EP3095123B1 - Schaltvorrichtung zum schalten hoher elektrischer ströme und batteriesystem mit einer solchen schaltvorrichtung - Google Patents

Schaltvorrichtung zum schalten hoher elektrischer ströme und batteriesystem mit einer solchen schaltvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3095123B1
EP3095123B1 EP15700013.4A EP15700013A EP3095123B1 EP 3095123 B1 EP3095123 B1 EP 3095123B1 EP 15700013 A EP15700013 A EP 15700013A EP 3095123 B1 EP3095123 B1 EP 3095123B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching device
wire
switching
signalling
contacts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15700013.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3095123A1 (de
Inventor
Gergely GALAMB
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3095123A1 publication Critical patent/EP3095123A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3095123B1 publication Critical patent/EP3095123B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/30—Means for indicating condition of fuse structurally associated with the fuse
    • H01H85/303—Movable indicating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
    • H01H2009/0292—Transparent window or opening, e.g. for allowing visual inspection of contact position or contact condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/541—Auxiliary contact devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/30—Means for indicating condition of fuse structurally associated with the fuse
    • H01H85/303—Movable indicating elements
    • H01H85/306—Movable indicating elements acting on an auxiliary switch or contact

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching device for switching high electrical currents comprising at least a first normally open contact and at least a second normally open contact, the normally open contacts being spaced apart in a first switching position of the switching device and contacting one another in a second switching position of the switching device for conducting an electrical current.
  • the invention relates to a battery system with a battery and a battery management system, the battery management system comprising a control unit and at least one isolating unit for galvanically isolating the battery from a consumer and / or a charging device.
  • Switching devices mentioned at the outset are known in particular as contactors in the prior art.
  • the publication discloses DE 10 2010 032 456 A1 an electrical contactor with main and secondary contacts as working contacts.
  • Switching devices of this type are used in particular in battery systems of at least partially electrically operated vehicles in order, if necessary, for example in the event of a fault in the battery of the battery system or an accident with the vehicle, to electrically charge the battery from the vehicle or from a charging device for recharging the battery separate.
  • switching devices of this type such as contactors in particular, separate high currents or high currents flow via the working contacts of the switching devices
  • erosion of the working contacts occurs, in particular when an arc is formed between the working contacts. Since the erosion leads to a reduction in the contact material of the working contacts, the working contacts wear out over time, which leads to a limited service life of such switching devices. In order to ensure the full functionality of such a switching device, it must therefore be replaced at certain time intervals. It is desirable to know at what point in time the switching device should be replaced.
  • WO 96/13732 A1 discloses a switching device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a switching device for switching high electrical currents has at least a first normally open contact and at least a second normally open contact, the normally open contacts being spaced apart in a first switching position of the switching device and contacting each other in a second switching position of the switching device for conducting an electrical current, Proposed, wherein the switching device for signaling wear of the work contacts comprises at least one wire with a defined melting point, the at least one wire being spaced apart from the at least one first work contact and the at least one second work contact in the region of an arc which can be formed between the work contacts that the at least one wire when the melting temperature is exceeded as a result of an arc being formed between the at least one first working contact and the at least one a second work contact is severed.
  • the switching device is a contactor, preferably an electromechanical contactor, the work contacts of which, as is known in the prior art, are controlled by means of a magnetic coil.
  • the working contacts of the switching device can be both main contacts and auxiliary contacts or secondary contacts, in particular main contacts and / or secondary contacts of a contactor, such as in the document DE 10 2010 032 456 A1 described.
  • the working contacts are preferably arranged on contact carriers, in particular on a base plate and / or a tie rod or a contact carrier plate which is operatively connected to a tie rod.
  • the working contacts can in particular also be designed as double contacts.
  • the at least one wire of the switching device can in particular be made of plastic or metal.
  • a metallic wire is preferably provided. It is further preferably provided that the at least one wire has a has circular cross section.
  • the wire can also have other cross-sectional shapes, in particular the wire or at least one of the wires can be a flat wire, a profile wire or a square wire.
  • the at least one wire, held by a holding device is arranged at a distance from the at least one first work contact and the at least one second work contact.
  • the holding device is preferably arranged on the switching device.
  • the holding device can be realized by clamping and / or screwing elements.
  • the at least one wire is preferably held at its ends by the holding device, preferably in such a way that the wire between the ends is contactless, that is to say is only in contact with the switching device via the holding device.
  • the at least one wire is thus advantageously “free floating”.
  • the at least one wire is arranged in the so-called quenching chamber of a switching device, preferably using the aforementioned holder.
  • the invention makes use of the knowledge that an arc damaging the work contacts, which arises when the work contacts are disconnected under load, causes a sharp rise in temperature, the temperature correlating with the intensity of the arc forming.
  • a wire of the switching device is advantageously dimensioned in such a way, in particular with regard to its melting point and material thickness, that it melts under the action of an arc which forms between the working contacts and damages the working contacts and is severed in the process, the severing of the wire advantageously forming a working contact which damages the working contacts Arc is signaled and / or used for signaling.
  • the switching device comprises at least one further wire with a defined melting point, the melting point of the at least one wire being higher or lower than the melting point of the at least one further wire, and / or the material thickness of the at least one wire being greater or is smaller than the material thickness of the at least one further wire.
  • the intensity of an arc that has occurred can advantageously be signaled.
  • the severity of the effects of an arc on the working contacts can thus be signaled by a plurality of wires. For example, if only the weakest wire was destroyed, the severity of the impact was low. On the other hand, if, for example, all wires of different dimensions are cut, this indicates a strong intensity of the arc and allows the conclusion that the work contacts have been severely damaged.
  • the switching device can have two wires, the first wire having a first melting point and a first material thickness and the second wire having a second melting point which is higher than the first melting point and a second material thickness which is greater than the first. If an arc occurs between the working contacts in such a configuration, the first wire is cut more than the second wire due to the temperature rise associated with the formation of the arc. If only the first wire and not the second wire is cut through when an arc is formed between the work contacts, the intensity of the arc was lower than when the first wire and the second wire melt and are cut through.
  • the intensity of the arc and thus the determination of which wire or wires have been cut, allows conclusions to be drawn about the erosion of the working contacts.
  • the at least one wire is mechanically tensioned, preferably by a holding device, in particular between two holders of the holding device.
  • a holding device in particular between two holders of the holding device.
  • the mechanical tension of the wire means that the at least one wire can be used particularly well to signal mechanical and / or electrical wear on the work contacts, in particular by means of at least one signaling element.
  • the switching device comprises at least one signaling element, which is moved from a first position to a second position when the wire is cut. This advantageously improves the signaling in particular that the switching device is to be exchanged, since the signaling here takes place — at least not exclusively — by cutting the at least one wire, but rather the signaling element has been moved from the first position to the second position .
  • the signaling element is a signaling plate which is arranged on the wire.
  • the signaling plate is preferably made of a metal or a heat-resistant plastic material.
  • the signaling plate can be arranged on the wire by welding.
  • the signaling plate is advantageously held in a first position by the mechanical tension of the wire. If the wire is cut as a result of the temperature effect of an arc formed between the work contacts, the signaling plate is moved from the first position to a second position. This change from the first position to the second position advantageously signals wear of the work contacts and thus that the switching device has to be replaced.
  • the signaling element is a signaling body, in particular a signaling pin, which is held in the first position under pretension by the mechanically tensioned wire, such that the signaling body when the wire is severed by releasing the pretension from the first Position is placed in the second position.
  • the mechanical wire is connected directly to the signaling body, the signaling body being held in the first position by the wire against the force of a mechanical spring. If the wire is cut, the signaling body is moved into the second position by the force of the spring and thereby signals wear of the working contacts and thus that the switching device has to be replaced.
  • the signaling body is advantageously arranged such that the signaling body is not visible in the first position and is visible in the second position, so that the visibility of the signaling body signals that the switching device is to be replaced.
  • the switching device has a guide in which the signaling body is guided.
  • a recess is provided as a guide in which the signaling body is guided.
  • the signaling body In the first position, the signaling body is preferably arranged completely in the recess and is therefore not visible. Only when changing from the first position to the second position does the signaling body advantageously emerge from the recess, is thus visible and thus signals that the switching device is to be replaced.
  • the switching device comprises a signaling line with a switching element which can be actuated by the signaling body, preferably a microswitch, the switching element being actuated by the signaling body by the transition from the first position to the second position, wherein actuation of the switching element electrically signals a cutting of the wire via the signaling line.
  • the signaling line can advantageously be connected to a further device, particularly preferably a control unit. If the switching element of the switching device is actuated by the signaling body, the device connected to the signaling line advantageously receives an electrical signal, so that the further device can signal that the switching device is to be replaced, in particular by generating an optically or acoustically perceptible signal.
  • the device to which the signaling line can be connected is a battery control unit of a battery management system, in particular when using the switching device with a battery system used by the battery control in a hybrid, plug-in hybrid or electric vehicle Unit can be signaled to a user of the vehicle, preferably by activating a signaling device of the vehicle instruments, that the switching device is to be replaced.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the switching device according to the invention provides that the switching device comprises at least one display window, which is arranged such that the at least one wire and / or the at least one signaling element in the first position and / or in the second position through the at least one display window Position is visible.
  • the switching device can advantageously be determined by visual inspection, for example as part of an inspection or maintenance inspection, whether the switching device is to be replaced.
  • the mechanically tensioned wire with a signaling plate arranged thereon is visible within the display window, preferably in such a way that the signaling plate is completely visible in the display window. If the wire has been cut as a result of an arc forming between the work contacts, the signaling plate is no longer held in the first position but takes a second position. This is advantageously recognizable through the display window.
  • the at least one wire is electrically conductive and the switching device comprises at least one connection element via which a measuring device for determining the electrical conductivity of the wire can be connected. It is preferably checked whether there is an electrically conductive connection from one end of the wire to the other end of the wire. This can be done in particular by measuring the electrical resistance of the wire. If the wire has been cut as a result of the occurrence of an arc between the work contacts, so that the wire is no longer electrically conductive, this is advantageously detected by the measuring device and can be signaled.
  • a battery system with a battery and a battery management system comprising a control unit and at least one isolating unit for galvanically isolating the battery from a consumer and / or a charging device, the isolating unit being a switching device according to the invention is or at least includes.
  • the battery of the battery system comprises a plurality of battery cells that are electrically connected to one another, in particular rechargeable lithium-ion cells.
  • the battery system is designed for use in hybrid, plug-in hybrid or electric vehicles.
  • the battery cells of the battery can be electrically connected to form battery modules, the battery modules in turn being electrically connected to one another to form a battery.
  • the switching device is designed as an electromechanical contactor.
  • the switching device is a switching device according to the invention in which the at least one wire is electrically conductive and the switching device is at least one Includes connection element, via which a measuring device for determining the electrical conductivity of the at least one wire can be connected, and wherein the control unit is connected or connected to the switching device via the connection element of the switching device, the control unit being designed to determine the electrical conductivity of the at least one wire .
  • the control unit is designed to detect a cut in the wire as an error and to signal that the switching device is to be replaced.
  • the control unit makes an entry in an error memory, which can advantageously be read out during an inspection.
  • the control unit is preferably a battery control unit (BCU).
  • BCU battery control unit
  • VCU vehicle control unit
  • the switching device 1 is an electromechanical contactor which is shown in a highly simplified manner and which is actuated by means of a magnetic coil (in 1 and 2 not explicitly shown) can be controlled.
  • the contactor 1 has a base plate 2, which comprises four first working contacts, namely the main contacts 4 and 4 'and the auxiliary contacts 6 and 6'.
  • the contactor 1 has a tie rod 3, which is activated by correspondingly controlling the in 1 and 2 not explicitly shown coil can move to the base plate 2, which is symbolic in 1 and 2 is represented by the double arrow 9.
  • the tie rod 3 has a second working contact for a first working contact of the base plate 2, namely the main contacts 5, 5 'and the auxiliary contacts 7, 7'.
  • first switching position of the contactor 1 which in Fig. 1 is shown, the first work contacts 4, 4 ', 6, 6' and the second work contacts 5, 5 ', 7, 7' are spaced apart.
  • second switching position of the contactor 1 which in Fig. 2 is shown, the first make contacts 4, 4 ', 6, 6' contact the second make contacts 5, 5 ', 7, 7', so that an electric current through the make contacts 4-5, 4'-5 ', 6-7 and 6'-7 'can flow.
  • the contactor 1 shown comprises a mechanically tensioned wire 8 with a defined melting point.
  • the wire 8 is a metallic wire with a circular cross section.
  • the wire 8 from a 1 and 2 Holding device not explicitly shown, is held mechanically tensioned at the respective ends of the wire 8, so that the wire 8 is advantageously held "quasi-floating".
  • the wire 8 is arranged at a distance from the first work contact 4 and the second work contact 5, the distance being chosen to be small, so that the thermal energy of an arc formed between the work contacts acts directly on the wire 8. If the thermal energy is so great due to the intensity of the arc that arises that the melting point of the wire 8 is exceeded, the wire 8 is severed. The cutting of the wire 8 signals an erosion that has occurred at the working contacts of the contactor 1 and thus that the contactor 1 is to be replaced.
  • a signaling element preferably a colored, heat-resistant signaling plate (in 1 and 2 not explicitly shown), is arranged.
  • the signaling element is in a first position. If the wire 8 is cut, the signaling element assumes a second position due to the mechanical tension no longer being present. If the signaling element is no longer in the first position, this advantageously indicates more clearly that the working contacts of the contactor 1 have eroded and the contactor 1 must therefore be replaced.
  • the contactor 1 preferably has a display window (in 1 and 2 not explicitly shown), through which the signaling element is visible at least in the first position.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
EP15700013.4A 2014-01-16 2015-01-02 Schaltvorrichtung zum schalten hoher elektrischer ströme und batteriesystem mit einer solchen schaltvorrichtung Active EP3095123B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014200681.3A DE102014200681A1 (de) 2014-01-16 2014-01-16 Schaltvorrichtung zum Schalten hoher elektrischer Ströme und Batteriesystem mit einer solchen Schaltvorrichtung
PCT/EP2015/050010 WO2015106975A1 (de) 2014-01-16 2015-01-02 Schaltvorrichtung zum schalten hoher elektrischer ströme und batteriesystem mit einer solchen schaltvorrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3095123A1 EP3095123A1 (de) 2016-11-23
EP3095123B1 true EP3095123B1 (de) 2020-06-03

Family

ID=52292939

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15700013.4A Active EP3095123B1 (de) 2014-01-16 2015-01-02 Schaltvorrichtung zum schalten hoher elektrischer ströme und batteriesystem mit einer solchen schaltvorrichtung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3095123B1 (ko)
KR (1) KR102305065B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN105900201B (ko)
DE (1) DE102014200681A1 (ko)
WO (1) WO2015106975A1 (ko)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10168372B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2019-01-01 General Electric Company System and method for leakage current and fault location detection in electric vehicle DC power circuits
US10203363B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2019-02-12 General Electric Company DC leakage current detector and method of operation thereof for leakage current detection in DC power circuits
CN109637887B (zh) * 2019-01-29 2019-10-01 北京航空航天大学 一种换流式高压直流接触器触头结构

Family Cites Families (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0641317Y2 (ja) * 1988-05-30 1994-10-26 オムロン株式会社 電磁継電器
JPH03246845A (ja) 1990-02-23 1991-11-05 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 電磁接触器
US5844331A (en) * 1994-10-27 1998-12-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process for monitoring the wear of at least one contact in a switching device and switching device designed thereof
DE19544926C1 (de) 1995-12-01 1997-04-30 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen des Abbrandes der Kontaktstücke bei einem Schaltgerät
US5941370A (en) * 1996-09-10 1999-08-24 Nichols; Bruce W. Electrical contact wear
DE29720912U1 (de) * 1997-11-25 1998-01-22 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des Kontaktabbrands eines Kontaktstücks
JP2000311574A (ja) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-07 Texas Instr Japan Ltd 電気装置
DE102004040289A1 (de) 2004-08-19 2006-02-23 Siemens Ag Schutzschaltvorrichtung mit elektrischer Anzeige und entsprechendes Verfahren
SI22960A (sl) * 2009-01-13 2010-07-30 Eti Elektroelement D.D. Varnostno električno stikalo s talilnim vložkom
CN101813750B (zh) * 2009-02-24 2014-04-16 施耐德电器工业公司 接触器磨损老化检测装置及方法
DE102010032456B4 (de) 2010-07-28 2012-11-29 Schaltbau Gmbh Elektrisches Schaltschütz
CN202905574U (zh) * 2012-10-17 2013-04-24 吉林龙鼎电气股份有限公司 具有电子式触头磨损厚度检测装置的真空断路器

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105900201A (zh) 2016-08-24
EP3095123A1 (de) 2016-11-23
KR102305065B1 (ko) 2021-09-28
DE102014200681A1 (de) 2015-07-16
WO2015106975A1 (de) 2015-07-23
CN105900201B (zh) 2019-01-15
KR20160107180A (ko) 2016-09-13

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