EP3099834B1 - Fonte a graphite sphéroïdal pour culasses et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Fonte a graphite sphéroïdal pour culasses et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3099834B1
EP3099834B1 EP15702298.9A EP15702298A EP3099834B1 EP 3099834 B1 EP3099834 B1 EP 3099834B1 EP 15702298 A EP15702298 A EP 15702298A EP 3099834 B1 EP3099834 B1 EP 3099834B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spheroidal graphite
graphite iron
iron
cylinder head
internal combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15702298.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3099834A1 (fr
Inventor
Aulis Silvonen
Jarkko Laine
Kalle JALAVA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wartsila Finland Oy
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Wartsila Finland Oy
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3099834A1 publication Critical patent/EP3099834A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3099834B1 publication Critical patent/EP3099834B1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/02—Hardening by precipitation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to spheroidal graphite iron for cylinder heads and to method for manufacturing it.
  • the invention also relates to the use of spheroidal graphite iron in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, and to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine of a marine vessel, which comprise a cylinder head manufactured from spheroidal graphite iron.
  • Internal combustion engines are used, for example, as main propulsion engines or auxiliary engines in marine vessels or in power plants for the production of heat and/or electricity.
  • Internal combustion engines comprise a cylinder head.
  • the cylinder head is the metal part of the engine that encloses and covers the cylinders.
  • the cylinder head is often detachable and contains parts such as valves, valve seats and other e.g. coolant circulation.
  • the cylinder head helps to keep the engine cool while exposing to mechanical and thermal loads. Therefore there are high mechanical requirements for the cylinder head component and the cylinder head material.
  • US2006037675 which discloses a method of preparing and forming parts of spheroidal graphite cast iron having high-grade mechanical characteristics.
  • US2003116113 discloses a method for the manufacture of crank cases and cylinder heads from gray cast iron.
  • the method comprises steps of: providing a molten gray iron metal; alloying said molten gray iron metal prior to pouring with tin to a total tin content of about 0.05% to about 0.10% to provide a molten tin-alloyed gray iron metal; inoculating said molten tin-alloyed gray iron metal prior to pouring with a gray iron inoculant to a further silicon addition of from about 0.10% to about 0.12%; and casting an internal combustion engine part as soon as possible after said inoculation.
  • high cylinder pressure is one of the solutions to reduce emissions. To do so, stronger material for the cylinder head is required to stand the high pressure of the engine.
  • An object of the invention is to alleviate and eliminate the problems or drawbacks relating to the known prior art. Another object of the invention is to provide an improved cylinder head for internal combustion engine and means to achieve it. Another object of the invention is to provide a spheroidal graphite iron with improved thermal conductivity for use in engines component parts under thermal and mechanical loads. Another object of the invention is to provide enhanced performance against thermal and mechanical loads in cylinder heads and/or also other parts of the engine. Another object of the invention is to provide increased lifetime for cylinder head and/or also other parts of the engine.
  • the object of the invention can be achieved by the features of independent claims.
  • the invention relates to a spheroidal graphite iron for cylinder head of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine according to claim 6, and the use of the spheroidal graphite iron in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine according to claims 8, 9.
  • One embodiment of the invention is a spheroidal graphite iron for cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, according to the claims where spheroidal graphite iron has a tensile strength in the range 350 - 480 MPa and a thermal conductivity in the range 38 - 45 W/(K*m), and where the composition of the spheroidal graphite iron in percentage by weight is: 3,0 to 4,5% of carbon (C), 1.0 to 1.5% silicon (Si), less than 0,8% manganese (Mn), less than 0,3% copper (Cu), 0,03 to 0,25% Vanadium (V), and 0,04 to 0,3% niobium (Nb), the rest being iron (Fe) and unavoidable impurities.
  • the spheroidal graphite iron of the present invention comprises a microstructure ferritic ductile iron, which is precipitation hardened.
  • the microstructure is substantially or fully ferritic.
  • the substantially ferritic microstructure is at least 75 % (vol-%) ferritic.
  • the substantially ferritic microstructure advantageously comprises max 25 vol-% perlite.
  • the spheroidal graphite iron has a tensile strength in the range 400 - 480 MPa.
  • the present invention and its embodiments offers advantages over the known prior art, such as increased thermal conductivity.
  • the present invention and its embodiments provide increased temperature conductivity with relatively high mechanical properties.
  • Increased thermal conductivity provides increased lifetime for cylinder heads and other components of the internal combustion engine by conducting the heat more efficiently and/or because of other mechanical properties.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides enhanced performance against thermal and mechanical loads in cylinder heads and/or also other parts of the engine.
  • Increased thermal conductivity also enables higher temperatures in the engine, which yields more efficient combustion. Cleaner fuels also have higher combustion temperatures.
  • Increased thermal conductivity also reduces more the stresses caused by thermal differences.
  • the exemplary embodiments of the invention presented in this patent application are not to be interpreted to pose limitations to the applicability of the appended claims.
  • Silicon (Si) is an important and typical alloying element of spheroidal graphite irons because silicon is most important ferrite inducing and a graphite stabilizing alloying element in spheroidal graphite irons.
  • silicon levels are usually over 2 % (by weigth).
  • content for Silicon of the present invention is 1,0 - 1,5 % (by weight) in order to ensure a good thermal conductivity.
  • Carbon is essential element relating to spheroidal graphite irons, iron alloys and steels.
  • spheroidal graphite irons carbon precipitates to graphite on the part that is not in form of carbides or dissolved with iron.
  • the content of carbon is in range 3,0 - 4,5 % (by weight), however, preferable content for carbon is in range 3,7 - 4,3 % (by weight).
  • the carbon content levels are dependent on the content of silicon which is required to achieve intended thermal conductivity.
  • Vanadium retards grain growth, even after hardening from high temperatures or after periods of extended heating. Vanadium is added to cast iron to stabilize cementite, increase hardness, and increase resistance to wear and heat. Vanadium is also used for precipitation hardening.
  • the content of vanadium is in range 0,03 - 0,25 % (by weight). However, preferable content for vanadium is in range 0,04 - 0,1 % (by weight), in which range the hardening or strengthening effect of vanadium is optimal.
  • Niobium improves mechanical properties including hardness and wear resistance. Niobium is favourable in refining the graphite and is used to prevent austenite grain size coarsening during high temperature heat-treatment. The content of niobium is in range 0,04 - 0,3 % (by weight).
  • Copper and manganese are not desired or not useful alloying elements because deteriorating effects to properties spheroidal graphite iron.
  • the content of copper is less than 0,3 % (by weight).
  • the content of manganese is less than 0,8 % (by weight). Copper is perlite inducing alloying element and thereby disturbs manufacturing ferritic or ferritic-perlitic spheroidal graphite irons.
  • Manganese also has effect of inducing perlite or in high concentrations carbides.
  • the carbide inducing alloying elements should have low enough levels so that the composition of an embodiment of the present invention can be treated to have ferritic or mainly ferritic microstructure.
  • An example of an embodiment of the invention is a spheroidal graphite iron for cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, according to the claims.
  • the spheroidal graphite iron has a tensile strength in the range 350 - 480 MPa and a thermal conductivity in the range 38 - 45 W/(K*m).
  • the composition of the spheroidal graphite iron in percentage by weight is: 3,0 to 4,5% of carbon (C), 1 to 1.5% silicon (Si), less than 0,8% manganese (Mn), less than 0,3% copper (Cu), 0,03 to 0,25% Vanadium (V), and 0,04 to 0,3% niobium (Nb), the rest being iron (Fe) and unavoidable impurities in the composition.
  • the spheroidal graphite iron comprises a ferritic ductile iron, which is precipitation hardened.
  • the microstructure is fully ferritic.
  • the ferritic microstructure is at least 75 vol-% ferritic, and advantageously comprises max 25 vol-% perlite.
  • the precipitation hardened microstructure and desired properties are achieved via heat treatment steps described below.
  • Another example of an embodiment of the invention is a method for manufacturing a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine from a spheroidal graphite iron having a tensile strength in the range 350 - 480 MPa and a thermal conductivity in the range 38 - 45 W/(K*m).
  • the composition of spheroidal graphite iron in percentage by weight is: 3,0 to 4,5% of carbon (C), 1.0 to 1.5% silicon (Si), less than 0,8% manganese (Mn), less than 0,3% copper (Cu), 0,03 to 0,25% Vanadium (V), and 0,04 to 0,3% niobium (Nb), the rest being iron (Fe) and unavoidable impurities, said method comprises steps of:
  • the microstructure is at least 75 vol-% ferritic and may comprise max 25 vol-% perlite.
  • the microstructure is fully ferritic.
  • the spheroidal graphite iron has a tensile strength in the range 400 - 480 MPa.
  • Another example of an embodiment of the invention is a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine manufactured from the said spheroidal graphite iron of the present invention.
  • Another example of an embodiment of the invention is an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder head manufactured from spheroidal graphite iron of the present invention.
  • Another example of an embodiment of the invention is a marine vessel comprising a cylinder head in an internal combustion engine of the marine vessel, and the cylinder head is manufactured from spheroidal graphite iron of the present invention.
  • the internal combustion engines may be used, for example, as main propulsion engines or auxiliary engines in marine vessels but the internal combustion engines can also be used in power plants for the production of heat and/or electricity.
  • the spheroidal graphite iron comprises silicon (Si) between 1,0 - 1,5 in percentage by weight to achieve higher (than normal) thermal conductivity.
  • the spheroidal graphite iron comprises carbon (C) between 3,7 - 4,3 in percentage by weight, to retain needed (normal) carbon equivalency (CE %).
  • the spheroidal graphite iron comprises vanadium (V) between 0,04 - 0,1 in percentage by weight, to improve precipitation strengthening effect.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Fonte à graphite sphéroïde pour culasse d'un moteur à combustion interne, possédant une résistance à la traction dans la gamme comprise entre 350 et 480 MPa et une conductivité thermique dans la gamme comprise entre 38 et 45 W/(K*m), la composition de la fonte à graphite sphéroïde en pourcentage massique étant constituée : de 3,0 à 4,5 % de carbone (C), de 1,0 à 1,5 % de silicium (Si), de moins de 0,8 % de manganèse (Mn), de moins de 0,3 % de cuivre (Cu), de 0,03 à 0,25 % de vanadium (V), et de 0,04 à 0,3 % de niobium (Nb), le reste étant du fer et des impuretés inévitables, et la microstructure de la fonte à graphite sphéroïde durcie par précipitation étant d'au moins 75 % ferritique en volume, et au maximum de 25 % perlite en volume.
  2. Fonte à graphite sphéroïde selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la fonte à graphite sphéroïde possède une résistance à la traction dans la gamme comprise entre 400 et 480 MPa.
  3. Fonte à graphite sphéroïde selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle le carbone (C) est compris entre 3,7 et 4,3 en pourcentage massique.
  4. Fonte à graphite sphéroïde selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle le vanadium (V) est compris entre 0,04 et 0,1 en pourcentage massique.
  5. Fonte à graphite sphéroïde selon l'une quelconque des revendication 1 à 4, dans laquelle la microstructure de la fonte à graphite sphéroïde durcie par précipitation est entièrement ferritique.
  6. Procédé de fabrication d'une culasse d'un moteur à combustion interne à partir d'une fonte à graphite sphéroïde possédant une résistance à la traction dans la gamme comprise entre 350 et 480 MPa et une conductivité thermique dans la gamme comprise entre 38 et 45 W/(K*m), la composition de fonte à graphite sphéroïde en pourcentage massique étant constituée : de 3,0 à 4,5 % de carbone (C), de 1,0 à 1,5 % de silicium (Si), de moins de 0,8 % de manganèse (Mn), de moins de 0,3 % de cuivre (Cu), de 0,03 à 0,25 % de vanadium (V), et de 0,04 à 0,3 % de niobium (Nb), le reste étant du fer et des impuretés inévitables et,
    ledit procédé comprenant les étapes de :
    a. coulage de la composition,
    b. austénitisation à une température comprise entre 900 et 1050 °C pendant une période de temps comprise entre 1 et 48 heures,
    c. refroidissement à un taux compris entre 1 et 80 °C/min à une température comprise entre 620 et 752 °C
    d. maintien à une température comprise entre 620 et 750 °C pendant une période de temps comprise entre 1 et 75 heures pour s'assurer d'une matrice entièrement ferritique
    e. refroidissement un taux de 50 °C/heure à une température de 200 °C
    f. refroidissement à l'air à la température ambiante pour finaliser le durcissement par précipitation,
    dans lequel la microstructure de la fonte à graphite sphéroïde durcie par précipitation étant d'au moins 75 % ferritique en volume, et au maximum de 25 % perlite en volume.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel la microstructure durcie par précipitation de la fonte à graphite sphéroïde est entièrement ferritique.
  8. Utilisation de la fonte à graphite sphéroïde selon l'une quelconque des revendication 1 à 5 dans une culasse du moteur à combustion interne.
  9. Utilisation de la fonte à graphite sphéroïde selon l'une quelconque des revendication 1 à 8 dans une culasse d'un moteur à combustion interne d'un vaisseau marin.
EP15702298.9A 2014-01-28 2015-01-26 Fonte a graphite sphéroïdal pour culasses et son procédé de fabrication Active EP3099834B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20145094 2014-01-28
PCT/FI2015/050044 WO2015114210A1 (fr) 2014-01-28 2015-01-26 Fonte a graphite sphéroïde pour culasses et son procédé de fabrication

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3099834A1 EP3099834A1 (fr) 2016-12-07
EP3099834B1 true EP3099834B1 (fr) 2017-12-20

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EP (1) EP3099834B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105899694B (fr)
DK (1) DK3099834T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015114210A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018109259A1 (fr) * 2016-12-16 2018-06-21 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Fonte ductile et procédé de fabrication d'un article
CN110578084A (zh) * 2019-10-19 2019-12-17 锦州捷通铁路机械股份有限公司 一种铸态全铁素体球墨铸铁材料生产工艺
CN112410655B (zh) * 2020-11-11 2021-12-21 清华大学 高导热高韧性球墨铸铁及其制备方法

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JPS60247036A (ja) * 1984-05-22 1985-12-06 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd Ｃｖ鋳鉄製シリンダライナ
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JPH05311316A (ja) * 1992-05-12 1993-11-22 Kubota Corp 薄肉外層ロール
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Publication number Publication date
WO2015114210A1 (fr) 2015-08-06
CN105899694B (zh) 2019-02-15
CN105899694A (zh) 2016-08-24
DK3099834T3 (en) 2018-03-19
EP3099834A1 (fr) 2016-12-07

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