EP3087580B1 - Mikrowellengenerator mit oszillierender virtueller kathode, mit achsgeometrie, mit mindestens einem reflektor und einem magnetring mit konfiguration zur ansteuerung durch einen hochohmigen generator - Google Patents

Mikrowellengenerator mit oszillierender virtueller kathode, mit achsgeometrie, mit mindestens einem reflektor und einem magnetring mit konfiguration zur ansteuerung durch einen hochohmigen generator Download PDF

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EP3087580B1
EP3087580B1 EP14830991.7A EP14830991A EP3087580B1 EP 3087580 B1 EP3087580 B1 EP 3087580B1 EP 14830991 A EP14830991 A EP 14830991A EP 3087580 B1 EP3087580 B1 EP 3087580B1
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Prior art keywords
reflector
cathode
distance
reflectors
thin anode
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French (fr)
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EP3087580A1 (de
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Stéphanie CHAMPEAUX
Philippe Gouard
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/32—Tubes with plural reflection, e.g. Coeterier tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/74—Tubes specially designed to act as transit-time diode oscillators, e.g. monotrons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an oscillating virtual cathode microwave wave generating device (often referred to as VIRCATOR, derived from the English expression "VIRtual CAthode oscillaTOR”).
  • VIRCATOR oscillating virtual cathode microwave wave generating device
  • VIRCATOR An oscillating virtual cathode wave generator device of the prior art, or VIRCATOR, is shown schematically on the figure 1 .
  • the VIRCATOR comprises a diode consisting of a cathode 2 and an anode 3 + 4, emitting an electron beam 1, and a cylindrical waveguide 5.
  • the anode consists of a thick armature 3 and a thin sheet 4 (often referred to hereafter as "thin anode 4" for simplification).
  • the term "thin” is used here to mean that the sheet of the anode 4 has a thickness of the order of a micrometer, that is to say of a few microns or even a few tenths of a micrometer.
  • the thin sheet 4 is coupled to the cylindrical waveguide 5.
  • the thin anode 4 separates the cathode 2 from the cylindrical waveguide 5 by being located at an input of the waveguide 5, at an interface between the thick frame 3 and the waveguide 5; and the thick frame 3 generally surrounds the cathode 2.
  • This type of device is known to produce microwave pulses of high power.
  • a potential difference is applied across the terminals of the diode 2 + 3 + 4 creating an electronic emission at the cathode 2.
  • the electron beam 1 bursts under the effect of its own space charge.
  • the transverse components of the electric field with respect to an axis z representing a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical waveguide 5, cancel each other out.
  • the electron beam 1 then begins to pinch under the effect of its magnetic field.
  • the current entering the cylindrical waveguide 5 exceeds the space charge limiting current (called the "critical" current, noted I c )
  • the electron density becomes so strong that the beam can no longer propagate in the waveguide 5.
  • a charge accumulation 6, commonly called “virtual cathode 6” is then formed beyond the thin sheet 4.
  • the virtual cathode 6 deviates many electrons until some return to the cathode 2, through the thin sheet 4.
  • the radius of the beam r entering the waveguide is of the order of the radius of the cylindrical waveguide R G.
  • An order of magnitude of the critical current I c (in kilo-amperes) is then given by the following simplified expression: I vs ⁇ 17 ⁇ 2 / 3 - 1 3 / 2
  • the figure 1 represents a formation of an oscillating virtual cathode in a VIRCATOR-type device of the prior art when the beam current exceeds the critical current in the waveguide 5.
  • the figure 2 represents the characteristic "diamond" signature of the oscillating virtual cathode 6 in the phase space with the acceleration and deceleration of the electrons at the passage of the thin anode 4 in their path of the cathode 2 to the virtual cathode 6 and vice versa, that is to say the amount of movement in the longitudinal direction and depending on the longitudinal position.
  • the virtual cathode 6 moves around an average position which is at a distance from the thin anode 4 approximately equal to that which separates the thin anode 4 from the emitting cathode 2 (the latter distance being denoted by d AK ) .
  • the electrons which are returned by the virtual cathode 6 to the cathode 2 while passing through the thin anode 4 are modulated at the frequency of the microwave wave 7 and interact with the electron beam 1 created in the space between the cathode 2 and the thin anode 4 by modulating it slightly.
  • These backscattered electrons are braked between the thin anode 4 and the cathode 2. They are also diverted mainly towards the reinforcement of the anode 3.
  • the electrons which cross the virtual cathode 6 take up energy from the microwave wave 7 which propagates in the waveguide 5, thus decreasing its intensity.
  • TM 0n the axial component of its magnetic field being zero.
  • the radius R G of the cylindrical waveguide 5 is greater than the cutoff wavelength of the mode. following TM 02 .
  • the radius R c of the cathode 2 then preferably satisfies the following relation: R vs ⁇ 1.8412 R BOY WUT k 01 ⁇ 0.75 ⁇ R BOY WUT
  • the device described above is of simple design. Its operation is robust and does not require recourse to an external magnetic field. On the other hand, its power output (ratio of the maximum power of the wave emitted to the maximum electrical power injected into the diode) is very low, of the order of approximately 1%. Moreover, the frequencies of the emitted wave directly follow the temporal variations of the applied voltage, which leads to obtaining an electromagnetic wave of poor spectral quality.
  • This type of device has for example been the subject of the patent application WO2006 / 037918 .
  • An example of a device as described in this application is represented on the figures 3 and 4 .
  • the reflectors are typically thin walls (that is to say of the order of one micrometer thick), transparent to the electrons and able to totally reflect the microwave wave 7 created by a virtual cathode.
  • they have a circular cylindrical shape, that is to say disk. They are often made of aluminized mylar.
  • a first reflector 8 is positioned inside the waveguide 5 at a distance D1 from the thin anode 4.
  • This distance D1 is equal to substantially twice the distance d AK which separates the thin anode 4 from the cathode 2, such that a virtual cathode is created and positioned approximately midway between the thin anode 4 and the first reflector 8.
  • an additional reflector 9 is positioned in the cylindrical waveguide 5 beyond the first reflector 8, so that the distance separating two successive reflectors is substantially twice the distance d AK that separates the reflector 8.
  • thin anode 4 of the cathode 2 that is to say substantially the distance D1.
  • Reflectors can be "closed” or “open”. As illustrated by figures 3 and 4 a reflector is said to be “closed” when it completely encloses a straight section of the cylindrical waveguide 5 (this is the case, for example, of the first reflector 8), and a reflector is said to be “open” when it is not obstructs a centered fraction of cross-section of the cylindrical waveguide 5, leaving a substantially annular opening 10 between the periphery of the reflector and the inner wall of the waveguide 5 (this is the case in the present example, additional reflector 9).
  • the reflector farthest from the thin anode 4 is preferably open to promote the propagation of the microwave wave towards the output of the cylindrical waveguide 5, the output being the end of the cylindrical waveguide 5 opposite to where the thin anode 4 is located.
  • an open reflector has a radius R greater than or equal to substantially 0.75 times the radius R G of the cylindrical waveguide 5 to reflect the maximum of the radial component of the electric field of the wave.
  • the first reflector 8 has the function of reflecting the wave emitted by the virtual cathode, such as the thin anode 4.
  • the wave reflected by the first reflector 8 interacts again with the electrons and the virtual cathode, amplifying the microwave wave 7.
  • a first pseudo-cavity 11, cylindrical, formed between the thin anode 4, the first reflector 8 and an inner wall of the waveguide cylindrical 5 reinforces the power of the wave created by the virtual cathode. This enhancement of the wave contributes to improving the packetization of the electrons of the virtual cathode at the desired frequency.
  • the microwave and packetization enhancement mechanism 7 in the first pseudo-cavity 11 is duplicated in subsequent pseudo-cavities formed by two successive reflectors (for example the first reflector 8 and the additional reflector 9 on the figure 3 ) and the cylindrical waveguide 5.
  • the electromagnetic wave emitted by the (i + 1) th virtual cathode can flow in the waveguide 5 beyond the reflector (i + 1), in the direction the output of the guide, via the annular opening 10 present between the periphery of the reflector (i + 1) and the inner wall of the waveguide 5.
  • This type of device with reflectors makes it possible to obtain significantly improved performances compared with devices of the prior art without a reflector.
  • a device emitting in band S at the output of the waveguide, that is to say in a frequency range from 2 GHz to 4 GHz, a single open reflector displays a performance improvement of the order of 4%.
  • the addition of a second open reflector leads to an improvement of the order of 10%.
  • All the reflectors E i are "open" to facilitate the propagation of the wave emitted by the different virtual cathodes to the output of the waveguide 5.
  • the radius of the first reflector E 1 located after the thin anode 4 in the waveguide 5 is preferably greater than or equal to 0.75 R G. It thus reflects the maximum of the radial component of the electric field of the wave and thus strengthens the microwave wave emitted by the first virtual cathode, that is to say the virtual cathode formed just after the thin anode 4, between the thin anode 4 and the first reflector E 1 .
  • the reflectors E 1 to E 4 are of the same radius while the last reflector, E 5 , is of smaller radius.
  • a device according to the invention described in the French patent application filed under number 12/62385, and not yet published, makes it possible to considerably increase the performance of a conventional axial VIRCATOR of the prior art, and in particular of an axial VIRCATOR with reflectors of the prior art as described in the application WO2006 / 037918 .
  • a device with five non-constant ray reflectors (with the radius of each reflector less than or equal to that of the immediately preceding reflector), transmitting in an S-band (i.e. in a frequency range from 2 GHz at 4 GHz), shows a return of 21%.
  • the figure 6 represents a propagation of an electron beam in the waveguide 5 in quasi-laminar mode when the impedance Z of the generator is greater than the critical impedance Z c . This has the effect that no virtual cathode is formed.
  • the figure 7 represents, for illustrative purposes, the absence of oscillating virtual cathode formation in the phase space. No electron can then be sent back towards the cathode 2 through the thin anode 4.
  • the object of the present application is to remedy at least in part the aforementioned drawbacks, and to further lead to other advantages.
  • the object of the present application is more particularly to enable an axial VIRCATOR type virtual cathode microwave generator device, with reflectors, to be able to operate while being coupled to a generator whose impedance Z exceeds the critical impedance. Z c .
  • an oscillating virtual cathode microwave wave generating device having an axial geometry, comprising a cathode, a thin anode and a cylindrical waveguide, of longitudinal axis z and of radius R G , having a first end forming an inlet of the cylindrical waveguide and a second end forming an output of the cylindrical waveguide, the cathode being positioned upstream of the input of the cylindrical waveguide and configured to emitting electrons, and the thin anode being positioned at the entrance of the cylindrical waveguide, between the cathode and the cylindrical waveguide, and the device further comprising at least a first reflector located in the guide of wave, electron-transparent and configured to reflect a microwave wave created by at least one virtual cathode generated in the waveguide, the device being characterized in that it comprises in addition a narrow magnetic ring of width L M along the longitudinal axis z, positioned externally around the cylindrical waveguide at a distance d AM from the thin ano
  • the magnetic ring has a width L M between about d AK and about half of the radius of the waveguide R G. It is for example equal to about d AK .
  • the magnetic ring further has an inner radius R M which is greater than R G so that the magnetic ring surrounds the waveguide.
  • the magnetic ring for example surrounds the waveguide at a distance from it.
  • the magnetic ring is connected to the waveguide, or even in contact therewith.
  • the magnetic ring has a thickness, for example, chosen by a user according to the other sizing parameters of the device.
  • the magnetic ring is for example a current coil or a permanent magnet so that it is then possible to dispense with power supply.
  • the distance of AM separating the magnetic ring from the thin anode along the z axis is equal to or greater than a distance d AK separating the cathode from the thin anode.
  • the distance AF1 separating the first reflector from the thin anode is equal to or greater than a sum of the distance d AM , separating the magnetic ring from the thin anode, and the width L M of the ring magnetic.
  • the distance of AF1 separating the first reflector from the thin anode is equal to or greater than about twice the distance of AK separating the cathode from the thin anode.
  • At least the first reflector located in the waveguide is an open reflector, that is to say that it obstructs only a centered fraction of cross section of the cylindrical waveguide, leaving an opening substantially annular between a periphery of the reflector and an inner wall of the waveguide.
  • the first reflector open, possibly has a radius equal to or less than 0.75 R G , the radius of the waveguide.
  • the device comprises a plurality of successive reflectors positioned in the cylindrical waveguide.
  • Two successive reflectors of the plurality of reflectors are for example separated from each other by a distance dF-1Fi equal to or less than about twice a distance d AK separating the cathode from the thin anode.
  • two successive reflectors of the plurality of reflectors are separated from each other by a distance dF-1Fi equal to or greater than about once the distance of AK separating the cathode from the thin anode.
  • Each distance is for example between one to two times the distance d AK .
  • the first reflector is the one positioned closest to the thin anode. That is to say, when the device comprises a plurality of reflectors, the first reflector remains the one positioned closer to the thin anode, so that the other reflectors of the plurality are positioned downstream of the first reflector.
  • the device comprises a plurality of successive reflectors
  • all the reflectors are then advantageously open.
  • the first reflector open, possibly has a radius equal to or less than 0.75 R G , the radius of the waveguide.
  • all the reflectors may have the same radius R Fi .
  • each reflector may have a radius equal to or less than that of the directly preceding reflector in the cylindrical waveguide so as to promote a guidance of the waves towards the output of the waveguide.
  • the reflectors are thus successively decreasing with no lower limit, that is to say a last reflector in the waveguide, or even a second reflector (that is to say that positioned just after the first reflector), may have a radius smaller than that of the first reflector.
  • the device comprises three reflectors positioned in the waveguide.
  • Such a ring makes it possible to operate a VIRCATOR in axial configuration, with at least one reflector, and a high impedance generator.
  • the device also gains in compactness, since a generator with High impedance typically has less bulk than a low impedance generator.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to generate a monochromatic microwave emission.
  • the device according to the invention also makes it possible to transmit at a specific frequency a maximum of microwave power on the axis in a single mode.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to adapt a waveguide in axial configuration with reflectors to the impedance of the generator while retaining the emitted microwave frequency as well as the geometry of the waveguide.
  • the device according to the invention thus makes it possible to achieve efficiencies greater than 15% with high impedance generators in axial configuration with reflectors.
  • a device according to one embodiment of the invention is represented for example here on the figure 8 .
  • the device of the figure 8 comprises a diode composed of a cathode 102 and an anode, itself formed of a thin sheet called thin anode 104 and a thick frame 103.
  • the cathode 102 has a radius R c and the thin anode 104 typically has a thickness of the order of a micrometer, that is to say a few micrometers or even a few tenths of a micrometer.
  • the device further comprises a cylindrical waveguide 105 of internal radius R G and length L G.
  • the cylindrical waveguide 105 has an axis z in a longitudinal direction, forming the longitudinal axis of the device.
  • the thick armature 103 surrounds the cathode 102, and the thick armature 103 and the cathode 102 are positioned at an inlet of the cylindrical waveguide 105 (left in the figure).
  • the thin anode 104 is here positioned at an inlet of the cylindrical waveguide 105, between the cylindrical waveguide 105 and the thick armature 103.
  • the thin anode 104 and the cathode 102 are distant from each other. other from a distance denoted by AK .
  • the cathode 102, the thin anode 104, the thickness armature 103 and the cylindrical waveguide 105 are positioned relative to each other aligned and centered on the z axis. They usually have circular sections.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a magnetic ring 112.
  • the magnetic ring 112 is advantageously narrow, of width L M and of internal radius R M , greater than R G.
  • the ring is a coil
  • the ring then has for example a thickness which corresponds to a thickness of the conductive wire forming the coil.
  • the width L M is approximately equal to d AK .
  • a ring is for example considered narrow if L M is approximately equal to one half of the radius of the waveguide R G.
  • the distance of AM is approximately equal to the distance d AK separating the cathode 102 and the anode 104.
  • the narrowness (along the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical waveguide 105 represented by the z axis) of the magnetic ring 112 thus ensures a magnetic field configuration dominated by the vanishing fields.
  • the magnetic ring 112 is narrow, it makes it possible to generate leakage fields configured to form a concentration of electrons between the thin anode 104 and a first reflector.
  • the electrons, by winding along the lines of magnetic fields, are focused on the z axis and are, in fact, braked along the z axis.
  • the beam current eventually exceeds the critical current I c locally. This results in a local accumulation of charges, which is at the origin of the formation of a so-called "non-oscillating" virtual cathode.
  • the virtual cathode is here "non-oscillating" in that few electrons are pushed back to the thin anode 104.
  • the magnetic field produced by the ring 112 induces a stagnation of the electrons near the z axis.
  • the magnetic ring 112 is for example a current coil or a permanent magnet so that it is then possible to dispense with power supply.
  • the device comprises at least a first reflector F 1 .
  • the first reflector F 1 is located at a distance d AF1 from the thin anode 104 so that d AF1 is equal to or greater than the sum of d AM and L M , and preferably equal.
  • the ring extends only to the first reflector and not beyond, as in devices using a magnetic field guide.
  • the ring is positioned downstream of the anode, which differs from devices where the diode is immersed or semi-immersed, for example.
  • the device comprises a plurality of N reflectors F i .
  • the reflectors F i are located downstream of the thin anode 104 and the magnetic ring 112 in the cylindrical waveguide 105.
  • the reflectors F i are transparent to the electrons and are able to totally reflect the electromagnetic waves.
  • the reflectors are for example made of aluminized mylar. In operation, all the reflectors are advantageously put at the same potential as the thin anode 104.
  • Each reflector has a radius R Fi and two successive reflectors are spaced from each other by a distance d 1- Fi .
  • the positioning of the reflectors F i in the waveguide 105 is such that the microwave power is maximum at the output of the waveguide 105.
  • the reflectors F i are for example located at distances that are variable from one another, c that is, the distance of AF1 and each distance of Fi-1Fi can be all different from each other.
  • all the reflectors of the device are fixed in the cylindrical waveguide 105, but the distances separating two successive reflectors may be different from each other and different from the distance AF1 separating the first reflector F 1 from the anode thin 104.
  • the distance AF1 is equal to or greater than twice the distance d AK , and each distance d Fi-1Fi is for example between one to twice the distance d AK .
  • the AF1 distance d separating the first reflector F 1 of the anode 104 is possibly substantially higher than that of vircator type devices of the prior art known and the distance between the rows of reflectors i and i + 1 is also possibly less than that of known prior art VIRCATOR devices.
  • the distance separating the reflector F1 from the anode and the distances separating each reflector F i from the preceding reflector, as a function of the number of reflectors F i disposed in the waveguide, are summarized in the table of the figure 12 .
  • All the devices considered here make it possible to generate a mono-frequency microwave transmission in S-band on the z-axis according to the TE 11 mode.
  • the generator considered here delivers a voltage of 500 kV.
  • the critical current I c beyond which an electron beam no longer propagates in the cylindrical waveguide 105 is of the order 7.4 kA.
  • the "critical" impedance Z c for this device is thus 67.5 ⁇ (ohm).
  • the power generator considered here has an impedance of 70 ⁇ , that is to say greater than the "critical" impedance.
  • the flow of the beam in the guide is therefore almost laminar.
  • the conventional process of forming the oscillating virtual cathode can not therefore be triggered in an axial VIRCATOR which would be devoid of a ring.
  • the formula which links the transmitted frequency to the distance d AK and the applied voltage V indicates that the distance d AK is advantageously chosen between approximately 15.6 mm and approximately 31 mm for the electromagnetic microwave radiation to be emitted in the S-band.
  • AK anode-cathode distance retained here is about 22 mm.
  • the radius of the cathode R c is then about 22, 5 mm.
  • the cutoff frequency of the mode, f 11 1.8412c / (2 ⁇ R G ), is advantageously less than or equal to 2 GHz. This induces a radius of the guide R G greater than about 44 mm.
  • the radius R G retained here is thus about 50 mm.
  • the configuration of the magnetic field leads locally to an increase of the beam current in the waveguide to exceed the critical current.
  • the electrons are focused on the axis and thus braked along the axis. This results in a local accumulation of charges at the origin of the formation of a virtual cathode.
  • This virtual cathode is non-oscillating, few electrons are pushed towards the anode, the majority of the electrons are re-accelerated towards the exit of the guide.
  • the magnetic field induces stagnation of the electrons in the vicinity of the axis.
  • the magnetic configuration is provided by the magnetic ring positioned here at a distance of AM from the anode of about 29 mm.
  • the first reflector coupled to the magnetic ring, makes it possible to create the first oscillating virtual cathode behind the first reflector, that is to say downstream of the first reflector.
  • the second reflector F 2 in a configuration with two reflectors, the second reflector F 2 is positioned at a distance d F1-F2 of 25 mm from the first reflector F 1 ; and in a configuration with three reflectors, the second reflector F 2 is positioned at a distance d F1-F2 of 29 mm from the first reflector F 1 , and the third reflector is positioned at a distance d F2-F3 of 25 mm from the second reflector F 2 .
  • the figure 11 represents the iso-contours of the intensity of the magnetic field in longitudinal section of a device according to the invention comprising here a reflector.
  • the maximum intensity of the magnetic field in the guide is of the order of 0.1 T (Tesla) in a section of the waveguide to the right of the magnetic ring 112, that is to say to a section positioned about half of the width L M of the magnetic ring.
  • the figure 13 summarizes the performances obtained by the simulation of an axial VIRCATOR according to the invention comprising one, two or three reflectors.
  • the figure 13 shows that the power emitted increases with the number of reflectors.
  • the yield achieved is of the order of 2.5% with a single reflector and 17.4% with three reflectors. An optimum of yield is obtained with three reflectors.
  • the addition of a fourth reflector is of little use to improve the efficiency because the number of electrons decreases and becomes insufficient in the waveguide or near the z axis.
  • a device according to the invention powered by a high impedance generator makes it possible to emit microwave power in an S-band with a yield close to that obtained with a device in axial configuration with reflectors of the known prior art, powered with a low impedance generator.
  • the configuration with three reflectors ensures a minimum efficiency of 13.8% for a distance d F2-F3 between a second reflector and a third reflector of between about 25 mm and about 31 mm, while maintaining the microwave emission frequency.
  • a device is coupled to a higher impedance generator, while emitting at the same microwave frequency according to the TE mode 11 .
  • a higher impedance generator for example, by maintaining a 500 kV supply voltage, an increase in the anode-cathode distance d AK at 30 mm induces a decrease in the accelerating field in the diode and therefore a lower emitted current, of the order of about 4 kA.
  • the diode is adapted to a higher power supply impedance, for example about 125 ⁇ .
  • the density of the beam emitted being then less, slightly increasing the intensity of the current of the magnetic ring at 14250 A.tours, makes it possible to generate a single-frequency microwave emission at 2.31 GHz in the TE mode 11 with a yield of 12 %.
  • This performance can for example be improved by adjusting the positioning of the reflectors in the guide.

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Claims (10)

  1. Mikrowellengeneratorvorrichtung mit oszillierender, virtueller Kathode mit Achsgeometrie, enthaltend eine Kathode, eine dünne Anode und einen zylindrischen Wellenleiter (105) mit Längsachse z und Radius RG, der ein erstes Ende aufweist, das einen Eingang des zylindrischen Wellenleiters (105) bildet, sowie ein zweites Ende, das einen Ausgang des zylindrischen Wellenleiters (105) bildet, wobei die Kathode (102) dem Eingang des zylindrischen Leiters vorgelagert und dazu ausgelegt ist, Elektronen zu emittieren, und wobei die dünne Anode (104) am Eingang des zylindrischen Wellenleiters (105) zwischen der Kathode (102) und dem zylindrischen Wellenleiter (105) angeordnet ist, und die Vorrichtung ferner zumindest einen ersten Reflektor (F1) enthält, der in dem Wellenleiter (105) vorgesehen, für Elektronen durchlässig und dazu ausgelegt ist, um eine Mikrowelle zu reflektieren, die von zumindest einer virtuellen Kathode geschaffen wird, die in dem Wellenleiter (105) erzeugt wird,
    wobei die Vorrichtung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass sie ferner einen schmalen Magnetring (112) mit der Breite (LM) entlang der Längsachse z enthält, der außen um den zylindrischen Wellenleiter (105) herum in einem Abstand (dAM) von der dünnen Anode (104) angeordnet ist, und wobei der erste Reflektor (F1) in einem Abstand (dAF1) von der dünnen Anode (104) jenseits des Magnetrings (112) so angeordnet ist, dass sich der Magnetring (112) zwischen der dünnen Anode (104) und dem ersten Reflektor (F1) befindet, wobei der Magnetring (112) dazu ausgelegt ist, ein Magnetfeld zu erzeugen, das dazu geeignet ist, die Elektronen abzubremsen und eine Ladungsakkumulation zu schaffen, wodurch eine nicht oszillierende, virtuelle Kathode geschaffen wird, die zwischen der dünnen Anode (104) und dem ersten Reflektor (F1) angeordnet ist.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand (dAM), der den Magnetring (112) von der dünnen Anode (104) entlang der z-Achse trennt, gleich oder größer als ein Abstand (dAK) ist, der die Kathode (102) von der dünnen Anode (104) trennt.
  3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand (dAF1), der den ersten Reflektor (F1) von der dünnen Anode (104) trennt, gleich oder größer als eine Summe des Abstands (dAM), der den Magnetring (112) von der dünnen Anode (104) trennt, und der Breite (LM) des Magnetrings (112) ist.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand (dAF1), der den ersten Reflektor (F1) von der dünnen Anode (104) trennt, gleich oder größer als etwa der zweifache Abstand (dAK) ist, der die Kathode (102) von der dünnen Anode (104) trennt.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest der erste Reflektor (F1), der sich in dem Wellenleiter (105) befindet, ein offener Reflektor ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Mehrzahl von aufeinanderfolgenden Reflektoren (Fi) enthält, die in dem zylindrischen Wellenleiter (105) angeordnet sind.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei aufeinanderfolgende Reflektoren aus der Mehrzahl von Reflektoren (Fi) durch einen Abstand (dFi-1Fi) voneinander getrennt sind, der gleich oder kleiner als der zweifache Abstand (dAK) ist, der die Kathode (102) von der dünnen Anode (104) trennt.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei aufeinanderfolgende Reflektoren aus der Mehrzahl von Reflektoren (Fi) durch einen Abstand (dFi-1Fi) voneinander getrennt sind, der gleich oder größer als ein Abstand (dAK) ist, der die Kathode (102) von der dünnen Anode (104) trennt.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reflektoren (Fi) alle offen sind und einen gleichen Radius RRi aufweisen.
  10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie drei Reflektoren (F1) aufweist, die in dem Wellenleiter (105) angeordnet sind.
EP14830991.7A 2013-12-23 2014-12-19 Mikrowellengenerator mit oszillierender virtueller kathode, mit achsgeometrie, mit mindestens einem reflektor und einem magnetring mit konfiguration zur ansteuerung durch einen hochohmigen generator Active EP3087580B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1363456A FR3015767B1 (fr) 2013-12-23 2013-12-23 Dispositif generateur d'ondes microondes a cathode virtuelle oscillante, a geometrie axiale, comportant au moins un reflecteur et une bague magnetique, configure pour etre alimente par un generateur a forte impedance
PCT/FR2014/053471 WO2015097384A1 (fr) 2013-12-23 2014-12-19 Dispositif generateur d'ondes microondes a cathode virtuelle oscillante, a geometrie axiale, comportant au moins un reflecteur et une bague magnetique, configure pour etre alimente par un generateur a forte impedance

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CN105914119B (zh) * 2016-07-04 2017-10-20 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 一种低引导磁场轴向虚阴极振荡器
WO2018217655A1 (en) 2017-05-22 2018-11-29 Genetesis Llc Machine differentiation of abnormalities in bioelectromagnetic fields
US11134877B2 (en) 2017-08-09 2021-10-05 Genetesis, Inc. Biomagnetic detection
CN107420079B (zh) * 2017-09-25 2023-06-16 西南石油大学 一种双水平井sagd稠油的开采机构及方法
US11585869B2 (en) 2019-02-08 2023-02-21 Genetesis, Inc. Biomagnetic field sensor systems and methods for diagnostic evaluation of cardiac conditions
JP7546520B2 (ja) 2021-06-17 2024-09-06 三菱電機株式会社 電磁波発生装置

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US9697979B2 (en) 2017-07-04
WO2015097384A1 (fr) 2015-07-02
US20170032922A1 (en) 2017-02-02
ES2669270T3 (es) 2018-05-24
FR3015767B1 (fr) 2016-02-05
EP3087580A1 (de) 2016-11-02

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