Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
  • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
  • B66D1/60—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans adapted for special purposes
  • B66D1/74—Capstans
  • B66D1/7421—Capstans having a vertical rotation axis
  • B66D1/7431—Capstans having a vertical rotation axis driven manually only
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
  • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
  • B66D1/60—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans adapted for special purposes
  • B66D1/74—Capstans
  • B66D1/7484—Details concerning gearing arrangements, e.g. multi-speed
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
  • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
  • B66D1/60—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans adapted for special purposes
  • B66D1/74—Capstans
  • B66D1/7494—Self-tailing capstans

Definitions

• the field of the invention is that of the design and manufacture of capstans (winch in English language), for example intended to be secured to a sailboat to put in tension an integral end of a sail.
• Winches are commonly used on sailboats to allow crew members to tension the ends of the sails.
• a winch conventionally comprises a frame housing an input shaft and a gearbox.
• a doll around which is intended to be wound an end, is rotatably mounted around the frame. It is connected to the input port by means of the gearbox.
• a rotation of the input shaft is accompanied by a rotation of the shaft of the doll.
• the gearbox includes several ratios so that it is possible to wrap the end around the doll at different speeds.
• the gearbox is generally configured so that a reversal of the direction of rotation of the input shaft is accompanied by a rotation of the doll in one direction but at different speeds.
• this winch comprises a clutch and means for evaluating the tension in the end wrapped around the doll.
• the clutch occupies a first position in which the headstock can be rotated in one direction according to two speeds, the change of speed being obtained by a reversal of the direction of rotation of the shaft. input by means of the crank.
• the clutch is caused to move to a second position in which the headstock can be rotated in one direction at two other speeds, the change in speed being achieved by a reversing the direction of rotation of the input shaft by means of the crank.
• Such a winch is particularly effective in that it allows crew members to maneuver the winch with the gear ratio best suited given the tension in the end wrapped around the doll. Such a winch can still be improved.
• the variation of the level of tension in the tip which results either from the variation of the force of the wind, the level of winding of the end around the doll, or a combination of these two phenomena, is necessarily progressive. Indeed, the variation of the force of the wind is progressive as well as the level of winding of the end around the doll.
• the invention particularly aims to provide an effective solution to at least some of these different problems.
• an object of the invention is to provide such a winch which systematically allows to drive in rotation the doll whatever the level of tension in the end wrapped around the doll.
• the invention aims, according to at least one embodiment, to provide such a winch in which at least one gear ratio is engaged in all circumstances.
• An object of the invention is also, in at least one embodiment, to provide such a winch which has excellent ergonomics of use.
• Another object of the invention is, according to at least one embodiment, to provide such a winch which is simple in design and / or reliable and / or simple to use.
• the invention proposes a capstan intended to be secured to a sailboat for tensioning an integral end of a sail, said capstan comprising:
• a fixed frame housing an input shaft and a gearbox
• a doll for which it can be rolled up said end, said doll being rotatably mounted around said assembly and connected to said input shaft by said gearbox so that a rotation of said input shaft it was accompanied by a rotation of said doll around said frame, said gearbox having at least a first and a second gear ratio;
• clutch means movable between at least a first latching position of at least said first gear ratio and a second latching position of at least said second gear ratio;
• such a capstan comprises means for maintaining said clutch means in one or the other of their position whatever the value of said voltage evaluated by said evaluation means.
• the clutch passes from one position to another depending on whether the tension in the end decreases or increases. Since the variation of tension of the tip is generally progressive and not clear, the clutch passes from one to the other of its positions in a progressive manner so that it can momentarily occupy an intermediate position disengaged in which a rotation of the input shaft is not accompanied by any rotation of the doll. The winch is then temporarily not maneuverable.
• said holding means comprise:
• first holding means for maintaining said clutch means in said first position as long as the voltage evaluated by said evaluation means does not reach a predetermined high threshold value
• the invention provides an original solution to ensure that the passage of the clutch from one position to another can not take place as a certain level of tension in the end is reached.
• the clutch is always engaged in one or the other of its positions so that the wi nch is systematically manoeuvrable.
• the first and second holding means may be at least partly confused.
• a capstan according to the invention comprises:
• the first and second ones can be at least partially confused.
• said first and second arming means respectively comprise:
• first elastic return means configured to constrain said clutch means to their second position when said clutching means are held in their first engagement position by said first holding means and said tension evaluated by said first engagement means; means of evaluation does not reach said predetermined high threshold value;
• second elastic return means configured to constrain said clutch means to their first position when said clutch means are held in their second latching position by said first holding means and said tension is read by said means of evaluation does not reach said predetermined low threshold value.
• a capstan according to the invention preferably comprises means for actuating said arming means, said actuating means being movable between at least:
• said clutch means are traversed by a light
• said actuating means comprise a complementary shape of said light, said fingerprint being movable between:
• said actuating means are manually operable.
• a crew member can manually control actuating means to release or not the clutch.
• said imprint is rotatably connected to said input shaft, the passage of said fingerprint from its first or third position to its second position being obtained by reversing the direction of rotation of said input shaft.
• a crew member can thus actuate the arming means by reversing the direction of rotation of the input shaft, so that the wi nch is manually operated or motorized.
• said gearbox comprises an inner ring mounted to rotate under stress within said headstock between two end positions corresponding to the achievement by said tension respectively of said high threshold value and said low threshold thereof.
• transformation means making it possible to transform a displacement of said ring relative to said doll from one of its extreme positions to a displacement of said clutch means from one to the other. the other of their positions
• said holding means acting on said converting means to prevent the passage of said clutch means into said first position, wherein said evaluation function does not reach said predetermined threshold, and for preventing the passage of said clutch means in said second position as long as said rated voltage does not reach said predetermined low threshold value.
• said transformation means preferably comprise:
• a ring mounted to rotate under stress with respect to said ring between two extreme positions each corresponding to an end position of said ring
• said first and second holding means, said ring and said elevator being configured such that:
• a capstan according to the invention comprises:
• first releasing means for releasing said clutch means to said second position as soon as said rated voltage reaches a high threshold value
• second releasing means enable release of said clutch means to said first position as soon as said rated voltage reaches a low threshold value.
• the clutch automatically switches from one position to another as soon as the tension conditions in the end are met.
• the first and second means of liberation may be at least partially confounded. 5. List of figures
• Figure 1 illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of a winch according to the invention
• Figure 2 illustrates a view of the winch of Figure 1 without the doll
• FIG. 3 illustrates a detail view of the clutch in the down position
• Figure 4 illustrates a detail view of the clutch in the high position
• FIG. 5 illustrates a detailed view of the clutch in the low armed position towards the high position
• Figure 6 shows a detail view of the clutch in the raised position armed to the low position
• Figure 7 illustrates a sectional view along the axis "A-A" of Figure 1;
• Figures 8 and 9 illustrate partial perspective views of an example of means for holding and arming a winch according to the invention
• FIG. 10 illustrates an exploded perspective view of an exemplary means for holding and cocking a winch according to the invention
• Figures 11 and 12 show detailed views of the actuating means of the arming means respectively in the locking position and in the release position;
• FIG. 13 illustrates a partial view in section and in perspective of a clutch, its means of handling and of the invention according to the invention.
• FIGS. 1 to 13 an example of a capstan or winch according to the invention is presented.
• the bottom of the winch will designate the side thereof to be secured to a support, while the top of the winch will designate the opposite part of the winch.
• Such a winch 10 comprises a frame 11 on which is mounted movably in rotation a doll 12.
• the frame 11 is intended to be secured for example on the deck of a sailboat.
• a tip, one end of which is connected to a sail of the sailboat, may be rolled up to the end of the beam 12.
• This ca. 10 besta nd conventionally comprises a reversible locking device 13 of one end of the end to be wrapped around the doll 12.
• the capstan comprises an input shaft 14 rotatably mounted in the frame 11.
• the input shaft 14 comprises an upper end 141 in which is formed a fluted portion 142 provided to cooperate with means of actuating the cabesta .
• actuating means may comprise a crank. In a variant, they may include "a coffee grinder”.
• the drive means may also be motorized.
• the input shaft 14 is connected to a satellite gate 15.
• This satellite gate 15 carries axes 16 on each of which a satellite 17 is rotatably mounted. These satellites 17 meshes with an internal gear 18 fixed or not fixed to the frame. The satellites 17 also mesh with a sun 19. This assembly forms an epicyclic gear train.
• the satellite carrier 15 comprises a lower part on which is formed a half-clutch 150.
• the solar 19 is secured to an axis 20 at one end of which is provided a toothed plate 201, also called fingerprint. As will be explained in more detail later, this gear plate 201 performs the function of a half dog.
• the winch comprises a clutch member 22 which is rotatably connected to a shaft 23 rotatably mounted relative to the frame 11.
• the clutch member 22 has a shoulder 225.
• a half dog 221 is provided at the upper end of this clutch element 22.
• This half dog 221 has a shape complementary to that of the half dog 150 of the satellite holder 15 and the toothed plate 201 of the axis 20. It comprises teeth 222 projecting at its upper end as well as spaces 223 managed between these teeth 222.
• This clutch element 22 is traversed by a slot 224 having a shape complementary to that of the toothed plate 201 of the axis 20.
• the toothed plate 201 can rotate with respect to the light 224 so as to take: a position, illustrated in Figure 11, in which it can not pass through the slot 224 and its teeth are in the spaces 223 and bear against the teeth 222 of the half-clutch 221 of the clutch member 22 so that the axis 20 and the clutch member 22 are rotatably connected;
• the clutch element 22 is mounted to move in translation along the axis of the winch between:
• a first said lower position engagement position in which the half-clutch 221 cooperates with the gear plate 201 so that the clutch element and the axis 20 are connected in rotation
• a second the so-called top position in which the half-clutch 221 cooperates with the half-clutch 150 of the planet carrier 15 but no longer with the toothed plate 201, so that the clutch element is linked in rotation with the satellite door but no longer with the axis 20.
• a first pinion 24 is connected to the shaft 23 by means of a first unidirectional clutch 25 such as a freewheel.
• the first pinion 24 meshes with a second pinion 26 rotatably mounted on an axis 27 secured to the frame 11.
• the second pinion 26 meshes with an inner ring 28 secured to the inside of the doll 12.
• a third pinion 29 is secured in rotation to the lower end of the shaft 23.
• This third pinion 29 meshes with a fourth pinion (not shown) mounted to rotate about an axis integral with the frame 11.
• This fourth pinion meshes with a fifth pinion 31 which is rotatably mounted on the axis 27.
• the fifth gear 31 is connected to the second gear 26 by means of a second unidirectional clutch 32 as a freewheel.
• the ring 28 is rotatably mounted inside the upper doll 12.
• the ring 28 comprises two return pins 281 protruding from its periphery outwards. These return pins 281 each extend into a recess 34 in the form of an arc in the headstock 12.
• Each of these cavities 34 houses a compression spring 33 placed between the bottom 331 of each cavity 34 and the corresponding return pin 281.
• the ring 28 also comprises two stops 282 protruding from its periphery outwards. Each of these abutments 282 extends in an arcuate housing 35 formed in the doll 12.
• the ring 28 is rotatably mounted inside the doll 12 between two extreme positions:
• the winch comprises a first elevator 36.
• the elevator 36 is integral in rotation with the ring 28. It is movable in translation, along the axis of rotation of the ring 28, relative to the ring 28 between a first position called position low and a second position said high position. It comprises driving fingers 361 and locking fingers 362 which extend at its periphery to pass into slots 283 provided for this purpose in the ring 28. These lights 283 extend along axes parallel to the axis of the winch, that is to say, the axis of rotation of the ring 28.
• a ring 37 is rotatably mounted on the ring 28.
• Compression springs 38 are interposed between this ring 37 and abutments 39 integral with the doll.
• the ring 37 is rotatable about the axis of the ring 28 between: a second extreme position wherein the compression springs 38 are released, and
• the ring 37 comprises a ramp 371 oriented from the base of the winch to the upper end thereof.
• the winch includes blocking pins 40 integral with the doll.
• the winch comprises a second elevator 41 which is translationally connected to the elevator 36 along the axis of the winch.
• This second elevator 41 comprises a bottom 411.
• the winch comprises a third elevator 45 which is mounted mobile in translation along the axis of the winch relative to the second elevator 41. It comprises for that guide pads 451 provided for sliding inside the second elevator 41. comprises an upper plate 452. It also comprises a bottom 454. Compression springs 453 are placed between the upper plate 452 of the third elevator 45 and the bottom of the second 41 elevators.
• the winch comprises a pusher 42.
• This pusher 42 is mounted to move in translation along the axis of the winch between the bottom 454 of the third elevator 45 and the upper plate 452 of the third elevator 45.
• the upper part of the pusher 42 includes flange members 420. Compression springs 44 are interposed between these flange members 420 and the bottom 454 of the third elevator 45.
• Compression springs 43 are interposed between the upper surface of the upper plate 452 and the frame 11.
• the first elevator 36, the second elevator 41, the third elevator 45 and the pusher 42 are each mounted movably between a low position and a high position.
• the ring 28 is initially located (see FIG. 3) in its first extreme position where the stops 282 are supported on one side of the housings 35 and the compression springs 33 are released.
• the first elevator 36 is in the low position so that each of its driving fingers 361 and each of its locking fingers 362 are respectively in abutment against the bottom of the ramps 371 and below the locking pins 40.
• the second elevator 41 is in the low position
• the third elevator 45 is in the low position
• the pusher 42 is in the low position
• the clutch element 22 is in the lower position in which its half-clutch 221 is engaged with the toothed plate 201 of the axis 20 but not with the demi-cra bot 150 of the planet carrier 15.
• the springs 453 are compressed, the springs 43 are released, the springs 44 are released.
• the doll 12 When the input angle 14 is rotated in one second, the doll 12 is rotated at a first speed via:
• the epicyclic gear train whose axis of solar 19 is in engagement with the axis 23 by means of the clutch element 22 and the toothed plate 201, the first gear 24, the wheel 25 does not enter the third pinion 29,
• the axis of the solar 19 is engaged with the axis 23 by means of the clutch element 22 and the toothed plate 201, the third pinion 29, the fourth pinion 30, the fifth pinion 31, the second gear 26 meshes with the fifth gear 31 via the freewheel 32, the freewheel 25 not driving the first gearwheel 24, and the gearwheel 28.
• the ring 28 rotates progressively inside the doll 12 from its first extreme position to its second extreme position against the effect of the compression springs 33.
• the crown 28 mounted mobile in rotation under stress in the doll 12 is therefore a means of evaluation of the tension in the end.
• the ring 28 rotates the first elevator 36.
• the blocking fingers 362 thereof are then under the locking pins 40 so that it can not be removed from its position ha ute .
• the drives 361 are located against the base of the ramps 371 so that the ring 37 is rotated against the effect of the compression springs 38 from its position initiating the first position to its second position.
• the clutch member 22 is held in the down position because the gear plate 201 is oriented such that it can not pass through the light 224.
• the pusher 42, in contact with the shoulder 225 of the clutch element 22 is also kept in its low position.
• the ring 37 Under the effect of the compression springs 38, the ring 37 returns to its first positio n position. Its widths 371 are then applied to the drive fingers 361. The ring 37 thus drives the first elevator 36 to its upper position. The first elevator 36 causes the second elevator 41 to reach its upper position.
• the compression springs 44 between the pusher 42 and the third elevator 45 are compressed.
• the compression springs 43 between the upper plate 452 of the third elevator 45 and the frame 11 are compressed.
• the springs 453 between the second elevator 41 and the third elevator 45 remain compressed.
• the clutch element 22 is then cocked towards its high position under the effect of the compression springs 44 in the compressed state, while being maintained in the lower position by the toothed plate 201 (see FIG. 5).
• the clutch member 22 is no longer locked in translation and can move from its low position to its upper position (see Figure 4).
• the compression springs 44 placed between the pusher 42 in the low position and the third elevator 45 in the high position relax.
• the ur 42 is placed in its positio n ha ute position. It causes the clutch member 22 to move in its upper position.
• the compression springs 43 between the upper plate 452 of the third elevator 45 and the frame 11 remain compressed.
• the springs 453 between the second elevator 41 and the third elevator 45 also remain compressed.
• the half-clutch 221 of the clutch element 22 then cooperates with the half-clutch 150 of the planet carrier 15 but no longer with the toothed plate 201.
• the clutch element 22 is thus linked in rotation with and the planet carrier 15 but more with the axis 20.
• the doll 12 is then rotated at a third speed via:
• a new version of the direction of rotation of the output shaft 14 makes it possible to drive the doll in rotation at a fourth speed via: the planet carrier 15,
• the doll 12 is then rotated at the fourth speed.
• a new reversal of the direction of rotation of the input shaft 14 rotates the doll according to the third speed.
• the ring 28 rotates progressively inside the doll 12 from its second extreme position to its first extreme position under the effect of the compression springs 33.
• the ring 28 rotates the first elevator 36.
• the locking fingers 362 thereof are then above the blocking pins 40 so that it can not translate to its lower position.
• His drive fingers 361 are at the top of the ramps 371 and move toward them.
• the clutch member 22 is held in the up position because the toothed platen 201 is oriented such that it can not pass through the lumen 224.
• the clutch element 22 is then cocked towards its low position under the effect of compression springs 43 in the compressed state placed between the third elevator 45 and the frame, while being maintained in the raised position (cf. Figure 6).
• the clutch element 22 is no longer locked in translation and can move from its high position to its low position (see Figure 3).
• the compression springs 453 between the second elevator 41 and the third elevator 45 are compressed.
• the springs 44 between the pusher 42 and the third elevator 45 remain relaxed.
• the half-clutch 221 of the clutch element 22 then cooperates with the toothed plate 201 but no longer with the half-clutch 150 of the planet carrier 15.
• the clutch element 22 is thus connected in rotation with the axis 20 but more with the planet carrier 15.
• the doll 12 If the doll 12 was rotated according to the third speed, before release of the clutch element, the doll 12 is rotated always in the same direction according to the second speed via:
• the epicyclic gear train whose axis of solar 19 is in engagement with the axis 23 by means of the clutch element 22 and the gear plate 201, the third pinion 29, the fourth pinion 30, the fifth pinion 31, the second pinion 26 engaged with the fifth pinion 31 via the freewheel 32, the freewheel 25 not driving the first pinion 24, and the ring 28.
• the epicyclic gear train whose axis of solar 19 is in engagement with the axis 23 by means of the clutch element 22 and the toothed plate 201, the first pinion 24, the wheel wheel 25 leading to not the third pinion 29,
• the doll 12 is then rotated according to the first speed.
• a new reversal of the direction of rotation of the input shaft 14 rotates the doll according to the second speed.
• the clutch moves from one position to another depending on whether the tension in the end decreases or increases. Since the variation of tension of the tip is generally progressive and not clear, the clutch passes from one to the other of its positions in a progressive manner so that it can momentarily occupy a disengaged intermediate position in which a rotation of the input shaft is not accompanied by any rotation of the doll. The winch is then temporarily not maneuverable.
• the clutch is systematically maintained in one of its positions so that at least one speed is systematically engaged whatever the level of tension in the end.
• a winch according to the invention is therefore maneuverable in all circumstances.
• the passage of the clutch from one position to the other is allowed only when a certain level of tension in the end is reached, the displacement of the clutch to this insta nt is not made not of progressive, but technically.
• the clutch is preferably armed and released only during the reversal of the direction of rotation of the input shaft.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Toys (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2013
  • 2013-12-23 FR FR1363501A patent/FR3015451B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2014
  • 2014-12-22 WO PCT/EP2014/079092 patent/WO2015097198A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2014-12-22 EP EP14828462.3A patent/EP3087023B1/de active Active

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