FR2884069A1 - DC acyclic rotating machine e.g. electromagnetic induction motor, has electrical conductor layers, each supplied by two buses and disposed between sheets that are disposed radially so that magnetic flux is enclosed in sheets - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine has electrical conductor layers (Cn, C`n) extending parallel to a central axis (delta ) of the machine. The layers are disposed between thin sheets (6) that are disposed radially so that the magnetic flux generated by magnets (A1, A2), of opposite magnetic polarities, circulating in the radial plane is enclosed in the sheets, where the magnets are disposed on a cylinder (5). The layers are supplied in parallel and opposite directions with respect to the magnets. The layer (Cn) is supplied by buses (BUa, BUb) and the layer (C`n) is supplied by buses (BUa, BUc).

Description

The present invention relates to an acyclic rotating electrical machine

DC.

  It applies in particular but not exclusively to the field of electromagnetic induction motors and, in addition, to the field of generators 15 with electromagnetic induction.

  In general, it is known that conventional rotating electrical machines comprise a rotor or armature in relative motion in magnetic fields created by the stator or inductor.

  There are two categories of rotating machines: É induction machines, É collector machines.

  Regarding the first category, the inductor or stator, always supplied with alternating current, produces a rotating field which induces in the short-circuit rotor (or squirrel cage) currents which, by interaction on the stator field, generate a engine couple.

  The speed of the motor is linked, among other things, to the frequency of the alternating current and to the number of poles of the stator; which stator can be supplied with three-phase current, or single-phase current by adding a phase-shifting element in order to allow the induction motor to start.

  Regarding the second category, the inductor comprises pole pieces 5 supporting either excitation windings or permanent magnets which have a remanent induction.

  Thus, at the level of the inductor, the magnetomotive force that results from the passage of the current in the excitation windings produces the main flow which runs through the entire magnetic circuit.

  The magnetic circuit of the armature consists of a stack of laminations cut so as to obtain grooves in which the induced winding will be housed, and is subjected to the magnetic induction flux of the inductor.

  The inductive magnetic circuit and the induced magnetic circuit are separated by an air gap which is also part of the magnetic circuit of the machine.

  Finally, the rotor has a rectifier of the induced alternating currents 20, called a collector, in the case of a generator, or allows DC power to be supplied to the armature, in the case of a motor.

  In order to improve the mechanical performance of the engine, particularly in terms of rapid variations in the speed of rotation, it is possible to reduce the inertia of the armature by giving it a large elongation (important ratio between the length and the diameter ); it is also possible to give the armature the shape of a thin disk and thus eliminate the rotor iron, the active conductors then being radial.

  Apart from these solutions, mainly applicable to small electric motors intended in particular for servomechanisms, the conventional motors 2884069 3 have the disadvantage of lack of torque with respect to their volume, the active conductors to be concentrated in a small space, close to the axis Rotary Electromagnetic induction motors are now known in which the rotating mobile part corresponds to the inductive outer part which then constitutes the rotor, while the internal coiled axial part is fixed and constitutes the stator.

  Such a structure requires air gaps of large thickness to accommodate the wound conductors of the stator; the implementation remains delicate and may affect the electromagnetic efficiency of the proposed structure.

  Electromagnetic induction motors are also known, close to the preceding general structure, in which the fixed internal axial portion constituting the stator comprises a series of thin flat plates between which the excitation or armature conductors are deposited. conductors having active portions extending substantially radially or parallel to the axis of the motor; the outer rotational yoke constituting the inductive portion comprises a plurality of magnetic magnet riders disposed in a plurality of angular sectors; thus, according to one embodiment, the magnetic circuit circulates in a radial half plane and comprises two air gaps traversed by a radial magnetic flux.

  Such a structure is also difficult to implement because of the volume limitation available for the winding of the armature; in addition, it requires the addition of a piece ensuring the precise and regular positioning of the sheets; this piece, of complex realization, significantly affects the manufacturing costs of such a structure.

  In general, it is known that electric motors or generators operate in magnetic field absorption; in fact, a magnetically created pole, for example a stator, will draw opposite to itself a pole of opposite name of the rotor so as to absorb the largest amount of flux generated by this pole; this explains the complexity of the windings, the increase of the iron, and consequently of the weight.

  In view of the elements mentioned, another approach, proposed by the applicant, led to a structure of the electric actuator device or electrical generator reacting to the magnetic repulsion force; this approach has consisted in arranging a plurality of pairs of poles of opposite name, each of said pairs of poles being carried by a same magnetic bar, close to copper conductors traversed by currents of opposite directions under their respective pole; this requires for winding such a circuit with a single electrical conductor to shift the direction of passage of the conductors between the successive sheets of a magnet race.

  Because the poles are discrete and successively alternated, the current in the conductors must be inverted by switching to ensure a given direction of rotation.

  Thus, in a cyclic DC machine, each elementary conductor moves in a normal induction periodically varying with time; the electromotive forces generated are also periodic, and by the artifice of the collector, a substantially constant electromotive force is collected between the brushes.

  One can also imagine moving the drivers at a constant speed and in constant induction; the electromotor field will then be constant; it will be the same with the electromotive force; this is the principle of the BARLOW wheel and the POIRSON dynamo.

  For this purpose, it should be noted that the essential handicap prohibiting the industrial development of the POIRSON dynamo is due in large part to the unipolar structure of this machine prohibiting the putting in series of 2884069 5 drivers who could equip it as a replacement of the mass cylinder which constituted it.

  The electromotive force is limited to a small value, the induction is indeed limited because of the saturation of the mass cylinder, reduced to a thin disc, placed in the gap of an electromagnet in the case of the BARLOW wheel, or in a magnetic carcass, carrying inductive windings in the case of the POIRSON dynamo.

  On the other hand, the current delivered can reach high values, provided that sufficiently sized sliding contacts are available; the periphery of the armature being equipotential, it will therefore be covered with a maximum of brushes.

  The purpose of the invention is more particularly to eliminate these disadvantages by proposing a sectorization of the so-called POIRSON machine.

  For this purpose, the acyclic DC rotary electrical machine according to the invention comprises: a plurality of electrical excitation conductors or wound inductors, and at least one magnetic cylinder whose main axis is collinear with the axis of rotation of the rotating machine, comprising on its outer periphery, in the vicinity of each of its ends, a magnet ring of magnetic poles of identical polarity, the polarity of each of said magnet rings being opposite, so that the magnetic flux flows. substantially in the radial plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotating machine, characterized in that the plurality of electrical conductors have active parts extending substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotating machine, and deposited between plates of sufficient magnetic permeability and high magnetic susceptibility, closely spaced, which are radially, so that the magnetic flux generated by the aforementioned magnet rings circulating in the radial plane closes in the thin sheets forming the wound coil, the active parts of said plurality of electrical conductors excitation or induced wound, are supplied in parallel and opposite respectively opposite said magnet crowns, the assembly consisting of the plurality of electrical conductors excitation or wound inductance and magnet rings form magnetic circuits with air gaps in which the magnetic flux flows along the radial plane containing the axis of rotation of the rotating machine.

  Thanks to these arrangements, the active parts of the conductors being located for example in a horizontal plane, the magnetic field produced by the pairs of magnetic poles being perpendicular to said horizontal plane, the so-called LORENTZ force or the so-called LAPLACE force, respectively in the case of the relative displacement of the active parts of the conductors with respect to the magnetic field (electrical generating device) or in the case of a current flowing in the active parts of the conductors (electrical actuator device), will be perpendicular to the plane defined respectively by the speed vectors displacement and magnetic field on the one hand, and current vectors and magnetic field on the other hand.

  Thus these said forces compete in the same direction if the directions of the currents flowing in the active parts are in opposition for magnetic poles of opposite polarity.

  These conditions being respected in all points, the device according to the invention may be sometimes electric generator in the case of relative displacement of the active parts of the conductors relative to the magnetic field or electric actuator in the case of a current flowing in the parts active drivers.

  In both cases, these are magnetic repulsion forces applied to the plurality of excitation conductors or wound inductors.

  One embodiment will be described below, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a first schematic representation of the principle of the rotating electrical machine, represents a sagittal half-section of a first embodiment of a rotating electrical machine according to the invention, FIG. 3 represents a cross-section of the first embodiment, FIG. 4 is a second flat schematic representation 10 of the 5 represents a sagittal half-section of the first improved embodiment, FIG. 6 is a flat-drawn schematic representation of a second embodiment, FIG. 7 represents a sagittal half-section. of the second embodiment, FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of an improvement of the first embodiment, FIG. shows a sagittal half-section of the first improved embodiment, Fig. 10 shows a cross-section of the first improved embodiment, and Fig. 11 shows a sagittal half-section of a third embodiment.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1, a first ply of electrical conductors, C1, C2, C3, C2, C1, arranged parallel to one another, are fed by two buses, respectively BUA, BUB. A second layer of electrical conductors, C'I, C'2, C'3, ..., C '_2, C'n, arranged parallel to each other, and in the same direction as the associated one at the aforementioned first sheet, are fed by the aforesaid BUA bus and a BUc bus.

  The aforesaid bus BUB, BUc, are electrically connected by a link L; thus the power supply of these two layers is carried out between the bus BUB or the BUc bus on the one hand, and the bus BUA on the other hand; the current source being continuous, the currents flowing in the conductors C1, C2, C3, Cn_2, Cn_1, Cn, as well as the currents flowing in the conductors C'1, C'2, C'3, ..., C n, converge to the bus BUA, or diverge from the bus BUA, according to the polarity of said current source.

  Assuming that a first plurality of magnets, not shown, of north PN polarity are arranged parallel under conductors C1, C2, C3, Cn_2, Cn-1, Cn, and a second plurality of magnets, not represented, of south polarity PS are arranged parallel under the conductors C'1, C'2, C'3, ..., C'n, a force F, called Laplace, is exerted on the aforesaid conductors C1, C2 , C3 Cn-2, Cn-1, Cn, C'1, C'2, C'3, ..., C'n-2, Con-1, Con, equal to: F = Î.LAH, I , being the current flowing in each of the conductors C1, C2, C3, Cn-2, L, being the length of each of the conductors C1, C2, C3, Cn-2, Cn-1, Cn, H, being the intensity the magnetic field created by the above magnets.

  Since the magnetic field conditions are homogeneous under the above two layers, the Laplace elementary forces add up, causing a relative movement of the aforesaid layers of conductors with respect to the plurality of magnets, in the plane containing the aforesaid layers.

  Thanks to these arrangements, the active parts of the conductors being located for example in a horizontal plane, the magnetic field produced by the magnets 2884069 9 being perpendicular to said horizontal plane, the so-called LORENTZ force or the so-called LAPLACE force, respectively in the case relative displacement of the active parts of the conductors with respect to the magnetic field (electrical generating device) or in the case of a current flowing in the active parts of the conductors (electrical actuator device), will be perpendicular to the plane defined respectively by the velocity vectors of displacement and magnetic field on the one hand, and by the current vectors and magnetic field on the other hand.

  Thus these said forces compete in the same direction if the directions of the currents flowing in the active parts are in opposition.

  These conditions being respected in all points, the device according to the invention may be sometimes electric generator in the case of relative displacement of the active parts of the conductors relative to the magnetic field or electric actuator in the case of a current flowing in the parts active drivers.

  In both cases, these are magnetic repulsion forces applied to the plurality of excitation conductors or wound inductors.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the rotating acyclic electric machine according to the invention.

  In the example shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the rotating machine consists of an external yoke comprising two flanges 1, 1 'and a cylinder 7 integral with said flanges 1, 1' which forms a generally cylindrical cage and constitutes a sort of ST external stator.

  Inside the cylinder head, an inner core is rotatably mounted around a central axis 0; said inner core comprises a shaft 2, made of non-magnetic material, such as aluminum, rotatably mounted on two bearings 3, 4, sliding or rolling, and immobilized in translation; said core constitutes a kind of internal rotor RO.

  2884069 - 10 - The aforesaid inner core consists of a cylinder 5 surrounding the aforesaid shaft 2, which cylinder 5 is made of magnetic material, having a high permeability, such as soft iron.

  Magnets A1, A2, of opposite magnetic polarity, which magnets A1, A2, are integral with the cylinder 5, at each of its ends. The design of the magnets makes it possible to obtain a very strong magnetization with magnets of mass and reduced dimensions. The adoption of such powerful and lightweight magnets advantageously allows to consider arranging the permanent magnet poles on the rotating part of the rotating machine with a reduced inertia.

  The yoke 1, the, 7 carries at its inner periphery, a series of plates 6 in the form of an inverted letter U, arranged radially like radiating fins; each sheet 6 is disposed along a half-sagittal plane, that is to say a half-radial plane passing through the axis A; said sheets 6 are made of magnetic material having the highest permeability possible, such as tin-plated iron sheets or ferrite; alternatively, the plates 6 are grain oriented silicon alloy grain. The sheets 6 in the form of letter U, have their two branches of the U directed towards the axis A. Similarly, the assembly consisting of the aforesaid cylinder 5 and magnets A1, A2, located at each end of said cylinder 5, have a form of letter U, the two branches of the U being directed towards the sheets 6.

  The lengths of the sheets 6, along the axis A, are equivalent to the length of the cylinder 5; the width of each of the branches of the U of said sheets 6 is equal to the length of the magnets A1, A2, disposed at the ends of the cylinder 5; thus the two pole branches of the rotor RO are arranged vis-à-vis the two corresponding ends of the plates 6 of the ST stator; the radial distance which separates the end of the branches of the U from the plates 6 and the free face of the magnets A1, A2 constitutes the air gap between the rotor RO and the stator ST; this air gap is therefore equal to half the difference between the internal diameter of the armature 2884069 -11 which constitutes the stator ST, and the outside diameter of the inductor that constitutes the rotor RO.

  Between the various sheets, active sections Cn, C'n are arranged substantially parallel to the axis A and fill the frustoconical space defined by the two adjacent sheets, the internal diameter of the armature that constitutes the ST stator, and the internal diameter of the cylinder head 1, l ', 7. Said sections Cn, C'n, are powered by the bus BUA, BUB, BUc, according to the schematic representation unrolled flat, described above.

  Thus, by driving the rotor RO, that is to say by driving the magnets A1, A2, for a given speed, the rotating electrical machine becomes a generator, equivalent electromotive forces will appear respectively between the bus BUA and BUB of one hand, and between BUA and BUc buses on the other hand. Therefore, by supplying the bus BUA on the one hand and the bus BUB, BUc electrically connected, on the other hand, the rotating electrical machine becomes a motor having a double torque for an identical current in each of the conductors.

  In the example shown in FIG. 4, a first ply of electrical conductors, C1, C2, C3, C2, C1, C1, arranged parallel to one another, are powered by two buses, respectively BUA1. , BUB. A second layer of electrical conductors, C'1, C'2, C'3, ..., C'n, arranged parallel to each other, and in the same direction as that associated with the aforesaid first sheet, are powered by two buses, respectively BUA2, BUc.

  The aforesaid bus BUB, BUA2, are electrically connected by a link L; thus the power supply of these two layers is performed between the BUc bus on the one hand, and the bus BUA1 on the other hand; the current source being continuous, the currents flowing in the conductors C1, C2, C3, Cn_2, Cn_1, Cri, as well as the currents flowing in the conductors C'1, C'2, C'3, ..., C they converge respectively on the buses BUA1, BUA2, or diverge from the buses BUA1, BUA2, according to the polarity of said current source.

  Assuming that a first plurality of magnets, not shown, of north PN polarity are arranged parallel under the conductors C1, C2, C3, Cn_ 2, Cn_], Cn, and a second plurality of magnets, not shown , of south polarity PS are arranged parallel under the conductors C'1, C'2, C'3, ..., C'n_2, C'n, a force F, called Laplace, is exerted on the aforesaid conductors C1, C2, C3, Cn-2, Cn-], Cn, C '1, C'2, C'3, ..., C'n, equal to: 10 F = 1 LAH, I, being the current circulating in each of the conductors C1, C2, C3, Cn_2, Cn-1, Cn, C'1, C'2, C'3, ..., C'n-2, C'n, L, being the length of each of the conductors C1, C2, C3, Cn-2, Cn_1, Cn, C'2, c'3, ..., C'n-2, C'n-1, C'n, and H, being the intensity of the magnetic field created by the above magnets.

  Since the magnetic field conditions are homogeneous under the above two layers, the Laplace elementary forces add up, causing a relative movement of the aforesaid layers of conductors with respect to the plurality of magnets, in the plane containing the aforesaid layers.

  Figure 4 is a second schematic representation of the principle of the rotating electrical machine according to the invention; it is thus possible to double the counter-electromotive force (motor case) or to double the electromotive force (generator case) compared to the equivalent diagram of the POIRSON dynamo by supplying in series the electrical conductors associated with each of the branches of the generator. U what are the aforesaid sheets 6.

  In the example shown in FIGS. 5 and 3, the rotating machine consists of an external yoke comprising two flanges 1, 1 ', a cylinder 7, and a ring 8, integral with said flanges 1, 1'. which forms a generally cylindrical cage and constitutes a kind of external ST stator.

  Inside the cylinder head, an inner core is rotatably mounted about a central axis A; said inner core comprises a shaft 2, made of non-magnetic material, such as aluminum, rotatably mounted on two bearings 3, 4, sliding or rolling, and immobilized in translation; said core constitutes a kind of internal rotor RO.

  The aforesaid inner core consists of a cylinder 5 surrounding the aforesaid shaft 2, which cylinder 5 is made of magnetic material, having a high permeability, such as soft iron.

  Magnets A1, A2, of opposite magnetic polarity, which magnets A1, A2, are integral with the cylinder 5, at each of its ends. The yoke 1, 1 ', 7, 8 carries at its inner periphery, a series of plates 6 in the form of an inverted letter U, arranged radially like radiating fins; each sheet 6 is disposed along a half-sagittal plane, that is to say a half-radial plane passing through the axis A; said sheets 6 are made of magnetic material having the highest permeability possible, such as tin-plated iron sheets or ferrite; alternatively, the plates 6 are grain oriented silicon alloy grain. The sheets 6 in the form of letter U, have their two branches of the U directed towards the axis A. Similarly, the assembly consisting of the aforesaid cylinder 5 and magnets A1, A2, located at each end of said cylinder 5, have a form of letter U, the two branches of the U being directed towards the sheets 6.

  The lengths of the sheets 6, along the axis A, are slightly greater than the length of the cylinder 5, which sheets 6 each have, on either side of the branches of the U, a shoulder 6a, 6b, resting on the aforesaid crown 8; thus, 2884069 - 14 - when mounting said sheets 6, they will be immobilized radially, especially in the presence of magnets A1, A2.

  The width of each of the branches of the U of said sheets 6 is equal to the length of the magnets A1, A2, disposed at the ends of the cylinder 5; thus the two pole branches of the rotor RO are arranged vis-à-vis the two corresponding ends of the plates 6 of the ST stator; the radial distance which separates the end of the branches of the U from the plates 6 and the free face of the magnets A1, A2 constitutes the air gap between the rotor RO and the stator ST; this air gap is therefore equal to half of the difference between the internal diameter of the armature that constitutes the stator ST, and the outer diameter of the inductor that constitutes the rotor RO.

  Between the different sheets, active sections C ,,, are arranged substantially parallel to the axis A and fill the frustoconical space defined by the two adjacent sheets, the internal diameter of the armature that constitutes the stator ST, and the diameter internal of the cylinder head 1, 1 ', 7, 8. Said sections C ,,, C' ,,, are powered by the bus BUA, BUB, BUc, according to the schematic representation flat, described above.

  These rotating electrical machines constitute electric motors or electric generators reliable and good performance; they can be assimilated to the Poirson-Faraday dynamo, having similar electrical possibilities, that is to say strong currents and weak counter-electromotive forces, given the paralleling of the active parts of the electrical conductors.

  However, they have a number of advantages over the Poiron-Faraday dynamo: the sliding contacts required at both ends of the Poirson cylinder are eliminated, since all the electrical conductors, arranged between the above-mentioned plates 6, are fed at two points, either between the bus BUB, BUc, electrically connected on the one hand and the BUA bus on the other hand, according to the first configuration, or between the BUc bus on the one hand and BUA1 on the other hand, bus BUA2 and BUB being electrically connected, according to the second configuration, the only mass cylinder is the cylinder 5 on which are arranged 5 magnets A1, A2, thin.

  Thus, the lamination of the sheets allows a sectorization of the copper and a series connection of the active portions of the electrical conductors, which allows the adjustment of the counter-electromotive force ratio current; moreover, the inertias generated by the moving parts constituting the rotor are considerably reduced.

  It is therefore possible to consider rotating electrical machines of any size with great simplicity of assembly; thus sub-assemblies, sector-shaped, copper plates and conductors, previously assembled and impregnated or glued, may constitute the stator.

  In the example shown in FIG. 6, a first layer of electrical conductors, Cla, C2a, Ch "-, Cn-2a, Cn-la, Cna, arranged parallel to one another, are fed by two buses, respectively BUAa, BUBa.

  A second layer of electrical conductors, C'la, C'2a, C'3a, ..., C'n2a, la, C'na, arranged parallel to each other, and in the same direction as the associated one at the aforementioned first layer, are fed by the aforesaid BUAa bus and a BUca bus.

  The power supply of these two layers is performed between the bus BUBa or BUca bus on the one hand, and the bus BUAa on the other hand; the current source being continuous, the currents flowing in the conductors Cl a, C2a, C3a, Cn-2a, Cnla, Cna, as well as the currents flowing in the conductors C 'la, C'2a, C'3a, .. ., Con-2a, Cn-la, C'na, converge to bus BUAa, or diverge from bus BUAa, according to the polarity of said current source.

  These first two layers thus constitute a first sector SEa.

  A third ply of electrical conductors, Clb, C2b, C3b Cn2b, Cn-lb, Cab, arranged parallel to each other, are fed by two buses, respectively BUAb, BUBb.

  A fourth layer of electrical conductors, C'lb, C'2b, C'3b, ÉÉÉ, C'n-2b, Con-lb, C'nb, arranged parallel to each other, and in the same direction than that associated with the aforesaid third sheet, are fed by the aforesaid BUAb bus and BUcb bus.

  The aforesaid buses BUBa, BUca, are electrically connected to the bus BUAb respectively by electrical connections Lab, L'ab; thus the power supply of these two layers is carried out between the bus BUBb or the BUcb bus on the one hand, and the bus BUAb on the other hand.

  These third and fourth layers constitute a second sector SEb.

  A fifth layer of electrical conductors, Clc, C2c, C3c, Ca_2c, Ca_, Cnc, arranged parallel to each other, are fed by two buses, respectively BUAc, BUBc.

  A sixth ply of electrical conductors, C'1, C'2c, 1 ,, C'ne, arranged parallel to each other, and in the same direction as that associated with the aforesaid fifth ply, are fed by the aforesaid BUAC bus and bus BUce.

  The aforesaid buses BUBb, BUcb, are electrically connected to the bus BUAC respectively by electrical connections Lbc, L'bc; thus the power supply of these two layers is carried out between the bus BUBC or the bus BUc, on the one hand, and the bus BUAc on the other hand.

  On the other hand, the bus BUBc, BUce, are electrically connected respectively by electrical connections LCd, The cdÉ These fifth and sixth plies constitute a third sector SE ,.

  2884069 -17- The same approach can easily be deduced for the following sectors, it can be seen that these are fed in series, in this case between the BUAa bus and the common point of Lad links, The cd.

  In the example shown in FIG. 7, the rotating machine consists of an external yoke comprising two flanges 1, 1 'and a cylinder 7 integral with said flanges 1, 1' which forms a generally cylindrical cage and constitutes a sort of external stator ST.

  Inside the cylinder head, an inner core is rotatably mounted about a central axis A; said inner core comprises a shaft 2, made of non-magnetic material, such as aluminum, rotatably mounted on two bearings 3, 4, sliding or rolling, and immobilized in translation; said core constitutes a kind of internal rotor RO.

  The aforesaid inner core consists of a ring 5 surrounding the aforesaid shaft 2, which cylinder 5 is made of magnetic material, having a high permeability, such as soft iron.

  Magnets A1, A2, of opposite magnetic polarity, which magnets A1, A2, are integral with the ring 5, at each of its lateral faces.

  The cylinder head 1, the, 7 carries at its inner periphery, a series of plates 6 in the form of a coated letter C whose back of the C is parallel to the central axis A along the inner face of the aforesaid cylinder head radially arranged as radiating fins; each sheet 6 is disposed along a half-sagittal plane, that is to say a half-radial plane passing through the axis A; said sheets 6 are made of magnetic material having the highest permeability possible, such as tin-plated iron sheets or ferrite; alternatively, the plates 6 are grain oriented silicon alloy grain. The sheets 6 in the form of a letter C, have their two branches of C in the vicinity of the opening of the C directed towards the magnets A1, A2, located on each lateral face of said ring 5.

  The two pole branches of the rotor RO which constitute the magnets A1, A2, are arranged vis-à-vis the two corresponding ends of the plates 6 of the ST stator; the axial distance separating the end of the branches of C from the plates 6 and the free face of the magnets A1, A2 constitutes the two air gaps between the rotor RO and the stator ST.

  Between the different sheets, active sections Cna, Cnb, Cne are arranged substantially and respectively parallel to the axis A, perpendicular to the axis A, and parallel to the axis A, on the three branches of C, and fill the frustoconical space defined by the two adjacent plates, said sections Cna, Cnb, Cnc, are respectively fed by the bus BUAa, BUBa, BUAb, BUBb, BUAC, BUBc according to the schematic representation unrolled flat, described above.

  Thus, in this configuration, the individual counter-electromotive forces are added and the torques are multiplied accordingly; this type of structure makes it possible to minimize the volume of iron used.

  Moreover, given the reduced size that such a structure has, it is easily conceivable to juxtapose several motors on the same shaft by placing the inductors in series and avoid closing parts to obtain a force against -electromotive correct.

  One of the characteristics of acyclic rotating electrical machines lies in the need to obtain a constant magnetic flux in the air gap which requires homogeneity of the magnetic flux or excitation poles (permanent magnets or electromagnets), as well as constant thickness of the gap.

  The need to obtain a multiple counter-electromotive force of the basic counter-electromotive force (that equivalent to the POIRSON dynamo), with all the active conductors of the sectors connected to each other at each end, forces to connect layers of active conductors so that their counter-electromotive forces are added. This requires a passage of the central conductor between sheets, which has a significant thickness; it must be isolated and covered with an insulator and this set consisting of the electrical conductor and its insulation must be surrounded by a shield of sufficient thickness to attenuate the magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the conductor. To maintain a radial positioning of the sheets in these conditions, it is necessary to introduce in the space reserved for the passage of the shielded conductor, a magnetic part to maintain a homogeneous field in the gap. This magnetic piece of sufficient thickness and sector-shaped profile can be easily obtained by casting or cutting.

  In the example shown in Figure 8, the sheet 6 and its two shoulders 6a, 6b is shown in dotted lines. A magnetic part 9, shown in bold line, comprises an outer profile in shape correspondence with the profile of the aforesaid sheet 6; its width in the plane containing the sheet 6 is substantially constant and its general shape is therefore close to a U; moreover, in the vicinity of the base of the U, a recess, symmetrical on either side of the axis of symmetry of the part 9, keeps the sheet 6 at mid-height in the vicinity of its central cut-out, while leaving a passage for the electrical connecting conductors.

  The cross section of this part 9 will advantageously be sector-shaped, that is to say thin in the vicinity of its base, and of great thickness in the vicinity of its upper part, so as to compensate for the variation of the corresponding perimeter. the outer and inner diameters of the ring formed of sheets and electrical conductors.

  In the example shown in FIG. 9, the rotating machine consists of an external cylinder head comprising two flanges 1, 1 ', a cylinder 7, and a ring 8, integral with said flanges 1, 1' which form a generally cylindrical cage and constitutes a kind of external ST stator.

  Inside the yoke, an inner core is rotatably mounted about a central axis A; said inner core comprises a shaft 2, made of non-magnetic material, such as aluminum, rotatably mounted on two bearings 3, 4, sliding or rolling, and immobilized in translation; said core constitutes a kind of internal rotor RO.

  The aforesaid inner core consists of a cylinder 5 surrounding the aforesaid shaft 2, which cylinder 5 is made of magnetic material, having a high permeability, such as soft iron.

  Magnets AI, A2, of opposite magnetic polarity, which magnets AI, A2, 10 are integral with the cylinder 5, at each of its ends.

  The yoke 1, 1 ', 7, 8 carries at its inner periphery, a series of plates 6 in the form of an inverted letter U, arranged radially like radiating fins; each sheet 6 is disposed along a half-sagittal plane, that is to say a half-radial plane passing through the axis A; said sheets 6 are made of magnetic material having the highest permeability possible, such as tin-plated iron sheets or ferrite; alternatively, the plates 6 are grain oriented silicon alloy grain. The sheets 6 in the form of letter U, have their two branches of the U directed towards the axis A. Similarly, the assembly consisting of the aforesaid cylinder 5 and magnets AI, A2, located at each end of said cylinder 5, have a form of letter U, the two branches of the U being directed towards the sheets 6.

  The lengths of the sheets 6, along the axis A, are slightly greater than the length of the cylinder 5, which sheets 6 each have, on either side of the branches of the U, a shoulder 6a, 6b, resting on the aforesaid crown 8; thus, during the mounting of said sheets 6, they will be immobilized radially, especially in the presence of magnets AI, A2.

  The width of each of the branches of the U of said sheets 6 is equal to the length of the magnets AI, A2, disposed at the ends of the cylinder 5; thus the two pole branches of the rotor RO are arranged with respect to the two corresponding ends of the plates 6 of the stator ST; the radial distance separating the end of the branches of the U from the plates 6 and the free face of the magnets AI, A2 constitutes the gap between the rotor RO and the stator ST; this air gap is therefore equal to half of the difference between the internal diameter of the armature that constitutes the stator ST, and the outer diameter of the inductor that constitutes the rotor RO.

  Between the different plates, active sections Cn, C'n are arranged substantially parallel to the axis 0 and fill the frustoconical space defined by the two adjacent sheets, the internal diameter of the armature that constitutes the ST stator, and the internal diameter of the cylinder head 1, 1 ', 7, 8. Said sections Cn, C'n, are fed by the buses BUA, BUB, BUc, according to the schematic representation unrolled flat, described above.

  In order to obtain a counter-electromotive force that is a multiple of the basic counter-electromotive force (that equivalent to the POIRSON dynamo), the active conductor packets will be connected in series so that the counter-electromotive forces are added. ; as indicated above, this requires the passage of a central conductor between the aforesaid packets, which conductor must be insulated and surrounded by a magnetic shield so as to limit the magnetic field generated by the electric current flowing in said conductor.

  Thus, a conductor Cno and a shield Bno are arranged radially towards the inner periphery of the stator ST; the conductor Cno being electrically connected to the bus BUA.

  In the example shown in FIG. 10, the rotating machine consists of an external yoke comprising a cylinder 7, associated with the flanges 1, 1 ', not shown, which forms a generally cylindrical cage and constitutes a kind of external ST stator. .

  2884069 - 22 - Inside the cylinder head, an inner core is rotatably mounted about a central axis A; said inner core comprises a shaft 2, made of non-magnetic material, such as aluminum, rotatably mounted on two bearings 3, 4, not shown, sliding or rolling, and immobilized in translation; said core constitutes a kind of internal rotor RO.

  The aforesaid inner core consists of a cylinder 5 surrounding the aforesaid shaft 2, which cylinder 5 is made of magnetic material, having a high permeability, such as soft iron.

  Magnets A1, not shown, A2, of opposite magnetic polarity, which magnets A1, A2, are integral with the cylinder 5, at each of its ends.

  The yoke 1, the, 7 carries at its inner periphery, a series of plates 6 in the form of an inverted letter U, arranged radially like radiating fins; each sheet 6 is disposed along a half-sagittal plane, that is to say a half-radial plane passing through the axis A; in addition, said sheets 6 are grouped into packets; a package Pa consists of sheets 61a, 62a, ..., 6a; a package Pb consists of sheets 61b, 62b, ..., 6nb; these different packets of sheets Pa, Pb, are separated by magnetic pieces 9a, 9b, 9c, whose sections are sector-shaped, that is to say thin in the vicinity of its base, and of great thickness in the vicinity of its upper part, so as to compensate for the variation of the perimeter corresponding to the outer and inner diameters of the ring formed of sheets and electrical conductors.

  Between the various sheets, active sections are arranged substantially parallel to the axis A and fill the frustoconical space defined by the two adjacent sheets, the internal diameter of the armature that constitutes the stator ST, and the internal diameter of the cylinder head 1, the, 7. Said packets Pa, Pb, are fed in series, according to the schematic representation unrolled flat, described above.

  Advantageously, such a structure is simple: 2884069 23 - the rotor, consisting of its axis 2, the cylinder 5 and magnets A1, A2, can be introduced beforehand between the two flanges 1, 1 ', so as to avoid by following the penetration of the plates 6, the packets of metal sheets 6 and conductors C ,,, associated with the magnetic parts 9, can be previously assembled and impregnated with a resin.

  Thus, an automation of the assembly is possible given the general design of the acyclic rotating electrical machine according to the invention.

  In the example shown in FIG. 11, the rotating machine consists of an external yoke comprising two flanges 1, 1 'and a cylinder 7 integral with said flanges 1, 1' which forms a generally cylindrical cage and constitutes a sort of rotor or rotating carcass RO.

  Inside the cylinder head, a ring 5, in correspondence of shape with the internal shape of said cylinder head, made of magnetic material, is integral with said cylinder head; the radial section of said ring 5 is in the form of an inverted letter U, thus marrying the radial section of said rotary carcass in the shape of an inverted letter U.

  Magnets A1, A2, of opposite magnetic polarity, are integral with said ring 5 in the vicinity of the ends of the branches of the U of said ring 5, on their inner face.

  Said cylinder head is rotatably mounted about a central axis A via a shaft 2, made of non-magnetic material, and two bearings 3, 4, sliding or rolling, and immobilized in translation.

  Said shaft 2 comprises, in the vicinity of the central zone, a ring making it possible, in the vicinity of its periphery to support plates 6 in the form of a coated letter I, arranged radially like radiating fins; each sheet 6 is disposed along a half-sagittal plane, that is to say a half-radial plane passing through the axis A; said sheets 6 are made of magnetic material having the highest possible permeability, such as tin-plated iron or ferrite sheets; alternatively, the plates 6 are grain oriented silicon alloy grain.

  In order to ensure the maintenance of said sheets 6, a ring 10, whose main axis is collinear with the axis A, and whose width is close to the width of the aforesaid crown associated with the shaft 2, surrounds the plates 6, on either side of the amount of the letter I that constitutes the shape of said sheets 6. Between the various sheets, active sections C ,,, C ',,, are arranged substantially radially, perpendicular to the axis 0 , and fill the frustoconical space defined by two adjacent sheets. Said sections Cn, C ',,, are powered by buses according to the previously described configurations. A magnetic part 9, shown in dotted form, in the form of an inverted letter U, is disposed between the packs of sheets 6; said piece 9 is sector-shaped, that is to say of great thickness in the vicinity of its base, and thin in the vicinity of its upper part, so as to compensate for the variation of the perimeter corresponding to the outer and inner diameters of the crown made of sheets and electrical conductors.

  The assembly comprising the axis 2, the ring gear 10, the plates 6, the electrical conductors C 1, C 1, and the magnetic parts 9, constitute an ST stator. Thus, the acyclic rotating electrical machine according to the invention can be applied in the field of magnetic induction motors or in the field of electromagnetic induction generators; advantageously it applies to the machine with fixed carcass or rotating carcass; it can be configured in axial or radial magnetic field, by means of rectangular or square sheets, in the form of letter U or in the form of letter I. Thanks to the packing of the sheets, it is possible to control the electromotive forces or against -electromotor and the current flowing in the windings.

  Finally, the general design allows automation of the assembly of the various constituent elements of the acyclic rotating electrical machine according to the invention.

Claims (8)

- 26 - Claims   1. A DC acyclic rotating electrical machine comprising: a plurality of electrical excitation conductors or wound inductors, and at least one magnetic cylinder (5) whose main axis is collinear with the axis of rotation (A). ) of the rotating machine, having on its outer periphery, in the vicinity of each of its ends, a ring of magnets (A1, A2) of magnetic poles of identical polarity, the polarity of each of said magnet rings being opposite, so that the magnetic flux circulates substantially in the radial plane containing the axis of rotation (A) of the rotating machine, characterized in that the plurality of electrical conductors have active parts (Cn, C'n) extending substantially in parallel to the axis of rotation (0) of the rotating machine, and deposited between thin sheets (6) of sufficient magnetic permeability and high magnetic susceptibility, spaced closely, which s are arranged radially, so that the magnetic flux generated by the aforesaid magnet rings (A1, A2) circulating in the radial plane closes in the thin sheets forming the wound coil, the active parts (Cn, C'n ) of said plurality of electric excitation conductors or wound inductor, are supplied in parallel and in opposite direction respectively opposite said magnet rings (A1, A2), the assembly consisting of the plurality of electrical excitation conductors or Coiled armature and magnet rings form magnetic air-gap circuits in which the magnetic flux flows along the radial plane containing the rotating axis (A) of the rotating machine.   2884069 - 27 - 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that each thin sheet (6) has a shape of letter U, the two branches of the U being directed towards the aforesaid magnet rings (A1, A2), the aforesaid active parts ( Cn, C'n) of said plurality of electrical excitation conductors are arranged on each of the two branches of the U. 3. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that each thin sheet (6) has a coated letter C form whose back C is parallel to the aforementioned axis of rotation (A), the two branches of C in the vicinity of the opening of the C being directed towards the aforesaid magnet rings (A1, A2), which magnet rings (A1, A2), are arranged radially around the axis of rotation (A), the aforesaid active parts (Ca , C'n) of said plurality of electrical excitation conductors are disposed on each of the three branches of C. 4. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that each thin sheet (6) has a shape of I lying, the two ends of the I being directed towards the aforesaid magnets crowns (A1, A2), which magnet crowns (A1, A2), are arranged radially around the axis of rotation (A), the aforesaid active parts (Ca, C'n) of said plurality of electrical excitation conductors are arranged radially, perpendicularly to said axis of rotation (AT).   5. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the said 25 sheets (6) and the aforesaid plurality of electrical excitation conductors constitute packets (Pa, Pb) in the form of sectors.   6. Machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the aforesaid packets (Pa, Pb) shaped sectors are connected in series by the conductors (Cn0).   2884069 - 28 - 7. Machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the aforesaid packets (Pa, Pb) shaped sectors are separated by magnetic pieces (9a, 9b, 9c), U-shaped, whose cross sections are shaped sector, that is to say thin in the vicinity of the base, and thick in the vicinity of the upper part.   8. Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the aforesaid conductors (Cao) are surrounded by magnetic shielding (B o).