EP3106655A1 - Hydraulische durchströmturbine - Google Patents

Hydraulische durchströmturbine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3106655A1
EP3106655A1 EP16174499.0A EP16174499A EP3106655A1 EP 3106655 A1 EP3106655 A1 EP 3106655A1 EP 16174499 A EP16174499 A EP 16174499A EP 3106655 A1 EP3106655 A1 EP 3106655A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
rotor
turbine
flap
water inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16174499.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3106655B1 (de
Inventor
Fabien BERGHEAUD
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydro Meca SA
Original Assignee
Bergheaud Ets
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bergheaud Ets filed Critical Bergheaud Ets
Priority to SI201630601T priority Critical patent/SI3106655T1/sl
Publication of EP3106655A1 publication Critical patent/EP3106655A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3106655B1 publication Critical patent/EP3106655B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B7/00—Water wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/24—Rotors for turbines
    • F05B2240/244—Rotors for turbines of the cross-flow, e.g. Banki, Ossberger type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a through-flow hydraulic turbine.
  • a hydraulic turbine was imagined in 1903 by A.G.M. Mitchell and subsequently improved by D. Banki. It is commonly referred to as "Banki Turbine or Banki Turbine”.
  • This turbine is of simple construction and it has three main parts: a controlled water inlet, a drum-shaped wheel provided with profiled peripheral blades and whose rotation shaft is connected to an electric generator and an output of water.
  • the invention aims to provide a through-flow hydraulic turbine, thus of Banki type, easy construction and maintenance while having an optimized performance and operation with an optimal and simple security.
  • the subject of the invention is a flow-through hydraulic turbine, comprising at least one water inlet controlled by a movable flap between a first open position and a second closed position of the water inlet.
  • a drum-shaped rotor provided with profiled peripheral blades, the rotation shaft of which is connected to an electric generator, and a water outlet, the water inlet comprising a pipe having a zone close to its open end in contact with the periphery of the rotor is non-rectilinear, the curvature of said zone being non-circular and in that the control flap of the water inlet is, in the open position, aligned with a guide member fixed water located in said non-rectilinear zone, characterized in that a spring holds the flap in the closed position, in the event of failure of the control members and stopping the rotation of the turbine.
  • the water enters the turbine When the water enters the turbine, it is guided and set in motion in a direction allowing the water, when entering the rotor, so during its passage between two neighboring blades, to have an optimal speed.
  • the initial movement of the water entering the rotor induced by the configuration of the outlet of the water inlet pipe makes it possible to avoid, or at least to limit as far as possible, the shocks of the water on the vanes or the rotational shaft of the rotor. In this way, the flow is smoothly optimized at the rotor.
  • the turbine in case of failure of the turbine or electrical failure, the turbine is secured automatically by the spring which will maintain the shutter in the closed position, thus stopping the arrival of water and this makes the rotation of the rotor.
  • the use of such a spring makes it possible to dispense with any electrical, pneumatic or, more generally, requiring a power source.
  • the solution is purely mechanical and a reduced size, which reduces the size of the turbine.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a turbine 1 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the turbine 1 illustrated in the various figures corresponds to an embodiment of a so-called picoturbine turbine, for implementation in a watercourse to produce from 5 kW to 15 kW.
  • Such a turbine 1 is easy to implement either alone or associated with other turbines, identical or otherwise, or even other devices for generating electricity, whether from water or another energy source.
  • the turbine 1 comprises a base 2, advantageously fixed to the ground, above a point of evacuation of water, not visible.
  • the base 2 is provided with an opening 3, here rectangular, visible to the figure 2 .
  • This opening 3 is adapted to ensure the evacuation of the turbine outlet water, whether in a stream, a body of natural or artificial water or in a channel. It is conceivable that one can have several turbines 1, identical or not in series, the water outlet of a turbine indirectly supplying water to the next turbine.
  • a chassis 4 which defines a closed volume receiving the various components of the turbine 1.
  • the end of the housing 5 receiving the central shaft, therefore the rotation shaft, of the rotor, is visible on a sidewall 40 of the frame 4.
  • a water inlet 6 is provided in the upper part of the frame 4, more particularly on a side 43 forming another side chassis 4, a water inlet 6 is provided.
  • the water inlet is formed by a cutout 6 formed in a wall 43 allowing the entry of water from the outside into direction of the interior of the turbine 1.
  • the water inlet 6 is connected to a penstock, not shown.
  • it is a pipe bringing by gravity water to the turbine.
  • the water inlet 6 is fed by a water pipe connected to a lifting pump.
  • the water supply is performed by a pipe, such a turbine not being adapted to be fed directly by a waterfall in an open environment.
  • the openings 3 and 6 are of suitable size and shape to provide similar inlet flow and turbine water output.
  • a plate 7 forms a support for receiving an electric generator, known per se and not illustrated.
  • the generator is located elsewhere than on the plate 7, near the turbine 1.
  • a jack 8 and a spring 9 are visible on the flank 40, at the figure 1 .
  • This jack 8 is connected at one end to the base 2 and, at the other end, to a control rod of a valve, not visible. The operation of these elements will be specified later.
  • a steering wheel 10 On a flank 41, visible at the figure 2 opposite and parallel to the flank 40, a steering wheel 10 is fixed. It is driven directly in rotation by the central shaft 11 of the rotor 110 on which it is mounted.
  • the flywheel 10 is connected by a belt, not shown, to a drive shaft of the generator or coupled directly to the generator or a multiplier. In other words, the flywheel 10 provides the connection between the turbine 1 and the electricity generator.
  • blades 12 of the rotor 110 are visible from the water outlet 3 formed in the base 2.
  • the vanes 12 are configured in elongated plates, not planar.
  • the concavities of the blades 12 are oriented in the same direction, namely in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor 110.
  • the vanes 12 extend at a given angle, from the central shaft 11 towards the outside. of the rotor 110.
  • the blades 12 are entirely housed in the frame 4, in the volume delimited, on the one hand, by the parallel flanks 40, 41 and on the other hand, by the two other flanks 42, 43, parallel, defining the two other sides of the frame 4 and perpendicular to the flanks 40, 41.
  • a closed support 13 houses engine and / or control members of the turbine 1. This is, for example, the hydraulic unit actuating the cylinder 8.
  • the figure 3 because of the deletion of the sidewall 40, makes it possible to visualize the inside of the turbine 1, at the level of the active elements, that is to say movable elements thereof, namely the rotor 110 and a shutter control 17 of the water flow arriving on the rotor 110.
  • the blades 12 are held in position, namely regularly spaced apart and arranged so that their largest dimensions or length D12 are parallel to the longitudinal axis A11 of the central shaft 11, by discs 15. These funds are, in the example, three in number. They maintain the blades 12 by the ends thereof and at least one other point located between the ends of the blades, for example at a distance of one third of the length D12. It is conceivable that the number, the distribution and / or the size of the discs 15 are adapted to the geometry of the rotor 110.
  • the discs 15 comprise slots forming receiving housings of the free ends 120 of the blades 12.
  • the central disc 15 is traversed right through by the vanes 12.
  • the discs 15 are advantageously fixed permanently on the shaft 11.
  • Such a configuration implies that the rotor 110 is hollow and open, the water being able to circulate freely between the periphery of the rotor and the central part, thus the shaft 11, of the rotor 110.
  • the water inlet 6 forms the outlet of an open conduit 60, located inside the frame 4.
  • the pipe 60 is of rectangular cross section, so here, of similar shape to that water supply 6.
  • Line 60 provides food in water from the rotor 110 from the inlet 6, it being understood that the inlet 6 constitutes de facto one of the open ends of the pipe 60.
  • the open end 61 of the pipe 60 provides the water supply of the rotor 110.
  • the pipe 60 and the water inlet 6 are horizontal. Alternatively, they can be oriented angularly between 0 ° and plus or minus 90 ° relative to the horizontal.
  • the end 61 is defined by, on the one hand, an inclined plane 62 and, on the other hand, by a curved zone 600 of the pipe 60, a portion of which is rectilinear and substantially parallel to the plane 62.
  • the zone 600 is curved along a non-circular curve.
  • the end 61 of the pipe 60 is positioned angularly relative to the peripheral edge of the rotor 110 which is defined by the edges of larger dimensions of the blades 12.
  • the contact zone between the water and the rotor 110 is thus located on a upper quarter of the rotor 110, as is particularly apparent from figures 4 and 5 .
  • the length of the rectangular cross section of the pipe 60 is the same as the length of the blades 12, which makes it possible to supply water similarly to all the points of the periphery of the rotor 110 located under the outlet 61.
  • a guide member 16 is mounted in the pipe 60.
  • This member 16 formed by a profiled metal plate, extends over the entire length of the cross section of the end 61.
  • the plate 16 is curved, its curvature being adapted to that of the portion 600 of the pipe 60, so the plate 16 is curved in a non-circular curvature.
  • the plate 16 is fixed substantially in the median position in the pipe 60, near the end 61, at the curved portion 600.
  • the end 61 is divided into two similar ends 610, 611. the presence of the guide member 16.
  • the plate 16 is in a position other than the median position and / or its curvature is different from the curvature of the zone 600.
  • a non-circular curved trajectory is induced to the water entering the rotor.
  • Such a trajectory not only allows the initial movement of the water to be non-radial and efficiently directed on the rotor 110 but also that the passage of water between two adjacent blades 12 is optimal, that is to say that the water does not strike perpendicularly the concave face of the blades but rather flows following the curvature of the concavity.
  • one end 160 of the plate 16 is angularly disposed at the rotor 110.
  • the opposite end 161 is located in the vicinity of a control flap 17 of the water supply, therefore de facto a flow control flap of water.
  • This component 17, particularly visible at figure 6 is an elongated metal plate whose cross section is shaped like a spindle or airplane wing salmon. In other words it has a hydrodynamic shape, its tapered end 170 being positioned closer to the end 161 of the guide member 16.
  • the flap 17, regardless of its position is never in the vicinity of the blades 12 of the rotor 110, and therefore never in contact with the latter.
  • the flap 17 only participates in the regulation of the water flow rate on the rotor 110, it does not participate in guiding the flow of water.
  • the flap 17 is rotatable about a shaft 18 between a first position, opening, where it allows a maximum passage of water and a second position, closing, where it prohibits any passage of water.
  • the rotation shaft 18 is offset relative to the center of gravity of the flap 17, so that the passage, by pivoting the flap 17 between the first open position, shown in FIGS. Figures 5 and 6 , and the second closed position, illustrated in figure 3 is facilitated, or even initiated by the water flowing in the pipe 60.
  • the second closed position is the equilibrium position of the flap 17 so that the stop rotation of the rotor 110, and therefore the stop turbine 1 and electricity generation is favored, which is a factor of safety.
  • the equilibrium position that tends to take the flap 17 is a position of securing the turbine, closing the water inlet.
  • the second closed position is illustrated at figure 3 .
  • the end 170 of the flap 17 is then resting on the inclined plane 62 of the pipe 60 while the other end 171 of the flap 17, opposite the end 170, bears on the part 600.
  • seals for example elastomer, are provided at these contact areas, in order, on the one hand, to ensure tightness and, on the other hand, to limit the mutual wear of the organs in touch.
  • FIG. 4 An intermediate position of the flap 17 is illustrated in the figure 4 wherein the flap 17 is substantially in the open position, its end 170 being close to the contact with the end 161 of the guide plate 16. In such an intermediate position, the water feeds the rotor 110 but the position of the flap 17 n is not aligned with the water flow and the plate 16.
  • the open position is particularly visible at the figure 6 .
  • the flap 17 is in the extension of the guide member 16 which itself is fixed, so that their respective ends 161 and 170 are in non-locking contact, the tapered end 170 of the flap being adjacent to the end 161 of the guide member 16.
  • the assembly formed by the flap 17 and the guide member 16 ensures a laminar flow directed water entering the rotor 110, so that the rotation, and therefore the yield, of the latter is optimal.
  • the water flows through the pipe 60 and falls on the rotor 110.
  • the path of the water on the rotor is illustrated by the arrow F at the figure 5 .
  • the water enters the rotor 110 through the spaces 121 formed between the blades 12 and, because of the orientation of the concavity thereof, rotates, according to the arrow R, the rotor 110 .
  • the water After passing through the spaces 121 formed between the blades 12, the water flows by gravity into the space 111 separating the blades 12 and the shaft 11 of the rotor 110. The water then flows out, by gravity, from the rotor 110 by the spaces 121 between the blades 12 located in the lower part of the rotor 110. As illustrated in FIG. figure 5 due to the rotation of the rotor 110 and thus the centrifugal force experienced by the water, the latter leaves the rotor 110 not vertically from its entry point but upstream of the latter, that is to say say substantially perpendicular to the rectilinear portion 601 of the pipe 60 which is located between the inlet 6 and the curved zone 600. During this outlet movement, the water pushes the blades 12 according to the arrow R.
  • the water enters the rotor 110 by effecting a thrust on the blades oriented from the outside of the rotor 110 in the direction of the shaft 11 and leaves the rotor by pushing, in the same direction on the blades 12, thus directed outwardly of the rotor 110 from the shaft 11.
  • the water flows by gravity into the opening 3 of the base 2 in a water outlet channel, or a pipe, which can, for example, feed another turbine 1 or another device for producing energy, provided that it is at an altitude lower than that of the present turbine.
  • the water provides a double thrust during its travel on the rotor which, at least, ensures a smooth rotation smoothly of the latter. Due to the shape of the end of the water supply pipe 60 and the presence of the guide member 16 and the flap 17, the rotation of the rotor is optimized, both in terms of regularity and yield.
  • the presence of the spring 9 provides an optimal safety member in case of power failure of the control members and maneuvering the various parts of the turbine. Indeed, in case of such a failure it is necessary to secure the turbine 1, stopping as quickly as possible the rotation of the rotor 110. For this, it is necessary to stop the arrival of water on the rotor 110. In this case, the natural tendency of the shutter 17 to the closed position is not sufficient in itself to completely turn the shutter 17 in the closed position and to maintain it in this position. To remedy this, the spring 9 keeps the flap 17 in the closed position, it being understood that the jack 8 ensures only the opening of the flap 17. The restoring force of the spring 9 is sufficient to compensate for the thrust of the water on the flap 17.
  • Such a spring 9 is advantageously a spring whose wire has a square section.
  • a return force greater than that of a round section wire spring is obtained. It is thus possible to achieve an autonomous safety device, requiring no external power source, easy manufacture and maintenance, compact size and low cost. It is conceivable that, if necessary, the number of springs 9 is greater than one.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
EP16174499.0A 2015-06-16 2016-06-15 Hydraulische durchströmturbine Active EP3106655B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201630601T SI3106655T1 (sl) 2015-06-16 2016-06-15 Hidravlična pretočna turbina

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1555471A FR3037620B1 (fr) 2015-06-16 2015-06-16 Turbine hydraulique a flux traversant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3106655A1 true EP3106655A1 (de) 2016-12-21
EP3106655B1 EP3106655B1 (de) 2019-10-23

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ID=53801065

Family Applications (1)

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EP16174499.0A Active EP3106655B1 (de) 2015-06-16 2016-06-15 Hydraulische durchströmturbine

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP3106655B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3037620B1 (de)
SI (1) SI3106655T1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019143303A1 (en) * 2018-01-22 2019-07-25 Kepnik Goran Flow hydro turbine

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE337722C (de) * 1920-10-01 1921-06-07 Christoph Leffler Sicherheitsvorrichtung fuer Wasserturbinen
DE388530C (de) 1922-12-31 1924-01-15 Zur Verwertung Der Banki Schen Radiale Wasserturbine mit aeusserer Teilbeaufschlagung (System Banki)
GB238790A (en) * 1925-02-24 1925-08-27 Elemer Banki Improvements in water turbines
DE3327457C1 (de) * 1983-07-29 1984-11-29 Ossberger-Turbinenfabrik GmbH & Co, 8832 Weißenburg Durchstroemturbine
JPS60162072A (ja) 1984-01-31 1985-08-23 Shinko Electric Co Ltd クロスフロ−水車
US20090314353A1 (en) 2006-07-03 2009-12-24 Energreen As Apparatus and a method for regulation of the energy potential in a fluid column located within a pipeline

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE337722C (de) * 1920-10-01 1921-06-07 Christoph Leffler Sicherheitsvorrichtung fuer Wasserturbinen
DE388530C (de) 1922-12-31 1924-01-15 Zur Verwertung Der Banki Schen Radiale Wasserturbine mit aeusserer Teilbeaufschlagung (System Banki)
GB238790A (en) * 1925-02-24 1925-08-27 Elemer Banki Improvements in water turbines
DE3327457C1 (de) * 1983-07-29 1984-11-29 Ossberger-Turbinenfabrik GmbH & Co, 8832 Weißenburg Durchstroemturbine
JPS60162072A (ja) 1984-01-31 1985-08-23 Shinko Electric Co Ltd クロスフロ−水車
US20090314353A1 (en) 2006-07-03 2009-12-24 Energreen As Apparatus and a method for regulation of the energy potential in a fluid column located within a pipeline

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019143303A1 (en) * 2018-01-22 2019-07-25 Kepnik Goran Flow hydro turbine
CN111601965A (zh) * 2018-01-22 2020-08-28 戈兰凯普尼克公司 流液力涡轮机
US10865764B2 (en) 2018-01-22 2020-12-15 Goran Kepnik S.P. Flow hydro turbine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3037620B1 (fr) 2020-03-20
EP3106655B1 (de) 2019-10-23
SI3106655T1 (sl) 2020-02-28
FR3037620A1 (fr) 2016-12-23

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