EP3110568B1 - Ballistische separatortrommel für feuchte materialien - Google Patents

Ballistische separatortrommel für feuchte materialien Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3110568B1
EP3110568B1 EP15708312.2A EP15708312A EP3110568B1 EP 3110568 B1 EP3110568 B1 EP 3110568B1 EP 15708312 A EP15708312 A EP 15708312A EP 3110568 B1 EP3110568 B1 EP 3110568B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ballistic separator
slat
connector
separator drum
ballistic
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
Application number
EP15708312.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3110568A1 (de
Inventor
Danilo Molteni
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Sgm Magnetics SpA
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Sgm Magnetics SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
    • B07B13/10—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices using momentum effects

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ballistic separators, and in particular to a ballistic separator drum for the treatment of a stream of moist material containing particles of different grain size.
  • a typical application of this separator is in the treatment of heavy ash from incineration of solid urban waste and the like, quenched in water and thus having a moisture content of 10-20%.
  • the ash is treated to separate smaller particles from larger particles and then be able to proceed through other techniques to recover any metals possibly present in the larger grain size that is less humid as a result of the action of the separator.
  • Specific reference will be made in the following to this application, while being clear that what is said also applies to other streams composed of a material soaked with water and scarcely compact in which are dispersed compact particles that do not absorb water (typically metal, plastic and the like) .
  • a ballistic separator is basically composed of a feed device, typically a conveyor belt, which conveys the material to be treated to an underlying motorized drum that rotates rapidly about an axis arranged perpendicular to the feed direction.
  • the traditional structure of the drum of a ballistic separator consists of a cylinder provided with a plurality of evenly spaced longitudinal throw slats, usually from two to four, which extend radially outward from the circumference of the cylinder and hit the material falling from the feed device thus projecting the different components of the material at different distances depending on the properties of each component, so as to achieve the separation.
  • the throw slats have radial impact faces and therefore must hit the material in a vertical or nearly vertical position in order for the initial throw direction of the material to be substantially perpendicular to the fall trajectory, such a limitation resulting in a throw "fan" with a rather limited angle.
  • the parameters that can be varied to adapt the separator to the different characteristics of the material to be treated are only the rotational speed of the drum, the feeding speed of the material and the position of the point of fall of the material with respect to the drum.
  • these three parameters affect each other whereby their adjustment ranges are rather limited, for example the feeding speed and the point of fall must take into account the position and the frequency of passage of the drum slats to obtain a correct impact on the material as described above.
  • the throw slats of the drum have impact faces with a radially proximal end more advanced, in the direction of rotation, than the radially distal end whereby the angle ⁇ between the diametral plane containing said distal end and the impact face instead of being nothing has a value comprised between about 15° and 55°, said inclination being optionally adjustable.
  • Such an angle ⁇ is necessary for the type of material treated by these separators but said inclination is not sufficient to solve the aforementioned problems in the treatment of a stream of moist material comprising components of the material that are richer in water and less compact.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a ballistic separator drum which overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks.
  • This object is achieved by the ballistic separator drum in accordance with claim 1, in which the impact face of the throw slats has a linear development inclined according to angle ⁇ which is radiused in a distal portion to an involute-shaped curved segment over a height indicatively equal to 17 ⁇ 5% of the overall height of the slat, said slats being preferably replaceable.
  • a first important advantage of the drum according to the present invention is to ensure that in any case the trajectory of the compact components contained in the material that is impacted by the distal portion has a range sufficient to reach the recovery zone of the "positive”, i.e. material with low moisture content, mechanically firm and with a high presence of metal, going beyond the collection area of the waste, i.e. the material soaked with water, of low mechanical consistency, of small or very small size and negligible or very reduced presence of metal.
  • a second significant advantage of this drum stems from the fact of being able to generate a broader throw "fan" which results in a better separation of the various components of the material. This allows to considerably extend the scope of operation of the separator, for example making it capable of treating material with particles up to 40 mm and/or moisture content of up to 30%.
  • Still another advantage of the present drum in its preferred embodiment, is derived from the use of easily replaceable throw slats so as to minimize the downtime when the separator must be adjusted to treat a different material or even just for the replacement of worn slats.
  • a ballistic separator provided with a ballistic separator drum 1 conventionally includes a low-adhesion conveyor belt 2, driven by a variable speed motor 3, which conveys the material to be treated loaded through a hopper 4 provided with an output gate 5 for adjusting the thickness of the material layer.
  • the conveyor belt 2 is provided with means for adjusting its position relative to drum 1, being mounted on slides whose position is defined by worms. In this way it is possible to properly set the fall trajectory of the material to make it coincide with the impact face of the throw slat 6 of the underlying drum 1 that rotates rapidly, driven by a variable speed motor 7, about an axis disposed perpendicular to the feed direction of the material.
  • Drum 1 conventionally includes a steel cylinder 8 on which there are welded end flanges 9 which are then keyed on a shaft 10, coaxial to cylinder 8 and coupled to motor 7 by means of an elastic coupling 11.
  • cylinder 8 is provided with a plurality of evenly spaced longitudinal slats 6, typically two slats placed at a distance of 180° as in the illustrated example, or three placed at 120° or four placed at 90°.
  • the angle ⁇ between the diametral plane containing the distal end and the impact face 6a has a value comprised between 5° and 45°, preferably between 5° and 30°, and more preferably between 5° and 15° as in the embodiment illustrated in these figures.
  • angle ⁇ makes it possible to operate the separator with variable fall trajectories of the material by adjusting the position and the speed of the conveyor belt 2, since it is possible to arrange for each trajectory a specific inclination of the impact face 6a so as to obtain every time that the initial throw direction of the material is substantially orthogonal to the fall trajectory.
  • This allows to optimize both the flow rate of the material as a function of its grain size and the dehumidification of the compact components to be recovered and the concentration of metal therein.
  • the feeding speed of the material can be increased to achieve a higher productivity of the separator, i.e. a higher hourly output of treated material.
  • a first novel aspect of the present ballistic separator drum resides in the fact that the impact face 6a has a linear development inclined according to angle ⁇ which is radiused in the distal portion 6a' to an involute-shaped curved segment over a height d indicatively equal to 17 ⁇ 5% of the overall height of the slat 6.
  • said distal portion 6a' has always the same shape regardless of the angle of inclination of face 6a, in the illustrated example 5° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 15°, for ensuring that in any case the trajectory of the compact components contained in the material that is impacted by portion 6a' has a range sufficient to reach the recovery zone of the "positive" going beyond the collection area of the waste.
  • the conveyor belt 2 can operate at a speed of 0,2 m/s and the impact face 6a must be inclined at least 5°, for intermediate particle size up to 25-30 mm the conveyor belt 2 can operate at a speed of 0,5 m/s and the impact face 6a must have an angle of inclination ⁇ of about 15°, and for smaller particle size up to 15-20 mm the conveyor belt 2 can operate at a speed of 0,8 m/s and the impact face 6a must have an angle ⁇ of approximately 30°.
  • a second novel aspect of this ballistic separator drum in its preferred embodiment, is therefore given by the possibility of easily replacing slats 6 to adapt drum 1 to the material to be treated, while maintaining the most stringent conditions for a safe operation necessary for an element that rotates so quickly.
  • This aspect is illustrated with reference also to figures 5 to 8 , in which slats 6 are represented without the distal portion 6a' for the sake of simplicity.
  • Each slat 6 is provided on its rear face, i.e. the face opposite to the impact face 6a, with a series of longitudinally aligned recesses 6b, a plurality of threaded holes 6c and a longitudinal tooth 6d facing towards the distal end of slat 6.
  • These features are used to secure slat 6 to a connector 12 which is integral with cylinder 8, being inserted with a matching shape in a longitudinal T-shaped groove 8a prior to welding flanges 9.
  • connector 12 is welded to cylinder 8.
  • slat 6 is frontally hooked to connector 12 through tooth 6d which engages a matching longitudinal tooth 12a formed on the front face of connector 12 and facing cylinder 8.
  • This frontal undercut hooking between teeth 6d and 12a is made possible by a chamfer 6e at the base of the rear face of slat 6, and is maintained by means of eccentric studs 13 which engage recesses 6b by passing through corresponding threaded holes 12b formed in connector 12 ( Fig.7 ).
  • the centrifugal push provided by the eccentric studs 13 guarantees the perfect coupling of the two parts 6 and 12 through their respective hooking teeth 6d and 12a. This coupling is subsequently secured by locking screws 14 which engage the threaded holes 6c by passing through corresponding holes 12c formed in connector 12 ( Fig.6 ).
  • This mounting system allows to ensure the perfect holding of the throw slat 6, effectively counteracting the centrifugal force and maintaining over time a good stability and balance.
  • the simple removal of the eccentric studs 13 and of the locking screws 14 allows an easy replacement of slat 6 in case of wear and especially when it must be replaced with another slat having a different inclination ⁇ of the impact face 6a, according to the functional features described above.
  • cover 15 is also preferably provided on the rear face of connector 12 to which cover 15 is hooked and fixed in a manner similar to that of slat 6 to overcome the centrifugal force and maintain balancing.
  • cover 15 is provided on its front face with a longitudinal tooth 15a which, thanks to a base chamfer 15b, engages an undercut 12e formed on the rear face of connector 12, and is finally locked by screws 16 which engage threaded holes 12d formed in connector 12 by passing through corresponding holes 15c formed in cover 15.
  • Fig.9 shows schematically the separator of Fig.1 completed with a safety tunnel 16 arranged above the collection areas S, P of the waste and positive respectively (e.g. two conveyor belts or two hoppers).
  • a safety tunnel 16 arranged above the collection areas S, P of the waste and positive respectively (e.g. two conveyor belts or two hoppers).
  • baffles 17, 17', 17" arranged at various heights and distances along the trajectories so as to intercept and drop the separated materials into the collection area P of the positive.
  • the inclination of said baffles may vary between 46° and 90° from the horizontal, and they can have a pre-load for damping the impact that is adjustable as needed, i.e. depending on the mass and velocity of the materials to be intercepted.
  • This separation plant is thus suitable to treat various types of moist granular material (moisture content 10-30%, grain size up to 40 mm) with the presence of metals and other solid materials to be concentrated and dehumidified for a subsequent specific separation, for example through iron removal equipment, eddy current separators, gravity tables, airsifting etc.
  • the above-described and illustrated embodiment of the ballistic separator drum according to the invention is just an example susceptible of various modifications.
  • the mounting of slats 6 on connectors 12 as well as the fixing of connectors 12 to cylinder 8 may be made through means mechanically equivalent to those provided in the present description.
  • the size and number of slats 6 and other elements of the plant which includes the present ballistic separator drum 1 may vary according to specific constructive requirements.
  • the plant used for the above-mentioned tests has the following characteristics:

Landscapes

  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Ballistische Separatortrommel (1), umfassend einen Zylinder (8), der mit einer Vielzahl von gleichmäßig verteilten, in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Schleuderleisten (6) versehen ist, die sich in einer substantiell radialen Richtung erstrecken und mit einer in die Drehrichtung des ballistischen Separators (1) weisenden Aufprallfläche (6a) versehen sind, wobei die besagte Aufprallfläche (6a) ein radial innenliegendes, in der Rotationsrichtung weiter vorgeschobenes Ende aufweist als das radial außenliegende Ende, und wobei der Winkel (α) zwischen derjenigen diametralen Ebene, die das außenliegende Ende enthält, und der Aufprallfläche (6a) einen Wert zwischen 5° und 45° aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufprallfläche (6a) einen linearen, gemäß dem besagten Winkel (α) geneigten Verlauf aufweist, der in einem außenliegenden Bereich (6a') aberundet ist zu einem Segment, das über eine Höhe (d), die gleich 17±5% der Gesamthöhe der Leiste (6) ist, gemäß einer Evolventenform gewölbt ist.
  2. Ballistische Separatortrommel gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Winkel (α) zwischen 5° und 30° ist, bevorzugt zwischen 5° und 15°.
  3. Ballistische Separatortrommel gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner Mittel zur lösbaren Befestigung der Leisten (6) an dem Zylinder (8) umfasst.
  4. Ballistische Separatortrommel gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur abnehmbaren Befestigung zusammenpassende Mittel zum Einhaken umfassen, die an der Rückseite der Leiste (6) und an der Vorderseite eines entsprechenden Verbindungsanschlusses (12), der mit dem Zylinder (8) eine Einheit bildet, ausgeformt sind, sowie auch Befestigungsmittel, die dazu geeignet sind, das Einhaken durch Einführen in entsprechenden Aufnahmen, welche jeweils an der Rückseite der Leisten (6) ausgeformt sind sowie in dem besagten Verbindungsanschluss (12), zu sichern.
  5. Ballistische Separatortrommel gemäß Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zusammenpassenden Einhakmittel an der Rückseite der Leisten (6) aus einem sich in Längsrichtung erstreckenden Zahn (6d) bestehen, der dem außenliegenden Ende der Leiste zugewandt ist, und an der Vorderseite des Verbindungsanschlusses (12) aus einem in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Zahn (12a), der dem Zylinder (8) zugewandt ist, wobei die Rückseite der Leiste (6) mit einer unterseitigen Anfasung (6e) versehen ist, die dazu geeignet ist, das frontale Unterhaken der besagten Zähne (6d, 12a) zu ermöglichen.
  6. Ballistische Separatortrommel gemäß Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Befestigungsmittel aus exzentrischen Stehbolzen (13) bestehen, die in Ausnehmungen (6b) in der Leiste (6) eingreifen, indem sie durch entsprechende Gewindebohrungen (12b), in dem Verbindungsanschluss (12) hindurchtreten, sowie aus Verriegelungsschrauben (14), welche in Gewindebohrungen (6c) in der Leiste (6) eingreifen, indem sie durch entsprechende Löcher (12c) in dem Verbindungsanschluss (12) hindurchtreten.
  7. Ballistische Separatortrommel gemäß einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner eine Abdeckung (15) umfasst, die an der Rückseite des Verbindungsanschlusses (12) befestigt ist, um die Befestigungsmitteln zu schützen.
  8. Ballistische Separatortrommel gemäß Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorderseite der Abdeckung (15) mit einem in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Zahn (15a) und mit einer unterseitigen Anfasung (15b) versehen ist, die dazu geeignet ist, es dem besagten, in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Zahn (15a) zu ermöglichen, frontal in eine Hinterschneidung (12e) an der Rückseite des Verbindungsanschlusses (12) einzurasten, wobei die Abdeckung (15) mittels Schrauben (16) verschlossen wird, welche in Gewindebohrungen (12d) des Verbindungsanschlusses (12) eingreifen, indem sie durch entsprechende Löcher (15c) in der Abdeckung (15) hindurchtreten.
  9. Ballistischer Separator, umfassend ein adhäsionsarmes, von einem drehzahlvariablen Motor (3) angetriebenes Förderband (2), auf welches das zu behandelnde Material mittels eines Trichters (4) aufgeladen wird, der mit einer Auslassöffnung (5) versehen ist zur Einstellung der Dicke der Materialschicht auf dem besagten Förderband (2), das mit einem Mittel versehen ist zur Einstellung seiner Position bezüglich einer darunter liegenden Trommel (1), die, angetrieben von einem drehzahlvariablen Motor (7), um eine Achse rotiert, die rechtwinklig zu der Förderrichtung des Materials angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagte Trommel (1) eine ballistische Separatortrommel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche ist.
  10. Ballistischer Separator gemäß Anspruch 9, umfassend einen Sicherheitstunnel (16), der oberhalb von Abfalsammelbereichen (S, P) für den Abfall bzw. den Wertstoff angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er ferner in dem Endbereich des besagten Tunnels (16) einstellbare und oszillierende Prallbleche (17, 17', 17") umfasst, die in verschiedenen Höhen und Abständen entlang der Flugbahnen der getrennten Materialien angeordnet sind, um sie abzufangen und in den Sammelbereich (P) für den Wertstoff fallen zu lassen.
  11. Ballistischer Separator gemäß Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Neigung der besagten Prallbleche (17, 17', 17") zwischen 46° und 90° gegenüber der Horizontalen variabel ist.
  12. Ballistischer Separator gemäß Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Prallbleche (17, 17', 17") unter Vorspannung stehen, um den Aufprall der getrennten Materialien zu dämpfen.
EP15708312.2A 2014-02-28 2015-01-29 Ballistische separatortrommel für feuchte materialien Not-in-force EP3110568B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI20140313 2014-02-28
PCT/IB2015/050681 WO2015128753A1 (en) 2014-02-28 2015-01-29 Ballistic separator drum for moist materials

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EP3110568A1 EP3110568A1 (de) 2017-01-04
EP3110568B1 true EP3110568B1 (de) 2018-12-05

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US10751723B2 (en) 2017-04-26 2020-08-25 Adr Technology B.V. Method and apparatus for liberating particles from moist MSWI ash
DE102017110778A1 (de) * 2017-05-17 2018-11-22 Albert Huthmann GmbH & Co KG Vorrichtung zum Homogenisieren und Trennen von Stoffgemischen aus Teilchen
IT201700061106A1 (it) * 2017-06-05 2018-12-05 Rmb S P A Impianto e procedimento per il recupero di metalli non ferrosi dalla frazione fine di cenere bagnata proveniente da inceneritori

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DE72777C (de) K. NAUMANN, Hauptmann z. D., in Schlettau, Sachsen Getreideschleuder mit liegender Welle
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WO2015128753A1 (en) 2015-09-03

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