EP3114759A1

EP3114759A1 - Electric generator having permanent magnets and fitted with a magnetic flux collector

Info

Publication number: EP3114759A1
Application number: EP15711065.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jean Baptiste Drevet
Original assignee: Eel Energy
Current assignee: Eel Energy
Priority date: 2014-03-05
Filing date: 2015-03-05
Publication date: 2017-01-11
Also published as: JP2017509302A; ZA201606390B; FR3018405A1; CN106688169A; FR3018405B1; WO2015132352A1; US20170077793A1; CA2941630A1

Abstract

Alternator (1) comprising an induction part (2) and an armature part (3) which can move with respect to one another: - the induction part (2) comprises first and second series of magnets (5a, 5b) disposed in such a way as to form an alternation of magnets of first series and second series of magnets; - the armature part (3) comprising a core (9) and a coil (11) surrounding said core (9). The armature part (3) has a first collector (10) comprising teeth (10a) spaced apart in such a way that, during the relative displacement of the armature part (3) with respect to the induction part (2) according to said direction of displacement (4), the alternator (1) alternately adopts distinct first and second configurations in the first configuration, the teeth (10a) of the first collector (10) are opposite magnets (6) belonging to the first series of magnets (5a), and in the second configuration these teeth (10a) being opposite magnets belonging exclusively to the second series of magnets (5b).

Description

Permanent magnet electric generator with magnetic flux collector

The invention relates to the field of alternators for producing an electric voltage in a coil of an induced part.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

More precisely, the invention relates to an alternator comprising an induction part and an induced part that are movable relative to each other in at least one direction of movement. The induction part comprises first and second series of magnets, each of the magnets of these series of magnets comprising a north pole and a south pole, the magnets of the first series of magnets having their north poles oriented according to the same first direction of orientation, the magnets of the second series of magnets having their north poles oriented along the same second direction of opposite orientation with respect to said first direction of orientation, the magnets of the first and second series of magnets being arranged in order to form an alternation of magnets of the first series of magnets and magnets of the second series of magnets. The induced portion has a core and a coil surrounding this core.

It has been found that at low speed of relative displacement between the induction and induced parts, the electric voltage generated in the coil is low and it would be useful to increase this voltage.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention is to provide an alternator which is particularly suitable for generating electrical voltages when the relative speed of displacement between induction and induced parts is low.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the realization of this object, the invention mainly relates to an alternator comprising an induction part and an induced part that are movable relative to each other in at least one direction of movement;

the induction part comprising first and second series of magnets, each of the magnets of these series of magnets comprising a north pole N and a south pole S, the magnets of the first series of magnets having their north poles N Oriented according to the same first direction of orientation, the magnets of the second series of magnets having their north poles N oriented in a same second direction of opposite orientation with respect to said first direction of orientation, the magnets of the first and second series magnets being arranged to form an alternation of magnets of the first series of magnets and magnets of the second series of magnets;

the induced part comprising a core and a coil surrounding said core.

The alternator according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the induced portion has a first collector extending from the core between a plane in which extends a first polar face of the coil and some at least magnets of the first and second series of magnets, the first collector comprising teeth spaced apart so that during the relative displacement of the induced portion relative to the induction part according to the said at least one direction of movement, the alternator alternately adopts first and second and second configurations distinct from each other, in the first configuration, the teeth of the first collector being respectively vis-à-vis magnets belonging exclusively to the first set of magnets and in the second configuration, these teeth of the first collector being respectively vis-à-vis magnets belonging to exclusively to the second series of magnets.

For the understanding of the invention, said orientation direction of a north pole of a magnet is determined by a vector (oriented axis) passing through the north and south poles of the magnet and whose direction goes from the south pole to the North Pole.

For the understanding of the invention, the expression an alternation of magnets of the first series of magnets and magnet of the second series of magnets means that there is a succession of magnets of the first and second series of magnets and that on this succession of magnets:

- Each magnet of a majority of the magnets of the first series of magnets is interposed between two adjacent magnets of the second series of magnets; and

- Each magnet of a majority of the magnets of the second series of magnets is interposed between two magnets adjacent to the first series of magnets.

In other words, the alternation of magnets is a repetition of a main pattern consisting of a magnet of the first series of magnets disposed next to a magnet of the second series of magnets.

In the first configuration, as the teeth of the first collector are respectively vis-à-vis magnets belonging exclusively to the first set of magnets, these teeth of the first collector are then spaced apart from the magnets of the second series of magnets, and therefore not vis-à-vis the magnets of the second series of magnets.

Likewise, in the second configuration, since the teeth of the first collector are respectively opposite magnets belonging exclusively to the second series of magnets, these teeth of the first collector are then separated from the magnets of the first series of magnets. 'magnets and therefore not vis-à-vis the magnets of the first series of magnets.

The alternator according to the invention operates as follows:

when the alternator is in first configuration, the teeth of the first collector are then exclusively opposite magnets of the first series of magnets and are then removed from the magnets of the second series of magnets (in first configuration, the average distance between the teeth of the first collector and the magnets of the first series of magnets is less than the average distance between these teeth and the magnets of the second series of magnets), in this first configuration the magnetic flux of the magnets of the first series magnets in front of teeth of the first collector are collected by these teeth to pass through the core and form a main magnetic flux having a first orientation;

when the alternator is in the second configuration, the teeth of the first collector are then exclusively opposite magnets of the second series of magnets and are spaced apart from the magnets of the first series of magnets (in second configuration, the average distance between the teeth of the second collector and the magnets of the second series of magnets is smaller than the average distance between these teeth and the magnets of the first series of magnets), in this second configuration the magnetic flux of the magnets of the second series of magnets Teeth-facing magnets of the first collector are collected by these teeth to pass through the core and form a main magnetic flux having a second orientation which is opposite to said first orientation.

Therefore, when we move the induction part relative to the induced part or vice versa, the alternator passes alternately between its first and second configurations which causes a variation of intensity and orientation direction of the magnetic flux in the core of the induced part. Thus, for significant speeds of relative displacement between the induced and induction parts, it can be seen that the alternation of the configuration of the alternator causes the appearance of an alternating voltage across the coil. This electric voltage across the coil depends on the amount of magnetic flux and the speed of the variation of this magnetic flux in the core. Thanks to the collector of the alternator according to the invention which comprises several pole teeth, the quantity of flux passing through the core is increased and for a given speed of relative displacement between induced and induction parts, the speed of variation of this flow.

The fact that the teeth of the first manifold are spaced apart so as to be placed between the coil and the alternation of magnets and exclusively opposite the magnets of the first series of magnets (when the alternator is in first configuration) or exclusively opposite the magnets of the second series of magnets (when the alternator is in the second configuration) makes it possible to collect several magnetic fluxes of the magnets of the same series of magnets to route them to the same core inside the electric coil. It is not necessary to have as many coils as teeth which is important to limit the length of coil wire and thus limit the electrical resistance of the coils. At low speed of movement between induced and induction parts, the voltage across the coil is low. By limiting the resistance of the coil, it promotes the passage of the current so that the alternator is better suited to low speeds because it limits the losses by effect Joule and thus increases the yield. By relative movement speed between induction and induced parts is low, means a movement speed generating less than 10 alternations between first and second configurations per minute.

As the magnetic flux passing inside the coil is greater than the magnetic flux individually induced by each magnet of the same series of magnets. The alternator according to the invention also makes it possible to obtain a quantity of magnetic flux greater than the quantity of flux individually produced by any one of the magnets.

Moreover, since the flux comes from several magnets and is collected via several teeth of the collector, the alternator according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the polar pitch between two successive magnets of the same series of magnets while amplifying the flux. magnetic through the core through the collection of flows of several magnets.

Thanks to the collector, it is not necessary to have one coil per tooth, but we can have a single coil surrounding a single core. Compared to the case where there would be one coil per tooth, the invention allows a reduction in the number of coils needed and therefore a reduction in the length of electrical conductor required for the coil production of the alternator.

It is noted that for a given speed of displacement of the induced part relative to the induction part, the frequency of the electric voltage FEM (Electromotive force) across the coil depends on the number of alternations between magnets of the first and second series, that is to say the number of alternations between first and second configurations. This electrical voltage, FEM Electromotive Force, is expressed according to the law :

FEM = N * d0 / dt;

where N is the number of turns of the coil and 30 / 3t is the variation of magnetic flux in the nucleus in time t.

Moreover, the frequency f of magnetic flux variation across the coil for a constant speed displacement of the induction part with respect to the induced part is determined by the formula:

f = / P; or

^ is the frequency of variation of the flux; ^ is the speed of the relative displacement between the induction part and the induced part; and

P is the polar pitch, that is to say the distance between two polar axes of successive magnets of the same series of magnets (a polar axis is the axis of symmetry of the magnet along which are the north and south poles of the magnet, this polar axis passing through the north and south poles of the magnet).

Since the use of the collector makes it possible to reduce the polar pitch p associated with an increase in the magnetic flux collected, it can be seen that for a constant speed of displacement of the induced part relative to the induction part, the invention makes it possible to to increase this frequency without being obliged to reduce the amplitude of variation of magnetic flux in the nucleus. This advantage is found with collectors having a number of teeth between two and an optimum number of teeth from which flow leakage resulting from an increase in the number of teeth would degrade the performance of the alternator. This optimum number depends on the materials and shapes chosen to achieve the alternator. Thus, at a constant speed of displacement, the invention makes it possible to increase the frequency f of variation of the electrical voltage coil terminals and an increase in the amplitude of this voltage.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the core is disposed within the coil, the first manifold extends outside the coil, a central portion of the first manifold being located between the core and some magnets of the first and second series of magnets and two lateral portions of the first collector respectively being disposed on either side of the central portion of the first collector, these lateral portions being opposite the first polar face of the first collector; the coil, between this coil and magnets of the first and second series of magnets, each central or lateral portion of the first collector carrying at least one of the teeth of this first collector.

Thanks to the lateral portions of the first collector, the collector surface facing the magnets of the same series of magnets is increased, which makes it possible to increase the magnetic flux collected and transferred to the core. . The lateral portions of the collector are respectively placed on either side of the central portion of the first collector and extend outside the coil so that when the alternator is in its first configuration:

at least one tooth belonging to a lateral portion of the first collector extends longitudinally between the first polar face of the coil and one of the magnets of the first series of magnets; and

at least one tooth belonging to the other lateral portion of the first collector extends longitudinally between the first polar face of the coil and another of the magnets of the first series of magnets.

The teeth of the lateral portions of the first are such that when the alternator is in any of its first or second configurations, each tooth of a lateral portion of the first collector has a greater portion of its depth P2 which extends between one of the magnets and the coil.

The teeth of the lateral portions of the first collector make it possible to collect magnetic fluxes in front of and behind the central portion of the first collector as it moves along its at least one direction of movement.

This characteristic of the invention makes it possible to collect a magnetic flux in front of and behind the central portion of the first collector and to drive these flows towards the central portion of the collector and then towards the core inside the coil. To increase the collected magnetic flux, it is not necessary to increase the size of the coil, only the length of the collector is increased by these lateral portions which have teeth.

In one embodiment of the invention, the coil comprises a second polar face, the first and second pole faces of the coil being located on either side of the coil, the alternator further comprising a second collector extending around the coil, from a side of the core located on the side of this second pole face of the coil, a portion of the second collector having teeth spaced apart from each other so that when the alternator is in one of said first or second configurations the teeth of the second collector are then respectively vis-à-vis magnets belonging exclusively to one of said series of magnets. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the teeth of the first and second collectors are shaped so that when the teeth of the first collector are exclusively vis-à-vis the north poles magnets then the teeth of the second collector are exclusively vis-à-vis the south poles magnets and vice versa.

In other words when the teeth of the first collector are exclusively opposite north poles then the teeth of the second collector are exclusively facing south poles and vice versa and when the teeth of the first collector are exclusively vis-à-vis -vis south poles then the teeth of the second collector are exclusively vis-à-vis the north poles.

By these characteristics, the first and second collectors form a magnetic loop allowing a circulation of flux between several north poles of magnets and several south poles of magnets, the flux of these magnets being collected by the teeth of the first and second collectors and being driven. through these collectors to the core of the coil.

Ideally, the teeth of the second collector extend between the first polar face and one side of the alternation of magnets of the first and second series of magnets, the teeth of the second collector being spaced apart from the teeth of the first collector and these teeth of the first collector. second manifold extending between the teeth of the first manifold so that when the alternator is placed in any one of its first or second configurations, the teeth of the first manifold are opposite magnets belonging to the first manifold; one of said first or second series of magnets, the teeth of the second collector then being opposite magnets belonging to the other of said first or second series of magnets.

By having the teeth of the first and second collectors between the first polar face of the coil and one of the faces of the alternation of magnets, a compact alternator can be obtained which can operate with a single opposite of the alternation of magnets.

Ideally, the first and second manifolds have the same number of teeth. Ideally each tooth of the first and second collectors has a magnetic flux exchange surface, this exchange surface being the surface of the tooth facing the magnet when the alternator is in one of its first or second configurations.

Ideally, all the flux exchange surfaces are equal to each other and the sum of the exchange surfaces of the teeth of the first collector is equal to the sum of the exchange surfaces of the teeth of the second collector. This characteristic makes it possible to limit the magnetic loss linked to a deficiency of the exchange surface of one of the collectors constituting the magnetic mouth.

In a particular embodiment of the embodiment of the alternator according to the invention, the magnets of the first and second series of magnets are respectively disposed on a magnetically permeable part, the north poles of the magnets of the first series of magnets and the poles. south of the magnets of the second series of magnets being opposite this magnetically permeable piece, the teeth of the second collector being spaced apart from the teeth of the first collector and these teeth of the second collector extending between the teeth of the first collector so that when the alternator is placed in any of its first or second configurations, the teeth of the first collector are opposite magnets belonging to one of said first or second series of magnets, the teeth of the second collector then being opposite magnets belonging to the other of said first or second series of magnets.

In this embodiment, the teeth of the first and second collectors are arranged vis-à-vis on the same side of the alternation of the magnets of the first and second series of magnets, the other face of this alternation being opposite the magnetically permeable part which supports these magnets of the alternation of magnets . This embodiment is interesting if one seeks to minimize the overall height of the induced part.

The materials that can be used to produce the magnetically permeable part 16 of FIG. 2a or FIG. 11c are low carbon soft iron, an iron / silicon and / or iron / cobalt alloy.

Alternatively to the previous embodiment of the alternator, it is possible for the magnets of the first and second sets of magnets to form a magnet track having opposite first and second faces of the magnet track, the teeth of the magnet. first collector being located vis-à-vis the first face of the magnet track and the teeth of the second collector being disposed opposite the second face of the magnet track and the teeth of the first and second collector being shaped so that when the alternator is in one of its first or second configurations, the teeth of the first and second collectors are then vis-à-vis magnets belonging to the same of said first or second series magnet.

In this embodiment, the first collector is vis-à-vis the first face of the magnet track while the second collector extends around this magnet track to come vis-à-vis the second face of the magnet track. As the teeth of the first and second collectors are no longer intercalated, this embodiment reduces the space between two successive teeth of the same collector and therefore it reduces the polar pitch of the alternator. The reduction of the polar pitch can be sought when it is desired to have an alternator capable of operating at a very low speed of relative displacement between inductive and induced parts (the lower the polar pitch and the greater the frequency of the alternation between first and second configurations). ).

In a preferred embodiment, the coil is wound around a core and is of rectangular shape when seen in section in a plane perpendicular to a direction of magnetic flux passing through the core when the alternator is in one of its first or second configurations.

For a given coil inner section, the shortest coil wire length is obtained with a square coil when viewed in section along a sectional plane perpendicular to the flux passing through the core. This ideal square shape is preferred over a traditionally circular shape because it reduces the length of the coil wire and therefore the electrical resistance of the coil. This embodiment and particularly interesting at low speed of relative displacement between the induced and induction parts.

According to this embodiment, the core may be of rectangular shape, preferably square, when seen in section in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic flux direction passing through the core when the alternator is in one of its first or second configurations. . The fact that the rectangular coil, preferentially square, is formed / wound around the rectangular core, preferably square, makes it possible to limit the voids between the coil and the core, which facilitates the achievement of the objective of reducing the length of the coil wire. .

Finally, the invention relates to a tidal turbine having a membrane support and a membrane carried by said membrane support, said membrane being arranged to wave when immersed in a fluid flow. This tidal turbine is essentially characterized in that the membrane is connected to at least one alternator according to the invention, this connection between the membrane and the alternator being such that when the membrane undulates, it generates a relative displacement between the induction parts and induced at least one alternator.

More generally, the alternator can be used in combination with any type of tidal turbine.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge clearly from the description which is given hereinafter, by way of indication and in no way limitative, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of alternator 1 according to the invention;

FIG. 1a shows the second collector 15 of the alternator of FIG. 1, this second collector being formed by a stack of sheets allowing the passage of magnetic flux between the sheets, some of these sheets forming a frame of which one side forms a tooth 10b of the second collector 15 and other sheets form an open frame on one of its sides, the latter sheets being shaped to perform inter-dental wedging;

FIG. 1b shows the core 9 of the alternator and the first collector 10 of the alternator of FIG. 1 with its teeth 10a spaced apart by a constant spacing pitch Px1;

FIG. 1a shows the induced part 3 of the alternator 1 of FIG. 1 without its second collector 15;

FIG. 2a is a sectional view of the alternator 1 of FIG. 1, this section being in a relative plane of displacement Pc of the induced and induction parts 2 relative to each other, whereas the Alternator is in second configuration;

Figure 2b is a sectional view of the alternator 1 of Figure 1, in a sectional plane in which extends a tooth 10a of the first collector 10, the alternator being in second configuration;

FIG. 2c is a sectional view of the alternator of FIG. 1, in a sectional plane parallel to that of FIG. 2b and in which a tooth 10b of the second collector 15 extends, the alternator 1 being always in second configuration;

FIG. 3a is a sectional view of the alternator of FIG. 1, in the displacement plane Pc while the alternator is in first configuration with the teeth 10a facing the magnets of the first series 5a; and the teeth 10b vis-à-vis magnets of the second series 5b;

- Figure 3b is identical to Figure 2b, but here the alternator is passed in first configuration;

- Figure 3c is identical to Figure 2c, but here the alternator is passed in first configuration;

FIG. 4 shows an alternator 1 according to an embodiment where there are two induced portions 3, 3 'respectively placed facing opposite faces of the magnet track 8 of the induction part 2 ;

- Figure 5a shows a sectional view of the alternator of Figure 4, in the displacement plane Pc, the first induced portion 3 of the alternator 1 being placed in the first configuration;

- Figure 5b shows a view identical to that of Figure 5a, while the second induced part 3 ' the alternator is placed in its first configuration, that is to say that its teeth 10a of its first collector are vis-à-vis lovers of the first series 5a;

- Figure 5c shows a view identical to that of Figure 5a, while the first induced part of the alternator is placed in its second configuration;

FIG. 5d shows a view identical to that of FIG. 5a, whereas the second induced part 3 'of the alternator is placed in its second configuration, these FIGS. 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d respectively illustrate the configurations successively adopted by FIG. the alternator during a complete cycle of the alternator, the reverse cycle occurring by reversing the direction of movement 4;

FIG. 6a is an exploded view of an alternator according to the invention, in which the teeth 10a, 10b of the first and second collectors 10, 15 of one of the induced parts 3, which are interposed with each other and facing each other, are seen -vis the same face of the induction portion 2, here the collector teeth are individually detachable to facilitate the assembly of the alternator 1;

Figure 6b illustrates a partial sectional view in a plane A-A of displacement of the alternator of Figure 6a;

FIG. 6c shows portions of the first and second collectors 10, 15 intended to be respectively facing the teeth of the collectors shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b;

Figure 6d shows the alternator of Figure 6a complete, with the collectors of its two induced parts 3, 3 'assembled;

FIG. 7a is a perspective view of an alternator according to the invention made according to another embodiment particular embodiment in which the alternator 1 comprises two induced portions 3, 3 'placed on either side of a magnet track 17 of the induction part 2, the first collectors of the induced parts 3, 3' are formed of a single piece comprising collectors 10, 15 and coil core 9;

Figure 7b is a side view of the alternator of Figure 7a where we see the offset of the teeth 10a of the first collectors with respect to the teeth 10b of the second collectors 15;

Figure 7c is a longitudinal sectional view C-C of the alternator of Figures 7a and 7b while its first induced portion 3 is in second configuration (the magnetic flux from the core to the teeth of the first collector);

FIG. 7d is a cross sectional view DD of the alternator of FIGS. 7a, 7b and 7c, while its first induced part 3 is still in the second configuration, it can be seen that the magnetic loop passes from core 9 to teeth 10a of FIG. first collector 10 then passes through adjacent magnets of the magnet track of the induction part before going back to the second collector 15 of the first induced part 3 and finally back to the core 9 of this first induced part 3 ;

- Figure 7e is a sectional view in a plane parallel to the cross sectional plane DD of the alternator, here it is understood that, in the embodiment of the alternator according to Figures 7a to 7e, the teeth 10a of the first collector of a given induced part 3 extend in different planes of the planes in which the teeth of the second collector 15 of the same given induced portion 3 extend, a part of the magnetic loop passing via adjacent magnets of the track magnets 17 visible in Figure 7c; FIG. 8a is a perspective view of an alternator portion according to the invention, this alternator being produced according to another particular embodiment, in which the alternator 1 comprises on the one hand two induced parts 3, 3 placed on either side of a magnet track 17 of a first induction part 2 and on the other hand two other induced parts 3 '', 3 '''placed on either side of a magnet track 17 a magnet track 17 'of a second induction part 2';

- Figure 8b shows a longitudinal section

B-B of two of the induced parts 3, 3 'placed on either side of one of the two induction parts 2 of the alternator of Figure 8a;

Figure 8c is a top view of the alternator of Figure 8a where we see the two magnet tracks 17, 17 'parallel to each other and extending in the same plane;

FIG. 8d is a perspective view of the entirety of the alternator partially shown in FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c, here two of the induced parts 3, 3 '' respectively vis-à-vis the two magnet tracks 17 , 17 'parallel to each other are connected by a plate-shaped part 35 to allow a magnetic continuity between these two first induced parts 3, 3' ', we also see that two other 3', 3 '' 'of the four induced parts respectively vis-à-vis the two parallel magnet tracks 17, 17 'are connected by another piece 35' plate-shaped to allow magnetic continuity between the latter two induced parts 3 ', 3' '', a magnetic loop can thus pass through these four induced portions 3, 3 ', 3' ', 3' '' through the two magnet tracks 17, 17 ';

FIG. 8e shows a view in longitudinal section EE of the alternator of FIG. 8d in which it is seen that each tooth of the first The collectors of the induced portions 3, 3 ', 3'',3''' respectively placed opposite one and the same magnet track are all facing the same first or second series of contacts. magnets of this magnet track;

FIG. 8f is a cross-sectional view

FF of the alternator of FIGS. 8d, 8e, this section plane FF being perpendicular to the cutting plane EE, in this section plane FF, it is understood that the magnetic loop formed at a given instant in the alternator 1 passes through its four induced parts 3, 3 ', 3' ', 3' '' and by the two magnet tracks 17, 17 'induction parts whose series of magnets are offset with each other to allow this magnetic looping alternately changing sense when simultaneously moving the induced parts relative to the induction parts;

FIG. 9 illustrates a particular embodiment of alternator 1 according to the invention in which the induction part 2 is formed of a stack of magnets 6 each in the shape of a disc hollowed at its center and whose NS polarities are oriented radially (the magnets of the first series 5a having their north poles oriented towards the outside of the induction part, the magnets of the second series 5b having their north poles oriented towards the inside of the induction part), here the mutually identical induced parts 3 are arranged in a star around the induction part 2, the magnets 6 of the alternating stacked magnets 8 are separated / spaced apart by spacers 14, each magnet 6 facing each other. With respect to a tooth 10a of a first collector 10 is distant from the teeth 10b of the second collector 15 and vice versa, each magnet 6 vis-à-vis a tooth 10b of the second collector 15 is distant from the teeth 10a of the first collector 15, here the generation of t at the terminals of the coils 11 is made during the relative displacement of the induced parts 3 with respect to the single part induction 2 along a longitudinal axis of the stack of magnets, the rotation of this stack being free and causing no change in configuration of the alternator 1, only its translation causing the configuration changes;

FIG. 10 is an embodiment of the alternator according to the invention which is substantially similar to that of FIG. 9, but in this embodiment each second collector 3 is connected to the corresponding core via a curved portion 20 parallel to the stack of magnets 6 disk-shaped, this mode optimizes the shape of the collector to increase the weight / power ratio of the alternator relative to the alternator of Figure 9, the second collectors 3 are prismatic;

FIG. 10a is a longitudinal sectional view of the alternator 1 of FIG. 10 in a sectional plane in which the axis of revolution of the stack of magnets 6 extends, it can be seen here that whatever the configuration adopted by the alternator 1, for each given induced part 3, when the teeth 10a of the first collector 10 are exclusively opposite magnets 6 of one of the series of magnets 5b of the induction part 2 , then the teeth 10b of the second collector 3 are exclusively opposite magnets 5a of the other series of magnets, the magnetic flux F passing between the teeth 10a and 10b passing through at least two spacers 14 and at the minus three adjacent magnets;

FIG. 10b illustrates a cross-sectional view of the alternator 1 of FIGS. 10 and 10a according to a sectional plane in which the three induced parts 3 are seen distributed around the induction part 2, we see here that the teeth 10a first collector 10 and the teeth 10b of the second collectors 15 all extend in planes perpendicular to the axis of revolution of the alternator, but for any induced part 3 given, it is found that the tooth 10a of the first collector 10 extends in a plane distant from the plane in which the teeth 10b of the second collector 15 extend, a distance separating these planes between them so that when the teeth 10a are exclusively vis-à-vis magnets of a first or second series then the teeth 10b of the second collector are necessarily exclusively vis-à-vis magnets the other of the first or second series and each tooth 10a of the first collector adjacent a tooth 10b of the second collector 15 necessarily facing magnets adjacent to the alternation of magnets 6;

FIG. 10c illustrates a cross-sectional view of the alternator of FIGS. 10, 10a, and 10b according to a sectional plane parallel to that of FIG. 10c but in which the teeth 10b of the second collectors 15 extend, once again we see that the teeth 10a and 10b are shifted in the direction of the stack of magnets so that they are respectively vis-à-vis magnets belonging to series 5a, 5b of different magnets 6, it is understood here, how is formed the continuity of the magnetic loop visible in FIGS. 10a, 10b, each magnetic loop extending between the induction part 2 and an induced part 3 having a portion extending axially in the induction part 2 and along the stack of magnets 6;

FIG. 11 shows an alternator according to the invention, of which a cylindrical induction part 2 is rotatably mounted relative to the induced part 3 along an axis of rotation XX coincides with the axis of revolution of the induction part 2 ; Here the magnets 6 have bar shapes and are arranged at the periphery of the induction part 2, parallel to the axis XX, the magnets of the first and second series of magnets are arranged alternately with their radial axes radial with respect to the axis XX, the magnets of the first series 5a having their south poles oriented towards the inside of the induction part, ie towards the XX axis and their north poles oriented towards the outside of the induction part, the magnets of the second series 5b having their north poles oriented towards the inside of the induction part and their south poles oriented towards the outside. ;

FIG. 11a is an exploded perspective view of one of the two induced parts 3 (these two induced parts are identical to one another) of the alternator 1 of FIG. 11, this induced part 3 is intended to be arranged facing the curvature of the induction portion 2 of cylindrical shape, for this the induced portion has its teeth 10a and 10b of the first and second respective collectors parallel to the axis XX to be able to exchange magnetic flux F between the teeth of the induced part and the magnets 6;

- Figure 11b is a sectional view of the alternator of Figure 11, where only one of the two induced parts 3 is shown; Here we see that the second collector 15 forms metal loops (a loop is a frame) around the coil 11, each of these loops being on one side formed by teeth 10b of second collector and another opposite side formed by a plate portion 35 connected to the core 9 which is itself placed inside the coil 11;

- Figure 11c is a cross sectional view of the alternator of Figure 11b according to a sectional plane KK; Here we see the alternation of the magnets 6 of the first and second series of magnets 5a, 5b and the teeth 10a of the first collector 10 which collect the flow F leaving the north poles of the magnets of the first series 5a and brings it back to the core 9 and the teeth 10b of the second collector 15 which distribute this flow F leaving the core 9 to the south poles of magnets of the second series of magnets 5b;

FIG. 11d illustrates a cross-sectional view of the alternator of FIG. 11b along a section plane JJ which passes through an axial end of the second collector 15, it can be seen here that the flux F leaving the core passes to the teeth 10b of the second collector to return to the south poles of the magnets of the second series of magnets 5b;

FIG. 11e is identical to FIG. 11b but here the alternator is not in first configuration as in FIGS. 11b, 11c, 11d, but in the second configuration, in fact in this FIG. 11b, the induction part 2 has pivoted relative to the induced portion 3 in the direction of movement 4 (here this direction of movement is a counterclockwise direction), the teeth 10a of the first collector 10 are now in front of magnets 6 of the second series of magnets 5b and the teeth 10b of the second collector 15 are in front of magnets 6 of the first series of magnets 5a, the alternator 1 has thus changed configuration and the direction of the magnetic flux F has reversed with respect to the flux F of the Figures 11b, 11c, 11d;

FIG. 11f is a sectional view K-K of the alternator of FIGS. 11b and 11c while it is in the second configuration, the flow F being inverted with respect to the flow F visible in FIG.

Figure 11g is a sectional view J-J of the alternator of Figures 11b and binds while it is in second configuration, the flow F being inverted with respect to the flow F visible in Figure lld;

FIG. 12 represents another embodiment of alternator 1 according to the invention, here the relative movement between induced parts 3 and induction. 2 is a translation movement in a translation direction 4, in this embodiment the induced part always has a first collector 10 located between the core 9 and the alternation of magnets 6, this first collector 10 still having teeth 10a. oriented towards the alternation of magnets 6 to be selectively placed in relation to only one of the series of magnets, this induced part 3 has a second collector 15 which extends since other end of the core 9 and passes on either side of the peripheral coil 11 of the core 9 to come opposite the magnets of the alternation of magnets 8, the teeth 10b of this second collector 15 being vis-à-vis the same magnets as those vis-à-vis which are the teeth 10a of the first collector; Each of these magnets 6 vis-à-vis a tooth 10a and a tooth 10b is placed between these teeth 10a 10b; The magnetic flux F is distributed between the teeth 10a and 10b and passes through the magnet track 17 by passing only magnets of the same series of magnets; The magnets 6 of the alternation are here separated from each other by spacers 14;

FIG. 12a is a longitudinal sectional view of the alternator of FIG. 12 in a transverse cross-sectional plane of the magnets 6 of the alternation which have parallel shapes of bars between them and extending in a plane. that each magnet placed opposite one of the teeth 10a is also opposite one of the teeth 10b, these teeth 10a and 10b facing opposite North South poles of this magnet thus allowing a magnetic looping through the magnet and a collection of flux F to the core 9;

FIG. 12b is a cross-sectional view of the alternator of FIG. 12 in a section plane perpendicular to the direction of displacement 4 and in which, along its length, one of the magnets 6 of FIG. the alternation of magnets parallel to each other;

- Figure 12c is a view identical to that of Figure 12a but here the induced parts 3 and induction 2 have been moved relative to each other by displacement in the direction 4; Unlike FIGS. 12a and 12b which show the alternator in first configuration with the teeth of the first and second collectors 10, 15 exclusively facing magnets of the first series of magnets 5a, here alternator 1 is in second configuration with the teeth of the first and second collectors 10, 15 exclusively opposite magnets 6 belonging exclusively to the second series 5b of magnets 6; It can be seen that here the magnetic flux F is in the opposite direction to that in FIG. 12a;

FIG. 12d is a cross-sectional view of the alternator of FIG. 12, identical to the section of FIG. 12b except that the alternator is here in its second configuration, the sectional magnet belonging here to the second series 5b of magnets;

FIG. 13 represents a perspective view of a tidal turbine according to the invention comprising several alternators 1 according to the invention implanted along a membrane 31 carried by a membrane support 30 to allow this membrane to wobble in a fluid flow 32, each alternator 1 is mechanically connected by connecting means 33 with the membrane so that during the corrugation, the induced parts 3 and induction 2 of the alternator move relative to the other in the direction of movement to thereby generate an electrical voltage across the coil of the alternator; For each alternator, its induced and induction parts are mechanically linked to each other via means for linear guidance of these parts relative to one another;

FIG. 14 illustrates a side view of 1 'tidal turbine of Figure 13.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As indicated above, the invention essentially relates to an alternator 1 comprising an induction part 2 and an induced part 3 movable relative to each other in at least one direction of movement 4.

Depending on the case, this direction of movement is either:

- Or in a rectilinear direction of movement, as in Figures 1 to 10c and 12 to 14;

- Or in a clockwise or counterclockwise orientation as in Figures 11 to 11g.

Induced and induction parts are interconnected by means of guiding these parts relative to each other.

In the case of a direction of movement 4 in a rectilinear direction of displacement, these guide means are linear guide means.

In the case of a clockwise or counterclockwise direction of movement, these guide means are rotational guiding means.

In all the embodiments of the invention, it can be seen that the induction part 2 comprises first and second series of magnets 5a, 5b, each of the magnets 6 of these series of magnets 5a, 5b comprising a north pole N and a south pole S.

The magnets 6 of the first series of magnets 5a have their north poles N oriented in a first direction of orientation 7a which is either parallel for all these magnets when the relative movement between induction and induced parts is linear (as on the Figures 1 to 8f and 12 to 14), ie centrifugal radial when the relative movement comprises a rotation (as in Figures 9 to 11g).

The magnets of the second series of magnets 5b have their north poles N oriented along the same second direction of orientation 7b opposite to said first direction of orientation 7a. In this case, the magnets 6 of the second series of magnets 5b have their north poles N oriented in a second direction of orientation 7b which is:

- Or parallel for all these magnets when the relative movement between induction and induced parts is linear (as in Figures 1 to 8f and 12 to 14);

is centripetal radial when the relative movement has a possible rotation (as in Figures 9 to 11g).

The magnets 6 of the first and second series of magnets 5a, 5b are arranged to form an alternation of magnets 8 of the first series of magnets 5a and magnets of the second series of magnets 5b.

In all the embodiments of the invention, it can be seen that the alternator comprises at least one induced part 3 comprising a core 9 and an electric coil 11 surrounding this core 9. This at least one induced part 3 comprises a first collector 10 which extends from the core 9 between a plane in which extends a first polar face 11a of the coil 11 and at least some of the magnets 6 of the first and second series of magnets 5a, 5b.

This first collector 10 has teeth 10a spaced apart so that, during the relative displacement of the induced part 3 with respect to the induction part 2 according to said at least one direction of movement 4, the alternator 1 alternately adopts first and second configurations distinct from each other. Note that several sheets can be stacked to form teeth and core. Alternatively, we can train the collector (s) and core assembly by molding a single piece.

In the first configuration, the teeth 10a of the first collector 10 are respectively vis-à-vis magnets 6 belonging exclusively to the first series of magnets 5a.

In the second configuration, these teeth 10a of the first collector 10 are respectively vis-à-vis magnets belonging exclusively to the second series of magnets 5b.

The first collector 10 and the core 9 belong to the same magnetic assembly, that is to say, together in which can flow a magnetic flux forming a magnetic loop. As can be seen in FIGS. 1, 2a, 5d, 7a to 12d, this manifold 10 may consist of at least one protrusion of the core 9 extending from one side of the coil 11.

Alternatively, as can be seen in FIGS. 6a to 6d, this first collector 10 can be constituted by a magnetic part distinct from the core 9 and in contact with this core 9.

As can be seen in all the embodiments described:

the teeth 10a of the first collector 10 are spaced apart from each other by a constant pitch spacing of the teeth, said first spacing pitch Px1;

the magnets of the first series of magnets 5a are spaced apart from each other by a constant pitch spacing of the magnets of the first series of magnets, said second spacing pitch Px2; and

the magnets of the second series of magnets 5b are spaced apart from one another by a constant pitch spacing of the magnets of the second series of magnets 5b, said third spacing pitch Px3. It will be noted that the second and third spacing pitches Px1, Px2 are equal to each other and that the first spacing pitch Px1 is chosen so that at each instant during the relative displacement of the induced portions 3 and induction 2 With respect to each other, any tooth 10a of the first collector 5a has an instantaneous surface opposite a magnet of one of the series of magnets 5a, 5b, these instantaneous surfaces of the teeth 10a being identical. between them.

In the case of linear relative mobility between induced and induction parts, these steps Px1, Px2, Px3 are distances.

In the case of a relative mobility by rotation between induced and induction parts, these steps Px1, Px2, Px3 are angles.

By these characteristics of the steps Px1, Px2, Px3, during a constant relative speed displacement between the induced part 3 and the induction part 2, it is found that the voltage across the coil 11 varies according to an alternative form of substantially constant frequency and amplitude. This alternative form is close to a triangular periodic signal. Moreover, by these characteristics of the alternator 1, it can be seen that this alternative form of the voltage does not depend on the direction of relative displacement between the induced part 3 and the induction part 2, but only on the relative speed of this displacement.

The alternator 1 according to the invention thus has an operating symmetry independent of the relative direction of movement 4 between the induction part and the induced part. Thus, regardless of the direction of movement 4, the alternator produces the same voltage variation across the coil 11. Therefore, the alternator can be connected to a mechanism for mechanical actuation of the alternator forcing a cyclic inversion of its direction of movement.

In all the embodiments of the alternator 1, the first collector 10 has a number of teeth 10a at least equal to six teeth and the magnets 6 of the alternation of magnets 8 are spaced apart in such a way that:

when the alternator is in its first configuration (as is the case in Figures 3a to 3c, 5a, 7c to 7e, 8e, 11b, 11c, 11d, 12a, 12b), each tooth 10a of the first collector is in vis-à-vis a corresponding magnet of the first set of magnets 5a; and so that

when the alternator 1 is in its second configuration (as is the case in FIGS. 2a to 2c, 5c, 10a to 10c, links to 11g, 12c to 12d) each tooth 10a of the first collector 10 is screwed to -vis a corresponding magnet 6 of the second series of magnets 5b.

Thus, irrespective of the relative position between the induced part 3 and the induction part 2, since the alternator 1 is in one of its first or second configurations, it can be seen that the first collector always concentrates towards the core 9 a magnetic flux F from at least six magnets 6 of the same series which improves the efficiency of the alternator.

In all the embodiments of the invention, it can be seen that the teeth 10a of the first collector 10 and the magnets 6 of the first and second series of magnets 5a, 5b are arranged in such a way that when the alternator 1 is in its first configuration or in its second configuration, each tooth 10a of the first collector disposed vis-a-vis a magnet which corresponds to it is separated from this magnet of a gap between iron. As illustrated in particular in FIGS. 2a and 6b, these iron spaces all have the same shape and the distance between the iron Ea is uniform over the entire gap. Ideally, the teeth of the first collector and the magnets are shaped so that any tooth of the first collector arranged vis-à-vis a given magnet extends parallel to the given magnet, the gap space is thus constant on the entire depth of the tooth.

In the embodiments described in FIGS. 1, 2a to 8f, 11 to 12d, the magnets of said first and second series of magnets 5a, 5b have the same shape of a bar. Each bar-shaped magnet has a bar length, called the magnet depth PI, and a bar thickness called the magnet thickness El. In these modes, each north pole N and south S of the same magnet 6 is extends along the bar form, that is to say according to the depth PI, these north and south poles being separated from each other by the thickness El of the bar.

Ideally, each tooth 10a of the first collector has the same tooth width L2 and a tooth depth P2, only its height may vary. Each tooth 10b of the second collector has the same tooth width L2 'and a tooth depth P2', only its height being variable. The widths of teeth L2, L2 'are identical to each other and preferably the lengths of teeth P2, P2' are also identical to each other. The depths of the teeth P2 and P2 'are parallel to the depths PI of the bar-shaped magnets. Each magnet has a width L1 of a magnet measured perpendicular to its thickness E1. The teeth 10a of the first collector are uniform to each other in dimensional terms. The teeth 10b of the second collector are uniform to each other in dimensional terms. The magnets of the first and second sets of magnets 5a, 5b are uniform to each other in dimensional terms. The width 11 of the magnets is greater than the widths L2, L2 'of the teeth of the first and second respective collectors.

The alternator 1 comprises means for guiding the induced part with respect to the induction part arranged to guide the relative displacement 4 between the induced part 3 and the induction part 2. These guiding means are such that during the relative displacement between the induced portion and the induction portion, any tooth of the first or second collector placed opposite a magnet has its tooth depth P2, P2 'parallel to the depth PI of the magnet in vis-à-vis which she is placed. The depths P2 of the teeth are ideally equal to the depths PI of the magnets so that the magnetic flux transits over the entire length of the tooth and over the entire length of the magnet.

More specifically, in the case of the modes of FIGS. 1 to 8f and 9, 10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 12, 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 13, 14, the guiding means is a guide means in linear translation ( not shown) arranged to perform a guide in rectilinear translation in a direction of rectilinear displacement of the induced and induction parts relative to each other, the direction of movement 4 is a direction parallel to this direction of rectilinear movement.

In these figures, the first direction of orientation 7a, which for each magnet of the first series of magnets goes from its south pole S to its north pole N, is oriented perpendicular to the rectilinear direction of movement 4. The second sense of 7b orientation which for each magnet of the second series of magnets goes from its south pole S to its north pole N is oriented perpendicular to the rectilinear direction of movement 4 and is opposite to the first direction 7a.

In the case of the modes of FIG. 11, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11c, 11f, 11g, the guiding means is a means for guiding in rotation (not represented) around an axis. rotation of the alternator XX of the alternator. The direction of movement 4 is here a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. In these modes, the magnets of the first and second series of magnets have their north poles oriented radially with respect to the axis of rotation XX.

For each magnet of the first set of magnets, the first orientation direction 7a goes from the south pole S to the north pole N and is centrifugal.

For each magnet of the second series of magnets, the second orientation direction 7b goes from its south pole S to its north pole N and is centripetal.

In particular embodiments of the invention, illustrated in Figures 2a, 3a, 5a to 5d, 6b, 7a, 7c, 8b, 8e, 10a, 12a, 12c, there are:

that the teeth 10a of the first collector 10 are arranged to extend from the core 9, in the direction of the alternation of magnets 8 of the first and second series of magnets 5a, 5b;

the first collector comprises shims arranged to maintain a spacing between these teeth, these wedges and teeth of the first collector, when observed in a longitudinal sectional plane Pc of the alternator which is parallel to said direction. displacement 4, form a crenellated profile extending in front of the alternation of the magnets 8;

each slot of the crenellated profile of the first collector has a slot width L0 corresponding to the distance separating two adjacent teeth of the crenel and each tooth of the first collector has a tooth width L2 corresponding to a dimension of the tooth. measured between two crenels adjacent to this tooth 10a; and

- that each magnet 6 of the alternation 8 presents a magnet width Ll corresponding to a dimension of the magnet 6 measured in the longitudinal sectional plane Pc of the alternator 1 in a direction perpendicular to a polar axis Xp passing through the poles N, S of the magnet and each slot width LO is greater than any one of the widths of the magnets L1 of the alternation of magnets 8.

In other words, as illustrated in FIGS. 2a, 3a, 5a to 5d, 6b, 7a, 7c, 8b, 8c, 10a, 12a, 12c, the teeth 10a of the first collector 10, when observed in the longitudinal section plane Pc of the alternator 1, form a crenellated profile. The magnets of the first and second series of magnets 5a, 5b extending perpendicular to this plane Pc so that during the relative displacement between the induction part 2 and the induced part 3, the magnets 6 move along the profile crenellated and pass alternately in front of crenellations and teeth 10a. As the width L 0 of the slots is strictly greater than the width L 1 of the magnets, a magnet can not at any time be at the same time opposite two teeth 10 a of the first collector 10.

In this particular mode, the magnets 6 of the first and second series 5a, 5b may all have the same width of the magnet Ll, the slots all having the same slot width L0 and the teeth 10a of the first collector 10 all having the same width tooth L2 and the tooth width L2 of the first collector 10 being strictly smaller than the magnet width L1.

For a tooth width and a given tooth pitch, this feature maximizes the volume of magnets and thus maximize the flow F potentially collectable by these teeth. In embodiments where the alternator has several induced parts 3, 3 'placed on either side of the magnet track 17, as in Figures 4, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, these induced parts 3 , 3 'are preferably offset from each other by a quarter pole pitch p so that when one of the induced parts is in first or second configuration, then the magnetic flux F which passes through its core 9 is closed thanks to the presence teeth of the other induced part which are shifted by a quarter of a polar pitch p. This is visible in FIGS. 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d. This offset can also be applied to the rotary variants of the alternator shown in FIGS. 11 to 11g. Note that in the case where there are three induced parts linked together and vis-à-vis the same induction part, as in Figure 10, the offset between the teeth of the induced parts can be d one-third of a polar pitch p to allow three-phase current generation.

The alternator of FIGS. 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d comprises several induced parts 3, 3 'respectively named first and second induced parts 3, 3', these induced parts being mechanically connected to each other so as to move together according to said direction of displacement 4. The first collectors 10a, 10a 'of these first and second induced parts 3, 3' being such that when the teeth of one of these first collectors 10a, 10a 'are opposite magnets 6 belonging exclusively to the first series of magnets 5a or the second series of magnets 5b, then the teeth of the other of these first collectors 10a, 10a 'are offset with respect to the magnets of the first or second series of magnets 5b, magnets with an offset value:

greater than one eighth of a pole pitch p of the alternation of magnets; and preferentially equal to a quarter pole pitch p of the alternation of magnets.

This offset limits the maximum magnetic force opposing the displacement of the induction portion 2 relative to the first and second induced portions 3, 3 '.

The magnets of the alternation are of homogeneous shape and the polar pitch p corresponds to the distance between two polar axes Xp of successive magnets of the same series of magnets.

The polar axis Xp of a magnet is the axis passing through its south poles S and north N.

In the particular case of the illustrated modes, where the magnets of the series have the same homogeneous shape, it can be seen that the polar pitch p also corresponds to twice the width of a magnet L1 measured along the direction of displacement 4 to which is added two times the distance separating two adjacent magnets from the alternation of magnets. The distance separating two adjacent magnets from the alternation generally corresponds to the thickness of the spacers 14 which are interposed between the adjacent magnets of the alternation of magnets. These spacers 14 are also of homogeneous shape with each other.

It is noted that the collectors 10, 15 and the core may be made of a material allowing a magnetic loop such as iron, an iron-silicon alloy and / or iron-cobalt. Preferably, these elements are in slices of this material cut in the plane of the magnetic loop and these slices are isolated from each other, at least in certain places, for example by an electrically resistant varnish.

Typically, the magnets used in the alternator according to the invention are:

- neodymium alloy / iron / boron or samarium / cobalt alloy which allows to have magnets high energy; or

- Ferrite alloy or aluminum / nickel / chrome which allows for cheaper magnets but lower energy.

The coils are made of copper or copper wire with an aluminum core or graphene type material, or copper wire covered with silver.

In general, the section of the teeth seen in planes of sections parallel to the direction of orientation 7a, 7b of the polarities may increase by following the path of the magnetic flux passing through the tooth towards the core 9. In particular, each of the teeth first and second manifolds have a tooth section seen in section planes of the tooth parallel to said first and second orientation directions 7a, 7b which increases in the path of the magnetic flux passing through the tooth towards the core 9 This is visible particularly for the teeth 10a of Figures 1a or 11a whose height increases in approaching the core 9. This is also visible for the teeth 10b of Figures 2c and 11b whose height increases following the path of the magnetic flux to the core 9. This height increase allows a section increase that optimizes the tooth geometry to minimize its weight while limiting the risk of magnetic saturation and magnetic field leakage.

As indicated above and illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, the invention finally relates to a tidal turbine comprising a membrane support 30 carrying a membrane 31 arranged to wave when it is immersed in a fluid flow 32. The membrane 31 is mechanically connected to at least one alternator 1 according to at least one embodiment of the invention. This connection 33 between the membrane 31 and the at least one alternator 1 is such that when the membrane 31 corrugates, it then generates a relative displacement between the induced induction parts 2 and 3 of this at least one alternator 1 to thereby generate an electrical voltage across the coil 11 of alternator.

In FIG. 14, it can be seen here that the alternators 1 form two groups of alternators respectively arranged facing opposite faces of the membrane. Each alternator is connected to the membrane on the one hand via a first lever 33 extending from a location of the membrane 31 to a joint carried by the induced portion 3 of the alternator 1 and secondly via a second lever 33 extending from another place of the membrane 31 to a joint carried by the induction part 2 of the alternator 1. Each alternator group is formed of several alternators aligned substantially parallel to the preferred corrugation direction of the membrane 31, so that as the propagation of the wave along the membrane, the levers move with the membrane and the ends of the lever carrying the same alternator is closer to the one of the other be apart from each other. The alternator carried by a pair of levers thus tends to generate a current under the effect of the relative displacement between its induced and induction parts. During this movement, the alternator passes alternately from its first to second configurations and generates an alternating voltage across its coil; It can be seen that for any given alternator of the tidal turbine, the direction of relative displacement 4 between the induction part and the induced part reverses periodically, which enables the alternator to produce an alternating voltage in each of the directions of displacement 4. It is noted that the groups of alternators can be arranged in such a way that the alternators are arranged symmetrically with respect to the membrane so that when the membrane is bent, the alternator on the inner side of the curvature is then shortened while the alternator on the outer side is elongated. It is also possible that the groups of alternators located opposite the opposite faces of the membrane are offset so that during the displacement of the undulation along the membrane, two alternators placed vis-à-vis -vis and opposite sides of the membrane are never simultaneously at the end of the race. By end of race of an alternator, one understands the position adopted by this alternator when the direction of displacement of its induced and induction parts is reversed, either to lengthen or to shorten the alternator. This is useful for facilitating the initiation of wave propagation along the membrane.

This tidal turbine may comprise a converter circuit remote alternators 1 and at least some of the coils alternators are electrically connected to the converter circuit via electricity conductors. This converter circuit is then arranged, from the electrical voltages generated by at least a portion of the coils 11 connected thereto, to generate an output electric current at output terminals of this at least one remote converter circuit.

Such a converter circuit allows 1 'tidal turbine to continue to operate even if some of the coils that are connected to the converter are defective. The tidal turbine can continue to operate in degraded mode, without requiring a maintenance operation.

Another advantage of this converter circuit is that it makes it possible to accumulate electrical energy from several coils for delivering a higher and regulated electric power to the electric powers individually produced by the coils 5.

Note that these alternators can be arranged on one side or on both sides of the membrane.

In the case where the converters 2 are arranged on opposite sides of the membrane, they will preferably be aligned in planes parallel to the longitudinal section plane of the membrane and will be distributed symmetrically with respect to this plane extending equidistant from the sides of the membrane. membrane.

It is also possible that the coils of the alternators 1 are connected to the converter circuit to generate multi-phase currents.

Claims

1) Alternator (1) comprising an induction part (2) and an induced part (3) movable relative to one another in at least one direction of movement (4):

the induction part (2) having first and second series of magnets (5a, 5b), each of the magnets (6) of these sets of magnets (5a, 5b) having a north pole (N) and a pole south (S), the magnets (6) of the first series of magnets (5a) having their north poles (N) oriented in the same first direction of orientation (7a), the magnets of the second series of magnets ( 5b) having their north poles (N) oriented in the same opposite second orientation direction (7b) with respect to said first direction of orientation (7a), the magnets (6) of the first and second sets of magnets (5a, 5b) being arranged to form an alternation of magnets of the first series of magnets and magnets of the second series of magnets;

the induced part (3) comprising a core (9) and a coil (11) surrounding said core (9), characterized in that the induced part (3) has a first collector (10) extending from the core ( 9) between a plane in which extends a first polar face (11a) of the coil (11) and some at least magnets (6) of the first and second series of magnets (5a, 5b), this first collector ( 10) having teeth (10a) spaced apart from one another so that, during the relative movement of the induced portion (3) with respect to the induction part (2) in accordance with said at least one direction of movement (4), the alternator (1) alternately adopts first and second configurations distinct from each other in the first configuration, the teeth (10a) of the first collector (10) being respectively in with respect to magnets (6) belonging exclusively to the first series of magnets (5a) and in the second configuration, these teeth (10a) of the first collector (10) being respectively opposite magnets exclusively belonging to the second series of magnets (5b).

2) Alternator according to claim 1, wherein:

the teeth (10a) of the first collector (10) are spaced apart from each other by a constant pitch spacing of the teeth, said first pitch pitch (Px1);

the magnets of the first series of magnets (5a) are spaced apart from one another by a constant pitch spacing of the magnets of the first series of magnets, said second spacing pitch (Px2); and

the magnets of the second series of magnets (5b) are spaced apart from each other by a constant pitch spacing of the magnets of the second series of magnets (5b), said third pitch pitch (Px3);

the second and third spacing steps (Px1, Px2) being equal to each other and the first spacing step

(Pxl) being such that at each moment during the relative displacement of the induced and induction parts relative to each other, any tooth of the first collector (5a) has an instantaneous surface opposite the a magnet of one of the series of magnets (5a, 5b), these instantaneous surfaces being identical to each other.

3) Alternator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first collector (10) has a number of teeth at least equal to six teeth and the magnets of the alternation of magnets (8) being spaced apart from each other. so that when the alternator is in its first configuration, each tooth of the first collector is vis-à-vis a corresponding magnet of the first series of magnets (5a) and so that when the alternator (1) is in his second configuration each tooth (10a) of the first collector (10) is vis-à-vis a corresponding magnet (6) of the second series of magnets (5b).

4) Alternator according to any preceding claim wherein the teeth of the first collector (10) are arranged to extend from the core (9), in the direction of the alternation of magnets (8) of the first and second series of magnets (5a, 5b), the first collector (10) having shims (12) arranged to maintain a spacing between these teeth (10a), these wedges (12) and teeth (10a) of the first collector (10); ), when observed in a longitudinal sectional plane (Pc) of the alternator (1) which is parallel to said direction of movement (4), form a crenellated profile extending opposite the alternation of the magnets (8), each crenellated profile of the first collector (10) has a slot width (L0) corresponding to the distance between two adjacent teeth of the tooth and each tooth (10a) of the first collector (10) has a corresponding tooth width (L2) to one dimension of the tooth (10a) measured between two adjacent teeth s to this tooth (10a), each magnet (6) of the alternation (8) having a magnet width (Ll) corresponding to a dimension of the magnet (6) measured in the longitudinal section plane (Pc) of the alternator (1) in a direction perpendicular to a polar axis passing through the poles (N, S) of the magnet, each slot width (L0) being greater than any one of the widths of the magnets (Ll) the alternation of magnets (8).

5) Alternator (1) according to claim 4, wherein the magnets (6) of the first and second series (5a, 5b) all have the same width of magnet (Ll), the slots all have the same slot width ( L0) and the teeth (10a) of the first collector (10) all have the same tooth width (L2), the tooth width (L2) of the first collector (10) being strictly less than the magnet width (Ll).

6) Alternator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core (9) is disposed inside the coil (11), the first collector (10) extends outside the coil (11). ), a central portion of the first collector (10) being located between the core (9) and some of the magnets (6) of the first and second sets of magnets (5a, 5b) and two side portions of the first collectors (10) being respectively disposed on either side of the central portion of the first collector (10), these lateral portions being vis-à-vis the first polar face (11a) of the coil (11), between this coil (11) and magnets (6) of the first and second series of magnets (5a, 5b), each central or lateral portion of the first collector (10) carrying at least one of the teeth (10a) of this first collector (10).

7) Alternator according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the coil (11) has a second polar face (11b), the first and second pole faces (11a, 11b) of the coil (11) being located on the side and other of the coil (11), the alternator further comprising a second collector (15) extending around the coil (11) from one side of the core (9) located on the side of this second polar face ( 11b) of the coil (11), a portion of this second collector (15) having teeth (10b) spaced apart so that when the alternator (1) is in one of said first or second configurations the teeth ( 10b) of the second collector (15) are then respectively vis-à-vis magnets (6) belonging exclusively to one of said series of magnets (5a, 5b), the teeth of the first and second collectors (10, 15) are otherwise shaped so that when the teeth of the first collector (10) are exclusively opposite north poles (N) magnets then the teeth (10b) of the second collector (15) are exclusively opposite south poles (S) of magnets (6) and vice versa.

8) Alternator according to claim 7, wherein the teeth of the second collector extend between the first polar face (11a) and a face of the alternation of magnets of the first and second series of magnets, the teeth (10b). the second collector (15) being spaced from the teeth (10a) of the first collector (10) and these teeth (10b) of the second collector (15) extending between the teeth (10a) of the first collector (10) so that when the alternator is placed in any of its first or second configurations, the teeth (10a) of the first collector (10) are opposite magnets (6) belonging to one of said first or second series of magnets (5a, 5b), the teeth (10b) of the second collector (15) then facing magnets belonging to the other of said first or second series of magnets (5a, 5b) .

9) Alternator according to any one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the magnets of the first and second series of magnets (5a, 5b) are respectively disposed on a magnetically permeable piece (16), the north poles of the magnets of the first series of magnets and the south poles (S) of the magnets of the second series of magnets (5b) facing this magnetically permeable piece (16).

10) An alternator according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein each of the teeth of the first and second manifolds has a tooth section seen in section planes of the tooth parallel to said first and second direction of orientation (7a). , 7b) which is increasing by following the path of the magnetic flux passing through the tooth towards the core (9).

11) An alternator according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein each tooth of the second collector is formed along a periphery portion of a corresponding annular closed sheet, while each tooth of the first collector is formed. at the end of a corresponding sheet flat and constant thickness, this sheet going widening going from the core to the end of the tooth.

12) An alternator according to claim 7, wherein the magnets (6) of the first and second series of magnets (5a, 5b) form a magnet track (8) having first and second opposite sides of the magnet track (17), the teeth (10a) of the first collector (10) being located opposite the first face (17a) of the magnet track (17) and the teeth (10b) of the second collector (15). ) being arranged opposite the second face (17b) of the magnet track (17) and the teeth of the first and second collectors (10, 15) being shaped so that when the alternator is in the one of its first or second configurations, the teeth (10a, 10b) of the first and second collectors are then vis-à-vis magnets (6) belonging to the same of said first or second series of magnet.

13) An alternator according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the coil (11) is wound around the core (9) and is rectangular in shape when viewed in section in a plane perpendicular to a direction of magnetic flux (F passing through the core (9) when the alternator is in one of its first or second configurations.

14) Alternator according to claim 13, wherein the core (9) is rectangular in shape when viewed in section in the plane perpendicular to the direction of magnetic flux (F) passing through the core (9) when the alternator is in one of its first or second configurations.

15) Alternator according to any one of claims 1 to 14, comprising a plurality of induced parts induced part (3, 3 ') respectively named first and second induced parts (3, 3'), these induced parts being mechanically connected to each other to move together in said direction of movement (4), the first collectors (10a, 10a ') of these first and second induced parts (3, 3') being such that when the teeth of one of these first collector (10a, 10a ') are opposite magnets (6) belonging exclusively to the first series of magnets (5a) or the second series of magnets (5b), then the teeth of the other of these first collectors (10a, 10a ') are offset with respect to the magnets of the first or second series of magnets with an offset value greater than one eighth of a pole pitch (p) of the alternation of magnets and preferably equal to a quarter pole pitch (p) of the alternation of magnets, this offset to limit the maximum magnetic force opposing the displacement of the induction part (2) with respect to the first and second induced parts (3, 3 '), the polar pitch (p) corresponding to the distance between two axes poles of successive magnets from the same series of magnets.

16) A hydrolysis fluid comprising a membrane support (30) carrying a membrane (31) arranged to wave when immersed in a flow of fluid

(32), characterized in that the membrane (31) is mechanically connected to at least one alternator (1) according to any preceding claim, this connection

(33) between the membrane (31) and the at least one alternator (1) being such that when the membrane (31) undulates, it generates a relative displacement between the induction (2) and induced (3) parts of this at least one alternator (1)