zn content in the case of CuZn alloys, so that unlike, for example, CuNi alloys, no lower conductivities than 15 MS / m can be achieved with good formability. It is an object of the present invention, in connection with electrical heating elements compared to CuNi alloys while maintaining a good formability and the accessibility of low conductance to achieve an improvement in terms of cost.
- the metallic element formed of a copper-zinc-manganese alloy having a copper content of at least 63% by weight as the electric heating element.
- the metallic element may be formed of a copper-zinc-manganese alloy having a copper content of at least 65% by weight.
- the manganese in the context of the present invention, it has been recognized that it is precisely the combination of copper, zinc and manganese that brings specific advantages for use in electrical heating elements.
- the cost of the alloy can be significantly reduced.
- the manganese on the one hand has the advantageous effect that its influence on the conductance is much greater than that of the zinc, so that, unlike brass and other CuZn alloys, low conductivities of, for example, less than 15 MS / m can be achieved ,
- the manganese can be used by choosing its content to bring the conductance at least roughly into the desired range, and the Zn content can then be selected preferably to make a fine adjustment of the conductance.
- the manganese has the advantageous effect that the copper content despite the desire to achieve low conductance can be so high that a good cold workability of the alloy is maintained. Excessive Zn levels lead to precipitations of ⁇ -phase which adversely affect formability. Due to the large influence of manganese on the conductance or resistance, Even the lowest contents of Mn are sufficient to achieve advantageous conductivities. Overall, in comparison to a comparable pure CuZn alloy, part of the zinc is replaced by manganese to obtain the above advantageous properties.
- the invention is also based on the finding that for many heating applications a high corrosion or oxidation resistance in practice plays no role. For example, oxidation is not a problem for heating applications in the low temperature range or in areas where the heating elements or heating conductors are provided with insulation. Therefore, the above properties of the copper-zinc-manganese alloys according to the invention can be specifically adapted for use in electrical Use heating elements - and in particular in the low temperature range - in an advantageous manner.
- the copper content of the alloy is 63 to 70% by weight and, for example, 65 to 70% by weight.
- a copper content which is made possible by the manganese in combination with copper and zinc, ensures that precipitates of ⁇ -phase which can not be deformed, and, on the other hand, that sufficient zinc and manganese are present in the alloy in order to prevent the To reduce costs, and to be able to adjust the conductivity in wide ranges and in particular to low values.
- the manganese content of the alloy is at least 0.2% by weight and, for example, more than 0.3% by weight, preferably more than 0.5% by weight or more preferably more than 0.8% by weight.
- the manganese content of the alloy is preferably 0.2 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 20% by weight and more preferably 0.8 to 6% by weight.
- the sum of the manganese content and the zinc content of the alloy is from 30 to 37% by weight, more preferably from 30 to 35% by weight, and even more preferably from 33 to 35% by weight.
- the alloy is single-phase at room temperature and has the ⁇ -phase.
- the alloy has more than 90% ⁇ -phase.
- the alloy may have been recrystallized in the production of the metallic element. But this is not a requirement.
- the electrical heating element is used at a continuous use temperature of not more than 300 ° C., preferably not more than 200 ° C., and more preferably not more than 150 ° C.
- the continuous use temperature is preferably for electrically insulated or provided with an electrical insulation metallic elements at most 300 ° C and for bare or no electrical insulation having metallic elements preferably at most 200 ° C. At these low temperatures, particularly low demands are placed on the corrosion or oxidation resistance or on a corrosion or oxidation protection.
- the alloy in the metallic element has an electrical conductivity of less than 15 MS / m at room temperature.
- the alloy may have been annealed during the manufacture of the metallic element, or subjected to a recovery process and / or recrystallized. But this is not a requirement.
- the metallic element is made by continuously casting it continuously and then reshaping it.
- the forming may preferably comprise rolling steps and / or drawing and annealing steps, for example a rolling step followed by a rolling step Annealing step, a subsequent drawing step and finally another annealing step.
- the metallic element or the electrical heating element is a wire, such as a wire with a circular, circular, rectangular or polygonal cross-section, a square wire, a profiled wire or a flat wire.
- the metallic element or electrical heating element is a resistance wire or heating wire or heating conductor. Resistance wires or heating wires or heating conductors are described in DIN 17471: 1983-04 under point 6 "Delivery condition".
- the heating element is used with electrical insulation. This allows it to be used even at high temperatures.
- the heating element is used in a surface heating, in a cable-shaped heating or in elements for plastic welding, for example in an electric blanket, a floor heating or an electric welding sleeve.
- the metallic element consists of CuZn32.6Mn0.8 and has 32.6 wt% Zn and 0.8 wt% Mn.
- the tensile strength is 500 N / mm 2 and the ductility is 20%.
- the metallic element has a circular cross section with a diameter of 0.6 mm at a value of 0.337 ⁇ / m.
- the conductance is approx. 10.5 MS / m.
- This example is an alternative to the CuNi6 alloy in terms of conductance and has a 50% greater strength compared to the alloy.
- the metallic element consists of CuZn31.5Mn1.9 and has 31.5 wt% Zn and 1.9 wt% Mn.
- the tensile strength is 500 N / mm 2 and the ductility is 20%.
- the metallic element has a circular cross section with a diameter of 0.6 mm at a value of 0.5 ⁇ / m.
- the conductance is approx. 7.1 MS / m. This example represents an alternative to the CuNi10 alloy in terms of conductance, and compared to that, it has almost 50% greater strength.
- the metallic element consists of CuZn28.1Mn4.9 and has 28.1 wt% Zn and 4.9 wt% Mn.
- the tensile strength is 500 N / mm 2 and the ductility is 20%.
- the metallic element has a circular cross-section of 0.6 mm with a resistance of 0.9 ⁇ / m.
- the conductance is approx. 3.9 MS / m.
- the above exemplary metallic elements may be manufactured by first casting a 20 mm diameter element by continuous casting, then rolling to a diameter of 12 mm, and finally a stationary annealing step Temperature of 450 to 600 ° C is subjected to complete softening. Then, after cooling, another rolling step is carried out, with which the diameter is brought to 8 mm, followed by another stationary annealing step at a temperature of 450 to 600 ° C until complete softening. The element is then brought to a diameter of 5 mm after cooling by drawing and another stationary annealing step is carried out at a temperature of 450 to 600 ° C until complete softening.
- the element is brought to a diameter of 3 mm after cooling by drawing and a continuous annealing is carried out at a temperature of 750 to 800 ° C, wherein the speed is adjusted so that it comes to a complete softening.
- a continuous annealing is carried out at a temperature of 750 to 800 ° C, wherein the speed is adjusted so that it comes to a complete softening.
- two further drawing steps are carried out, with which the diameter is first brought to 1.5 mm and then to the final diameter of 0.6 mm, with an inline annealing followed by a cooling being carried out following the two drawing operations.
Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eines aus einer Kupfer-Zink-Mangan-Legierung mit einem Kupfergehalt von mindestens 63 Gew.% ausgebildeten metallischen Elements als elektrisches Heizelement, insbesondere für Niedrigtemperaturanwendungen.The present invention relates to the use of a metallic zinc element formed of a copper-zinc-manganese alloy having a copper content of at least 63% by weight as an electric heating element, in particular for low-temperature applications.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eines aus einer Kupfer-Zink-Mangan-Legierung ausgebildeten metallischen Elements als elektrisches Heizelement. Die Verwendung kann insbesondere Niedrigtemperaturanwendungen betreffen.The present invention relates to the use of a formed of a copper-zinc-manganese alloy metallic element as an electric heating element. The use may particularly relate to low temperature applications.
Elektrische Heizelemente und insbesondere Widerstandsdrähte bzw. Heizdrähte - oder allgemein Heizleiter - für Heizanwendungen werden häufig aus Ni-Legierungen und insbesondere aus CuNi-Legierungen hergestellt. CuNi-Legierungen weisen eine gute Verarbeitkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit auf und erlauben aufgrund der vollkommenen Mischbarkeit in vorteilhafter Weise eine Einstellung materialspezifischer Kennwerte zur Einstellung eines gewünschten spezifischen Widerstands. Der ohmsche Widerstand eines konkreten Körpers lässt sich dann aus seinen geometrischen Abmessungen und dem spezifischen Widerstand berechnen. Dementsprechend sind in der Norm DIN 17471:1983-04 verschiedene CuNi-Legierungen als Widerstandslegierungen u.a. zur Verwendung als Heizelemente bzw. Heizleiter vorgesehen. Diese Legierungen haben aufgrund des Ni-Gehalts allerdings den Nachteil eines hohen Preises. Außerdem haben sie den Nachteil einer durch das Nickel bedingten sensibilisierende und karzinogenen Wirkung.Electric heating elements and in particular resistance wires or heating wires - or heating conductors in general - for heating applications are often made of Ni alloys and in particular of CuNi alloys. CuNi alloys have good processability and corrosion resistance and, because of their perfect miscibility, advantageously permit adjustment of material-specific parameters for setting a desired specific resistance. The ohmic resistance of a concrete body can then be calculated from its geometric dimensions and resistivity. Accordingly, in the standard DIN 17471: 1983-04 different CuNi alloys as resistance alloys u.a. intended for use as heating elements or heating conductors. However, these alloys have the disadvantage of a high price due to the Ni content. In addition, they have the disadvantage of a nickel-induced sensitizing and carcinogenic effect.
Andere im Stand der Technik zum Teil verwendete Legierungen haben gegenüber CuNi-Legierungen Nachteile. So sind beispielsweise CuSn-Legierungen aufgrund des Sn-Gehalts ebenfalls sehr teuer, und CuZn-Legierungen sind - wie auch andere Legierungen - u.a. aufgrund der erforderlichen Umformbarkeit Beschränkungen unterworfen. Insbesondere ist dadurch im Allgemeinen bei CuZn-Legierungen der realisierbare Zn-Gehalt begrenzt, so dass anders als etwa mit CuNi-Legierungen keine niedrigeren Leitwerte als 15 MS/m bei guter Umformbarkeit erzielbar sind. Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, in Zusammenhang mit elektrischen Heizelementen gegenüber CuNi-Legierungen unter Beibehaltung einer guten Umformbarkeit und der Erreichbarkeit von niedrigen Leitwerten eine Verbesserung in Bezug auf die Kosten zu erzielen.Other alloys used in the prior art have disadvantages compared to CuNi alloys. For example, CuSn alloys are also very expensive due to the Sn content, and CuZn alloys, like other alloys, are subject to limitations due to, among other things, the need for formability. In particular, this generally limits the achievable Zn content in the case of CuZn alloys, so that unlike, for example, CuNi alloys, no lower conductivities than 15 MS / m can be achieved with good formability. It is an object of the present invention, in connection with electrical heating elements compared to CuNi alloys while maintaining a good formability and the accessibility of low conductance to achieve an improvement in terms of cost.
Nach der vorliegenden Erfindung ist vorgesehen, ein metallisches Element, das aus einer Kupfer-Zink-Mangan-Legierung mit einem Kupfergehalt von mindestens 63 Gew.% ausgebildet ist, als elektrisches Heizelement zu verwenden. In einer Ausführungsform kann das metallische Element aus einer Kupfer-Zink-Mangan-Legierung mit einem Kupfergehalt von mindestens 65 Gew.% ausgebildet sein.According to the present invention, it is intended to use a metallic element formed of a copper-zinc-manganese alloy having a copper content of at least 63% by weight as the electric heating element. In one embodiment, the metallic element may be formed of a copper-zinc-manganese alloy having a copper content of at least 65% by weight.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ist erkannt worden, dass gerade die Kombination von Kupfer, Zink und Mangan spezifische Vorteile für die Verwendung in elektrischen Heizelementen mit sich bringt. Durch einen relativ hohen Zn-Gehalt können die Kosten der Legierung erheblich gesenkt werden. Das Mangan hat dabei zum einen die vorteilhafte Wirkung, dass sein Einfluss auf den Leitwert sehr viel größer ist als der des Zinks, so dass anders als bei Messing und anderen CuZn-Legierungen auch geringe Leitwerte von zum Beispiel weniger als 15 MS/m erreichbar sind. Insgesamt kann das Mangan durch Wahl seines Gehalts dazu verwendet werden, den Leitwert zumindest grob in den gewünschten Bereich zu bringen, und der Zn-Gehalt kann dann bevorzugt gewählt werden, um eine Feineinstellung des Leitwerts vorzunehmen. Zum anderen hat das Mangan die vorteilhafte Wirkung, dass der Kupfergehalt trotz des Wunsches der Erzielung geringer Leitwerte so hoch sein kann, dass eine gute Kaltumformbarkeit der Legierung erhalten bleibt. Bei zu hohen Zn-Gehalten kommt es zu Ausscheidungen von β-Phase, die die Umformbarkeit in nachteiliger Weise beeinträchtigen. Aufgrund des großen Einflusses des Mangans auf den Leitwert bzw. Widerstand, reichen bereits geringste Gehalte von Mn, um vorteilhafte Leitwerte zu erreichen. Insgesamt wird im Vergleich zu einer vergleichbaren reinen CuZn-Legierung ein Teil des Zinks durch Mangan ersetzt, um die obigen vorteilhaften Eigenschaften zu erhalten.In the context of the present invention, it has been recognized that it is precisely the combination of copper, zinc and manganese that brings specific advantages for use in electrical heating elements. By a relatively high Zn content, the cost of the alloy can be significantly reduced. The manganese on the one hand has the advantageous effect that its influence on the conductance is much greater than that of the zinc, so that, unlike brass and other CuZn alloys, low conductivities of, for example, less than 15 MS / m can be achieved , Overall, the manganese can be used by choosing its content to bring the conductance at least roughly into the desired range, and the Zn content can then be selected preferably to make a fine adjustment of the conductance. On the other hand, the manganese has the advantageous effect that the copper content despite the desire to achieve low conductance can be so high that a good cold workability of the alloy is maintained. Excessive Zn levels lead to precipitations of β-phase which adversely affect formability. Due to the large influence of manganese on the conductance or resistance, Even the lowest contents of Mn are sufficient to achieve advantageous conductivities. Overall, in comparison to a comparable pure CuZn alloy, part of the zinc is replaced by manganese to obtain the above advantageous properties.
Die Erfindung basiert außerdem auf der Erkenntnis, dass für viele Heizanwendungen eine hohe Korrosions- bzw. Oxidationsbeständigkeit in der Praxis keine Rolle spielt. So stellt Oxidation beispielsweise für Heizanwendungen im Niedertemperaturbereich oder in Bereichen, in denen die Heizelemente bzw. Heizleiter mit einer Isolation versehen sind, kein Problem dar. Daher lassen sich die obigen Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Kupfer-Zink-Mangan-Legierungen speziell für die Verwendung in elektrischen Heizelementen - und insbesondere im Niedrigtemperaturbereich - in vorteilhafter Weise ausnutzen.The invention is also based on the finding that for many heating applications a high corrosion or oxidation resistance in practice plays no role. For example, oxidation is not a problem for heating applications in the low temperature range or in areas where the heating elements or heating conductors are provided with insulation. Therefore, the above properties of the copper-zinc-manganese alloys according to the invention can be specifically adapted for use in electrical Use heating elements - and in particular in the low temperature range - in an advantageous manner.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform beträgt der Kupfergehalt der Legierung 63 bis 70 Gew.% und zum Beispiel 65 bis 70 Gew.%. Ein solcher, durch das Mangan in Kombination mit Kupfer und Zink ermöglichter, Kupfergehalt gewährleistet zum einen, dass es nicht zu die Umformbarkeit beeinträchtigenden Ausscheidungen von β-Phase kommt, und zum anderen, dass ausreichend Zink und Mangan in der Legierung vorhanden sind, um die Kosten zu reduzieren, und die Leitfähigkeit in weiten Bereichen und insbesondere auf niedrige Werte einstellen zu können.In an advantageous embodiment, the copper content of the alloy is 63 to 70% by weight and, for example, 65 to 70% by weight. On the one hand, such a copper content, which is made possible by the manganese in combination with copper and zinc, ensures that precipitates of β-phase which can not be deformed, and, on the other hand, that sufficient zinc and manganese are present in the alloy in order to prevent the To reduce costs, and to be able to adjust the conductivity in wide ranges and in particular to low values.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform beträgt der Mangangehalt der Legierung mindestens 0,2 Gew.% und zum Beispiel mehr als 0,3 Gew.%, bevorzugt mehr als 0,5 Gew.% oder mehr bevorzugt mehr als 0,8 Gew.%. Bevorzugt beträgt der Mangangehalt der Legierung 0,2 bis 20 Gew.%, bevorzugt 0,3 bis 20 Gew.% und mehr bevorzugt 0,8 bis 6 Gew.%.In an advantageous embodiment, the manganese content of the alloy is at least 0.2% by weight and, for example, more than 0.3% by weight, preferably more than 0.5% by weight or more preferably more than 0.8% by weight. The manganese content of the alloy is preferably 0.2 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 20% by weight and more preferably 0.8 to 6% by weight.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform beträgt die Summe des Mangangehalts und des Zinkgehalts der Legierung 30 bis 37 Gew.%, mehr bevorzugt 30 bis 35 Gew.% und noch mehr bevorzugt 33 bis 35 Gew.%.In an advantageous embodiment, the sum of the manganese content and the zinc content of the alloy is from 30 to 37% by weight, more preferably from 30 to 35% by weight, and even more preferably from 33 to 35% by weight.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist die Legierung bei Raumtemperatur einphasig und weist die α-Phase auf. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, dass die Legierung zu mehr als 90% α-Phase aufweist. Die Legierung kann bei der Herstellung des metallischen Elements rekristallisiert worden sein. Dies ist aber kein Erfordernis.In an advantageous embodiment, the alloy is single-phase at room temperature and has the α-phase. However, it is also possible that the alloy has more than 90% α-phase. The alloy may have been recrystallized in the production of the metallic element. But this is not a requirement.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform wird das elektrische Heizelement bei einer Dauereinsatztemperatur von maximal 300 °C, bevorzugt maximal 200 °C, und mehr bevorzugt maximal 150 °C verwendet. Dabei beträgt die Dauereinsatztemperatur bevorzugt für elektrisch isolierte bzw. mit einer elektrischen Isolation versehene metallische Elemente maximal 300 °C und für blanke bzw. keine elektrische Isolation aufweisende metallische Elemente bevorzugt maximal 200 °C. Bei diesen geringen Temperaturen werden besonders geringe Anforderungen an die Korrosions- bzw. Oxidationsbeständigkeit oder an einen Korrosions- bzw. Oxidationsschutz gestellt.In an advantageous embodiment, the electrical heating element is used at a continuous use temperature of not more than 300 ° C., preferably not more than 200 ° C., and more preferably not more than 150 ° C. The continuous use temperature is preferably for electrically insulated or provided with an electrical insulation metallic elements at most 300 ° C and for bare or no electrical insulation having metallic elements preferably at most 200 ° C. At these low temperatures, particularly low demands are placed on the corrosion or oxidation resistance or on a corrosion or oxidation protection.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist die Legierung in dem metallischen Element bei Raumtemperatur einen elektrischen Leitwert von weniger als 15 MS/m auf. Die Legierung kann bei der Herstellung des metallischen Elements weichgeglüht bzw. einem Erholungsprozess unterworfen und/oder rekristallisiert worden sein. Dies ist aber kein Erfordernis. Bevorzugt wird das metallische Element hergestellt, indem es kontinuierlich stranggegossen und anschließend umgeformt wird. Das Umformen kann bevorzugt Walzschritte und/oder Zieh- und Glühschritte umfassen, zum Beispiel einen Walzschritt, gefolgt von einem Glühschritt, einem anschließenden Ziehschritt und schließlich einem weiteren Glühschritt.In an advantageous embodiment, the alloy in the metallic element has an electrical conductivity of less than 15 MS / m at room temperature. The alloy may have been annealed during the manufacture of the metallic element, or subjected to a recovery process and / or recrystallized. But this is not a requirement. Preferably, the metallic element is made by continuously casting it continuously and then reshaping it. The forming may preferably comprise rolling steps and / or drawing and annealing steps, for example a rolling step followed by a rolling step Annealing step, a subsequent drawing step and finally another annealing step.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist das metallische Element bzw. das elektrische Heizelement ein Draht, wie zum Beispiel ein Draht mit rundem, kreisförmigem, rechteckigem oder vieleckigem Querschnitt, ein Vierkantdraht, eine Profildraht oder ein Flachdraht. Insbesondere ist das metallische Element bzw. elektrische Heizelement ein Widerstandsdraht bzw. Heizdraht oder Heizleiter. Widerstandsdrähte bzw. Heizdrähte oder Heizleiter sind in DIN 17471:1983-04 unter Punkt 6 "Lieferzustand" beschrieben.In an advantageous embodiment, the metallic element or the electrical heating element is a wire, such as a wire with a circular, circular, rectangular or polygonal cross-section, a square wire, a profiled wire or a flat wire. In particular, the metallic element or electrical heating element is a resistance wire or heating wire or heating conductor. Resistance wires or heating wires or heating conductors are described in DIN 17471: 1983-04 under point 6 "Delivery condition".
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform wird das Heizelement mit elektrischer Isolierung verwendet. Dadurch kann es auch bei hohen Temperaturen eingesetzt werden.In an advantageous embodiment, the heating element is used with electrical insulation. This allows it to be used even at high temperatures.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform wird das Heizelement in einer Flächenheizung, in einer kabelförmigen Heizung oder in Elementen zum Kunststoffschweißen verwendet, zum Beispiel in einer Heizdecke, einer Fußbodenheizung bzw. einer Elektroschweißmuffe.In an advantageous embodiment, the heating element is used in a surface heating, in a cable-shaped heating or in elements for plastic welding, for example in an electric blanket, a floor heating or an electric welding sleeve.
Im Folgenden werden drei Beispiele für Kupfer-Zink-Mangan-Legierungen angegeben, aus denen jeweils ein metallisches Element in Form eines Heizdrahts in vorteilhafter Weise ausgebildet sein kann. In jedem der drei Beispiele wurde das metallische Element hergestellt, indem es kontinuierlich stranggegossen und anschließend umgeformt wurde. Das Umformen umfasste einen Walzschritt, gefolgt von einem Glühschritt, einem anschließenden Ziehschritt und schließlich einem weiteren Glühschritt.In the following, three examples of copper-zinc-manganese alloys are given, from each of which a metallic element in the form of a heating wire can be formed in an advantageous manner. In each of the three examples, the metallic element was prepared by continuous casting and then reshaping. The forming involved a rolling step, followed by an annealing step, a subsequent drawing step, and finally another annealing step.
Das metallische Element besteht aus CuZn32,6Mn0,8 und weist 32,6 Gew.% Zn und 0,8 Gew.% Mn auf. Die Zugfestigkeit beträgt 500 N/mm2, und die Dehnbarkeit beträgt 20%. Das metallische Element hat einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt mit einem Durchmesser von 0,6 mm bei einem Wert von 0,337 Ω/m. Der Leitwert beträgt ca. 10,5 MS/m. Dieses Beispiel stellt in Bezug auf den Leitwert eine Alternative zu der Legierung CuNi6 dar und weist im Vergleich dazu eine 50% größere Festigkeit auf.The metallic element consists of CuZn32.6Mn0.8 and has 32.6 wt% Zn and 0.8 wt% Mn. The tensile strength is 500 N / mm 2 and the ductility is 20%. The metallic element has a circular cross section with a diameter of 0.6 mm at a value of 0.337 Ω / m. The conductance is approx. 10.5 MS / m. This example is an alternative to the CuNi6 alloy in terms of conductance and has a 50% greater strength compared to the alloy.
Das metallische Element besteht aus CuZn31,5Mn1,9 und weist 31,5 Gew.% Zn und 1,9 Gew.% Mn auf. Die Zugfestigkeit beträgt 500 N/mm2, und die Dehnbarkeit beträgt 20%. Das metallische Element hat einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt mit einem Durchmesser von 0,6 mm bei einem Wert von 0,5Ω/m. Der Leitwert beträgt ca 7,1 MS/m. Dieses Beispiel stellt in Bezug auf den Leitwert eine Alternative zu der Legierung CuNi10 dar und weist im Vergleich dazu eine fast 50% größere Festigkeit auf.The metallic element consists of CuZn31.5Mn1.9 and has 31.5 wt% Zn and 1.9 wt% Mn. The tensile strength is 500 N / mm 2 and the ductility is 20%. The metallic element has a circular cross section with a diameter of 0.6 mm at a value of 0.5 Ω / m. The conductance is approx. 7.1 MS / m. This example represents an alternative to the CuNi10 alloy in terms of conductance, and compared to that, it has almost 50% greater strength.
Das metallische Element besteht aus CuZn28,1Mn4,9 und weist 28,1 Gew.% Zn und 4,9 Gew.% Mn auf. Die Zugfestigkeit beträgt 500 N/mm2, und die Dehnbarkeit beträgt 20%. Das metallische Element hat einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt von 0,6 mm bei einem Widerstand von 0,9 Ω/m. Der Leitwert beträgt ca. 3,9 MS/m.The metallic element consists of CuZn28.1Mn4.9 and has 28.1 wt% Zn and 4.9 wt% Mn. The tensile strength is 500 N / mm 2 and the ductility is 20%. The metallic element has a circular cross-section of 0.6 mm with a resistance of 0.9 Ω / m. The conductance is approx. 3.9 MS / m.
Die obigen beispielhaften metallischen Elemente können zum Beispiel hergestellt werden, indem zunächst durch Strangguss ein Element mit einem Durchmesser von 20 mm hergestellt, anschließend durch Walzen auf einen Durchmesser von 12 mm gebracht und schließlich einem stationären Glühschritt bei einer Temperatur von 450 bis 600 °C bis zur vollständigen Erweichung unterzogen wird. Dann erfolgt nach Abkühlung ein weiterer Walzschritt, mit dem der Durchmesser auf 8 mm gebracht wird, gefolgt von einem weiteren stationären Glühschritt bei einer Temperatur von 450 bis 600 °C bis zur vollständigen Erweichung. Anschließend wird das Element nach Abkühlung durch Ziehen auf einen Durchmesser von 5 mm gebracht und ein weiterer stationärer Glühschritt bei einer Temperatur von 450 bis 600 °C bis zur vollständigen Erweichung durchgeführt. Danach wird das Element nach Abkühlung durch Ziehen auf einen Durchmesser von 3 mm gebracht und eine Durchlauf-Glühung bei einer Temperatur von 750 bis 800 °C durchgeführt, wobei die Geschwindigkeit so angepasst wird, dass es zu einer vollständigen Erweichung kommt. Schließlich erfolgen nach Abkühlung zwei weitere Ziehschritte, mit denen der Durchmesser zunächst auf 1,5 mm und dann auf den Enddurchmesser von 0,6 mm gebracht wird, wobei im Anschluss an die beiden Ziehvorgänge jeweils ein Inline-Glühen gefolgt von einer Abkühlung durchgeführt wird.For example, the above exemplary metallic elements may be manufactured by first casting a 20 mm diameter element by continuous casting, then rolling to a diameter of 12 mm, and finally a stationary annealing step Temperature of 450 to 600 ° C is subjected to complete softening. Then, after cooling, another rolling step is carried out, with which the diameter is brought to 8 mm, followed by another stationary annealing step at a temperature of 450 to 600 ° C until complete softening. The element is then brought to a diameter of 5 mm after cooling by drawing and another stationary annealing step is carried out at a temperature of 450 to 600 ° C until complete softening. Thereafter, the element is brought to a diameter of 3 mm after cooling by drawing and a continuous annealing is carried out at a temperature of 750 to 800 ° C, wherein the speed is adjusted so that it comes to a complete softening. Finally, after cooling, two further drawing steps are carried out, with which the diameter is first brought to 1.5 mm and then to the final diameter of 0.6 mm, with an inline annealing followed by a cooling being carried out following the two drawing operations.
Claims (14)
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DE102015116314.4A DE102015116314A1 (en) | 2015-09-25 | 2015-09-25 | Use of a formed of a copper-zinc-manganese alloy metallic element as an electric heating element |
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CN (1) | CN107022694A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102015116314A1 (en) |
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WO2018174259A1 (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2018-09-27 | 株式会社Ihi | Wear-resistant copper zinc alloy and mechanical device using same |
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DK3147382T3 (en) | 2022-06-20 |
RU2016137894A (en) | 2018-03-29 |
RU2016137894A3 (en) | 2020-02-14 |
EP3147382B1 (en) | 2022-04-13 |
DE102015116314A1 (en) | 2017-03-30 |
PL3147382T3 (en) | 2022-08-22 |
CN107022694A (en) | 2017-08-08 |
RU2726522C2 (en) | 2020-07-14 |
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