EP3123490B9 - Relais présentant deux trajets de courant montés en parallèle - Google Patents

Relais présentant deux trajets de courant montés en parallèle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3123490B9
EP3123490B9 EP15791313.8A EP15791313A EP3123490B9 EP 3123490 B9 EP3123490 B9 EP 3123490B9 EP 15791313 A EP15791313 A EP 15791313A EP 3123490 B9 EP3123490 B9 EP 3123490B9
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
main
relay
main contacts
thermally conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP15791313.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3123490B1 (fr
EP3123490A1 (fr
Inventor
Richard Bayer
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Zettler Electronics GmbH
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Zettler Electronics GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3123490A1 publication Critical patent/EP3123490A1/fr
Publication of EP3123490B1 publication Critical patent/EP3123490B1/fr
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Publication of EP3123490B9 publication Critical patent/EP3123490B9/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/12—Ventilating; Cooling; Heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/62—Heating or cooling of contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/08—Indicators; Distinguishing marks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/56—Contact spring sets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/60—Contact arrangements moving contact being rigidly combined with movable part of magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/40—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2205/00—Movable contacts
    • H01H2205/002—Movable contacts fixed to operating part

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for switching a relay with two parallel-connected current paths and the relay for carrying out the method.
  • inverters are usually used to convert the direct current supplied by the photovoltaic systems on roofs into alternating current.
  • the inverters used for this purpose usually have an input side DC voltage side, a DC voltage intermediate circuit and an output side AC voltage side for feeding the electrical power generated by the photovoltaic modules in the electrical supply network.
  • mechanical isolating switches are used to generate a galvanic isolating path.
  • the circuit breakers are usually realized in the form of relays, which are arranged in the inverters directly on the boards.
  • inverters have a controller that regulates the level of the output voltage or the power fed into the grid by the inverter.
  • the control also takes over the control of the relay as well as all other tasks for the operation of the inverter such as a utility company (power company) side reduction of the feed-in power. If the switch is closed, a load current can flow, otherwise not.
  • Relays are switches that are switched by means of an actuator, typically by turning an electromagnet on and off, between at least two switching states (e.g., switch open / switch closed).
  • relays have a first contact that is movable relative to a second contact.
  • the first contact usually has a resilient metal strip which is attached at one end to a carrier, so that the other end is movable.
  • the movable end carries a first contact piece for contacting an opposite second contact piece.
  • the first contact piece and the second contact piece are pressed against each other when the contact is closed.
  • the second contact piece is attached to a conductive metal rail.
  • the metal rail may be a rigid profile or also a resilient metal strip.
  • the retaining rail and the elastic metal strip are also commonly referred to as contact fingers.
  • the first contact finger and the second contact finger together with the respective contact pieces form a main contact.
  • the contacts can be used as e.g. Rivet or designed as welded onto the contact fingers contact surface.
  • the contact pieces may consist of leidayen materials such as copper, aluminum or brass.
  • the first contact By the actuator, the first contact can be moved so that it contacts the second contact or is separated from it.
  • the resetting of the first contact finger can be done via an additional spring, or alone on the spring elasticity of the contact finger and / or the actuator.
  • an electrically controllable drive element As an actuator usually an electrically controllable drive element is used. Relays often have an actuator as a linear motor, which consists for example of a coil and a movably mounted to anchor. When the coil is activated, a force acts on the armature, which moves the armature.
  • the movable armature is usually coupled to the movable first contact pieces or the associated contact fingers, so that these during a movement of the armature be moved.
  • relays to increase the reliability or the current carrying capacity often have two parallel main contact pairs, each with a first movable contact and a second contact.
  • Each of the four contacts has a contact piece which sits opposite a complementary contact piece.
  • a common actuator acts on the two moving contacts.
  • US 2014/0062626 A1 describes an electromagnetic relay. The basic idea is to realize a low-rebound relay with an adjustable contact distance.
  • DE 7323597 U relates to an electrical switch with parallel poles per phase and means for balancing the current distribution.
  • WO 2008/116432 A1 describes a multi-phase switching relay.
  • the individual contact elements are connected via a thermally conductive bridge of electrically insulating material.
  • the DE 3843359 A1 concerns a double relay.
  • the relay consists of two mutually independent changeover contacts.
  • the contacts are designed so that they can be controlled between two different positions.
  • Relays are used in the photovoltaic field in inverters. A relay failure usually leads to a failure of the entire system. This is associated with a loss of income caused by the lack of feed.
  • the object of the invention is to reduce the probability of failure of relays with at least two parallel main contacts in case of failure of a main contact and to allow further operation of the entire system.
  • the invention is based on the observation that relays fail with two main contacts connected in parallel, if due to external circumstances, the contact resistances between the two pairs of contacts are different or one of the two parallel current paths is disturbed in another way, eg because one of the main contacts due to an assembly error or Contamination, scaling or other defect has not been contacted correctly. Due to the failure of a main contact can flow only on the one remaining main contact current. In this case flows over the remaining main contact, that is, the contact fingers and contacts a current that is higher than the specified current of the remaining main contact. The specified current is called rated current below. Due to the increased current across the remaining main contact, the relay is heated so far, so that Thermal damage to the relay or parts of it arise.
  • Core of the invention is to cool the remaining main contact or the remaining main contacts so that they can replace the failed main contact or the relay can be operated at least for a while.
  • the current carrying capacity that is to say the nominal current which the at least one remaining main contact can carry
  • the at least two main contacts are thermally conductively connected to each other.
  • at least two of the main contacts are via a heat conductor, e.g. connected by a thermal bridge.
  • the load current is passed over the at least one remaining main contact.
  • at least a portion of the at least one of the remaining main contacts as heat-releasing power loss can be removed via at least one thermally conductively connected to the remaining main contact heat sink.
  • the at least two first contacts of the main contacts are connected to one another in a thermally conductive manner and / or each can be equipped with a device for discharging the heat generated at the contact pieces and the contact fingers so that the relay can continue to be operated safely in the event of a fault.
  • the thermally conductive connection may be mounted on the same side as the two first contacts. Also, an attachment of the thermally conductive compound on the back of the contact fingers is possible. To improve the thermally conductive connection may be applied between the contact fingers and the thermally conductive compound thermal compound.
  • the thermal conductive connection between the at least two movable first contacts can be realized by at least one metal strip which connects at least two contact fingers and / or contact pieces. At the junction may be applied between the contact finger and the thermally conductive compound thermal compound.
  • the first contact fingers can also be realized via differently shaped thermal conductors which likewise have electrical properties, for example by means of a hanging stranded wire.
  • the position of the thermal connection between the first contact of the first main contact and the first contact of the at least one further main contact is preferably mounted at the height of the contact pieces. As a result, the thermal resistance is reduced due to the shortest possible way to dissipate the dissipated thermal power loss.
  • the invention thus provides a method for switching a load current with a relay having at least two main contacts electrically connected in parallel.
  • the load current is the current that flows through the relay when the main contacts are closed during normal operation, eg of an inverter.
  • the at least two main contacts electrically connected in parallel each have at least one movable first contact finger with a first contact piece. These form the so-called first contact.
  • the contact fingers are mounted on a support. By attachment to the carrier, the respective second end to the first end is movable. To close the load circuit, these first contacts are preferably at least approximately synchronously brought into contact with each with a complementary second contact piece of the corresponding main contact.
  • the first contact piece is removed from the second contact piece, ie the contact pieces are moved apart so that a spatial distance (galvanic separation distance) is set between them.
  • the load circuit is therefore opened again and thus interrupted.
  • the second contact may comprise a fixed inflexible support rail as a contact finger, which is fixed at one end to a support.
  • the second contact pieces are e.g. attached to the free end of the second contact finger.
  • the second contact finger can also be made flexible.
  • the contact fingers can be made of sheet metal strips, which have resilient properties or be designed as a rigid carrier.
  • the metal strips may also consist of several interconnected layers so that an air gap is formed between the individual layers, which leads to an increase in the spring constant and to an improved cooling effect.
  • the first and respectively second contact piece together with carriers and / or contact fingers are also referred to as so-called main contacts.
  • the contact pieces may consist of leiDen materials such as copper, aluminum or brass. To improve themechanicalnleienberg or corrosion protection, the contact pieces may also be provided with a surface coating such as gold or silver. In order to improve various properties, it is also possible to use alloying metals, such as the addition of tungsten, which leads to an improvement in the burning properties.
  • the at least two main contacts are thermally conductively connected via a heat sink which acts as a thermal bridge, so that the defective main contact can be used as a (second) heat sink for the at least one remaining main contact.
  • the thermally conductive bridge can also consist of a plurality of mutually parallel cooling bodies.
  • materials with a specific thermal conductivity become thermally conductive 30 W m ⁇ K designated.
  • the first contact fingers in the region of the first contact pieces may have openings which improve the flow behavior of the first contact fingers and thus improve the cooling of the first contact fingers and the first
  • the thermally conductive connection can in this case preferably connect the at least two first contact pieces directly. Immediately this is to be understood as a connection by the shortest route.
  • the thermally conductive connection is preferably provided at the height of the at least two first contact pieces in order to minimize the thermal contact resistance between the two first contact pieces.
  • the operability of at least one of the at least two main contacts is monitored.
  • the load current can be reduced by the relay via a controller such as an inverter or other device and / or an error message can be issued.
  • a controller such as an inverter or other device
  • an error message can be issued.
  • the temperature difference between the two main contacts can be monitored. If this is greater than a differential limit, then the controller can interpret this as a failure of a main contact.
  • the temperature of one of the two main contacts can be monitored to monitor. A failure occurs when the temperature of one of the two main contacts exceeds a limit.
  • the temperature measurement can be done by means of temperature sensors such as PTC or NTC conductors or in any other way.
  • the temperature sensors can be arranged in the relay housing or outside the relay or on the board, for example, the inverter whose printed circuit boards can also be used as cooling surfaces. Alternatively, in each case a temperature sensor can be applied to each of the at least two contact pairs. For example, alternatively or additionally, the temperature of the supply line of the relay can be determined.
  • relays are often mounted on boards, with the existing terminal mounting lugs or solder tails of the relay soldered or inserted into an existing on the board plug-in base. The terminal lugs can then be used for heat dissipation via heat sinks or cooling surfaces that are also available on the circuit board.
  • An alternative possibility for detecting a contact failure is to detect the voltage value via the at least two main contacts.
  • the detection of the voltage drop can also be made via the terminal lugs of the relay. If the voltage drop on at least one of the at least two contact fingers falls below or exceeds a certain value, the load current can likewise be reduced and / or an error message can be output.
  • Another alternative for monitoring faultless operation is the detection of the current flowing through the main contacts, e.g. by means of a built-in measuring resistor, an inductive measuring transducer or a Hall sensor.
  • the current through one of the main contacts or the difference between the currents through the main contacts rises or falls above or below a predetermined value, it is likewise possible to trigger one of the abovementioned measures in order to enable safe continued operation of the relay.
  • the evaluation of the measurement as well as the initiation of the mentioned measures can take place via the control or regulation present in the inverter.
  • the method described is used to operate a relay for switching a load current.
  • the relay is equipped with at least two electrically connected to be operated main contacts, each having a first movable contact fingers.
  • the electrical parallel connection can be done by a bridge between the main contacts in the relay or by an external electrically conductive bridge, for example on the board.
  • the first contact fingers each carry at least one first contact piece, which is arranged in each case opposite at least one complementary second contact piece.
  • the respective first contact fingers or the first contact pieces can be operatively connected to at least one actuator in order to bring the first contact pieces into contact with the correspondingly complementary second contact pieces in synchronism with each other.
  • At least two movable contact fingers of the at least two main contacts are thermally conductively connected to each other.
  • the movable contact fingers usually have a smaller cross-sectional area than the static contact fingers. Therefore, the heat dissipation of the movable contact fingers on the terminals of the relay is comparably poor. This problem can be compensated by the thermally conductive coupling of the movable contact fingers.
  • the cross section A of the thermally conductive compound may preferably satisfy the following relation: A ⁇ P v l ⁇ T ⁇
  • P v is the power loss of a main contact at its rated current
  • I the length of the thermally conductive connection between the main contacts
  • ⁇ the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive connection
  • ⁇ T the maximum allowable temperature difference between the beginning and end of the thermally conductive connection
  • the at least two main contacts are electrically connected in parallel, the current flowing through them is split. In practice, however, this division is often uneven, e.g. like 70:30 or 60:40. In rated operation, the nominal current flows via each of the at least two main contacts on average.
  • R K denotes the corresponding ohmic resistance of the main contact and I N is the rated current flowing through the respective main contact.
  • the power dissipated in the contact finger can be neglected in this case since, in comparison to the power loss at the contact point, that is negligible to the resulting power loss at the contact pieces.
  • the at least one remaining main contact must carry twice the rated current through the main contact. This results in twice the power loss at this main contact.
  • the additional power loss is dissipated via the defective main contact and / or at least one radiator body attached to the still functioning main contact in the region of the contact pieces.
  • Q ⁇ A ⁇ T l approximately applicable.
  • Q ⁇ corresponds to the heat flow
  • A is the surface of the heat conductor used for heat dissipation
  • ⁇ corresponds to the thermal conductivity of the heat conductor material
  • ⁇ T the temperature difference between the beginning and end of the heat conductor and l the length of the heat conductor in the direction of the second main contact.
  • a pre-factor may be taken into account when each of the at least two main contacts is designed for slightly more than the current flowing through the relay during normal operation. Alternatively, this would also be possible if a higher upper limit temperature of the main contacts is allowed than in normal operation. Accordingly, therefore, not the full nominal loss line must be dissipated.
  • the voltage or another can be applied via the soldering lugs or via the main contacts or at a separate output Measured signal tapped and fed to a control or regulation of the inverter.
  • the control or regulation of the inverter can reduce the current through the relay so far that it corresponds to the current carrying capacity of a cooled main contact.
  • the inverter can send an error message about the defect of a relay to eg an operating center via an existing network connection or other means of communication. As a result, the relay can be swapped as quickly as possible before a total failure of the system.
  • a temperature sensor may be mounted in the relay housing or on one or all of the at least two contact fingers.
  • a responsible circuit can reduce the load current through the relay and send an error message to a control center.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is a method for operating an inverter with at least one of the described relay which can be arranged on a circuit board.
  • the inverter may have a control or regulation.
  • On the board of the inverter heat sink or printed circuit board surfaces can also be arranged.
  • the conductor track surfaces can also be used as a heat sink.
  • the relay can be soldered directly to tracks that are used for connection and / or as a heat sink. Alternatively, it can be used or attached to a mounting base for fastening and electrical contacting.
  • FIG. 1 shows a relay 10 in an oblique view.
  • the relay 10 has a first main contact 19 and a second main contact 20 which can be electrically connected in parallel via a mounting base 41 or via a circuit board.
  • Each of the main contacts 19, 20 is in each case electrically connected to a first soldering lug 21, 23 and a second soldering lug 22, 24.
  • the solder tails 21, 22, 23, 44 are arranged in the mounting base or carrier 41.
  • the main contacts can be electrically contacted from the outside.
  • the first Lötfahnen 21, 23 are each guided on a first contact fingers 29, 30 and contacted with these electrically.
  • first contact pieces 25, 27 of the first and second main contact 19, 20 are mounted. Opposite this are on a first and a second conductive support rail 33, 34 each have a second contact piece 26, 28 as a mating contact to the corresponding first contact pieces 25, 27 attached. The first contact pieces 25, 27 and the second contact pieces 26, 28 are pressed against each other with the main contact 19, 20 closed and make the electrical contact.
  • the support On the support is an actuator with a coil 40 and a movable armature, not shown, which is in operative connection with the first contact fingers 29, 30 and with the first contact pieces 25, 27 is a simultaneous movement of the contact fingers 29, 30 and the contact pieces 25th To allow 27.
  • the coil 40 is electrically contacted via a pair of coil terminals 11, 12.
  • the contact springs 29, 30 are displaced in the direction of the support rails 33, 34 via a bracket, not shown, of the coil, which is connected to the movable armature of the coil, and thus brought into abutment with the second contact pieces 26, 28.
  • the load circuit via the contact pieces 25, 26, 27, 28 is closed.
  • a cooling plate 50 for discharging the additionally generated waste heat in case of failure of one of the two main contacts 19, 20 is attached.
  • FIG. 2 shows a semi-mounted relay with a carrier 41 on its underside terminals, which are also called solder tails 21, 23, are arranged for the relay.
  • the two solder tails 21, 23 are electrically connected, each with a resilient metal strip 25, 27 which serves as a contact finger and can be connected in parallel on the connection side 21, 23.
  • a respective first contact piece 25, 27 of a contact pair attached.
  • An unillustrated actuator acts on the contact fingers 29, 30 to move the contact fingers 29, 30 respectively in the direction of a complementary second contact (not shown) of the corresponding contact pair and / or to open the contact pairs.
  • the second contacts, not shown, of the contact pairs may also be connected in parallel, i. e.g. be arranged on a common metallic support (not shown).
  • the two contact fingers 29, 30 preferably thermally conductively connected to each other, for example by a thermal bridge 31 (see. Figures 3 - 6 ) of a thermally highly conductive material, such as copper or aluminum.
  • a thermal bridge 31 see. Figures 3 - 6
  • the thermally conductive bridge 31 of the contact fingers acts 29, 90 of the defective current path as a heat sink 50 for the elements of the intact current path, whereby the heat can be dissipated controlled.
  • FIG. 3 shows a first contact finger 29 with a contact piece 25, which is connected via a heat sink, which serves as a thermal bridge 31, with a second contact finger 30.
  • the thermal bridge 31 has a cross-sectional area A and a length I, measured here between the first contact pieces 25, 27.
  • the cross in the cross-sectional area A symbolizes the back of an arrow and shows the heat flow direction in the event of failure from the warmer contact finger 29 to the colder contact finger 30th
  • the first main contact 19 in particular heats the first contact piece 25, 26 in addition and the heat flows in the direction of the first pair of contact pieces 27, 28 via the heat sink 50 or the thermally conductive bridge 31 from.
  • the second contact spring 30 of the second main contact 20 acts here as a heat sink due to the thermally conductive bridge.
  • the thermally conductive bridge may optionally be provided with cooling fins.
  • FIG. 3a shows an alternative embodiment with the features of FIG. 3
  • the thermal bridge 31 is different from the one in FIG. 3 shown embodiment on the side of the first contact pieces 25, 27 attached. This embodiment leads to an additional reduction of the thermal contact resistance between the two first contact fingers 29, 30 and thus to a faster heat dissipation in case of failure of a main contact 19, 20.
  • the cooling fins 50 are optional.
  • the thermal bridge 31 is a metallic strand which thermally connects the two contact fingers 29, 30 together.
  • the thermal bridge 31 can, for example, be soldered and / or riveted to the contact fingers 29, 30 and / or the contact pieces 25, 27.
  • the strand is preferably at the height of the contact pieces 25, 27 attached to the contact fingers 29, 30 or directly to the contact pieces 25, 27.
  • the thermal bridge 31 has several thermally conductive connections between the contact fingers 29, 30, which are made of thermally conductive strips 31, for example of a metal sheet.
  • the thermally conductive strips 31 are soldered, welded or riveted to the contact fingers 29, 30.
  • the strips 31 and the contact fingers 29, 30 can be made in one piece, for example punched out of a sheet metal.
  • openings 35 may be punched in the upper part of the contact fingers 29, 30 in order to improve the cooling.
  • the two contact fingers 29, 30 made in one piece with the thermal bridge 31, for example, cut out of a sheet or punched. Also in this example, the thermal bridge 31 at the height of the contact pieces 25, 27 between the contact fingers 29, 30 which are also called contact fingers arranged.
  • the thermal bridge 31 is also electrically conductive, because the current can then be divided by the thermal bridge 31 back to the two contact fingers 29, 30, whereby the heat generation is reduced overall (applies to all embodiments ).
  • a purely thermal connection of the contact fingers 29, 30 would suffice, i. the connection could well be electrically insulating (applies to all embodiments).
  • the term metal strip has been used as a synonym for "electrical conductor".
  • the metal strips which are also called contact fingers 29, 30, have both a mechanical and an electrical function. These functions can also be separated.
  • the invention can be summarized as at least thermally conductive connection between at least two parallel current paths, for example in a relay, whereby the resulting in case of failure of one of the current paths in the still functioning current path heat is dissipated via the failed current path.
  • the components of the failed current path act as or are the heat sink of the still intact current path.
  • the thermal bridge also acts as a heat sink.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé pour commuter un courant de charge avec un relais (10) muni d'un moins deux contacts principaux (19, 20) montés électriquement en parallèle, qui présentent chacun au moins une première languette de contact (29, 30) mobile avec un premier contact (25, 27), qui :
    - peut être amené chacun contre un deuxième contact (26, 28) complémentaire du contact principal correspondant (19, 20) pour fermer le contact principal (19, 20), un courant de charge étant réparti sur les au moins deux contacts principaux (19, 20) et tout le courant de charge étant conduit, en cas de défaillance d'un contact principal (19, 20), par l'au moins un contact principal (19, 20) restant,
    - est éloigné du deuxième contact (26, 28) correspondant pour ouvrir le contact principal (19, 20),
    caractérisé en ce qu'en cas de défaillance d'un contact principal (19, 20), une partie au moins de la puissance dissipée sous forme de chaleur au niveau d'au moins un des contacts principaux (19, 20) restants est évacuée par au moins un radiateur (50) au niveau du contact principal (19, 20) défaillant relié de façon conductrice thermique au contact principal (19,20) restant, de sorte que le contact principal (19, 20) défaillant est utilisé comme radiateur pour l'au moins un des contacts principaux (19, 20) restants.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les deux contacts principaux (19, 20) sont reliés entre eux par un pont thermique (31).
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que le courant de charge est réduit et/ou un message d'erreur est émis tant que la différence de température entre les deux contacts principaux (19, 20) est supérieure à une limite de différence.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le courant de charge est réduit et/ou un message d'erreur est émis tant que la température d'au moins un des deux contacts principaux (19, 20) est supérieure à une valeur limite.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le courant de charge est réduit et/ou un message d'erreur est émis dès que la baisse de tension sur l'une des languettes de contact (29, 30) est supérieure à la limite.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le courant de charge est réduit et/ou un message d'erreur est émis quand la différence des intensités de courant passant par les languettes de contact (29, 30) est supérieure à une valeur limite.
  7. Relais (10) pour commuter un circuit de courant de charge, avec
    - au moins deux contacts principaux (19, 20) montés en parallèle, qui présentent chacun une première languette de contact (29, 30) mobile portant chacune au moins un premier contact (25, 27) disposé en face d'au moins un deuxième contact (26, 28) complémentaire et
    - au moins un actionneur (40) en liaison active avec les premiers contacts (25, 27) pour amener ceux-ci contre le deuxième contact (26, 28) complémentaire pour fermer le circuit de courant de charge,
    les contacts principaux (19, 20) étant conformés de telle sorte qu'en cas de défaillance d'un contact principal (19, 20), tout le courant de charge est conduit par l'au moins un contact principal (19, 20) restant,
    caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux des premières languettes de contact (29, 30) des au moins deux contacts principaux (19, 20) sont reliées de façon conductrice thermique par au moins un radiateur (50), l'au moins un radiateur (50) étant conformé pour, en cas de défaillance de l'un de ces contacts principaux (19, 20), évacuer au moins une partie de la puissance dissipée au niveau de l'au moins un des contacts principaux (19, 20) restants sous forme de chaleur au niveau du contact principal (19, 20) défaillant, de sorte que le contact principal (19, 20) défaillant sert de radiateur pour l'au moins un des contacts principaux (19, 20) restants.
  8. Relais (10) selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la liaison conductrice thermique est un pont thermique (31) qui relie entre elles les deux premières languettes de contact (29, 30).
  9. Relais (10) selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que le radiateur (31, 50) relie les deux premières languettes de contact (29, 30) et/ou les deux premiers contacts (25, 27).
  10. Relais (10) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la liaison conductrice thermique (31) relie directement les deux premiers contacts (25, 27).
  11. Relais (10) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la liaison conductrice thermique (31) relie les deux premières languettes de contact (29, 30) entre elles à la hauteur des deux premiers contacts (25, 27).
  12. Relais (10) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les premières languettes de contact (29, 30) portent chacune une bande métallique dont la première extrémité est fixée à un support (41) et dont la deuxième extrémité est mobile par rapport à la première extrémité et porte l'au moins un premier contact (25, 27).
  13. Relais (10) selon l'une des revendications 7 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la section A de la liaison conductrice thermique satisfait la relation suivante : A ≥ P v l Δ T λ ′ ,
    Figure imgb0007
     où Pv est la puissance dissipée par un contact principal (19, 20) à son intensité nominale, l est la longueur de la liaison conductrice thermique entre les au moins deux contacts principaux (19, 20), λ est la conductibilité thermique spécifique de la liaison conductrice thermique et ΔT est la différence de température maximale autorisée entre le début et la fin de la liaison conductrice thermique (31).
EP15791313.8A 2014-11-10 2015-11-10 Relais présentant deux trajets de courant montés en parallèle Not-in-force EP3123490B9 (fr)

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US20170250045A1 (en) 2017-08-31
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CN107210145A (zh) 2017-09-26

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