EP3092341A1

EP3092341A1 - Soil compaction sleeve, roller having such a soil compaction sleeve, vibration exciter device for a soil compaction sleeve and method for soil compaction

Info

Publication number: EP3092341A1
Application number: EP14824367.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Hans Peter Ackermann; Gregor Feils
Original assignee: Bomag GmbH and Co OHG
Current assignee: Bomag GmbH and Co OHG
Priority date: 2013-12-30
Filing date: 2014-12-11
Publication date: 2016-11-16
Anticipated expiration: 2034-12-11
Also published as: EP3092341B1; WO2015101407A1; DE102014018457A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a soil compaction sleeve (8) comprising a sleeve jacket (9) formed in a substantially hollow cylindrical manner, a sleeve interior (11) surrounded at least in part by the sleeve jacket, a vibration exciter device (12) arranged in the sleeve interior and having at least one unbalanced shaft (13), guided in circulation about a rotation axis, with an unbalanced mass (15), wherein the rotational movement of the unbalanced shaft in the rotation axis is drivable by a drive device (16). The invention also relates to a roller (1) having such a soil compaction sleeve (8) and to a vibration exciter device (12) for such a soil compaction sleeve. An essential aspect of the invention is now that the vibration exciter device (12) is arranged in such a way in the sleeve interior (11) that the rotation axis of precisely one unbalanced shaft (13) extends vertically, that the vibration exciter device (12) is arranged in such a way in the sleeve interior via a bearing arrangement that the sleeve jacket (9) is rotatable with respect to the vibration exciter device (12) and the vertically extending rotation axis of the one unbalanced shaft (13) maintains its orientation with the sleeve jacket rotating about a horizontal rotation axis, and that the one vertically extending unbalanced shaft is part of a rotary exciter.

Description

SOIL COMPACTION BELT, ROLLER WITH SUCH A FLOOR COMPACTION BANDAGE, VIBRATION EQUIPMENT FOR A FLOOR COMPACTION BANDAGE, AND METHOD FOR FLOOR COMPACTION

[0001] The invention relates to a soil compacting bandage, a roller, in particular a tandem roller, with at least one such soil compaction bandage as well as a vibration-generating device for such a soil compacting bandage. The invention further relates to a method for soil compaction with a roller having two soil compaction drums.

In a generic soil compacting bandage is a substantially hollow cylindrical body, which is also referred to below as a bandage casing. The bandage casing at least partially surrounds a bandage interior, which is thus the hollow cylinder interior, which is limited in the radial direction to the cylinder axis by the bandages coat and extending in the direction of the cylinder axis on both sides each to a plane which is transverse to the cylinder axis and in which lies the front side of the bandage mantle. Furthermore, a vibration-generating device is arranged in the bandage interior, with the aid of which the soil compaction bandage can be set into vibration. The vibration excitation device comprises at least one imbalance shaft guided circumferentially around a rotation axis with an imbalance, wherein the rotational movement of the imbalance shaft about its axis of rotation can be driven by a drive device. The axis of rotation thus denotes the axis of rotation of the imbalance shaft with its imbalance. The portion of the bandage interior, in which the vibration excitation device is located, is the rest of the bandage interior by two transverse to the cylinder axis of the bandage casing and separated along this cylinder axis spaced disc plates. Bearing elements and parts of the drive train for the soil compacting bandage and / or the vibration excitation device can be guided through openings of the plate discs. The cup wheels usually serve as a fastening device for the hydrostatic drive and for receiving the vibration excitation device and as a conclusion of the soil compacting bandage.

In the prior art, such soil compacting bandages are used, for example, in rollers for underground compaction, especially of asphalt and soil. With such vibration excitation means vibrations, in particular in the vertical direction, can be generated, thus enabling an active compression process. In such vibration excitation means, the imbalance shafts are horizontal in the vast majority of known devices, so that vibrations can be introduced at least partially in the vertical direction on the bandage in the ground. From US 2012/01 14416 A1 a soil compacting bandage is also known, in which the vibration excitation means comprises two juxtaposed unbalanced shafts whose axes of rotation extend in the vertical direction. In such a device, also referred to below as a vertical exciter, it is possible to act on the soil compaction bandage with vibrations lying in a horizontal plane. This can be desired, for example, if gentle soil subsurface compaction is required. The disadvantage of this specific embodiment, however, is that the overall construction is relatively complicated and therefore expensive. Further embodiments are also known from DE 34 1 3 091 A1 and DE 697 31 267 T2.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a soil compaction bandage and a method for soil compaction, which allows a simple structure and at the same time a gentle soil subsurface compression.

The solution of the problem is achieved with a soil compacting bandage, a roller, a vibration excitation device and a method according to the independent claims. Preferred developments are specified in the dependent claims.

An essential aspect of the invention is to provide a soil compacting bandage, the vibration excitation means is arranged in the manner in the bandage interior, that the axis of rotation runs exactly one unbalanced shaft vertically. According to the invention is thus exactly, in particular exclusively, provided a vertical exciter in the compression bandage. By aligning exactly one imbalance shaft in the vertical direction, the imbalance thus rotates in a horizontal plane, so that the vibration excitation device is designed to generate oscillations lying in the horizontal plane. At the same time, the structure of this basic arrangement is comparatively simple and therefore cost-effective, since only one and not more than one vertically extending imbalance shafts are present. Naturally, vibration excitation devices are also included according to the invention which, in addition to the exactly one unbalanced shaft extending in the vertical direction, comprise further unbalanced shafts extending in other spatial directions, in particular horizontally and further in particular transversely to the working direction of the soil compacting drum. It is crucial that in relation to the vertical exciter only one in the soil compaction bandage is provided. It has been found that a vibration spectrum of the soil compaction bandage can be realized with this arrangement, on the excellent soil compaction results, especially with regard to a gentle soil compaction and the soil density to be achieved, can be achieved. At the same time the design effort for the integration of only one vertical exciter in the interior of the bandage casing is comparatively low.

For a specific arrangement of the vibration excitation device in the bandage interior can be used on a variety of different design alternatives. Basically, a suitable bearing arrangement is ideally provided for this purpose, which enables reliable mounting of the vibration excitation device in the bandage interior with aligned in the vertical direction of rotation of the vertical exciter and at the same time a rotatability of the bandage jacket relative to the vertical exciter about a horizontal axis. It is therefore provided according to the invention that the vibration excitation means is arranged on the bearing assembly in the manner in the bandage interior, that the bandage casing is rotatable relative to the vibration excitation means and the vertical axis of rotation of an imbalance shaft in its rotation around a horizontal axis of rotation drum casing retains its orientation. The bearing assembly is thus formed on the one hand in such a way that the bandage casing is relatively movable relative to the vibration excitation device. At the same time, the bearing assembly is preferably designed to allow continuous maintenance of the vertical orientation of the axis of rotation of the one imbalance shaft. For example, the bearing arrangement is also designed such that deviating orientations of the vibration excitation device depend on the orientation of the vertically extending axis of rotation of the one imbalance shaft, in particular in the assembled state of the ground shaft. compression bandage, are not possible, whereby the overall construction can be simplified again.

[0008] According to the invention, a vertically extending imbalance shaft of the vibration generating device is part of a circular exciter. In the present case, a circular exciter is understood as meaning a vibration exciter which triggers a vibration amplitude circulating about the axis of rotation. Essential elements of such a circular exciter are an exciter or imbalance shaft with an imbalance and a drive device or a connection possibility to a drive device. Since the axis of rotation of an unbalanced shaft is vertical, the circular pathogen thus develops vibrations in the horizontal plane during operation. Circular exciters, in particular simple design, can be produced relatively inexpensively and are characterized by a high operational reliability.

Essential parameters which influence the oscillation amplitude of the oscillation excitation device are in particular the revolution frequency and the mass of the imbalance. Depending on the application, different speeds may be desired and / or different imbalance masses or mass distributions. In this respect, it is preferred if the imbalance of an imbalance shaft is formed in two parts, wherein the relative position of the two imbalance parts about the rotational axis of the imbalance shaft relative to each other, in particular two-stage or continuously, is adjustable. The imbalance thus has a first imbalance part and a second imbalance part, wherein in particular the first imbalance part is fixedly connected to the imbalance shaft and the second imbalance part to relatively movable. In this way, the imbalance distribution on the imbalance shaft, in particular in the plane transverse to the rotation axis, can be varied, whereby an amplitude variability is achieved. Two-stage adjustment options, i. Such adjustment possibilities, in which the two imbalance parts can assume two end positions relative to one another, are obtained in particular by so-called envelope weights, as are known in the prior art. A stepless adjustment, however, means that the angular position of the two imbalance parts in the plane transverse to the axis of rotation in a certain angular range is continuously variable, for example via a suitable adjusting.

An essential aspect of the invention is that the vibration excitation device is arranged in the bandage interior. Basically, the entire circumference of the bandage interior can be used here. It has now proven to be ideal to arrange the vibration excitation device in the interior of the bandage in such a way that the axis of rotation of the one imbalance shaft perpendicularly intersects the axis of rotation of the soil compaction bandage. det. The axis of rotation of the soil compaction bandage is that axis about which the soil compacting bandage rotates during the movement operation. In other words, the axis of rotation is the cylinder axis of the bandage casing.

[001 1] In order to achieve the most uniform transmission of vibration to the ground, it is further preferred if the vibration device is arranged in such a way that the axis of rotation of the one imbalance shaft is equally spaced on both faces of the bandage sheath in the axial direction of the axis of rotation. The axial direction denotes a direction that runs along the axis of rotation of the bandage casing or the soil compacting bandage. With respect to the extension of the soil compaction bandage in the axial direction, the imbalance shaft of the vertical exciter is thus arranged in the middle. In particular, it is preferred if the vibration excitation device is arranged in such a way that the axis of rotation of the one imbalance shaft passes through the center of gravity of the bandage. The center of the bandage refers to the center of mass of the soil compaction bandage. It is furthermore particularly preferred if the center of gravity of the bandage lies on the axis of rotation of the soil compacting bandage. In this case, the center of gravity of the bandage therefore lies in particular at the point of intersection of the axis of rotation of the soil compaction bandage and the axis of rotation of the one imbalance shaft. In this embodiment, a particularly uniform and thus gentle vibration transmission is realized on the ground.

To drive the vibration excitation device can basically be used on a wide range of alternative options. In practical use, it has proven to be advantageous if the vibration excitation means comprises a drive shaft which is arranged vertically and is connected at one end, in particular at its upper end, with the drive means. In this case, the drive shaft of the vibration excitation device designates a shaft via which drive energy is introduced into the vibration excitation device. In the simplest case, the drive shaft may be the one unbalanced shaft itself. Ideally, the drive device is now arranged within the bandage interior, in which case a recourse can be made in particular to a hydraulic motor or electric motor connected directly to the drive shaft and in particular to the imbalance shaft. In this way, a very compact and in view of the small amount of space available preferred structure is obtained.

[001 3] Alternatively, a drive gear may also be present, which is designed in such a way that it provides drive energy provided by the drive device into the drive shaft. le transfers. In this case, a transmission is thus interposed between the drive device and the drive or imbalance shaft, so that the drive device and the drive shaft are indirectly in operative connection with each other. This may be advantageous, for example, if the drive device is arranged at a distance from the drive shaft, for example outside the bandage interior or outside the portion of the bandage interior surrounded by the ring washers. In concrete terms, belt drives, chain transmissions or toothed gearing or comparable transmissions can be used here, for example, whereby in particular the use of transmissions arranged essentially in a horizontal plane is preferred.

It is ideal if the drive gear is formed as part of the soil compacting bandage for connection to a arranged outside the disc discs and / or outside of the soil compacting drum drive device. This may be, for example, the drive motor of a superordinate construction machine, in particular a roller with such a soil compaction bandage. This facilitates the change of soil compaction bandage, since in this way the drive gear does not necessarily have to be removed when replacing the soil compaction bandage from the respective soil compaction bandage. In this way a faster exchange is possible. In the present case, everything outside the disc discs is understood to mean anything that does not lie between the two disc discs of the soil compacting bandage. Outside of the plate discs is thus that portion of the bandage interior, which is located outside the axis of rotation of the soil compacting bandage or transversely to the working direction of the roller outside of the limited by the disc plates portion of the bandage interior.

In order to protect the vibration excitation device as possible from external influences, this is preferably encapsulated and includes a capsule housing, in the interior of which at least the unbalance and imbalance wave is arranged. The capsule housing thus encloses essential elements of the vibration excitation device. In particular, areas to be lubricated during operation, hereinafter also referred to as lubrication points, the vibration excitation means are arranged within the capsule housing. A lubrication point refers to a point of the vibration excitation device in which a lubrication between two mutually movable parts is required, as is the case for example in bearings and / or with movable transmission elements. Typical lubrication points are therefore present in particular, for example, bearings, especially for rotating elements, such as the imbalance shaft. [001 6] In order to provide reliable and efficient operation of the vibration exciting device, a so-called oil circulation lubrication is preferably provided. An oil circulation lubrication is present when a lubricating oil circuit can be maintained by circulating within the Schwingungserregungsein direction lubricating oil. Here, too, can be used on a variety of different embodiments, the oil circulation lubrication in particular a pump, especially centrifugal pump includes, which promotes in rotational operations of vibration excitation lubricant oil from an oil sump to lubrication points of the vibration excitation device, in particular to lubrication points of a Umwuchtwelle. In the present case, a centrifugal pump refers to a pump whose driving force is the centrifugal force. The centrifugal pump is designed in particular in such a way that the centrifugal forces occurring in the rotational operation of the imbalance shaft drive the centrifugal pump or its conveying effect. The oil sump refers to a type of reservoir in which lubricating oil draining from the lubrication points and the remaining region of the vibration excitation device is collected. It is ideal if the oil circulating lubrication comprises a supply line running at least partially within the one imbalance shaft of the vibration excitation device and conducting lubricating oil at least partially in the vertical direction. The accommodation within the one unbalanced shaft, which is in particular at least partially a hollow shaft, is extremely space-saving and also allows in particular an implementation of the principle centrifugal pump. For this purpose, the lubricating oil outlet of the supply line is designed to be directed outwards, in particular in the radial direction, and the riser part of the supply line is arranged more towards the axis of rotation.

[001 7] The present soil compaction bandage makes it possible, by virtue of the inventive construction of the vibration excitation device, to act on the soil compaction bandage with vibrations acting in the horizontal plane. In order to prevent the occurrence of processing edges in the practical work, in particular, the outer edges of the bandage casing are preferably rounded outwards in the direction of the axis of rotation of the soil compacting bandage. Thus, the bandage coat on its front sides on a rounded, in section along the longitudinal axis convex, bandage profile and no sharp, right-angled outer edge. So that the protective effect of the underlying surface achieved by the rounding is reliably achieved even with acting horizontal vibrations, the rounding extends in particular in a range related to the width of the soil compacting bandage of> 1%, in particular> 2%, and especially> 5% to the respective end face the soil compacting bandage. In this area, the soil compaction bandage thus deviates from a course of the outer jacket surface with uniform and constant radial distance along the axis of rotation and rather has a decreasing in the direction of the end face outer circumference. Furthermore, the rounding course does not necessarily have to run along a segment of a circular path, but can also be adapted, for example, to the course of an elliptical path or to a segmented path. It is essential that the rounding a kind of wedge to the ground surface is formed and the bandage does not end with a sharp edge to the ground.

The Bodenverdichtungsbandage invention may include a bandage coat, which is formed in one piece or two parts. The latter is particularly advantageous when cornering. A two-part bandage jacket comprises two hollow cylindrical individual cylinders, which are arranged side by side in the direction of the cylinder axis.

In order to further increase the versatility of the soil compacting bandage according to the invention, a further vibration excitation device is arranged according to a preferred embodiment in the bandage interior, whose at least one imbalance shaft extends horizontally and in particular parallel to the axis of rotation of the compression bandage. In this embodiment, therefore, in addition to the one vertical imbalance shaft, at least one further imbalance shaft is present, which, however, is arranged horizontally, so that vibration can be provided via this imbalance shaft, in particular in a plane transverse to the horizontal plane. As before, only a single vertical exciter is provided. In this way it is possible to achieve vibration excitations in all spatial directions with the aid of a single soil compacting bandage.

Another aspect of the invention is also in a, in particular self-propelled, roller for soil compaction with at least one soil compaction bandage, in particular a soil compaction bandage according to the preceding embodiments with a vertical exciter. An essential feature of the roller according to the invention thus lies in the fact that it has a soil compacting bandage, in the bandage interior of which a vibration excitation device is arranged, in which exactly one imbalance shaft is arranged with its axis of rotation in the vertical direction. Thus, the roller can exert horizontal vibrations on this soil compaction bandage and thereby exert a horizontal Verdichtungsrüttelung on the ground. The roller according to the invention preferably comprises a machine frame, on which a drive device is arranged, wherein furthermore a drive gear is present, is transmitted via the drive energy from the drive means in the interior of the bandage casing for driving the vibration excitation device. An essential feature of this embodiment is thus that the vibration excitation means and the drive means are spatially separated, specifically in such a way that the drive means on the machine frame and the vibration excitation means is arranged in the bandage interior. The drive gear is designed such that it transmits the drive energy between these two components, that is, from the drive device to the vibration excitation device. It is preferably provided that the drive gear is guided or extends over only one end face of the two end faces of the soil compacting bandage in the interior of the soil compacting bandage. In this way, a simplified structure of the drive train is obtained.

In order to prevent or at least reduce a vibration transmission from the soil compaction bandage to the machine frame of the roller, the roller preferably comprises a damping device, which is designed essentially for absorbing and damping horizontal forces between the soil compaction bandage and the machine frame. Specifically, the damping device is positioned on the roller so that it damps a vibration transmission from the soil compaction bandage to the machine frame. Preferably, the damping device may be arranged at at least one bearing point between the machine frame of the roller and the Bodenverdichtungsbandage, wherein the damping element is positioned in the vertical direction between the connection to the machine frame and the Bodenverdichtungsbandage. The damping element in this embodiment is thus part of a sandwich-like overall structure, comprising the damping element, which is arranged upwardly and downwardly by a connection to the machine frame or a connection to the soil compacting bandage. The damping element is in particular a rubber buffer. This arrangement requires that vibrations in the horizontal plane cause a shear stress of the damping element. In this way, the damping properties of the damping element can be optimally utilized. The damping device is further preferably formed in such a way that in each case at least one damping element is present on both sides of the soil compacting bandage.

The damping device is further preferably formed in such a way that the bearing point of the machine frame are arranged on the top and the bearing point of the soil compacting bandage on the underside of the damping element. In this embodiment form the machine frame thus loads on top of the damping element, so that the machine weight presses on the damping element. This embodiment is also advantageous since the tensile load capacity of typical damping elements is significantly lower than the compressive load capacity.

In order to further increase the load capacity of the damping device, it is possible to provide that vibrations in a particular direction are damped particularly well. It is therefore preferred that the damping device is designed essentially for receiving and damping horizontal forces acting parallel to the axis of rotation of the soil compacting bandage. The damping device is thus designed such that vibrations are damped particularly well transversely to the working direction of the roller. This can go so far that essentially only vibrations which are parallel to the axis of rotation of the compression bandage are damped by the damping device.

For this purpose, it is for example possible to arrange the damping elements designed to receive shear forces such that the direction in which damp the damping elements shear forces, is parallel to the axis of rotation of the compression bandage. By arranging a plurality of such damping elements, wherein the damping elements are each rotated at a different angle about the axis of rotation, it is achieved that all damping elements dampen shear forces parallel to the axis of rotation, but no damping of forces in other directions takes place, for example radially to the axis of rotation of the bandage , Specifically, this means that the damping device comprises a plurality of damping elements, wherein the damping elements are preferably arranged in a spoke shape or along a circle at equal angular intervals to each other about the axis of rotation of the soil compacting bandage. Vibrations acting parallel to the axis of rotation are thus damped by the damping elements, while vibrations directed radially to the axis of rotation are barely damped or not damped. By this arrangement of the damping elements, a particularly good damping of the horizontal vibrations can be achieved parallel to the axis of rotation of the soil compacting bandage.

Such, arranged around the axis of rotation damping elements prevent the damping of forces in the radial direction of the axis of rotation. Since in the arrangement of a plurality of damping elements, these are arranged at different positions about the axis of rotation, it comes with a relative to the machine frame static arrangement of the damping elements to uneven wear. In order to prevent this, it is preferred that the damping elements are mounted on bearings between the machine frame of the roller and the soil compactor. tungsbandage are arranged, and that the bearings are arranged so that they rotate with a rotation of the soil compacting bandage about the axis of rotation. In other words, the damping elements are not rotationally decoupled from the soil compaction bandage. As a result, they are more evenly stressed, resulting in increased service life.

In order to dampen different vibrations as far as possible, it is particularly preferred if two different types of damping devices are present at the same time, in particular on a soil compacting bandage, wherein a damping device is formed like a sandwich according to the above embodiments and a damping device spoke-like according to the foregoing. This system has proven to be particularly advantageous if the sandwiching damping device is located on that side of the soil compacting drum on which the drive motor of the vibration excitation device is located or via which the drive motor of the vibration excitation device is energized, and if the spoke-like damping device on that side of the Bodenverdichtungsbandage is located on the drive motor for the rotation of the soil compacting drum around the axis of rotation. By combining the two damping devices a particularly good damping is achieved.

The integration of Bodenverdichtungsbandage invention is basically for types of rolls with one or more soil compaction drums into consideration, such as single drum compactors. In a particularly preferred embodiment, however, the roller comprises two soil compacting bandages, wherein at least one of the soil compacting bandages comprises a vibration excitation device whose at least one imbalance shaft extends horizontally and in particular parallel to the axis of rotation of the compaction bandage, so that one of the two compaction bandages forms a vibration excitation device essentially designed for horizontal vibration another of the two soil compacting bandages has a vibration-generating device designed substantially for vertical compression. In other words, in this embodiment, a conventional soil compaction bandage is combined with a vertical compaction soil compaction bandage according to the invention as described above. In the overall result, a compaction system for a roller is provided in this way, which enables a soil compaction or the generation of corresponding vibrations in all spatial directions or three-dimensionally, based on the total roller. During a compression crossing of the roller, a relevant point can thus first be subjected to horizontal vibrations and closing be subjected to vertical vibrations and vice versa, whereby particularly high soil compaction results can be obtained at the same time relatively gentle soil compaction.

The vibration excitation device in the other of the two soil compaction braces can be, for example, a circular exciter, a directional oscillator or an oscillation exciter with a horizontal axis of rotation. Such vibration excitation devices are known in the art.

[0030] It is ideal if one of the two soil compacting drums comprises a vibration generating device in which only one imbalance shaft is arranged vertically and at least one further imbalance shaft is arranged horizontally, in each case with respect to its axes of rotation. This embodiment combines the advantages of soil compaction with horizontal vibration and vertical vibration in a single drum.

In principle, it is possible to control the vibration excitation devices of the two soil compaction bandages individually and independently of one another, for example with a suitable control unit. However, it is preferred if a control unit is present, which controls the vibration excitation means of the two soil compaction bandages. The control unit is thus designed in such a way that it controls the vibration excitation device of the two soil compaction bandages with respect to their operating state, for example the rotational frequency, the control position of the unbalanced parts of a multipart unbalance, the switching on and off, etc. In particular, regulation of the two vibration excitation devices can also take place via the control unit, for example to achieve a defined soil density or the like. The control unit can act on the respective drive means and / or transmission of the vibration excitation means and these taxes.

Of the large number of known rolls, in particular the formation of the roller in the form of an articulated or Drehschemelgelenkte tandem roller, in particular for earth or asphalt compaction, has been found to be preferred. A hinged roller is characterized by an at least two-part machine frame, wherein the two frame parts of the machine frame are connected to each other via an articulated joint. To steer the roller, the relative position of the two machine frame parts is changed via the articulated joint. A speed-steered tandem roller has a machine frame and above each a turntable on this arranged soil compacting bandages. Finally, another aspect of the invention lies in a vibration excitation device for a soil compacting bandage according to the above, in particular in conjunction with a roller as disclosed above.

The vibration excitation device according to the invention comprises exactly one vertically arranged imbalance shaft when the vibration excitation device has assumed its intended position. Such vibration excitation devices are usually traded as structural units.

The vibration excitation device is preferably formed in such a way that the one imbalance shaft whose axis of rotation extends in the vertical direction, in a vertically upper region for the introduction of drive energy, in particular for connection to a drive device or a drive gear is formed. Essential for this embodiment is that the connection of the imbalance shaft to the drive train in the vertical direction seen in the region of the upper end of the imbalance shaft or coming from above. This disadvantageous from a technical point of view first solution has proven to be advantageous for the actual operation of the vibration excitation device, since for example a relatively simple and in particular direct drive energy transmission between the drive device and a vertical imbalance shaft is possible.

A preferred development of the vibration excitation devices further provides that it comprises a top and a bottom, and that a lubricating oil line is present, the lubricating oil coming from the bottom toward the top to at least one lubricating oil outlet directs. The lubricating oil line is preferably at least partially in the interior of the imbalance shaft, which can be designed as a hollow shaft, arranged.

The invention also extends to a method for soil compaction with a two soil compaction drums having roller, in particular a roller according to the above. According to the invention, the method for soil compaction is characterized by the excitation of horizontal vibrations, in particular exclusively horizontal vibrations, in one of the two soil compaction drums and the excitation of vertical vibrations, in particular exclusively vertical vibrations, in the other of the two soil compaction drums. In other words, in the method according to the invention, soil compaction braces are used for the inserts, which are subjected to vibrations or vibrations only in one direction, horizontally or vertically. To this Way must be present in the respective bandages only vibration exciters that can generate vibrations in the appropriate direction, whereby the system is simplified and cheaper overall.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments specified in the figures. They show schematically:

Fig. 1 is a side view of a tandem roller;

FIG. 2 shows a perspective oblique view of a bandage casing; FIG.

3a and 3b show a side view and a plan view of an imbalance shaft;

4 is a sectional view through a soil compaction bandage in the vertical direction and along its axis of rotation.

5a to 5c are schematic side views of two soil compaction bandages one

Tandem roller;

Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of a soil compaction bandage with an alternative vibration excitation device;

7 shows a schematic side view of the soil compacting drums of a tandem roller with control unit;

Fig. 8 exploded view of a damping device;

Fig. 9 is a side view of a sandwich-type damper;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the sandwich type damper shown in FIG. 9; FIG.

Fig. 1 1 is a side view of a spoke-like damping device; and

12 is a sectional view of the spoke-like damping device according to FIG.

Identical components are indicated in the figures with the same reference numerals, wherein not every repeating component in the figures must be continuously designated separately. FIG. 1 shows a roller 1, which is in concrete terms a tandem roller. Essential elements of the roller 1 are a machine frame 2 with a front frame 3 and a rear frame 4, which are connected to each other via an articulated joint 5, a drive motor 6, a cab 7 and a front and rear soil compaction bandage 8. In working mode, the roller 1 moves in or contrary to the direction of work a over the ground subsurface U to be compacted and thereby rolls over the ground with the two soil compaction drums 8.

The Bodenverdichtungsbandagen 8 have a substantially hollow cylindrical bandage casing 9, as shown schematically in Figure 2. In operation, the soil compaction bandage 8 rotates about its axis of rotation D, which extends horizontally and transversely to the working direction a. The soil compaction bandage 8 and the bandage casing 9 have a width B along the axis D and a radius R. The bandage casing 9 may be formed integrally or in two parts with two bandage segments, as indicated in Figure 2 by the dashed line 10. The bandage casing 9 surrounds a bandage interior 11, which is bounded in the radial direction by the bandage casing 9. In the direction of the axis of rotation D of the bandage interior extends on both sides in each case to the end sides or in the radial direction to the outer edges 12 of the bandage casing.

In the bandage interior 1 1, the soil compacting bandage 8 has a vibration-generating device 12, the basic structure of which is roughly indicated in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b. FIG. 3a is a side view and FIG. 3b is a plan view from above. An essential element of the vibration excitation device 12 is an imbalance shaft 1 3, comprising an axle element 14 and an imbalance weight 1 5. The imbalance shaft 13 rotates during operation of the roller 1 about a vertical axis of rotation R _v , which is indicated by dashed lines in Figure 3a. In the state of the vibration excitation device 12 inserted in the bandage interior 1 1, this rotational axis Rv thus extends vertically. By rotating in working mode unbalanced shaft 13 vibrations are generated in the horizontal plane XZ. According to a development, it may further be provided that the imbalance 15 is designed in several parts, as indicated in Figure 3b by the imbalance parts 15a and 15b, which together form the imbalance 15 indicates. In the present exemplary embodiment, the imbalance part 15b is concretely a so-called envelope weight which, depending on the direction of rotation of the imbalance shaft 1 3 relative to the balancing part 1 5a, can assume two different positions. However, conceivable and encompassed by the invention are also vibration excitation devices, which in the way are formed such that the relative position of the imbalance parts 15a and 15b, at least within a predetermined range, in particular angle range, is continuous to each other.

FIG. 4 illustrates further details of the construction of the vibration excitation device 12 and its arrangement within the bandage interior 1 1. The Schwingungserregungsein device 12 is located along the axis of rotation D between the two panes 40. The imbalance shaft 1 3 is arranged in the manner in the bandage interior 1 1, that their axis of rotation Rv is vertical or vertical and perpendicular to the ground. The axis of rotation D of the soil compacting bandage 8 intersects the axis of rotation Rv in the bandage center of gravity 41. At the upper end of the imbalance shaft 13, a drive motor 16 adjoins above, which may be, for example, a hydraulic or electric motor. This drives the rotational movement of the imbalance shaft 13 of the vibration excitation device 12 about the rotation axis R _v directly. The imbalance shaft 1 3 is thus at the same time the drive shaft in this case. The imbalance shaft 13 is rotatably mounted in two storage facilities 1 7 above and below the area of the imbalance weight 1 5. About other bearing elements 18 and 19, this total bearing device is led out on both sides of the front side of the bandage casing 9 from the bandage interior 1 1 and is there connected to the machine frame 2 below in more detail described manner. Compared to the storage facilities 19, the bandage casing 9 is rotatably supported via pivot bearings 20, so as to ensure that the vibration excitation means 12 maintains the orientation of the imbalance shaft 13 in the vertical direction even when the bandage casing 9 is rotating. As an alternative to the drive motor 16, a drive gear 21, which is represented in dashed lines in FIG. 4, may also be introduced from an end face of the bandage casing 9 into the bandage interior 1 1. Drive energy can be transmitted to the imbalance shaft 13 via the drive gear 21 by a drive device outside the drum interior 1 1 or outside the portion of the drum interior 1 1 limited by the sheaves 40, whereby this is preferably done in such a way that the transmission connection of the vibration generating device tion 12 via one end of the imbalance shaft 1 3, in particular the upper portion of the imbalance shaft 1 3, takes place.

Figure 4 also illustrates that the vibration excitation means 12 comprises a housing 22, via which a shielding of the vibration excitation means 12 takes place to the outside. In particular, the elements imbalance shaft 13 and pivot bearing 23 (via which the imbalance shaft is rotatably mounted in the bearing device 1 7) are arranged in the interior of the housing 22. Furthermore, a device for oil lubrication is present in the interior of the housing 22, comprising an oil sump 24, a delivery line 25 and a lubricating oil outlet opening 26. Via the delivery line 25, lubricating oil can be conveyed from the lubricating oil sump 24 in the vertical direction upwards to the lubricating oil outlet opening 26. For this purpose, for example, a corresponding pump 27 may be provided. The elements conveying line 25, lubricating oil outlet opening 26 and pump 27 are arranged in one embodiment in the interior of the housing 22 but outside the imbalance shaft 1 3. In an alternative embodiment, provision may also be made for arranging the delivery line 25 in the interior of the unbalanced shaft 1 3, which is at least partially designed as a hollow shaft, and for providing the lubricating oil outlet at the level of the upper bearing device 1 7, in particular radially outward from the axis of rotation R _v . to achieve in this way a conveyor according to the principle of a centrifugal pump.

In principle, it is possible to form a roller in such a way that it has a soil compacting bandage according to the above embodiments in combination with a conventional soil compacting bandage. This is roughly simplified illustrated in Figures 5a to 5c. On the right, in each case, a soil compacting bandage 8 according to the invention is indicated, which is in each case combined with a conventional soil compacting bandage 8 '. The conventional soil compaction bandage according to FIG. 5a is, for example, a soil compaction bandage with an internal circular exciter with a horizontal axis of rotation R _H running transversely to the working direction a. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5b, a so-called directional oscillator is present, comprising the two imbalance shafts 28a and 28b, so that two unbalance masses arranged in opposite directions are present for generating in particular vertically directed vibrations. Finally, the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5c likewise comprises two imbalance shafts 28a and 28b with rotation axes R _H extending horizontally and transversely to the working direction, wherein in this embodiment the imbalance masses of the imbalance shafts 28a and 28b are designed to rotate in the same direction. All three embodiments according to FIGS. 5a to 5c have in common that they combine a vibration excitation device, via which vibrations are generated in the horizontal plane (right), with a vibration generating device in a further bandage, which is essentially used for generating vibrations, in particular in the Vertical plane are formed. This can be combined with these rollers combined a three-dimensional compaction effect on the ground surface, whereby particularly gentle and at the same time comparatively high soil impermeability are obtained. Figure 6 relates to an alternative embodiment of the soil compacting bandage 8 and is a cross-sectional view through the soil compaction bandage 8 along its axis of rotation D and in the vertical direction. It is essential first that the vibration excitation device 12 next to an imbalance shaft 1 3 with vertical axis of rotation Rv comprises two further unbalanced shafts 28a and 28b, which are aligned with their axes of rotation along the axis of rotation D, ie horizontally, so that the soil compaction bandage 8 according to the figure 6 in one and the same bandage comprises an overall system over which horizontal vibrations and at the same time vertical vibrations can be generated and used for soil compaction.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, a further embodiment feature of the invention is also clarified. Thus, the bandage casing 9 is formed over the width range ΒΊ of constant diameter. However, to its end faces across the width B2, it is rounded on both sides with the inner diameter of the bandage reducing to the outside, so that the bandage casing here has a convex cutting profile. In this way, a kind of wedge is formed between the bandage casing 9 and the ground surface U in this area, which is a gentle soil subsurface working in particular in the presence of horizontal and laterally parallel to the direction of the rotation axis D acting vibrations possible. The rounding-off can also be substantially flatter, as indicated by way of example in FIG. 6 with the dotted line AB. It is further provided that the Bodenverdichtungsbandage 8 according to Figure 6 on one of its end faces a damping system or a damping device according to Figures 9 and 10 and on the other end a damping system or a damping device according to Figures 11 and 12. These will be described in more detail below.

The embodiment of Figure 7 takes up the basic idea of the embodiments of Figures 5a to 5c again. In addition, here a control device 29 is provided, via which a simultaneous control of the vibration excitation means 12 and 12 'in the two bandages, i. a control of the vibrations generating in the horizontal plane and the vibrations generating in a vertical plane is possible. In this way, the operation of the vibration excitation means 12 and 12 ', for example, with respect to the rotational frequency, the angular position of any existing adjustment weights, etc., optimized to each other and adapted for example to the respective soil conditions.

8 schematically illustrates the structure of a preferred damping system for combination with the bandage 8 according to the invention. It is essential that a damping element ment 30 is provided, which is arranged between a machine frame 2 connected to the bearing part 31 and connected to the soil compacting drum 8 bearing member 32 in the vertical direction. Overall, thus, a sandwich structure is obtained, wherein the elements 32, 30, 31 are arranged vertically stacked from bottom to top. In Fig. 8, these elements are shown spaced apart for further clarity in the vertical direction, wherein they are arranged one above the other in the installed state. The weight of the machine frame and the elements mounted thereon is thus introduced into the damping element 30 coming from above and discharged via the lower damping element via the soil compacting bandage 8 in the ground. Thus, the machine frame 2 rests thus coming from above on the upper side 30a of the damping element 30 so that it is loaded by the weight of the machine frame to pressure. If vibrations in the horizontal plane are generated in the soil compacting drum 8, they can be damped by shearing movements of the damping element 30 in the horizontal plane XZ. As a result, the optimum damping potential of the damping element 30 can be utilized.

The concrete use of a damping system according to Figure 8 is shown for example in Figures 9 and 10, wherein Figure 10 shows a sectional view taken along line II of Figure 9. FIG. 9 shows the front side of a soil compacting bandage 8, on which the damping system is mounted via a plate 46, which may be connected, for example, with the disk disk 40 or which is the disk disk 40. The damping system is arranged around an opening 44, through which, for example, the drive motor 16 of the vibration excitation device 12 or a drive train or a hydraulic line or a power cable for the drive motor 16 is guided. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 10, the bearing part 32 connected to the soil compacting bandage 8 is mounted on the plate 46 via a swivel joint 45. The swivel joint 45 is used for rotational decoupling of the soil compacting drum 8 relative to the damping system or the machine frame 2. The bearing part 32 is connected to the bearing part 31 connected to the machine frame 2 via a damping element 30. The weight of the roller 1 is thus transmitted via the machine frame 2 to the bearing part 31 and the damping element 30, and from there to the bearing part 32 and the soil compacting bandage 8. The damping system shown in Figures 9 and 10 is thus a sandwich-like arrangement , which is rotationally decoupled from the soil compacting drum 8 and which does not rotate about the axis of rotation D when the soil compacting drum 8 is rotated. Overall, the damping system thus comprises four damping elements 30. Vibrations in the XZ plane are reliably damped by this system.

An alternative embodiment of a damping system is shown in Figures 1 1 and 12, wherein Figure 12 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of Figure 1 1 shows. Figure 1 1 shows a plan view of the end face of the soil compacting bandage 8 and illustrates that the damping elements 30 are arranged like a spike or star around the axis of rotation D. The individual damping elements 30 are also rotated according to their respective position about the axis of rotation D, wherein the direction in which they dampen shear forces, always parallel to the axis of rotation D. In the example shown, eight damping elements 30 are arranged around the axis of rotation D. The individual damping elements 30 are arranged symmetrically at regular intervals and about the axis of rotation D. As can be seen from the synopsis of the figures, the bearing part 32 connected to the soil compacting bandage 8 is fastened to the soil compacting bandage 8 via a plate 46. The plate 46 may for example be attached to a dish washer 40 or even form the dish washer 40. About damping elements 30 of the bearing part 32 is connected to the bearing part 31, which in turn is connected via a rotary joint 43 and the traction motor 42 with the machine frame 2 in connection. The traction motor 42 is a hydraulic motor that is used to rotate the soil compaction bandage 8 about the rotation axis D, and thus the roller 1 in motion. In the embodiment of the damping system according to FIGS. 11 and 12, the damping system, including the bearing parts 31, 32 and the damping elements 30, thus rotates a rotation of the soil compaction bandage 8 about the axis of rotation D with. Overall, the damping device according to Figures 1 1 and 12 dampens vibrations along the axis of rotation D, while vibrations in other directions are not damped, since the damping elements 30 are not elastic in the radial direction from the axis of rotation D. Overall, a particularly good damping of the vibrations along the axis of rotation D is achieved.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1 . Soil compaction bandage (8) comprising

a substantially hollow cylindrical bandage jacket (9),

a bandage interior (1 1) at least partially surrounded by the bandage jacket (9),

a vibration excitation device (1 2) arranged in the drum interior (1 1) with at least one unbalanced shaft (13) guided around an axis of rotation (Rv) with an unbalance (1 5), the rotational movement of the unbalanced shaft (13) around its axis of rotation (Rv) can be driven by a drive device (16),

characterized,

that the vibration excitation device (12) is arranged in the drum interior (1 1) in such a way that the axis of rotation (Rv) of exactly one unbalance shaft (13) runs vertically,

that the vibration excitation device (12) is arranged in the bandage interior (1 1) via a bearing arrangement (1 7) in such a way that the bandage jacket (9) is rotatable relative to the vibration excitation device (12) and the vertical axis of rotation (R _v ) of an unbalanced shaft (13) maintains its alignment while the drum casing (9) rotates about a horizontal axis of rotation (D), and

that the one vertical unbalance wave (1 3) is part of a circular exciter.

Soil compaction bandage (8) according to claim 1,

characterized,

that the unbalance (15) of one unbalance shaft (13) is designed in two parts, the relative position of the two unbalance parts about the axis of rotation (R _v ) of the unbalance shaft (13) being adjustable relative to one another, in particular in two stages or continuously.

Soil compaction bandage (8) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

that the vibration excitation device (12) is arranged in such a way that the axis of rotation (Rv) of the unbalanced shaft (13) runs through the drum center of gravity (41).

Soil compaction bandage (8) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

in that the vibration excitation device (12) comprises a drive shaft (13) which is arranged vertically and is connected to the drive device (16) at one end.

Soil compaction bandage (8) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

that the drive device (16) is arranged within the drum interior (11) and in particular is a hydraulic motor or electric motor connected directly to the drive shaft (13).

Soil compaction bandage (8) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

that a drive transmission (21), in particular a belt transmission, a chain transmission or a gear transmission, is present, which is designed in such a way that it transmits drive energy provided by the drive device (16) to the drive shaft (13).

Soil compaction bandage (8) according to claim 6,

characterized,

that the drive gear (21) is designed to be connected to a drive device (16) arranged outside the plate disks (40).

8. Soil compaction bandage (8) according to one of the preceding claims, thereby ge n nze i net,

that the vibration excitation device (12) comprises a capsule housing (22), in the interior of which the unbalance (15) is arranged.

9. Soil compaction bandage (8) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

that the vibration excitation device (12) comprises a circulating oil lubrication, in particular a pump (27), especially a centrifugal pump, which, during rotational operation of the vibration excitation device (12), supplies lubricating oil from an oil sump (24) to lubrication points of the vibration excitation device (12), in particular to lubrication points of the an unbalance shaft (13).

10. Soil compaction bandage (8) according to claim 9,

characterized,

that the circulating oil lubrication comprises a supply line (25) which runs at least partially within the at least one unbalance shaft (13) of the vibration excitation device (12) and conducts lubricating oil in the vertical direction.

11. Soil compaction bandage (8) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

that the outer edges of the drum casing (9) are rounded outwards in the direction of the axis of rotation (D) of the soil compaction bandage (8), in particular in an area based on the width (B) of the soil compaction bandage (8) of greater than 1%, in particular greater than 2 % and especially greater than 5%.

12. Soil compaction bandage (8) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in

that a further vibration excitation device (12) is arranged in the drum interior (11), the at least one unbalance shaft (13) of which runs horizontally and in particular parallel to the axis of rotation (D) of the compaction drum (8).

13. Roller (1) for soil compaction with at least one soil compaction bandage (8),

characterized,

that the soil compaction bandage (8) is designed according to one of claims 1 to 12.

14. Roller (1) according to claim 13,

characterized,

that a damping device is present which is essentially designed to absorb and dampen horizontal forces.

15. Roller (1) according to claim 14,

characterized,

that the damping device is arranged at at least one bearing point (31, 32) between the machine frame (2) of the roller (1) and the soil compaction bandage (8), the damping element (30) being in the vertical direction between the connection to the machine frame (2) and the Soil compaction bandage (8) is positioned.

16. Roller (1) according to claim 15,

characterized,

that the bearing point (31) of the machine frame (2) is arranged on the top side (30a) and the bearing point (32) of the soil compaction bandage (8) is arranged on the underside (30b) of the damping element (30).

17. Roller (1) according to claim 14,

characterized,

that the damping device is essentially designed to absorb and dampen horizontal forces that act parallel to the axis of rotation (D) of the soil compaction bandage (8).

18. Roller (1) according to claim 17,

characterized,

in that the damping device comprises a plurality of damping elements (30), the damping elements (30) being arranged in a spoke shape around the axis of rotation (D) of the soil compaction bandage (8).

19. Roller (1) according to one of claims 17 or 18,

characterized,

that the damping elements (30) are arranged on bearing points (31, 32) between the machine frame (2) of the roller (1) and the soil compaction bandage (8), and that the bearing points (31, 32) are arranged in such a way that they are at when the soil compaction bandage (8) rotates around the axis of rotation (D).

20. Roller (1) according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized,

that two damping devices are present, in particular on a soil compaction bandage (8), a damping device being designed according to one of claims 15 or 16 and a damping device according to one of claims 17 to 19.

21. Roller (1) according to one of claims 13 to 20,

characterized,

in that the roller (1) has two soil compaction drums (8), at least one of the soil compaction drums (8) having a vibration excitation device (12), the at least one unbalance shaft (13) of which runs horizontally and in particular parallel to the axis of rotation (D) of the compaction drum (8). , so that one of the two soil compaction bandages (8) has a vibration excitation device (12) designed essentially for horizontal vibration and the other of the two soil compaction bandages (8) has a vibration excitation device (12) designed essentially for vertical compaction.

22. Roller (1) according to claim 21,

characterized,

that the vibration excitation device (12) in the other of the two soil compaction drums (8) is a circular exciter, a directional oscillator or an oscillation exciter.

23. Roller (1) according to one of claims 13 to 22,

characterized,

that both a vibration excitation device (12) with a vertical unbalanced shaft (13) and a further vibration excitation device (12') with a horizontal unbalanced shaft are arranged in at least one of the two soil compaction drums (8).

24. Roller (1) according to claim 23,

characterized,

that a control unit (29) is present which controls the vibration excitation devices (12, 12 ') of the two soil compaction drums (8) relative to one another.

25. Roller (1) according to one of claims 13 to 24,

characterized,

that the roller (1) is an articulated or turntable-steered tandem roller, in particular for earth or asphalt compaction.

26. Vibration excitation device (12) for a soil compaction bandage (8) according to one of claims 1 to 12, in particular for a roller (1) according to one of claims 13 to 25.

27. Method for soil compaction with a roller (1) having two soil compaction bandages, in particular a roller (1) according to one of claims 13 to 25,

marked by,

the excitation of horizontal vibrations, in particular exclusively horizontal vibrations, in one of the two soil compaction bandages and the excitation of vertical vibrations, in particular exclusively vertical vibrations, in the other of the two soil compaction bandages.