Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
  • C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
  • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
  • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
  • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
  • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
  • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
  • C02F1/4676—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electroreduction
  • C02F1/4678—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electroreduction of metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
  • C02F1/62—Heavy metal compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
  • C25C7/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
  • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
  • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
  • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
  • G21F9/06—Processing
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
  • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
  • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
  • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
  • G21F9/06—Processing
  • G21F9/12—Processing by absorption; by adsorption; by ion-exchange
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
  • C02F2101/006—Radioactive compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
  • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
  • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
  • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
  • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
  • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
  • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
  • C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
  • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
  • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
  • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
  • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
  • C02F2201/4615—Time
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
  • C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions

Definitions

• an electrolysis process and the device for carrying it out characterized by the addition in the aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts contained in a tank, of an additional electrode designated “mass electrode” of the same material and same texture as the other electrodes (anode and cathode) and independently connected to a mass of the electric power generator.
• This electrode of mass compared to the usual device of electrolysis, has the effect of limiting or annihilating the consequences of the high concentration of salts present in the aqueous solution, which opposes the circulation of the current in said solution and thus alters the efficiency of the process.
• the immersion of the said ground electrode which has only one electrical connection function and does not receive heavy metals, unlike the anode and the cathode of the device, makes it possible to obtain the same results as those obtained in the case conventional electrolysis, that is to say with a solution with low salt concentration and this in a similar cycle time.
• Said patent also claims an electrolysis process and the device for carrying it out, characterized in that an intermittent closed circuit mixing of the solution is operated by means of an activation element, for example a pump, ensuring the emptying and simultaneous filling of the tank of the device.
• an activation element for example a pump
• This stirring of the solution to be treated is carried out to avoid that under the effect of the passage of the current the different species present in the solution are organized to obstruct the fixing of heavy metals. It makes it possible to preserve the homogeneity of the solution during the electrolysis operation.
• the inventor provides in this patent for the addition to the device of the initial patent of an electronic control means able to manage three new actions. It also provides for modifications in the quality, function, destination and operation of certain elements of the device of the invention as well as the addition of a filter at the end of the electroplating operation, whose mission is to optimize the quality of the effluent released by fixing the low electromotive force components driven by the residual ion movements.
• the electronic control means provided to the device of the initial patent has as a first function the application of successive cuts of the power supply of the device, at a periodicity determined according to the chemical composition of the solution to be treated.
• the second function of the electronic control means provided to the device of the original patent is to decouple the internal ground electrode provided in the process of the original patent No. 2,733,748 to increase the rate of ionic scouring of the electrodes.
• This decoupling action of the mass electrode is intended to disorganize the ion system so that the free electrons find the path of their respective electrode and the ions are deposited again where they should.
• the third function of the electronic control means provided to the device of the initial patent is to maintain and regulate throughout the differential electroplating operation, a constant optimum voltage in the solution to be treated, from sensor arranged in the solution to be treated and between the electrodes of the device. It is known that the resistivity of the assembly varies continuously as a function of the mass deposited on the electrodes. Controlling and maintaining a constant voltage between the electrodes is therefore an essential factor in the process.
• This electronic control means thus allows all the controls, adjustments and regulation as well as the transmission of the information necessary for the smooth running of the operations and the memorization thereof.
• the device of this patent provides that the material and the texture of the device's ground electrode are different from the material and the texture of the electrodes or of the anode. and the cathode.
• the device of this patent also provides that the materials and textures of the electrodes are different.
• the anode and the cathode can be manufactured in totally different materials and determined according to the chemical and radiochemical composition (radioactive effluents) of the solution to be treated.
• the device of this patent provides that the sensors placed between the electrodes, to allow control and regulate throughout the differential electrolysis operation the voltage in the solution in treatment, are of chemically neutral texture such as for example that of a referential glass electrode used in chemical measurement.
• the device of this patent which completes and modifies the characteristics, the composition and the operation of the device of the initial patent, provides that the electrodes charged with pollutants captured during the electrolysis operation at the end of the operation, they are burned or contained (radioactive elements) depending on the type or grade of the polluting effects, the treated effluents being released into the environment or reused industrially, taking into account their quality.
• the patent of the present invention also provides that the electrodes immersed in the differential plating tank, provided of cylindrical shape and coaxial in the original patent, are of different shape and in particular in the form of plate. In such a case, the initial principle remains unchanged, the electrodes being applied to the opposite faces of neutral plate supports, the differential mass being placed in an insulating tube to avoid any electronic distortion.
• the patent of the present invention provides that the device allows the use in successive alternating cycles or in continuous operation.
• the supply of the solution to be treated is operated by the bottom of the tank and at a slow speed and determined according to the chemical composition and the texture of the solution to be treated, the evacuation of the treated solution. being carried out in the upper part of the tank by a pipe provided for this purpose
• the present patent provides for the addition or replacement at the end of the device.
• an electro-filtration filter intended primarily to fix the residual electromotive weak elements, still present in the solution at the end of the differential electroplating process.
• the electro-filtration filter of the present invention aims to exploit this feature to more easily fix said low-force components.
• electromotive which are driven by the play of weak ionic movements still existing, amplified by the configuration of said electro filtration filter.
• Said electroplating filter consists mainly of a cylindrical tank for example made of a plastic material compatible with its operation and performance. It is preferably of dimensions (Height / Diameter) compatible with its operation and optimum performance and has two electrodes immersed in a neutral filter material, one of which for example the anode, is preferably plated on the inner peripheral plane of the tray and the other for example the cathode is plated on an axial support tube located in the center of the inner surface of the lower plane of the tray.
• the electric current passing through the filtering material is regulated according to the chemical composition of the solution leaving the electrolytic treatment tank and adapted to the resistivity of the assembly, knowing that the conductivity of the filtering material varies according to the more or less aqueous liquid. it contains
• the solution filtered through its passage through the electro-filtration filter of the invention then has an optimum quality allowing its release into the environment or for example its reuse in another manufacturing process.
• the radioactive elements are almost extracted from the effluent which can then be eliminated in the environment without risk, the radioactive elements being themselves confined according to the known methods.
• Figure 1 is a schematic central sectional view of the main element of the device of the original patent, consisting of an electrolytic tank, for example cylindrical, equipped with electrodes and means for supplying electrical energy and in solution to be treated.
• an electrolytic tank for example cylindrical, equipped with electrodes and means for supplying electrical energy and in solution to be treated.
• FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the main element of the device of the initial patent modified according to the technical elements claimed by the present patent.
• Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrofiltration filter of the present invention.
• the present invention follows a patent filed by the same author in May 1995 and published on November 8, 1996 under the number 2,733,748, concerning a process for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts, by means of electrolysis. This patent is hereinafter referred to as "initial patent".
• the method and the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts which is the subject of the initial patent claim an electrolysis cell (2) of cylindrical shape and of axis (14) containing an aqueous solution ( 3) with a high concentration of salts, in which at least one pair of electrodes is immersed.
• three pairs of electrodes are represented, for example, the anode (6) and the cathode (7), the anode (9) and the cathode (8) and the anode (10). and the cathode (11) fed to the corresponding terminals of an electric generator (4) and a ground electrode (22) preferably connected to the ground (M) of said generator (4).
• the ground electrode (22) is separated from the electrode (11) by a polyamide screen (23) to avoid any electrolytic interaction between these two electrodes.
• the method and the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts object of the initial patent claim intermittent mixing in closed circuit during the electrolysis cycle, driven by a pump (not shown) operating the displacement of the solution (3), by emptying the tank (2) of the solution (3) by the suction channel (24) taking the solution at the bottom of the tank and near the bottom (5) of the ci, to reintroduce simultaneously in the same tank (2) and between the electrodes by the channel (28) under the action of a pump outside the tank (2). (See FIG1).
• the method and the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts object of the initial patent claim the intermittent filtration of the treated solution (3) during the electrolysis operation and by means of a filter (32) (not shown) independent and appended to the tank (2) comprising a filter material, for example clay granules.
• the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts which is the subject of the initial patent claims a common material and a common texture for the electrodes, for example the anodes (6) (9) 10), the cathodes ( 7) (8) (11) and the ground electrode (22).
• each electrode has a wall of generally cylindrical and coaxial shape and that the device comprises at least one neutral support, in FIG 1 two neutral supports (16) (17) of cylindrical shape and inert material, having an inner face and an outer face each covered by an electrode, the electrodes covering the faces of the same support belonging to different electrode pairs.
• the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts which is the subject of the initial patent claims, for example, the presence of at least three pairs of electrodes, the anode (6) and the cathode (7). , the anode (9) and the cathode (8) and the anode (10) and the cathode (11), and at least two inert supports (16) and (17), the electrodes covering the faces of the same support being connected to the same terminal of the electric generator (4).
• the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts which is the object of the original patent claims the characteristic that at least one electrode of each pair has a continuous axial opening (not shown). extending from one edge to the other of the electrode for example the electrodes (8) and (10) and / or the electrodes (7) and (9).
• Said device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts which is the subject of the initial patent claims the presence of emptying means (24) for the treatment tank (2) and filling means (28) for said tank (2) communicating in a closed circuit.
• the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts according to the initial patent claims the presence of at least two filters (not shown), a production filter (32a) and a finishing filter ( 32b) attached to the tank (2) and comprising clay granules.
• the present invention relates to technical conditions of composition and use, made to the process for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts object of the original patent filed by the inventor in 1995 and published November 8 1996 under the number 2,733,748, for the sole purpose of adapting said process to technical, technological and ecological developments since the filing of said patent and to substantially optimize the results of said process.
• the inventor provides in this patent for the addition to the device of the initial patent of an electronic control means (MC) able to manage three new actions.
• MC electronic control means
• the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts has electronic control means (MC) allowing successive cuts of the power supply of the device (CA), following durations and a periodicity determined according to the chemical composition of the solution to be treated (3) and the texture of the submerged electrodes (6) to (11).
• MC electronic control means
• This action is of great importance because the temporary stopping of feed causes an interaction between the elements in the solution (3) and the electrodes (6) to (11), made of an exchange between the ions contained in the solution ( 3) and said electrodes. The consequence is therefore a return to an electronic equilibrium giving back to the electrodes (6) to (11) all their capacity without loss of material deposited before the power failure.
• the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts has electronic control means (MC) allowing decoupling ( CM) of the ground electrode (22) provided in the method of the original patent No. 2,733,748 to increase the rate of ionic scouring of the electrodes (6) to (11).
• This decoupling action of the ground electrode (22) is intended to disorganize the ion system so that the free electrons return to the path of their respective electrodes and the ions are deposited again where they should.
• the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts has electronic control means (MC) allowing the permanent control and the optimum regulation of the voltage in the treated solution (3) and throughout the duration of the treatment, by means of sensitive probes (ST) introduced between the pairs of electrodes (6) (7), (8) (9), (10) (11) of the device.
• MC electronic control means
• ST sensitive probes
• the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts involves a mass electrode (22) of material and / or texture 2014/000016
• the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts involves electrodes, anodes (6) (9) (10). and Cathode (7) (8) (11) of different materials and texture depending on the chemical and radiochemical composition (radioactive effluents) of the liquid (3) to be treated. (See FIG 2).
• the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts involves sensitive probes (ST) of chemically neutral texture and for example in glass, to allow control and regulation of the voltage in the solution to be treated (3), throughout the duration of the operation. (See FIG2).
• ST sensitive probes
• the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts involves recovery at the end of the cycle, from the electrodes (6) to ( 11) confined (radioactive elements) and / or their elimination according to the fixed polluting elements, by means adapted to its elements and their level of pollutant effect (See FIG2).
• the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts provides that the electrodes (6) to (11) immersed in the differential plating tank (2), provided of cylindrical shape and coaxial in the original patent, are of different shape and in particular in the form of plate. In such a case, the initial principle remains unchanged, the electrodes being applied to the faces opposing neutral plate supports, the differential mass (22) being placed in an insulating tube to avoid any electronic distortion.
• the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts provides that the device allows the use in successive alternating cycles or in continuous operation.
• the supply of the solution to be treated is operated by the bottom (5) of the tank (2) for example by the pipe (24) and at a slow speed and determined according to the chemical composition and the texture (a solution to be treated (3), the evacuation of the treated solution (3) being carried out in the upper part of the tank by a pipe (28) provided for this purpose (see FIG 2).
• the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts preferably comprises in the circulation circuit of the solution in treatment (3) and of preferably at the end of the circuit, at least one electro-filtration filter (FEF) intended primarily to fix the residual elements with a low electromotive force still present in the solution (3) after the differential electroplating operation (see FIG.
• FEF electro-filtration filter
• the electro filtration filter consists mainly of a cylindrical tank (B) for example made of a plastic material compatible with its operation and performance. It is preferably of dimensions (Height / Diameter) compatible with its operation and optimum performance and has two electrodes (EC1) and (EC2) immersed in a neutral filter material (MF), one of which for example the anode, (EC1) is preferably plated on the inner peripheral plane of the tray (B) and the other for example the cathode (EC2) is pressed on an axial support tube (TS) located in the center of the inner surface of the lower plane of the tray, itself provided at a short distance from a grid (GF).
• B cylindrical tank
• MF neutral filter material
• the electric current passing through the filtering material (MF) is regulated according to the chemical composition of the solution (3) leaving the electrolytic treatment tank (2) and adapted to the resistivity of the assembly, knowing that the Conductivity of the filter material (MF) varies depending on the more or less aqueous liquid it contains (see FIG 3).
• the solution (3) filtered by passing through the electrofiltration filter (FEF) of the invention then has an optimum quality allowing its release into the environment or for example its reuse in another manufacturing process.
• FEF electrofiltration filter

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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• Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
• Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-01-22 RU RU2016133851A patent/RU2016133851A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2014-01-22 CN CN201480077337.0A patent/CN106103350A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-01-22 JP JP2016548243A patent/JP2017506151A/ja active Pending
  • 2014-01-22 US US15/113,617 patent/US20170002472A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-01-22 WO PCT/FR2014/000016 patent/WO2015110713A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2014-01-22 EP EP14708312.5A patent/EP3097057A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

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