EP3090851A1 - Method and device for removing layers - Google Patents

Method and device for removing layers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3090851A1
EP3090851A1 EP16168416.2A EP16168416A EP3090851A1 EP 3090851 A1 EP3090851 A1 EP 3090851A1 EP 16168416 A EP16168416 A EP 16168416A EP 3090851 A1 EP3090851 A1 EP 3090851A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
milling
saw blade
holding device
grinding wheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16168416.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3090851B1 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Uebleis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Braun Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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Braun Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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Publication of EP3090851A1 publication Critical patent/EP3090851A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
    • B28D1/04—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs
    • B28D1/046—Sawing in a plane parallel to the work table
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • B27B5/00—Sawing machines working with circular or cylindrical saw blades; Components or equipment therefor
    • B27B5/16—Saw benches
    • B27B5/18—Saw benches with feedable circular saw blade, e.g. arranged on a carriage
    • B27B5/187—Saw benches with feedable circular saw blade, e.g. arranged on a carriage the saw blade being fitted on a movable carriage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
    • B28D1/04—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs
    • B28D1/043—Gantry type sawing machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
    • B28D1/04—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs
    • B28D1/045—Sawing grooves in walls; sawing stones from rocks; sawing machines movable on the stones to be cut
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/18—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by milling, e.g. channelling by means of milling tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E01C23/06—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road
    • E01C23/08—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for roughening or patterning; for removing the surface down to a predetermined depth high spots or material bonded to the surface, e.g. markings; for maintaining earth roads, clay courts or like surfaces by means of surface working tools, e.g. scarifiers, levelling blades
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E01C23/06—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road
    • E01C23/09—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for forming cuts, grooves, or recesses, e.g. for making joints or channels for markings, for cutting-out sections to be removed; for cleaning, treating, or filling cuts, grooves, recesses, or fissures; for trimming paving edges
    • E01C23/0906—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for forming cuts, grooves, or recesses, e.g. for making joints or channels for markings, for cutting-out sections to be removed; for cleaning, treating, or filling cuts, grooves, recesses, or fissures; for trimming paving edges for forming, opening-out, cleaning, drying or heating cuts, grooves, recesses or, excluding forming, cracks, e.g. cleaning by sand-blasting or air-jet ; for trimming paving edges
    • E01C23/0926—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for forming cuts, grooves, or recesses, e.g. for making joints or channels for markings, for cutting-out sections to be removed; for cleaning, treating, or filling cuts, grooves, recesses, or fissures; for trimming paving edges for forming, opening-out, cleaning, drying or heating cuts, grooves, recesses or, excluding forming, cracks, e.g. cleaning by sand-blasting or air-jet ; for trimming paving edges with power-driven tools, e.g. vibrated, percussive cutters
    • E01C23/0933—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for forming cuts, grooves, or recesses, e.g. for making joints or channels for markings, for cutting-out sections to be removed; for cleaning, treating, or filling cuts, grooves, recesses, or fissures; for trimming paving edges for forming, opening-out, cleaning, drying or heating cuts, grooves, recesses or, excluding forming, cracks, e.g. cleaning by sand-blasting or air-jet ; for trimming paving edges with power-driven tools, e.g. vibrated, percussive cutters rotary, e.g. circular-saw joint cutters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for removing layers of building or workpiece surfaces according to the preamble of claim 1, as well as a device for removing layers of building or workpiece surfaces with a guide device for holding means arranged on at least one slide of the guide device. or grinding wheel, which is set in rotation by means of a holding device arranged on the rotary drive, according to the preamble of claim 3.
  • the milling or grinding wheel is used in building surfaces for the processing of wall, floor or ceiling surfaces, wherein a disc surface is guided parallel to the surface and pressed against the surface to be machined. It is known to perform milling or grinding wheels for machining these surfaces automatically or by means of guiding and holding devices automated to remove layers of material from these surfaces. Work of this nature is time-consuming and sometimes dangerous even if the surfaces to be worked have, for example, contamination, for example in nuclear power plant areas where the surfaces of ionizing radiation or contamination by unstable nuclides were exposed. In addition, the removed material represents a dust load, which also contaminates the interior air of contaminated areas by contaminants.
  • Claim 1 relates to a method for removing layers of building or workpiece surfaces, is proposed in the invention that in a first step with a rotatably mounted on a holding device milling or grinding a recess in the building or workpiece surface with one of In a second step, a blade provided with a cutting flange is inserted into the recess, which is guided parallel to the layer to be removed by means of a guide device in a depth corresponding to the thickness of the layer to be removed, wherein the cutting flange in penetrates the layer to be removed and separates them in cooperation with the cutting plane of the saw blade.
  • the milling or grinding wheel is uncoupled from the holding device and the saw blade is coupled to the same holding device.
  • the ablated layer is thus not completely machined, but only in the region of the initial recess.
  • the milling or grinding wheel can be replaced by a saw blade which carries a cutting flange.
  • Under cutting flange is a centrally arranged on the saw blade and axially projecting from the saw blade surface mounting flange cylindrical shape understood, which is provided on its lateral surface with cutting elements.
  • the cutting flange is set in rotation of the saw blade together with the saw blade in rotation and thus is also suitable for the separation of material.
  • the saw blade provided with the cutting flange is guided parallel to the layer to be ablated by means of the guide device in a depth corresponding to the thickness of the layer to be ablated, the cutting flange penetrates into the layer to be ablated and separates it in cooperation with the cutting plane of the saw blade.
  • the thickness of the layer to be removed can be precisely adhered to since the corresponding depth of the initial recess can be maintained relatively easily and subsequently the saw blade only has to be guided parallel to the surface.
  • the removal of the layer can be done faster and with less dust than when milling or grinding, since the removal of the layer is based essentially on a cutting process in which the saw blade is apart from the area of the kerf of Schneidflansches almost entirely within the ablated layer ,
  • a "cutting process" during the second method step is spoken in distinction to the first method step.
  • the saw blades used in practice are usually diamond saw blades, which could, however, also be referred to as grinding tools with undefined cutting edges, so that the cutting takes place in a similar way as with the milling tool of the first method step.
  • a device for removing layers of building or workpiece surfaces with a guide device for a holding device for a milling or grinding disc arranged on at least one slide of the guide device which rotates by means of a rotary drive arranged on the holding device is offset, wherein the holding device has a coupling part on which either the milling or grinding wheel, or provided with a cutting blade saw blade are exchangeable fastened.
  • the milling or grinding disc on a coupling flange which can be releasably attached to the coupling part as well as the cutting flange of the saw blade.
  • the coupling part thus allows a quick change between the milling or grinding wheel and the saw blade.
  • the guide device is not only used to guide the milling or grinding wheel and the saw blade, but also as an abutment for the contact pressure and torque. It can be designed as a guide rail, for example, on which slides the holding device for the milling or grinding wheel and the saw blade.
  • the guide rail can be attached via rail feet temporarily to a surface to be machined, and removed after completion of the work, to elsewhere again to be mounted.
  • the guide device can also be designed as a robot arm, crane and the like.
  • the saw blade according to the invention penetrates almost completely into the layer to be removed, it is also proposed that the saw blade is coated with a sliding layer composed of a silicon, boron or nitrogen-doped hydrogen-containing amorphous carbon layer of a mixture of sp 2 and sp 3 hybridized carbon atoms is coated.
  • the wear resistance of the coating is on the one hand improves certain graphite-like structure and a hybridized by the sp 3 carbon share certain diamond-like structure, advantageous conditions for a considerable increase in the rupture strength highly loaded saw blades, especially since the coating on a carbon base provides good thermal conductivity, which also contributes to the improvement of the service life. Due to the reduced friction between the blade body and the Zerspanungsgut within the kerf results in a reduced power consumption, so that while maintaining the drive power, the cutting power can be increased accordingly.
  • the abrasive effect of the coating caused by the sp 3 hybridization of the carbon atoms, in conjunction with the more favorable heat load on the blade body, makes it possible to use even thinner saw blades without the risk of overloading.
  • the amorphous carbon layer with silicon, boron and nitrogen, preferably in the order of 10 to 20 wt.% Of the carbon content, the physical properties of the sliding layer can be adapted to the respective requirements.
  • the modification with silicon allows extensive adaptation to customary requirements, because it stabilizes the sp 3 hybridization and improves the temperature behavior.
  • there are advantages in terms of the tribological behavior of the coating are advantages in terms of the tribological behavior of the coating.
  • sp 2 -hybridized and the sp 3 -hybridized carbon atoms it is possible to influence the properties of the coating with regard to the abrasive behavior and the lubricating behavior.
  • proportions of sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms from 30 to 65 wt.%, Preferably from 40 to 60 wt.%, And to sp 3 -hybridized carbon atoms of 20 to 70 wt.%, In particular 25 to 40 wt.%, Favorable Results ensured for most use cases become.
  • the carbon content in the form of a sp hybridization of the carbon atoms should not exceed 20% by weight.
  • an advantageous conveying component running transversely to the cutting direction can be achieved on the material to be cut in the kerf, which promotes the discharge of the material to be cut from the kerf.
  • the overlay is applied to a blade body, which is made for example of a hard metal.
  • Hard metals are sintered carbide carbides that are characterized by a very high hardness, wear resistance and particularly high hot hardness.
  • Carbides consist mostly of 90-94% tungsten carbide as the reinforcing phase, and 6-10% cobalt as a matrix, the composition for the particular field of application of the device according to the invention can be optimized, for example by doping with additional elements.
  • titanium carbide or high-speed steel could be provided as carbide.
  • High-speed steel known in particular by the name HSS (abbreviated to EN ISO 4957 HS) derived from the English name High Speed Steel , refers to a group of alloyed tool steels with up to 2.06% carbon content and up to 30% share of alloying elements such as tungsten, molybdenum , Vanadium, cobalt, nickel and titanium.
  • HS-materials are characterized by high hardness, tempering resistance, wear resistance and a heat resistance up to 600 ° C.
  • the Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention for processing a building or workpiece surface 1, which comprises a guide device 2 and a holding device 3 movably arranged on the guide device 2 for a milling or grinding wheel 4.
  • the guide device 2 is mounted in the embodiment shown by means of two cross member 5 via rail blocks 6 on the surface to be machined 1.
  • mechanical fasteners can be used via screws and the like, magnetic fastening systems, or also by means of negative pressure fastenings.
  • the cross member 5 are always attached only temporarily to the surface 1, and serve as an abutment for receiving contact pressure and torque of the device according to the invention during the removal of a layer.
  • the cross member 5 are designed as rails, on which a carrier 7 is arranged movable via cross member carriage 8.
  • the carrier 7 is movable in a first coordinate direction.
  • a further carriage 9 is arranged, which is movable along the carrier 7 in a second coordinate direction, which is perpendicular to the first coordinate direction.
  • the holding device 3 is fastened to the carriage 9 so that the holding device 3 can be moved by means of the carriage 9 and the cross-carrier carriage 8 in two coordinate directions perpendicular to one another over the structure or workpiece surface 1 to be processed.
  • a milling or grinding wheel 4 is rotatably mounted, which is offset by means of a arranged on the holding device 3 rotary drive in rotation. The attachment of the milling or grinding wheel 4 to the holding device 3 takes place via a coupling part 10 to which the milling or grinding wheel 4 is releasably attached.
  • a Anpress unit 11 can be seen, which is arranged in each case on a cross member carriage 8 and in particular a pressure cylinder 12, such as a pneumatic cylinder comprises.
  • the pressure cylinder 12 is on the one hand fixedly mounted on the cross member carriage 8, wherein the piston of the pressure cylinder 12 moves a guided on the cross member carriage 8 actuator, which is firmly connected to the carrier 7.
  • the contact pressure of the pressing unit 11 is preferably infinitely controllable, the contact pressure defining the milling or grinding depth together with the feed rate.
  • an adjusting motor 13 is arranged on the cross member carriage 8, which controls the movement of the Cross member carriage 8 causes the cross member 5, such as by a gear is driven, which meshes with a arranged on the cross member 5 rack.
  • Fig. 1 to 5 are not shown for reasons of clarity hose or cable feeders.
  • the milling or grinding wheel 4 is provided at its, the building or workpiece surface 1 facing disc surface as with chip-removing abrasive elements made of polycrystalline diamond (PCD). Furthermore, the milling or grinding wheel 4 is provided with a cover 14, which is closed on its, the holding device 3 side facing, and at its, the building or workpiece surface 1 facing side open. In order to make the cover of the milling or grinding wheel 4 denser during the machining of the building or workpiece surface 1, the covering area of the covering hood 14 surrounding the peripheral area of the milling or grinding wheel 4 has elastic jacket elements 15 which are in the axial direction of the milling or milling machine Grinding wheel 4 protrude over the building or workpiece surface 1 facing disc surface.
  • PCD polycrystalline diamond
  • the elastic jacket elements 15 of the covering hood 14 abut against the building or workpiece surface 1 and generate a large extent around the milling or grinding wheel 4 tightly closed area.
  • the milling or grinding wheel 4 has a suction device, which is preferably arranged centrally on the suction hood 14. It is advantageous to provide the cover with a tangentially projecting intake 16 for ambient air. In this way, an air flow within the cover 14 is generated, which initially runs tangentially from the intake manifold 16, starting in the outer peripheral regions of the milling or grinding wheel 4, and is subsequently deflected in an increasingly radial direction until it by means of openings the milling - Or grinding wheel 4 crosses and is sucked by the centrally arranged suction device. Furthermore, the carriage 9 has a suction connection for connecting a suction hose, which is connected to a suction opening in the central regions of the cover 14. Removed material can thus be removed efficiently and without burdening the ambient air.
  • a feed motor 17 (see Fig. 4 ) arranged on the carriage 9, which causes the advancing movement of the carriage 9 on the carrier 7, such as by a gear is driven, which meshes with a carrier 7 arranged on the rack.
  • the in the Fig. 1 to 5 Of course, it is also possible to ensure mobility of the holding device 3 parallel and perpendicular to the building or workpiece surface 1.
  • the operator is connected to the drive motors and the suction device via corresponding cable and hose feeders but stay in a non-contaminated area.
  • the device according to the invention can be further equipped with a programmable controller, with the relevant parameters, such as speed of rotation of the milling or grinding wheel 4, feed rate of the carriage 9, adjustment speeds of the cross member carriage 8, contact pressure of the pressing unit 11, and the travel paths and their sequence , can be preprogrammed according to the respective work situation.
  • the device according to the invention can perform the removal of layers independently and automatically, which brings in extreme environmental conditions, such as in the contaminated area of nuclear power plants, significant advantages.
  • the removal of layers from the building or workpiece surface 1 is carried out according to the invention so that in a first step with the milling or grinding wheel 4, a recess 18 is milled into the building or workpiece surface 1 with a depth corresponding to the thickness of the layer to be ablated, like in the Fig. 1 is shown.
  • the milling or grinding wheel 4 is decoupled from the coupling part 10 of the holding device 3 and a saw blade 19 is coupled to the same coupling part 10 of the same holding device 3, as in the Fig. 2 is apparent.
  • the saw blade has for this purpose a cutting flange 20, which serves on the one hand as a flange for attachment to the coupling part 10, and on the other hand as a cutting tool.
  • the saw blade 19 provided with the cutting flange 20 is subsequently introduced into the recess 18 and guided parallel to the layer to be removed by means of the guide device 2 in a depth corresponding to the thickness of the layer to be ablated, the cutting flange 20 penetrating into the layer to be ablated and separating them in cooperation with the cutting plane of the saw blade 19.
  • This configuration is in the Fig. 3 seen.
  • the saw blade 19 forms a cutting plane which runs parallel to the building or workpiece surface 1, and the cutting flange 20 has a kerf 21, which in the Fig. 3 to 5 easy to recognize.
  • the Fig. 5 are also on the lateral surface of the cutting flange 20th arranged cutting elements 22 to recognize well, which are designed as a diamond segments.
  • the ablated layer is thus not completely machined, but only in the area of the initial recess 18.
  • the milling or grinding wheel 4 can be provided with a cutting flange 20 provided with a saw blade 19 are replaced, which subsequently penetrates into the Zerspanungsgut.
  • the layer to be removed can thus be removed much faster, since much less material volume has to be cut, which considerably reduces the machining time and the tool costs.
  • the thickness of the layer to be removed can be precisely adhered to since the corresponding depth of the initial recess can be maintained relatively easily and subsequently the saw blade 19 only has to be guided parallel to the building or workpiece surface 1.
  • the removal of the layer can also be done with less dust, since less material volume must be machined.
  • the removal of layers of building or workpiece surfaces 1 can therefore be accomplished with the method according to the invention and the device proposed for this purpose, that not only a precise adherence abraded layer thicknesses is possible, but also the removal of layers faster than with conventional methods or devices can, and the dust load is lower.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)

Abstract

Verfahren zum Abtragen von Schichten von Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberflächen (1), bei dem erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen wird, dass in einem ersten Schritt mit einer an einer Halteeinrichtung (3) drehbar befestigten Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe (4) eine Ausnehmung (18) in die Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche (1) mit einer der Dicke der abzutragenden Schicht entsprechenden Tiefe gefräst wird, und in einem zweiten Schritt ein mit einem Schneidflansch (20) versehenes Sägeblatt (19) in die Ausnehmung (18) eingeführt wird, das mittels einer Führungseinrichtung (2) in einer der Dicke der abzutragenden Schicht entsprechenden Tiefe parallel zur abzutragenden Schicht geführt wird, wobei der Schneidflansch (20) in die abzutragende Schicht eindringt und sie im Zusammenwirken mit der Schnittebene des Sägeblattes (19) abtrennt. Die Halteeinrichtung (3) weist hierfür einen Kopplungsteil (10) auf, an dem wahlweise die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe (4), oder ein mit einem Schneidflansch (20) versehenes Sägeblatt (19) austauschbar befestigbar sind.Method for removing layers of building or workpiece surfaces (1), in which it is proposed according to the invention that in a first step with a milling or grinding wheel (4) rotatably mounted on a holding device (3) a recess (18) in the building or workpiece surface (1) is milled with a depth corresponding to the thickness of the layer to be ablated, and in a second step, a cutting flange (20) provided with a saw blade (19) is inserted into the recess (18) by means of a guide device (2 ) is guided parallel to the layer to be removed in a depth corresponding to the thickness of the layer to be removed, wherein the cutting flange (20) penetrates into the layer to be removed and separates it in cooperation with the cutting plane of the saw blade (19). For this purpose, the holding device (3) has a coupling part (10) on which either the milling or grinding disc (4) or a saw blade (19) provided with a cutting flange (20) can be fastened interchangeably.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Abtragen von Schichten von Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberflächen gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1, sowie eine Vorrichtung zum Abtragen von Schichten von Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberflächen mit einer Führungseinrichtung für eine an zumindest einem Schlitten der Führungseinrichtung angeordneten Halteeinrichtung für eine Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe, die mittels eines an der Halteeinrichtung angeordneten Drehantriebes in Rotation versetzt wird, gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 3.The invention relates to a method for removing layers of building or workpiece surfaces according to the preamble of claim 1, as well as a device for removing layers of building or workpiece surfaces with a guide device for holding means arranged on at least one slide of the guide device. or grinding wheel, which is set in rotation by means of a holding device arranged on the rotary drive, according to the preamble of claim 3.

Die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe wird bei Bauwerksoberflächen zur Bearbeitung von Wand-, Fußboden- oder Deckenflächen eingesetzt, wobei eine Scheibenfläche parallel zur Oberfläche geführt und an die zu bearbeitende Fläche gepresst wird. Es ist bekannt, Fräs- oder Schleifscheiben zur Bearbeitung dieser Flächen manuell oder mithilfe von Führungs- und Halteeinrichtungen automatisiert zu führen, um Materialschichten von diesen Flächen abzutragen. Arbeiten dieser Art sind zeitaufwändig und mitunter auch gefährlich, falls die zu bearbeitenden Flächen beispielsweise Kontaminationen aufweisen, etwa in Kernkraftwerksbereichen, in denen die Flächen ionisierender Strahlung oder einer Kontamination durch instabile Nuklide ausgesetzt waren. Zudem stellt das abgetragene Material eine Staubbelastung dar, die bei kontaminierten Flächen auch die Rauminnenluft durch Kontaminationen belasten.The milling or grinding wheel is used in building surfaces for the processing of wall, floor or ceiling surfaces, wherein a disc surface is guided parallel to the surface and pressed against the surface to be machined. It is known to perform milling or grinding wheels for machining these surfaces automatically or by means of guiding and holding devices automated to remove layers of material from these surfaces. Work of this nature is time-consuming and sometimes dangerous even if the surfaces to be worked have, for example, contamination, for example in nuclear power plant areas where the surfaces of ionizing radiation or contamination by unstable nuclides were exposed. In addition, the removed material represents a dust load, which also contaminates the interior air of contaminated areas by contaminants.

Ferner ist es in der Praxis oft wichtig eine vorgegebene Dicke der abzutragenden Schicht präzise einhalten zu können. Eine genaue Einstellung dieser Abtragtiefe ist nicht nur für das "Nivellieren" von Flächen notwendig, sondern auch zum Abrechnen der Dienstleistung und zur Erfüllung der Vorgaben des Auftraggebers. Die Dienstleistung des Abfräsens (Schleifen) von Wänden wird in der Regel in Quadratmeter abgerechnet, wobei sich dieser Quadratmeter meist auf 3 mm Frästiefe bezieht. Muss beispielsweise eine 9 mm dicke Schicht abgefräst werden, wird aus einem Quadratmeter abgefräste Wandfläche eine Berechnungsfläche von drei Quadratmeter. Im Rahmen der Dekontamination von Flächen in Kernkraftwerksbereichen geht man etwa davon aus, dass pro Betriebsjahr des Reaktors die Kontamination einen Millimeter tief in den Beton eindringt, sodass zur Dekontamination pro Betriebsjahr ein Millimeter abgetragen werden muss. Da das Volumen des kontaminierten Abfalls für die Entsorgungs- und Endlagerkosten ausschlaggebend ist, spielt die exakte Abtragtiefe eine große Rolle.Furthermore, it is often important in practice to be able to precisely comply with a predetermined thickness of the layer to be removed. An exact adjustment of this removal depth is not only necessary for the "leveling" of surfaces, but also for the billing of the service and for the fulfillment of the specifications of the client. The service of milling (sanding) walls is usually calculated in square meters, whereby this square meter usually refers to 3 mm milling depth. If, for example, a 9 mm thick layer has to be milled off, a wall area milled out of one square meter becomes a calculation area of three square meters. As part of the decontamination of areas in nuclear power plant areas, it is assumed that per year of operation of the reactor, the contamination penetrates one millimeter deep into the concrete, so that one millimeter must be removed for decontamination per year of operation. Since the volume of contaminated waste is decisive for the disposal and storage costs, the exact removal depth plays a major role.

Es ist daher das Ziel der Erfindung das Abtragen von Schichten von Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberflächen so zu bewerkstelligen, dass nicht nur eine präzise Einhaltung abgetragener Schichtdicken möglich ist, sondern das Abtragen von Schichten auch schneller als mit herkömmlichen Verfahren oder Vorrichtungen erfolgen kann, und die Staubbelastung geringer ist.It is therefore the object of the invention to accomplish the removal of layers of building or workpiece surfaces in such a way that not only a precise observance of ablated layer thicknesses is possible, but also the removal of layers can be done faster than with conventional methods or devices, and the dust load is lower.

Diese Ziele werden durch die Merkmale von Anspruch 1 erreicht. Anspruch 1 bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Abtragen von Schichten von Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberflächen, bei dem erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen wird, dass in einem ersten Schritt mit einer an einer Halteeinrichtung drehbar befestigten Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe eine Ausnehmung in die Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche mit einer der Dicke der abzutragenden Schicht entsprechenden Tiefe gefräst wird, und in einem zweiten Schritt ein mit einem Schneidflansch versehenes Sägeblatt in die Ausnehmung eingeführt wird, das mittels einer Führungseinrichtung in einer der Dicke der abzutragenden Schicht entsprechenden Tiefe parallel zur abzutragenden Schicht geführt wird, wobei der Schneidflansch in die abzutragende Schicht eindringt und sie im Zusammenwirken mit der Schnittebene des Sägeblattes abtrennt.These objects are achieved by the features of claim 1. Claim 1 relates to a method for removing layers of building or workpiece surfaces, is proposed in the invention that in a first step with a rotatably mounted on a holding device milling or grinding a recess in the building or workpiece surface with one of In a second step, a blade provided with a cutting flange is inserted into the recess, which is guided parallel to the layer to be removed by means of a guide device in a depth corresponding to the thickness of the layer to be removed, wherein the cutting flange in penetrates the layer to be removed and separates them in cooperation with the cutting plane of the saw blade.

Vorzugsweise wird dabei zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Schritt die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe von der Halteeinrichtung abgekoppelt und das Sägeblatt an dieselbe Halteeinrichtung angekoppelt.Preferably, between the first and the second step, the milling or grinding wheel is uncoupled from the holding device and the saw blade is coupled to the same holding device.

Die abzutragende Schicht wird somit nicht zur Gänze zerspant, sondern nur im Bereich der anfänglichen Ausnehmung. Sobald diese Ausnehmung in einer der Dicke der abzutragenden Schicht entsprechenden Tiefe angefertigt wurde, kann die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe durch ein Sägeblatt ersetzt werden, das einen Schneidflansch trägt. Unter Schneidflansch wird ein zentral am Sägeblatt angeordneter und axial von der Sägeblattfläche abstehender Befestigungsflansch zylindrischer Formgebung verstanden, der an seiner Mantelfläche mit Schneidelementen versehen ist. Der Schneidflansch wird bei Antrieb des Sägeblattes gemeinsam mit dem Sägeblatt in Rotation versetzt und eignet sich somit ebenfalls zur Durchtrennung von Material. Wird nun erfindungsgemäß das mit dem Schneidflansch versehene Sägeblatt mittels der Führungseinrichtung in einer der Dicke der abzutragenden Schicht entsprechenden Tiefe parallel zur abzutragenden Schicht geführt, dringt der Schneidflansch in die abzutragende Schicht ein und trennt sie im Zusammenwirken mit der Schnittebene des Sägeblattes ab. Auf diese Weise muss für das Abtragen einer gewünschten Schichtdicke viel weniger Materialvolumen zerspant werden, was die Bearbeitungszeit und die Werkzeugkosten erheblich reduziert. Die Dicke der abzutragenden Schicht kann dabei präzise eingehalten werden, da die ihr entsprechende Tiefe der anfänglichen Ausnehmung verhältnismäßig leicht eingehalten werden kann und in weiterer Folge das Sägeblatt nur mehr parallel zur Oberfläche geführt werden muss. Das Abtragen der Schicht kann dabei rascher und unter geringerer Staubentwicklung als beim Fräsen oder Schleifen erfolgen, da das Abtragen der Schicht im Wesentlichen auf einem Schnittvorgang basiert, bei dem sich das Sägeblatt abgesehen vom Bereich der Schnittfuge des Schneidflansches annähernd zur Gänze innerhalb der abzutragenden Schicht befindet. In diesem Zusammenhang wird angemerkt, dass im Folgenden von einem "Schnittvorgang" während des zweiten Verfahrensschrittes in Unterscheidung zum ersten Verfahrensschritt gesprochen wird. Bei den in der Praxis eingesetzten Sägeblättern handelt es sich in der Regel um Diamantsägeblätter, die jedoch auch als Schleifwerkzeug mit undefinierten Schneidkanten bezeichnet werden könnten, sodass die Zerspanung ähnlich wie mit dem Fräswerkzeug des ersten Verfahrensschrittes erfolgt.The ablated layer is thus not completely machined, but only in the region of the initial recess. Once this recess has been made in a depth corresponding to the thickness of the layer to be removed, the milling or grinding wheel can be replaced by a saw blade which carries a cutting flange. Under cutting flange is a centrally arranged on the saw blade and axially projecting from the saw blade surface mounting flange cylindrical shape understood, which is provided on its lateral surface with cutting elements. The cutting flange is set in rotation of the saw blade together with the saw blade in rotation and thus is also suitable for the separation of material. If, according to the invention, the saw blade provided with the cutting flange is guided parallel to the layer to be ablated by means of the guide device in a depth corresponding to the thickness of the layer to be ablated, the cutting flange penetrates into the layer to be ablated and separates it in cooperation with the cutting plane of the saw blade. In this way, much less material volume has to be machined for the removal of a desired layer thickness, which means the machining time and the tool costs considerably reduced. The thickness of the layer to be removed can be precisely adhered to since the corresponding depth of the initial recess can be maintained relatively easily and subsequently the saw blade only has to be guided parallel to the surface. The removal of the layer can be done faster and with less dust than when milling or grinding, since the removal of the layer is based essentially on a cutting process in which the saw blade is apart from the area of the kerf of Schneidflansches almost entirely within the ablated layer , In this context, it is noted that in the following, a "cutting process" during the second method step is spoken in distinction to the first method step. The saw blades used in practice are usually diamond saw blades, which could, however, also be referred to as grinding tools with undefined cutting edges, so that the cutting takes place in a similar way as with the milling tool of the first method step.

Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird des Weiteren eine Vorrichtung zum Abtragen von Schichten von Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberflächen mit einer Führungseinrichtung für eine an zumindest einem Schlitten der Führungseinrichtung angeordneten Halteeinrichtung für eine Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe vorgeschlagen, die mittels eines an der Halteeinrichtung angeordneten Drehantriebes in Rotation versetzt wird, wobei die Halteeinrichtung einen Kopplungsteil aufweist, an dem wahlweise die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe, oder ein mit einem Schneidflansch versehenes Sägeblatt austauschbar befestigbar sind. Hierfür weist die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe einen Kupplungsflansch auf, der ebenso wie der Schneidflansch des Sägeblattes am Kopplungsteil lösbar befestigt werden können. Der Kopplungsteil ermöglicht somit einen raschen Wechsel zwischen der Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe und dem Sägeblatt.For carrying out the method according to the invention, a device for removing layers of building or workpiece surfaces with a guide device for a holding device for a milling or grinding disc arranged on at least one slide of the guide device is proposed which rotates by means of a rotary drive arranged on the holding device is offset, wherein the holding device has a coupling part on which either the milling or grinding wheel, or provided with a cutting blade saw blade are exchangeable fastened. For this purpose, the milling or grinding disc on a coupling flange, which can be releasably attached to the coupling part as well as the cutting flange of the saw blade. The coupling part thus allows a quick change between the milling or grinding wheel and the saw blade.

Die Führungseinrichtung dient nicht nur zur Führung der Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe und des Sägeblattes, sondern auch als Widerlager für deren Anpressdruck und Drehmoment. Sie kann etwa als Führungsschiene ausgeführt sein, auf der die Halteeinrichtung für die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe sowie das Sägeblatt gleitet. Die Führungsschiene kann dabei über Schienenfüße temporär an einer zu bearbeitenden Oberfläche befestigt, und nach Abschluss der Arbeiten wieder abgenommen werden, um an anderer Stelle wieder montiert zu werden. Die Führungseinrichtung kann aber auch als Roboterarm, Kran und dergleichen ausgeführt sein.The guide device is not only used to guide the milling or grinding wheel and the saw blade, but also as an abutment for the contact pressure and torque. It can be designed as a guide rail, for example, on which slides the holding device for the milling or grinding wheel and the saw blade. The guide rail can be attached via rail feet temporarily to a surface to be machined, and removed after completion of the work, to elsewhere again to be mounted. The guide device can also be designed as a robot arm, crane and the like.

Da das Sägeblatt gemäß der Erfindung annähernd zur Gänze in die abzutragende Schicht eindringt wird ferner vorgeschlagen, dass das Sägeblatt mit einer Gleitschicht beschichtet ist, die von einer mit Silizium, Bor oder Stickstoff dotierten wasserstoffhaltigen amorphen Kohlenstoffschicht aus einer Mischung von sp2- und sp3-hybridisierten Kohlenstoffatomen beschichtet ist. Durch eine solche amorphe Kohlenstoffschicht mit einer durch den sp2-hybridisierten Kohlenstoffanteil bestimmten graphitartigen Struktur und einer durch den sp3-hybridisierten Kohlenstoffanteil bestimmten diamantartigen Struktur wird einerseits die Gleitfähigkeit und anderseits die Verschleißfestigkeit der Beschichtung verbessert, was vorteilhafte Voraussetzungen für eine erhebliche Steigerung der Standfestigkeit hochbelasteter Sägeblätter mit sich bringt, zumal die Beschichtung auf einer Kohlenstoffbasis für eine gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit sorgt, die ebenfalls zur Verbesserung der Standzeit beiträgt. Durch die verringerte Reibung zwischen dem Blattkörper und dem Zerspanungsgut innerhalb der Schnittfuge ergibt sich ein verminderter Leistungsbedarf, sodass bei gleichbleibender Antriebsleistung die Schnittleistung entsprechend gesteigert werden kann. Die durch die sp3-Hybridisierung der Kohlenstoffatome bedingte abrasive Wirkung der Beschichtung eröffnet in Verbindung mit der günstigeren Wärmebelastung des Blattkörpers die Möglichkeit, auch dünnere Sägeblätter ohne Gefahr einer Überlastung einsetzen können. Durch die Dotierung der amorphen Kohlenstoffschicht mit Silicium, Bor und Stickstoff, vorzugsweise in einer Größenordnung von 10 bis 20 Gew.% des Kohlenstoffgehalts, können die physikalischen Eigenschaften der Gleitschicht den jeweiligen Anforderungen angepasst werden. Die Modifizierung mit Silicium etwa erlaubt eine weitgehende Anpassung an übliche Anforderungen, weil dadurch die sp3-Hybridisierung stabilisiert und das Temperaturverhalten verbessert wird. Außerdem ergeben sich Vorteile hinsichtlich des tribologischen Verhaltens der Beschichtung. Je nach den Anteilen der sp2-hybridisierten und der sp3-hybridisierten Kohlenstoffatome kann auf die Eigenschaften der Beschichtung hinsichtlich des abrasiven Verhaltens und des Schmierverhaltens Einfluss genommen werden. Mit Anteilen an sp2-hybridisierten Kohlenstoffatomen von 30 bis 65 Gew.%, vorzugsweise von 40 bis 60 Gew.%, und an sp3-hybridisierten Kohlenstoffatomen von 20 bis 70 Gew.%, insbesondere 25 bis 40 Gew.%, können günstige Ergebnisse für die meisten Anwendungsfälle sichergestellt werden. Der Kohlenstoffanteil in Form einer sp-Hybridisierung der Kohlenstoffatome soll allerdings 20 Gew.% nicht übersteigen. Weisen die Beschichtungen der Seitenflächen des Blattkörpers durch Aussparungen oder einen abschnittsweisen Auftrag gebildete Förderkanten auf, so kann auf das Zerspanungsgut in der Schnittfuge eine vorteilhafte, quer zur Schnittrichtung verlaufende Förderkomponente erreicht werden, die das Austragen des Schnittguts aus der Schnittfuge unterstützt.Since the saw blade according to the invention penetrates almost completely into the layer to be removed, it is also proposed that the saw blade is coated with a sliding layer composed of a silicon, boron or nitrogen-doped hydrogen-containing amorphous carbon layer of a mixture of sp 2 and sp 3 hybridized carbon atoms is coated. By such an amorphous carbon layer with a hybridized by the sp 2 carbon content of the slip and on the other hand the wear resistance of the coating is on the one hand improves certain graphite-like structure and a hybridized by the sp 3 carbon share certain diamond-like structure, advantageous conditions for a considerable increase in the rupture strength highly loaded saw blades, especially since the coating on a carbon base provides good thermal conductivity, which also contributes to the improvement of the service life. Due to the reduced friction between the blade body and the Zerspanungsgut within the kerf results in a reduced power consumption, so that while maintaining the drive power, the cutting power can be increased accordingly. The abrasive effect of the coating caused by the sp 3 hybridization of the carbon atoms, in conjunction with the more favorable heat load on the blade body, makes it possible to use even thinner saw blades without the risk of overloading. By doping the amorphous carbon layer with silicon, boron and nitrogen, preferably in the order of 10 to 20 wt.% Of the carbon content, the physical properties of the sliding layer can be adapted to the respective requirements. The modification with silicon, for example, allows extensive adaptation to customary requirements, because it stabilizes the sp 3 hybridization and improves the temperature behavior. In addition, there are advantages in terms of the tribological behavior of the coating. Depending on the proportions of the sp 2 -hybridized and the sp 3 -hybridized carbon atoms, it is possible to influence the properties of the coating with regard to the abrasive behavior and the lubricating behavior. With proportions of sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms from 30 to 65 wt.%, Preferably from 40 to 60 wt.%, And to sp 3 -hybridized carbon atoms of 20 to 70 wt.%, In particular 25 to 40 wt.%, Favorable Results ensured for most use cases become. However, the carbon content in the form of a sp hybridization of the carbon atoms should not exceed 20% by weight. If the coatings of the side surfaces of the blade body have conveying edges formed by recesses or a section-wise application, an advantageous conveying component running transversely to the cutting direction can be achieved on the material to be cut in the kerf, which promotes the discharge of the material to be cut from the kerf.

Die Gleitschicht wird dabei auf einem Blattkörper aufgetragen, der etwa aus einem Hartmetall gefertigt ist. Unter Hartmetalle versteht man gesinterte Carbidhartmetalle, die sich durch eine sehr hohe Härte, Verschleißfestigkeit und besonders hohe Warmhärte auszeichnen. Hartmetalle bestehen dabei zumeist aus 90-94% Wolframcarbid als Verstärkungsphase, und 6-10% Kobalt als Matrix, wobei die Zusammensetzung für das jeweilige Anwendungsgebiet der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung optimiert werden kann, etwa auch durch Dotierung mit zusätzlichen Elementen. Alternativ könnte auch Titancarbid oder Schnellarbeitsstahl als Hartmetall vorgesehen sein. Schnellarbeitsstahl, vor allem bekannt durch die vom englischen Namen High Speed Steel abgeleitete Bezeichnung HSS (Kürzel nach EN ISO 4957 HS), bezeichnet eine Gruppe legierter Werkzeugstähle mit bis zu 2,06 % Kohlenstoffgehalt und bis zu 30 % Anteil an Legierungselementen wie Wolfram, Molybdän, Vanadium, Kobalt, Nickel und Titan. HS-Werkstoffe zeichnen sich durch große Härte, Anlassbeständigkeit, Verschleißfestigkeit und eine Warmfestigkeit bis 600 °C aus.The overlay is applied to a blade body, which is made for example of a hard metal. Hard metals are sintered carbide carbides that are characterized by a very high hardness, wear resistance and particularly high hot hardness. Carbides consist mostly of 90-94% tungsten carbide as the reinforcing phase, and 6-10% cobalt as a matrix, the composition for the particular field of application of the device according to the invention can be optimized, for example by doping with additional elements. Alternatively, titanium carbide or high-speed steel could be provided as carbide. High-speed steel, known in particular by the name HSS (abbreviated to EN ISO 4957 HS) derived from the English name High Speed Steel , refers to a group of alloyed tool steels with up to 2.06% carbon content and up to 30% share of alloying elements such as tungsten, molybdenum , Vanadium, cobalt, nickel and titanium. HS-materials are characterized by high hardness, tempering resistance, wear resistance and a heat resistance up to 600 ° C.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen mithilfe der beiliegenden Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen hierbei die

  • Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung einer Oberfläche während des ersten Verfahrensschrittes,
  • Fig. 2 die Ausführungsform gemäß der Fig. 1 während des zweiten Verfahrensschrittes,
  • Fig. 3 eine weitere Ansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß der Fig. 2 während des zweiten Verfahrensschrittes, wobei der Schneidflansch in die zu bearbeitende Oberfläche eingedrungen ist,
  • Fig. 4 eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Sägeblattes und des Schneidflansches gemäß der Fig. 3, und die
  • Fig. 5 eine weitere Ansicht des Sägeblattes und des Schneidflansches gemäß der Fig. 4.
The invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments with the aid of the enclosed figures. It show here the
  • Fig. 1 a perspective view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention for processing a surface during the first process step,
  • Fig. 2 the embodiment according to the Fig. 1 during the second process step,
  • Fig. 3 a further view of the device according to the Fig. 2 during the second method step, wherein the cutting flange has penetrated into the surface to be processed,
  • Fig. 4 an enlarged view of the saw blade and the cutting flange according to the Fig. 3 , and the
  • Fig. 5 a further view of the saw blade and the cutting flange according to the Fig. 4 ,

Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung einer Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche 1, die eine Führungseinrichtung 2 sowie eine an der Führungseinrichtung 2 beweglich angeordnete Halteeinrichtung 3 für eine Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 umfasst. Die Führungseinrichtung 2 wird im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel mithilfe zweier Querträger 5 über Schienenböcke 6 an der zu bearbeitenden Oberfläche 1 montiert. Als Befestigungsarten können mechanische Befestigungen über Schrauben und dergleichen verwendet werden, magnetische Befestigungssysteme, oder auch Befestigungen mithilfe von Unterdruck. Dabei werden aber die Querträger 5 stets nur temporär an der Oberfläche 1 befestigt, und dienen als Widerlager für die Aufnahme von Anpressdruck und Drehmoment der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung während des Abtragens einer Schicht. Die Querträger 5 sind etwa als Schienen ausgeführt, an denen ein Träger 7 über Querträgerschlitten 8 bewegbar angeordnet ist. Mithilfe der Querträgerschlitten 8 ist somit der Träger 7 in einer ersten Koordinatenrichtung bewegbar. Am Träger 7 selbst ist ein weiterer Schlitten 9 angeordnet, der entlang des Trägers 7 in einer zweiten Koordinatenrichtung bewegbar ist, die senkrecht auf die erste Koordinatenrichtung steht. Am Schlitten 9 ist insbesondere die Halteeinrichtung 3 befestigt, sodass die Halteeinrichtung 3 mithilfe des Schlittens 9 und der Querträgerschlitten 8 in zwei senkrecht aufeinander stehende Koordinatenrichtungen über die zu bearbeitende Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche 1 bewegt werden kann. An der Halteeinrichtung 3 ist eine Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 drehbar befestigt, die mittels eines an der Halteeinrichtung 3 angeordneten Drehantriebes in Rotation versetzt wird. Die Befestigung der Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 an der Halteeinrichtung 3 erfolgt dabei über einen Kopplungsteil 10, an dem die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 lösbar befestigt ist.The Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention for processing a building or workpiece surface 1, which comprises a guide device 2 and a holding device 3 movably arranged on the guide device 2 for a milling or grinding wheel 4. The guide device 2 is mounted in the embodiment shown by means of two cross member 5 via rail blocks 6 on the surface to be machined 1. As attachment types, mechanical fasteners can be used via screws and the like, magnetic fastening systems, or also by means of negative pressure fastenings. However, the cross member 5 are always attached only temporarily to the surface 1, and serve as an abutment for receiving contact pressure and torque of the device according to the invention during the removal of a layer. The cross member 5 are designed as rails, on which a carrier 7 is arranged movable via cross member carriage 8. By means of the cross member carriage 8 thus the carrier 7 is movable in a first coordinate direction. On the carrier 7 itself, a further carriage 9 is arranged, which is movable along the carrier 7 in a second coordinate direction, which is perpendicular to the first coordinate direction. In particular, the holding device 3 is fastened to the carriage 9 so that the holding device 3 can be moved by means of the carriage 9 and the cross-carrier carriage 8 in two coordinate directions perpendicular to one another over the structure or workpiece surface 1 to be processed. On the holding device 3, a milling or grinding wheel 4 is rotatably mounted, which is offset by means of a arranged on the holding device 3 rotary drive in rotation. The attachment of the milling or grinding wheel 4 to the holding device 3 takes place via a coupling part 10 to which the milling or grinding wheel 4 is releasably attached.

In der Fig. 1 ist ferner eine Anpresseinheit 11 ersichtlich, die jeweils auf einem Querträgerschlitten 8 angeordnet ist und insbesondere einen Anpresszylinder 12, etwa ein Pneumatikzylinder, umfasst. Der Anpresszylinder 12 ist einerseits am Querträgerschlitten 8 fest montiert, wobei der Kolben des Anpresszylinders 12 ein am Querträgerschlitten 8 geführtes Stellelement bewegt, das mit dem Träger 7 fest verbunden ist. Der Anpressdruck der Anpresseinheit 11 ist dabei vorzugsweise stufenlos steuerbar, wobei der Anpressdruck gemeinsam mit der Vorschubgeschwindigkeit die Fräs- bzw. Schleiftiefe festlegen. Des Weiteren ist ein Verstellmotor 13 am Querträgerschlitten 8 angeordnet, der die Bewegung des Querträgerschlittens 8 am Querträger 5 bewirkt, etwa indem ein Zahnrad angetrieben wird, das mit einer am Querträger 5 angeordneten Zahnstange kämmt. In den Fig. 1 bis 5 sind dabei aus Gründen der besseren Übersichtlichkeit Schlauch- oder Kabelzuführungen nicht dargestellt.In the Fig. 1 Furthermore, a Anpress unit 11 can be seen, which is arranged in each case on a cross member carriage 8 and in particular a pressure cylinder 12, such as a pneumatic cylinder comprises. The pressure cylinder 12 is on the one hand fixedly mounted on the cross member carriage 8, wherein the piston of the pressure cylinder 12 moves a guided on the cross member carriage 8 actuator, which is firmly connected to the carrier 7. The contact pressure of the pressing unit 11 is preferably infinitely controllable, the contact pressure defining the milling or grinding depth together with the feed rate. Furthermore, an adjusting motor 13 is arranged on the cross member carriage 8, which controls the movement of the Cross member carriage 8 causes the cross member 5, such as by a gear is driven, which meshes with a arranged on the cross member 5 rack. In the Fig. 1 to 5 are not shown for reasons of clarity hose or cable feeders.

Die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 ist an ihrer, der Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche 1 zugewandten Scheibenfläche etwa mit spanabhebenden Schleifelementen aus polykristallinem Diamant (PKD) versehen. Des Weiteren ist die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 mit einer Abdeckhaube 14 versehen, die an ihrer, der Halteeinrichtung 3 zugewandten Seite geschlossen ist, und an ihrer, der Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche 1 zugewandten Seite offen ist. Um die Abdeckung der Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 während der Bearbeitung der Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche 1 dichter auszuführen, weist der, den Umfangsbereich der Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 umgebende Abdeckmantel der Abdeckhaube 14 elastische Mantelelemente 15 auf, die in axialer Richtung der Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 über die der Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche 1 zugewandte Scheibenfläche ragen. Wird die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 mit dieser Scheibenfläche an die zu bearbeitende Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche 1 angepresst, legen sich somit die elastischen Mantelelemente 15 der Abdeckhaube 14 an die Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche 1 an und erzeugen um die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 einen weitestgehend dicht abgeschlossenen Bereich.The milling or grinding wheel 4 is provided at its, the building or workpiece surface 1 facing disc surface as with chip-removing abrasive elements made of polycrystalline diamond (PCD). Furthermore, the milling or grinding wheel 4 is provided with a cover 14, which is closed on its, the holding device 3 side facing, and at its, the building or workpiece surface 1 facing side open. In order to make the cover of the milling or grinding wheel 4 denser during the machining of the building or workpiece surface 1, the covering area of the covering hood 14 surrounding the peripheral area of the milling or grinding wheel 4 has elastic jacket elements 15 which are in the axial direction of the milling or milling machine Grinding wheel 4 protrude over the building or workpiece surface 1 facing disc surface. If the milling or grinding wheel 4 is pressed onto the building or workpiece surface 1 to be machined with this disk surface, then the elastic jacket elements 15 of the covering hood 14 abut against the building or workpiece surface 1 and generate a large extent around the milling or grinding wheel 4 tightly closed area.

Um das abgetragene Material rasch abzuführen weist die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 eine vorzugsweise zentral an der Absaughaube 14 angeordnete Absaugeinrichtung auf. Hierbei ist es vorteilhaft, den Abdeckmantel mit einem tangential abstehenden Ansaugstutzen 16 für Umgebungsluft zu versehen. Auf diese Weise wird ein Luftstrom innerhalb der Abdeckhaube 14 erzeugt, der zunächst tangential vom Ansaugstutzen 16 ausgehend in den äußeren Umfangsbereichen der Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 verläuft, und in weiterer Folge in eine zunehmend radiale Richtung umgelenkt wird, bis er mithilfe von Durchbrüchen die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 quert und von der zentral angeordneten Absaugeinrichtung abgesaugt wird. Des Weiteren weist der Schlitten 9 einen Absaugstutzen zum Anschluss eines Absaugschlauches auf, der mit einer Absaugöffnung in den zentralen Bereichen der Abdeckhaube 14 verbunden ist. Abgetragenes Material kann somit effizient und ohne Belastung der Umgebungsluft abgeführt werden.In order to dissipate the removed material quickly, the milling or grinding wheel 4 has a suction device, which is preferably arranged centrally on the suction hood 14. It is advantageous to provide the cover with a tangentially projecting intake 16 for ambient air. In this way, an air flow within the cover 14 is generated, which initially runs tangentially from the intake manifold 16, starting in the outer peripheral regions of the milling or grinding wheel 4, and is subsequently deflected in an increasingly radial direction until it by means of openings the milling - Or grinding wheel 4 crosses and is sucked by the centrally arranged suction device. Furthermore, the carriage 9 has a suction connection for connecting a suction hose, which is connected to a suction opening in the central regions of the cover 14. Removed material can thus be removed efficiently and without burdening the ambient air.

Des Weiteren ist ein Vorschubmotor 17 (siehe Fig. 4) am Schlitten 9 angeordnet, der die Vorschubbewegung des Schlittens 9 am Träger 7 bewirkt, etwa indem ein Zahnrad angetrieben wird, das mit einer am Träger 7 angeordneten Zahnstange kämmt.Furthermore, a feed motor 17 (see Fig. 4 ) arranged on the carriage 9, which causes the advancing movement of the carriage 9 on the carrier 7, such as by a gear is driven, which meshes with a carrier 7 arranged on the rack.

Die in den Fig. 1 bis 5 dargestellte Führungseinrichtung 2 kann freilich auch anders ausgeführt werden, wesentlich ist dabei lediglich die Sicherstellung einer Bewegbarkeit der Halteeinrichtung 3 parallel und senkrecht zur Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche 1. Die Bedienperson ist mit den Antriebsmotoren und der Absaugeinrichtung über entsprechende Kabel- und Schlauchzuführungen verbunden, kann sich jedoch etwa in einem nicht kontaminierten Bereich aufhalten. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung kann des Weiteren mit einer programmierbaren Steuerung ausgestattet werden, mit der die maßgeblichen Parameter, wie etwa Drehgeschwindigkeit der Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4, Vorschubgeschwindigkeit des Schlittens 9, Verstellgeschwindigkeiten der Querträgerschlitten 8, Anpressdruck der Anpresseinheit 11, sowie die Verfahrwege und deren Abfolge, entsprechend der jeweiligen Arbeitssituation vorprogrammiert werden können. Damit kann die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung das Abtragen von Schichten selbständig und automatisch durchführen, was bei extremen Umweltbedingungen, wie zum Beispiel im kontaminierten Bereich von Kernkraftwerken, erhebliche Vorteile bringt.The in the Fig. 1 to 5 Of course, it is also possible to ensure mobility of the holding device 3 parallel and perpendicular to the building or workpiece surface 1. The operator is connected to the drive motors and the suction device via corresponding cable and hose feeders but stay in a non-contaminated area. The device according to the invention can be further equipped with a programmable controller, with the relevant parameters, such as speed of rotation of the milling or grinding wheel 4, feed rate of the carriage 9, adjustment speeds of the cross member carriage 8, contact pressure of the pressing unit 11, and the travel paths and their sequence , can be preprogrammed according to the respective work situation. Thus, the device according to the invention can perform the removal of layers independently and automatically, which brings in extreme environmental conditions, such as in the contaminated area of nuclear power plants, significant advantages.

Das Abtragen von Schichten von der Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche 1 erfolgt dabei erfindungsgemäß so, dass in einem ersten Schritt mit der Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 eine Ausnehmung 18 in die Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche 1 mit einer der Dicke der abzutragenden Schicht entsprechenden Tiefe gefräst wird, wie in der Fig. 1 gezeigt ist. Sobald die Ausnehmung 18 fertiggestellt wurde, wird die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 vom Kopplungsteil 10 der Halteeinrichtung 3 abgekoppelt und ein Sägeblatt 19 an denselben Kopplungsteil 10 derselben Halteeinrichtung 3 angekoppelt, wie in der Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist. Das Sägeblatt weist hierzu einen Schneidflansch 20 auf, der einerseits als Flansch zur Befestigung am Kopplungsteil 10 dient, und andererseits als Schneidwerkzeug.The removal of layers from the building or workpiece surface 1 is carried out according to the invention so that in a first step with the milling or grinding wheel 4, a recess 18 is milled into the building or workpiece surface 1 with a depth corresponding to the thickness of the layer to be ablated, like in the Fig. 1 is shown. Once the recess 18 has been completed, the milling or grinding wheel 4 is decoupled from the coupling part 10 of the holding device 3 and a saw blade 19 is coupled to the same coupling part 10 of the same holding device 3, as in the Fig. 2 is apparent. The saw blade has for this purpose a cutting flange 20, which serves on the one hand as a flange for attachment to the coupling part 10, and on the other hand as a cutting tool.

In einem zweiten Schritt wird in weiterer Folge das mit dem Schneidflansch 20 versehene Sägeblatt 19 in die Ausnehmung 18 eingeführt und mittels der Führungseinrichtung 2 in einer der Dicke der abzutragenden Schicht entsprechenden Tiefe parallel zur abzutragenden Schicht geführt, wobei der Schneidflansch 20 in die abzutragende Schicht eindringt und sie im Zusammenwirken mit der Schnittebene des Sägeblattes 19 abtrennt. Diese Konfiguration ist in der Fig. 3 ersichtlich. Das Sägeblatt 19 bildet dabei eine Schnittebene, die parallel zur Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche 1 verläuft, und der Schneidflansch 20 eine Schnittfuge 21, die in den Fig. 3 bis 5 gut zu erkennen ist. In der Fig. 5 sind ferner die an der Mantelfläche des Schneidflansches 20 angeordneten Schneidelemente 22 gut zu erkennen, die etwa als Diamantsegmente ausgeführt sind.In a second step, the saw blade 19 provided with the cutting flange 20 is subsequently introduced into the recess 18 and guided parallel to the layer to be removed by means of the guide device 2 in a depth corresponding to the thickness of the layer to be ablated, the cutting flange 20 penetrating into the layer to be ablated and separating them in cooperation with the cutting plane of the saw blade 19. This configuration is in the Fig. 3 seen. The saw blade 19 forms a cutting plane which runs parallel to the building or workpiece surface 1, and the cutting flange 20 has a kerf 21, which in the Fig. 3 to 5 easy to recognize. In the Fig. 5 are also on the lateral surface of the cutting flange 20th arranged cutting elements 22 to recognize well, which are designed as a diamond segments.

Die abzutragende Schicht wird somit nicht zur Gänze zerspant, sondern nur im Bereich der anfänglichen Ausnehmung 18. Sobald diese Ausnehmung 18 in einer der Dicke der abzutragenden Schicht entsprechenden Tiefe angefertigt wurde, kann die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe 4 durch ein mit einem Schneidflansch 20 versehenes Sägeblatt 19 ersetzt werden, das in weiterer Folge in das Zerspanungsgut eindringt. Die abzutragende Schicht kann somit viel rascher entfernt werden, da viel weniger Materialvolumen zerspant werden muss, was die Bearbeitungszeit und die Werkzeugkosten erheblich reduziert. Die Dicke der abzutragenden Schicht kann dabei präzise eingehalten werden, da die ihr entsprechende Tiefe der anfänglichen Ausnehmung verhältnismäßig leicht eingehalten werden kann und in weiterer Folge das Sägeblatt 19 nur mehr parallel zur Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche 1 geführt werden muss. Das Abtragen der Schicht kann dabei auch unter geringerer Staubentwicklung erfolgen, da weniger Materialvolumen zerspant werden muss.The ablated layer is thus not completely machined, but only in the area of the initial recess 18. Once this recess 18 has been made in a depth corresponding to the thickness of the layer to be removed, the milling or grinding wheel 4 can be provided with a cutting flange 20 provided with a saw blade 19 are replaced, which subsequently penetrates into the Zerspanungsgut. The layer to be removed can thus be removed much faster, since much less material volume has to be cut, which considerably reduces the machining time and the tool costs. The thickness of the layer to be removed can be precisely adhered to since the corresponding depth of the initial recess can be maintained relatively easily and subsequently the saw blade 19 only has to be guided parallel to the building or workpiece surface 1. The removal of the layer can also be done with less dust, since less material volume must be machined.

Das Abtragen von Schichten von Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberflächen 1 kann daher mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und der hierfür vorgeschlagenen Vorrichtung so bewerkstelligt werden, dass nicht nur eine präzise Einhaltung abgetragener Schichtdicken möglich ist, sondern das Abtragen von Schichten auch schneller als mit herkömmlichen Verfahren oder Vorrichtungen erfolgen kann, und die Staubbelastung geringer ist.The removal of layers of building or workpiece surfaces 1 can therefore be accomplished with the method according to the invention and the device proposed for this purpose, that not only a precise adherence abraded layer thicknesses is possible, but also the removal of layers faster than with conventional methods or devices can, and the dust load is lower.

Claims (4)

Verfahren zum Abtragen von Schichten von Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberflächen (1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem ersten Schritt mit einer an einer Halteeinrichtung (3) drehbar befestigten Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe (4) eine Ausnehmung (18) in die Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberfläche (1) mit einer der Dicke der abzutragenden Schicht entsprechenden Tiefe gefräst wird, und in einem zweiten Schritt ein mit einem Schneidflansch (20) versehenes Sägeblatt (19) in die Ausnehmung (18) eingeführt wird, das mittels einer Führungseinrichtung (2) in einer der Dicke der abzutragenden Schicht entsprechenden Tiefe parallel zur abzutragenden Schicht geführt wird, wobei der Schneidflansch (20) in die abzutragende Schicht eindringt und sie im Zusammenwirken mit der Schnittebene des Sägeblattes (19) abtrennt.Method for removing layers of building or workpiece surfaces (1), characterized in that in a first step with a milling or grinding wheel (4) rotatably mounted on a holding device (3) a recess (18) in the building or workpiece surface (1) is milled with a depth corresponding to the thickness of the layer to be removed, and in a second step, a cutting flange (20) provided with a saw blade (19) is inserted into the recess (18) by means of a guide device (2) in a the thickness of the layer to be removed corresponding depth is performed parallel to the ablated layer, wherein the cutting flange (20) penetrates into the layer to be removed and separates them in cooperation with the cutting plane of the saw blade (19). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Schritt die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe (4) von der Halteeinrichtung (3) abgekoppelt wird und das Sägeblatt (19) an dieselbe Halteeinrichtung (3) angekoppelt wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that between the first and the second step, the milling or grinding wheel (4) is decoupled from the holding device (3) and the saw blade (19) is coupled to the same holding device (3). Vorrichtung zum Abtragen von Schichten von Bauwerks- oder Werkstückoberflächen (1) mit einer Führungseinrichtung (2) für eine an zumindest einem Schlitten (9) der Führungseinrichtung (2) angeordneten Halteeinrichtung (3) für eine Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe (4), die mittels eines an der Halteeinrichtung (3) angeordneten Drehantriebes in Rotation versetzt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Halteeinrichtung (3) einen Kopplungsteil (10) aufweist, an dem wahlweise die Fräs- oder Schleifscheibe (4), oder ein mit einem Schneidflansch (20) versehenes Sägeblatt (19) austauschbar befestigbar sind.Device for removing layers of building or workpiece surfaces (1) with guide means (2) for a holding device (3) for a milling or grinding wheel (4) arranged on at least one carriage (9) of the guide device (2) a rotary drive arranged on the holding device (3) is set in rotation, characterized in that the holding device (3) has a coupling part (10) on which optionally the milling or grinding wheel (4), or one with a cutting flange (20) provided saw blade (19) are exchangeable fastened. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sägeblatt (19) mit einer Gleitschicht beschichtet ist, die von einer mit Silizium, Bor oder Stickstoff dotierten wasserstoffhaltigen amorphen Kohlenstoffschicht aus einer Mischung von sp2- und sp3-hybridisierten Kohlenstoffatomen beschichtet ist.Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the saw blade (19) is coated with a sliding layer which is coated by a silicon, boron or nitrogen-doped hydrogen-containing amorphous carbon layer of a mixture of sp 2 - and sp 3 -hybridized carbon atoms.
EP16168416.2A 2015-05-07 2016-05-04 Method of removing layers of building work or workpiece surfaces Active EP3090851B1 (en)

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