EP3117724B1 - Cellulose acetate tow band for use in cigarette filters and cigarette filter - Google Patents

Cellulose acetate tow band for use in cigarette filters and cigarette filter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3117724B1
EP3117724B1 EP14885125.6A EP14885125A EP3117724B1 EP 3117724 B1 EP3117724 B1 EP 3117724B1 EP 14885125 A EP14885125 A EP 14885125A EP 3117724 B1 EP3117724 B1 EP 3117724B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tow band
filament
denier
spinning
cross
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EP14885125.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3117724A4 (en
EP3117724A1 (en
Inventor
Akiko SHIBAGAKI
Hiroki Karakane
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Daicel Corp
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Daicel Corp
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Priority to PL14885125T priority Critical patent/PL3117724T3/pl
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Publication of EP3117724A4 publication Critical patent/EP3117724A4/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0204—Preliminary operations before the filter rod forming process, e.g. crimping, blooming
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0229—Filter rod forming processes
    • A24D3/0237—Filter rod forming processes by extrusion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/062—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features
    • A24D3/063—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features of the fibers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
    • A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cellulose acetate tow band and a cigarette filer manufactured from the tow band.
  • a cellulose acetate tow band is well known as a material of a cigarette filter.
  • cellulose acetate is dissolved in an organic solvent and thereby a spinning dope is prepared.
  • a spinning machine includes a plurality of spinning cabinets. Each spinning cabinet has a spinneret having a large number of spinning holes. Each spinning cabinet extrudes the spinning dope from the large number of spinning holes, and thereby a large number of filaments are formed. The large number of filaments are collected together to form a yarn.
  • the tow band is manufactured by bundling the yarns from all the spinning cabinets together and crimping those yarns. In manufacturing a cigarette filter, a filter rod is manufactured from such a tow band.
  • the filter rod is manufactured in the following manner: open or "bloom" the tow band; add a plasticizer such as triacetin to the tow band, which has been opened; form the tow band into a cylindrical shape; and rolling the cylindrical tow band in rolling paper.
  • the cigarette filter is manufactured by cutting the filter rod to a predetermined length.
  • the term “filament” refers to a single fiber (monofilament) pushed out of one spinning hole.
  • the term “yarn” refers to one fiber bundle (a mass of monofilaments) that is obtained by bundling a large number of filaments formed by one spinning cabinet together.
  • the term “tow band” refers to a fiber bundle that is obtained by bundling together all the yarns, the number of which is the same as the number of spinning cabinets, i.e., a fiber bundle obtained by bundling all the filaments formed by the spinning machine together.
  • the term tow band in the narrow sense, refers to a mass of a large number of crimped filaments.
  • the fiber bundle or mass thus defined may be occasionally referred to not as a “tow band” but as a "filter tow” or simply a "tow”.
  • filament denier indicates the fineness of a filament in terms of a mass (g) per unit length (9000 m).
  • the term “filament denier” may be abbreviated as "FD”. That is, the FD of a tow band indicates the fineness of each filament forming the tow band.
  • the term “total denier” indicates the fineness of a tow band in terms of a mass (g) per unit length (9000 m).
  • total denier may be abbreviated as "TD”.
  • packing amount refers to the net weight of a tow band packed in one filter rod.
  • Patent Literature 1 discloses: forming an H-shaped filament by use of a spinneret with a rectangular orifice; and using a bundle of the H-shaped filaments in a cigarette filter or the like.
  • Patent Literature 2 discloses a slim-rolled cigarette.
  • the cigarette includes: a filter including a filter member and rolling paper rolled around the filter member; and tipping paper adhered to a cigarette rod and the filter in a manner to connect the cigarette rod and the filter.
  • Through-holes are formed in a manner to extend through the tipping paper and the rolling paper such that air is allowed to flow in during smoking.
  • the filter member includes a tow, and the tow has a FD more than 8.0 denier and a TD less than 15000 denier. These settings, together with the through-holes, are intended to reduce the pressure drop. Moreover, it is presumed that the pressure drop is reduced by reducing the packing amount.
  • Patent literature 3 discloses cellulose acetate tow bands with a high denier per filament and a low total denier which may be used for producing a smoking device filter.
  • the pressure drop can be reduced by reducing the packing amount.
  • the hardness of the cigarette filter is also reduced.
  • the cigarette filter tends to be easily deformed during the smoking. Consequently, it becomes less easy for the smoker to smoke the cigarette.
  • the amount of air flowing in through the through-holes increases, while the amount of air flowing in through the cigarette tip decreases instead. This causes a decrease in the amount of tar generated from the smoking.
  • the TD is set to be low in order to provide a volume suitable for a super slim type
  • the FD is set to be high in order to reduce the pressure drop, which increases when the cigarette is made slim.
  • the number of filaments forming the tow decreases inevitably.
  • the TD is low and the number of filaments is small, it is difficult to evenly crimp the tow in its length direction and width direction, and thus it is difficult to stabilize the quality of the tow. If the crimping is not made constant, the pressure drop of the cigarette filter varies. As a result, it is difficult to stabilize the quality of the cigarette filter.
  • an objective of the present invention is to provide: a cigarette filter capable of reducing its pressure drop and a variation in the pressure drop while keeping its hardness; a cellulose acetate tow band that produces such a functional advantage when used as a cigarette filter; and an apparatus for and a method of manufacturing the tow band.
  • a cellulose acetate tow band for use in a cigarette filter according to one aspect of the present invention is a tow band in which a plurality of filaments extruded from a plurality of respective spinning holes are bundled together and crimped.
  • a filament denier is not less than 5.0 denier
  • a Feret area of each of the filaments is not less than 0.5.
  • the "Feret area” is an index that can be utilized for evaluating deformation of a filament cross section.
  • the Feret area is derived in a manner described below.
  • a filament is cut at any point perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the filament to obtain a cross section.
  • An imaginary parallelogram circumscribing the cross section is assumed (see FIG. 5 ).
  • the imaginary parallelogram is formed by two pairs of opposite sides.
  • One pair of opposite sides is formed by two parallel lines that circumscribe the cross section, and the inter-line distance between these two lines has a maximum inter-line distance value (i.e., maximum Feret diameter).
  • the other pair of opposite sides is formed by the other two parallel lines that circumscribe the cross section, and the inter-line distance between these two lines has a minimum inter-line distance value (i.e., minimum Feret diameter).
  • the Feret area is an area ratio calculated by dividing the cross-sectional area of the filament by the area of the imaginary parallelogram, i.e., the occupancy ratio of the cross section of the filament to the imaginary parallelogram.
  • the longitudinal direction of the filaments is substantially perpendicular to the flow of the mainstream smoke of the cigarette (see FIG. 6 ).
  • the mainstream smoke is blocked by the filaments thus arranged, and droplets contained in the mainstream smoke collide with and are captured by the filaments.
  • the blocking capacity of each filament can be considered to be substantially the same as the blocking capacity of an imaginary filament whose cross-sectional shape is the imaginary parallelogram that is assumed for deriving the Feret area. That is, if the Feret area is small, it means that the blocking capacity of the filament relative to its cross-sectional area is high.
  • the cross-sectional area of the filament indicates a positive correlation with the mass of the tow band (tow packing weight). Therefore, if the Feret area is small, it means that the mainstream smoke can be largely blocked by a small tow band mass.
  • the imaginary parallelogram is a square, and the length of each side of the square is equal to the diameter of the perfect circle cross section. Accordingly, the Feret area is ⁇ r 2 /4r 2 , i.e., about 0.785 (r is the radius of the perfect circle cross section).
  • a filament has been considered to be an inefficient material whose capturing capacity is insufficient considering the mass, and attempts have been made to reduce the Feret area as much as possible.
  • One of these attempts was to deform the cross section, and as described above, a deformed spinning hole and a deformed cross section have been preferred.
  • the Feret area of the filament is less than 0.5 because the Y-shaped cross section corresponds to a shape that is obtained by partially deforming a triangle in a contracting manner.
  • the Feret area becomes small when the degree of deformation of the cross section becomes significantly high.
  • the inventors of the present invention conducted the development of a cellulose acetate tow band for use in a cigarette filter.
  • the inventors arrived at an idea that is in the opposite direction to the conventional development idea.
  • the idea the inventors arrived at was as follows: if the tow band is formed by filaments with a relatively large Feret area, the tow band is capable of reducing the blocking capacity compared to a conventional tow band formed by filaments with a deformed cross section even if both the tow bands are under the same mass condition; and owing to the reduced blocking capacity, the pressure drop can also be reduced.
  • the pressure drop can be reduced since the filament denier is not less than 5.0 denier, which is relatively high.
  • the Feret area of each filament is not less than 0.5, and is larger than the Feret area of a conventional generally-used filament having a Y-shaped or H-shaped cross section. Accordingly, the degree of deformation of each filament is reduced compared to such conventional generally-used filaments. Therefore, when the tow band is actually used as a cigarette filter, the pressure drop can be reduced relative to the mass (i.e., even if the tow packing weight is increased). Moreover, when the tow band is used as a cigarette filter, air smoothly flows along the outer surface of each filament inside the cigarette filter, and thereby the pressure drop is reduced. Since the pressure drop is reduced, the number of filaments can be kept large.
  • the pressure drop is reduced. Therefore, it is not necessary to reduce the packing amount, and thereby the hardness of the cigarette filter can be kept high. In addition, it is not particularly necessary to reduce the total denier. Therefore, the number of filaments forming the tow band need not be reduced, which makes a stable crimping process of the tow band possible. This makes it possible to improve the quality and productivity of the tow band.
  • a cigarette filter is manufactured by using such a tow band as a material of the cigarette filer, the pressure drop and a variation in the pressure drop can be reduced while keeping the hardness high.
  • the filament denier may be not more than 10 denier.
  • the Feret area may be not more than 0.9.
  • a total denier may be not less than 14,000 denier.
  • the total denier may be not more than 22,000 denier.
  • the total denier is in the range of 15,000 to 21,000 denier. More preferably, the total denier is in the range of 15,000 to 20,000 denier.
  • a cellulose acetate tow band for use in a cigarette filter according to another aspect of the present invention is a tow band in which a plurality of filaments extruded from a plurality of respective spinning holes are bundled together and crimped.
  • a filament denier is not less than 5.0 denier.
  • a ratio S/L (expressed in micrometers) of the area to the peripheral length is not less than 5.
  • the "ratio S/L” is also an index that is utilized for evaluating deformation of a filament cross section. If the droplets contained in the mainstream smoke are perceived as aerosol, it can be considered that the surface of the filament captures the droplets. In this case, the less the ratio S/L, the higher the capturing capacity relative to the cross-sectional area of the filament, i.e., relative to the tow packing weight. The ratio S/L is reduced if the cross section of the filament is deformed significantly.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found out that the ratio S/L can be controlled to be in a suitable range by setting the filament denier to be in a particular range.
  • the pressure drop can be reduced since the filament denier is not less than 5.0 denier, which is relatively high. Since the filament denier is in such a range, the ratio S/L can be controlled to be in a suitable range, i.e., not less than 5. Since the ratio S/L is not less than 5, when the tow band is used as a cigarette filter, the pressure drop can be reduced relative to the tow packing weight. Accordingly, it is not necessary to reduce the packing amount, the total denier, and the number of filaments. Therefore, the productivity of the tow band can be increased. When a cigarette filter is manufactured from such a tow band, the pressure drop and a variation in the pressure drop can be reduced while keeping the hardness high.
  • the filament denier may be not more than 10 denier, and the ratio S/L may be not more than 9.
  • a cigarette filter according to yet another aspect of the present invention is manufactured from the above-described tow band.
  • the cigarette filter has a circumferential length of 14 to 18 mm.
  • the circumferential length is in the range of 14 to 17 mm. More preferably, the circumferential length is in the range of 14 to 15 mm. Accordingly, even if the cigarette filter is used for a slim cigarette, the pressure drop of the cigarette filter and a variation in the pressure drop can be reduced while keeping the hardness of the cigarette filter high.
  • a cigarette filter cellulose acetate tow band manufacturing apparatus is an apparatus for manufacturing a cellulose acetate tow band for use in a cigarette filter, in which a plurality of filaments extruded from a plurality of respective spinning holes are bundled together and crimped.
  • the apparatus includes a spinneret including the plurality of spinning holes.
  • Each spinning hole has a round shape, and a diameter of the spinning hole is not less than 50 ⁇ m.
  • a method of manufacturing a cellulose acetate tow band for use in a cigarette filter includes: forming a plurality of filaments by extruding a spinning dope through each of a plurality of spinning holes; and forming a tow band by bundling the plurality of filaments together and crimping the filaments.
  • Each spinning hole has a round shape, and a diameter of the spinning hole is not less than 50 ⁇ m.
  • each spinning hole has such a size, the filament denier and a degree of the change in the cross-sectional shape increase.
  • a filament with a filament denier of not less than 5.0 denier the filament having a relatively smooth cross-sectional shape with a Feret area of not less than 0.5 and/or a ratio S/L of not less than 5, can be formed.
  • Each spinning hole may have a round shape, and the diameter of the spinning hole may be not more than 100 ⁇ m. This makes it possible to form a filament whose filament denier is not more than 10 denier, whose Feret area is not more than 0.9, and/or whose ratio S/L is not more than 9.
  • the present invention makes it possible to provide: a cigarette filter capable of reducing its pressure drop and a variation in the pressure drop while keeping its hardness; a cellulose acetate tow band that provides such a functional advantage when used as a cigarette filter; and an apparatus for and a method of manufacturing the tow band.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an apparatus for and a method of manufacturing a cellulose acetate tow band TB for use in a cigarette filter according to the embodiment.
  • a tow band manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a mixer 2, a filter 3, a spinning machine 4, a crimper 5, a dryer 6, and a baler 7.
  • a spinning dope (which may hereinafter be simply referred to as a "dope") is prepared (dope preparation process).
  • cellulose acetate is dissolved in an organic solvent such as acetone in the mixer 2 to prepare a solution with a required concentration (e.g., a weight concentration of not less than 20 wt % and not more than 30 wt %, preferably 26 wt %). Then, the solution is filtered by the filter 3. The filtrate is used as a spinning dope.
  • a required concentration e.g., a weight concentration of not less than 20 wt % and not more than 30 wt %, preferably 26 wt %.
  • the cellulose acetate tow band TB is manufactured from the spinning dope by using the spinning machine 4, the crimper 5, and the dryer 6 (spinning process).
  • the tow band TB is compressed and baled by the baler 7 (baling process).
  • a cigarette filter is manufactured by using the tow band TB as a raw material although the manufacturing is not shown in detail in the drawings.
  • a filter rod is manufactured as an intermediate product. Specifically, the tow band TB is opened or bloomed, and a plasticizer such as triacetin is added thereto.
  • the tow band TB to which the plasticizer has been added is formed, by using a plug winding machine, into a filter rod having a cylindrical shape in conformity with an intended cigarette size (i.e., a diameter and a circumferential length), and rolling paper is wrapped around the filter rod.
  • the filter rod thus manufactured is cut to a predetermined length suitable for an intended cigarette. In this manner, a plurality of cigarette filters are manufactured from one filter rod.
  • the tow band TB according to the present embodiment is suitable as a material of a cigarette filter attached to a thin cigarette, such as a so-called slim type or super slim type cigarette.
  • the cigarette filter has a circumferential length of not less than 14 mm and not more than 18 mm (the circumferential length is preferably 14 to 17 mm, and more preferably, 14 to 15 mm or less).
  • the spinning machine 4 includes a plurality of spinning cabinets 11 and a plurality of spinnerets 12 corresponding to the respective spinning cabinets 11.
  • Each spinning cabinet 11 is a cylindrical body elongated in the vertical direction, and each spinneret 12 is provided at the upper end of a corresponding one of the spinning cabinets 11.
  • Each spinneret 12 includes a plurality of spinning holes 10 (see FIG. 2 ).
  • the spinning dope is fed into the plurality of spinnerets 12 by a spinning pump 13.
  • the spinning dope is extruded downward into each spinning cabinet 11 through the plurality of spinning holes of its spinneret 12, and a plurality of filaments F are formed from the spinning dope by a dry spinning method.
  • a single yarn Y is formed.
  • the yarn Y is discharged downward from the bottom of the spinning cabinet 11.
  • a plurality of yarns Y are discharged from the plurality of respective spinning cabinets 11.
  • Each yarn Y is supplied with an oil emulsion, containing textile oil and water, from an oiling device 14, passes around a godet roller 15, and is fed to the crimper 5.
  • the plurality of yarns Y are bundled together while being fed from the godet rollers 15 to the crimper 5, and thereby the tow band TB is formed.
  • the crimper 5 is of a known stuffing box type, for example.
  • the tow band TB is fed into a crimper box (stuffer box) while being pushed by a pushing roll. In this manner, wavy crimping is imparted to the tow band TB.
  • the crimped tow band TB (the tow band in the narrow sense) is fed from the crimper 5 to the dryer 6. In the dryer 6, the residual solvent and moisture are removed from the tow band TB.
  • the spinning dope after being extruded through a spinning hole, runs downward inside the spinning cabinet 11 until the spinning dope as a filament is discharged from the spinning cabinet 11.
  • the dope At a point when the dope starts running (i.e., at a point when the dope is extruded through the spinning hole), the dope is in a liquid phase.
  • the solvent evaporates from the dope, and thereby a filament is formed and the dope transforms from a liquid phase into a solid phase.
  • the solvent starts evaporating from the dope surface immediately after the dope starts running.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the filament is characterized by a relationship between an evaporation speed and a diffusion speed, the evaporation speed being a speed at which the solvent evaporates from the dope surface, the diffusion speed being a speed at which the solvent diffuses from the dope center to the dope surface.
  • the evaporation speed depends on, for example, the following factors: (1) the solvent retentivity of the cellulose acetate; (2) the vapor pressure of the solvent at an ambient temperature; (3) the degree of saturation of ambient gas by solvent vapor at each of running points; (4) the extrusion speed of the spinning dope; and (5) the area of the evaporation surface.
  • the diffusion speed accords with Fick's second law.
  • the speed of the diffusion from the dope center is slower than the speed of the evaporation from the dope surface.
  • the surface layer of the dope solidifies, and thereby a skin is formed.
  • the cross-sectional peripheral length of the filament is roughly determined.
  • the solvent at the dope center diffuses inside the formed skin and evaporates. Accordingly, after the skin is formed, the volume inside the skin (i.e., the cross-sectional area of the filament) decreases, and thereby the skin is deformed in the radial direction.
  • the cross section of the filament has a shape that is deformed from the shape of the spinning hole.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found the following facts. That is, in a case where the diameter of the spinning hole is small, a large part of the solvent at the dope center diffuses inside the skin and evaporates during the skin being formed. As a result, the cross-sectional shape of the filament does not greatly differ from the shape of the spinning hole. For example, if the spinning hole has a round shape, the cross section of the filament has a substantially round shape and its deformation is small. If the deformation of the cross section is small, it is difficult to obtain sufficient filtration performance. Conventionally, filtration performance has been assured, by adopting a deformed shape for the spinning hole and thereby adopting a deformed cross sectional shape of the filament such as a Y shape or H shape.
  • the factor (1) depends on the solvent to be used; the factor (2), i.e., the ambient temperature, depends on the drying temperature in the process; the factor (3) is determined by the flow rate of the drying air; and the factor (4) is determined by the production capacity such as the spinning speed.
  • the factor (5) if the diameter of the spinning hole is large, the cross section of the filament is large and the area of the evaporation surface is large. If the area of the evaporation surface is large, the evaporation speed increases and the cross section of the filament is deformed to a greater degree. In addition, if the diameter of the spinning hole is large, the volume of the solvent confined inside the skin is large. Also for this reason, the cross section of the filament is deformed to a greater degree.
  • the deformation of the cross section of the filament can be controlled to obtain certain filtration performance.
  • the diameter of the spinning hole is to be small
  • a suitable degree of deformation of the cross section of the filament can be caused without using a conventionally preferred Y-shaped or H-shaped deformed spinning hole cross section.
  • the pressure drop can be suitably controlled by a filament with such deformation and a specific FD.
  • FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the spinneret 12 according to the embodiment.
  • the plurality of spinning holes 10 are open at a bottom surface 12a of the spinneret 12, facing the inside of the spinning cabinet 11.
  • the bottom surface 12a may have a round shape, and the plurality of spinning holes 10 may be arranged in an annular manner on the bottom surface 12a.
  • the shape of the bottom surface 12a and the arrangement of the spinning holes 10 may be changed as necessary.
  • Each spinning hole 10 has a round shape, and the diameter thereof is not less than 50 ⁇ m and not more than 100 ⁇ m. More preferably, the diameter of the spinning hole 10 is not less than 50 ⁇ m and not more than 90 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section of the filament F according to the embodiment.
  • the cross section can be obtained by cutting the filament F perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the filament.
  • the FD of the filament F is not less than 5.0 denier and not more than 10 denier, and more preferably, not less than 5.5 denier and not more than 9.0 denier.
  • the FD of the tow band TB can be set within this numerical value range.
  • the deformation of the cross-sectional shape of the filament F extruded through the spinning hole 10 is controlled to be within a suitable range.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the filament F is not a perfect circle, the degree of its deformation is less than the degree of the deformation of a Y-shaped cross section or H-shaped cross section, and the cross-section of the filament F shows a shape approximate to a circle.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams each for explaining an index for evaluating deformation of a filament cross section.
  • FIG. 4A shows one example of the cross section of the filament F according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 4B shows, as a comparative example, one example of the cross section of a Y-shaped filament Fy that is formed by using a spinneret with a triangular or Y-shaped spinning hole.
  • the index is, for example, "Feret area” or "ratio S/L".
  • the "Feret area” is the ratio of an area S to an area SVP (S/SVP), where S is the area of the cross section of the filament F, and SVP is the area of an imaginary parallelogram VP circumscribing the cross section.
  • the imaginary parallelogram is formed by two pairs of opposite sides. One pair of opposite sides is formed by two parallel lines that circumscribe the cross section, and the inter-line distance between these two lines is the maximum Feret diameter. The other pair of opposite sides is formed by the other two parallel lines that circumscribe the cross section, and the inter-line distance between these two lines is the minimum Feret diameter.
  • the Feret area is value that does not depend on the orientation of the cross section around the normal line. If the cross section is a perfect circle, the Feret area is 0.785[-], and if the cross section is a triangle, the Feret area is 0.5[-] or less.
  • the cross section of the filament F is very small. However, by processing electronic image data captured by a microscope by using a known image processing technique or by performing manual calculation based on the captured image, the imaginary parallelogram VP circumscribing the cross section of the filament can be set, and the cross-sectional area S, the area SVP, and a cross-sectional peripheral length L can be measured.
  • a region obtained by eliminating an inscribed circle ICy from the cross section prominently protrudes outward from a plurality of (three) points on the circumference of the inscribed circle ICy, and these points are prominently away from each other in the circumferential direction.
  • an imaginary parallelogram VPy needs to be set such that the imaginary parallelogram VPy circumscribes this region. For this reason, the imaginary parallelogram VPy is away from the inscribed circle ICy in the radial direction, and the size of the imaginary parallelogram VPy is significantly greater than that of the inscribed circle ICy.
  • the region merely occupies a small part of a space that is obtained by eliminating the inscribed circle ICy from the imaginary parallelogram VPy. Accordingly, the Feret area of the Y-shaped filament according to the comparative example is a small value. Since the Y shape is a result of contracting the triangular shape of the spinning hole, the Feret area is less than 0.5. Moreover, the outer edge of the cross section is rugged to a great degree. Consequently, the cross-sectional peripheral length L is great relative to the cross-sectional area S, and the ratio S/L is a small value.
  • the filament F according to the present embodiment is formed by using a round spinning hole, and the outer edge of the cross section is rugged to a small degree.
  • a region obtained by eliminating an inscribed circle IC from the cross section is formed substantially fully circumferentially.
  • the amount of outward protrusion from the inscribed circle IC does not vary greatly when seen in the circumferential direction of the inscribed circle IC.
  • the imaginary parallelogram VP is close to the inscribed circle IC in the radial direction.
  • the Feret area is a relatively large value
  • the outer edge of the cross section protrudes and is recessed to a small degree
  • the ratio S/L is a large value.
  • the spinning hole 10 whose diameter is 40 ⁇ m or more is used, and the FD of the tow band TB is 5.0 denier or more, which is higher than a conventional general value. Since the FD is thus increased, when the tow band TB is used as a cigarette filter, the pressure drop can be reduced.
  • the round spinning hole 10 is used, and the Feret area of the filament F is not less than 0.5 and not more than 0.9.
  • the ratio S/L is not less than 5 and not more than 9. Since the deformation of the cross section of the filament is reduced, when the tow band TB is used as a cigarette filter, the pressure drop can be reduced even through the TD is high.
  • the deformation is prominent when the diameter of the spinning hole 10 is excessively large and the FD of the tow band TB is excessively high.
  • the FD of the tow band TB is excessively high, it is necessary to reduce the number of filaments forming the tow band TB in order to adjust the TD of the tow band TB.
  • the diameter of the spinning hole 10 is set to be 100 ⁇ m or less, and the FD of the tow band TB is set to be 10 denier or less. It is more preferable for the diameter of the spinning hole 10 to be not less than 50 ⁇ m and not more than 90 ⁇ m. It is also more preferable for the FD of the tow band TB to be not less than 15,000 denier and not more than 22,000 denier.
  • the Feret area can be made not less than 0.6 and not more than 0.8, and also, the ratio S/L can be made not less than 5.5 and not more than 8.0.
  • the present invention by restricting the FD within a certain value range to reduce the deformation, an increase in the pressure drop can be reduced.
  • the pressure drop increases to a relatively small degree. Accordingly, a variation in the pressure drop of the cigarette filter due to a variation in the packing amount of the cigarette filter can be reduced. This makes it possible to increase the packing amount of the cigarette filter and keep the hardness of the filter. Accordingly, a manufacturer of cigarette filters is allowed to manufacture the cigarette filters without having to change the manufacturing conditions in accordance with each cigarette type. This improves the productivity of the cigarette filters.
  • the TD of the tow band TB can be kept high.
  • the TD of the tow band TB can be set to be not less than 14,000 denier and not more than 22,000 denier.
  • the TD of the tow band TB can be set to be not less than 15,000 denier and not more than 21,000 denier. Even if the TD is kept high in this manner, the pressure drop can be reduced when the tow band TB is used as a cigarette filter.
  • the TD of the tow band TB is kept high, the volume of a tow T to be fed into the crimper 5 per unit time is also large.
  • the tow band TB according to the present embodiment is formed such that the FD satisfies the aforementioned numerical value range and such that the Feret area and/or the ratio S/L satisfies the aforementioned numerical value range(s).
  • This makes it possible to favorably reduce a variation in the pressure drop due to a variation in the packing weight.
  • a variation in the pressure drop of a cigarette filter (a plug) in which the tow band TB according to the present embodiment is used can be made not more than 4.0 %, preferably not more than 3.8 %, more preferably not more than 3.5 %, and yet more preferably not more than 3.2 %.
  • the pressure drop can be reduced while keeping the hardness of the cigarette filter without requiring strict production control, and the tow band TB can be manufactured with reduced variation in the TD and in the number of crimps.
  • the cigarette filter can be suitably adopted as a cigarette filter of a "slim type” cigarette and of a "super slim type” cigarette, which are on the market in recent years, or as a cigarette filter in which capsules are to be embedded.
  • the present invention is not limited to the working examples described below.
  • the Feret area, the ratio S/L, the pressure drop, variation values of the pressure drop, and the filter hardness were measured by a method described below.
  • a pencil-like filament sample was fabricated from a tow band according to a working example or a comparative example. Specifically, a fiber bundle was partially extracted from the tow band, and the extracted fiber bundle was wrapped by paraffin such that the fiber bundle was disposed at a position corresponding to the lead of a pencil.
  • the filament sample thus fabricated was sliced by a microtome to have a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and thereby a sample segment was obtained.
  • the sample segment was observed by an optical microscope ("BX-51" manufactured by Olympus Corporation), and an image captured from the observation was loaded into an image processor.
  • the image processor was used to: set an imaginary parallelogram VP circumscribing one filament cross section contained in the image; and measure the cross-sectional area of the filament and the area of the imaginary parallelogram VP.
  • the Feret area was calculated by dividing the cross-sectional area of the filament by the area of the imaginary parallelogram.
  • the above sample segment was observed by the above optical microscope.
  • An image captured from the observation was loaded into an image processor.
  • the image processor was used to measure the cross-sectional area and the peripheral length of one filament cross section contained in the image.
  • the ratio S/L was calculated by dividing the cross-sectional area by the peripheral length.
  • a filter rod sample was fabricated from a tow band according to a working example or a comparative example. Specifically, a tow band was bundled up by an existing manufacturing apparatus to have a predetermined diameter, and the tow band was fixed by rolling paper by means of a filter winding machine. In this manner, a filter rod sample with a predetermined length and a predetermined packing amount (net tow weight) was fabricated. Air with a temperature of 22 ⁇ 1 °C and a humidity of 60 ⁇ 10 % was passed through the filter rod sample at a flow rate of 17.5 cc per second. At the time, a pressure difference [mmWG] (millimeter water gauge) between the pressures at both ends of the filter was measured. It should be noted that, in all of the working and comparative examples, the filter rod sample has no through-hole extending through the rolling paper.
  • mmWG millimeter water gauge
  • d represents the diameter of the filter rod sample in the load-applied direction after the filter rod sample was deformed due to the applied load
  • d0 represents the diameter of the filter rod sample before being deformed. If there is no deformation, it means that the hardness is 100 %. The closer the hardness is to 100 %, the harder the filter rod sample is.
  • a tow band according to Working Example 1 was manufactured in the following manner. Specifically, cellulose diacetate with an average acetylation degree of 55.2 % was dissolved in acetone, and thereby a spinning dope with a concentration of about 25 mass % was prepared. The spinning dope with a temperature of 50 to 60 °C was fed to each spinneret. Each spinning hole had a round shape whose diameter was 71 ⁇ m. The spinning dope was extruded into the spinning cabinets through the respective spinnerets, and thereby filaments each with a FD of 8.6 denier were formed. Inside each spinning cabinet, heated air with a temperature of 120 to 150 °C was applied to the filament in order to evaporate acetone.
  • a tow band according to Working Example 2 was manufactured in the same manner as in Working Example 1 except the following point: in Working Example 2, filaments each with a FD of 6.0 denier were formed by using round spinning holes each with a diameter of 59 ⁇ m.
  • a tow band according to Comparative Example 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in Working Example 1 except the following point: in Comparative Example 1, filaments each with a FD of 2.0 denier were formed by using triangular spinning holes, each triangular spinning hole having sides, each of which was about 45 ⁇ m.
  • a tow band according to Comparative Example 2 was manufactured in the same manner as in Working Example 1 except the following point: in Comparative Example 2, filaments each with a FD of 3.0 denier were formed by using triangular spinning holes, each triangular spinning hole having sides, each of which was about 55 ⁇ m.
  • a tow band according to Comparative Example 3 was manufactured in the same manner as in Working Example 1 except the following point: in Comparative Example 3, filaments each with a FD of 6.0 denier were formed by using triangular spinning holes, each triangular spinning hole having sides, each of which was about 80 ⁇ m.
  • a tow band according to Comparative Example 4 was manufactured in the same manner as in Working Example 1 except the following point: in Comparative Example 4, filaments each with a FD of 7.0 denier were formed by using triangular spinning holes, each triangular spinning hole having sides, each of which was about 85 ⁇ m.
  • a tow band according to Comparative Example 5 was manufactured in the same manner as in Working Example 1 except the following point: in Comparative Example 5, filaments each with a FD of 8.6 denier were formed by using triangular spinning holes, each triangular spinning hole having sides, each of which was about 95 ⁇ m.
  • a tow band according to Comparative Example 6 was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 except the following point: in Comparative Example 6, the TD was 17,000.
  • a tow band according to Comparative Example 7 was manufactured in the same manner as in Working Example 1 except the following points: in Comparative Example 7, filaments each with a FD of 8.0 denier were formed by using triangular spinning holes, each triangular spinning hole having sides, each of which was about 95 ⁇ m; and the TD was 15000.
  • a filter rod sample with a tow packing weight of 0.33 g/rod was also fabricated.
  • a filter rod sample with a tow packing weight of 0.33 g/rod and a filter rod sample with a tow packing weight of 0.28 g/rod were also fabricated.
  • a filter rod sample with a tow packing weight of 0.33 g/rod, a filter rod sample with a tow packing weight of 0.28 g/rod, and a filter rod sample with a tow packing weight of 0.24 g/rod were also fabricated.
  • the TD needs to be reduced.
  • Comparative Example 7 8.0 Y 15000
  • the pressure drop is 530 mmWG. Accordingly, it is necessary to reduce the pressure drop by reducing the packing weight. If the packing weight is between 0.25 g and 0.28 g, a pressure drop of about 300 mmWG can be achieved.
  • Table 2 the hardness decreases in accordance with a decrease in the packing weight (Comparative Example 7).
  • the pressure drop can be reduced by about 30 % while keeping the packing weight. This makes it possible to reduce the possibility of the occurrence of a hardness problem, and reduce a variation in the pressure drop due to a packing weight variation occurring at the time of plug winding.
  • the present invention is useful when applied to a cellulose acetate tow band for use in a cigarette filter.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
EP14885125.6A 2014-03-13 2014-03-13 Cellulose acetate tow band for use in cigarette filters and cigarette filter Active EP3117724B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL14885125T PL3117724T3 (pl) 2014-03-13 2014-03-13 Acetylocelulozowa wstęga włókninowa do zastosowania w filtrach papierosowych oraz filtr papierosowy

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2014/001449 WO2015136573A1 (ja) 2014-03-13 2014-03-13 シガレットフィルター用のセルロースアセテートのトウバンド、シガレットフィルター、トウバンドの製造装置、及びトウバンドの製造方法

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EP3117724A1 EP3117724A1 (en) 2017-01-18
EP3117724A4 EP3117724A4 (en) 2018-01-17
EP3117724B1 true EP3117724B1 (en) 2019-05-08

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EP (1) EP3117724B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP5841671B1 (ko)
KR (1) KR101677002B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN106102486B (ko)
LT (1) LT3117724T (ko)
PL (1) PL3117724T3 (ko)
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US8967155B2 (en) 2011-11-03 2015-03-03 Celanese Acetate Llc Products of high denier per filament and low total denier tow bands
JP7109888B2 (ja) * 2016-06-02 2022-08-01 セラニーズ・インターナショナル・コーポレーション スピナレットを使用したセルロースアセテートトウを製造する方法
JP7149057B2 (ja) * 2017-07-11 2022-10-06 株式会社ダイセル セルロースアセテートトウバンド及びセルロースアセテートトウバンドの製造方法
US20190075842A1 (en) * 2017-09-08 2019-03-14 Philip Caenen High dpf cellulose acetate tow and process for making
JP2019070217A (ja) * 2017-10-11 2019-05-09 株式会社ダイセル 電子タバコチップ用のトウバンド及び電子タバコ用チップ
KR102006984B1 (ko) * 2017-11-17 2019-10-01 (주)서룡상사 전자담배용 궐련의 필터를 제조하기 위한 장치 및 제조 방법
EP3731663B1 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-09-14 Philip Morris Products S.A. Firm filter for aerosol-generating article
EA038543B1 (ru) * 2018-02-23 2021-09-13 Эситейт Интернэшнл Ллк Жгут из ацетата целлюлозы с высоким общим денье для полых фильтров и фильтров без оболочки
JP7217099B2 (ja) * 2018-07-12 2023-02-02 株式会社ダイセル セルロースアセテート繊維、セルロースアセテートトウバンド、及びセルロースアセテートトウバンドの製造方法
WO2020012633A1 (ja) 2018-07-13 2020-01-16 株式会社ダイセル 電子タバコチップ用のトウバンド、電子タバコ用チップ、及び電子タバコチップ用のトウバンドの製造方法
BR112021000644A2 (pt) 2018-08-14 2021-04-06 Daicel Corporation Fibra de acetato de celulose, fita de acetato de celulose, e método para produzir uma fita de acetato de celulose
SG11202100967WA (en) * 2018-10-25 2021-03-30 Daicel Corp Tow band for electronic cigarette tip, tip for electronic cigarette, method for manufacturing tow band for electronic cigarette tip, and method for manufacturing electronic cigarette tip
KR20200061098A (ko) * 2018-11-23 2020-06-02 주식회사 케이티앤지 에어로졸 생성장치용 궐련 및 그 궐련을 사용하는 에어로졸 생성장치
CN113329644B (zh) * 2019-01-24 2023-03-24 音诺艾迪有限公司 凝胶气溶胶形成基质盒、电加热吸烟制品、装置和系统
RU2693531C1 (ru) * 2019-03-06 2019-07-03 Сергей Николаевич Ким Способ изготовления фильтрующего штранга из ацетат-целлюлозного волокна
DE102019135114A1 (de) 2019-12-19 2021-06-24 Cerdia International GmbH Filter- und/oder füllmaterial für mundstücke zur verwendung mit rauchwaren oder hnb-produkten, mundstücke und zigarettenfilter mit einem solchen filter- und/oder füllmaterial sowie verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen filter- und/oder füllmaterials

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Publication number Publication date
EP3117724A4 (en) 2018-01-17
RU2609674C1 (ru) 2017-02-02
PL3117724T3 (pl) 2019-10-31
JP5841671B1 (ja) 2016-01-13
CN106102486A (zh) 2016-11-09
JPWO2015136573A1 (ja) 2017-04-06
US20170006912A1 (en) 2017-01-12
EP3117724A1 (en) 2017-01-18
KR20160007689A (ko) 2016-01-20
WO2015136573A1 (ja) 2015-09-17
LT3117724T (lt) 2019-06-10
CN106102486B (zh) 2018-05-22
KR101677002B1 (ko) 2016-11-16

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