EP3073025B1 - Système de revêtement de céramique et procédé pour recouvrir un espace - Google Patents

Système de revêtement de céramique et procédé pour recouvrir un espace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3073025B1
EP3073025B1 EP16382118.4A EP16382118A EP3073025B1 EP 3073025 B1 EP3073025 B1 EP 3073025B1 EP 16382118 A EP16382118 A EP 16382118A EP 3073025 B1 EP3073025 B1 EP 3073025B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
array
support
support panels
panels
areas
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Not-in-force
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EP16382118.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3073025A2 (fr
EP3073025A3 (fr
Inventor
Juli Febrero Llop
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Tot Disset Construccio Sl
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Tot Disset Construccio Sl
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Publication of EP3073025A2 publication Critical patent/EP3073025A2/fr
Publication of EP3073025A3 publication Critical patent/EP3073025A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3073025B1 publication Critical patent/EP3073025B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E04F13/142—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of ceramics or clays
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
    • E04F13/0803—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
    • E04F13/081—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements
    • E04F13/0816—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements the additional fastening elements extending into the back side of the covering elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0862—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements composed of a number of elements which are identical or not, e.g. carried by a common web, support plate or grid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0889—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections
    • E04F13/0894—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections with tongue and groove connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/21—Fastening means specially adapted for covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/24—Hidden fastening means on the rear of the covering or lining elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ceramic covering system and method for covering a space, envisaged particularly for covering the outside of buildings having a complex geometry, with developable surfaces with isometry with respect to a plane or two axes and non-developable, and optionally also including parts having planar surfaces.
  • Patent document MX2012007352 also describes a solution which allows generating a three-dimensional space from planar elements.
  • the present invention relates to a ceramic covering system and method for covering a space, and to a ceramic piece and a covering panel, envisaged for covering a space, particularly for covering the outside of a building by means of said panels and by means of said ceramic pieces, performing the functions of a façade and roof.
  • the proposed system for the ceramic covering for covering a space includes the following elements:
  • Each of said first support panels holds a plurality of ceramic pieces anchored at the fixing points defined in said first support panel by fixing means, the ceramic pieces therefore being distributed on each first support panel following the distribution pattern of the fixing points.
  • the proposed system includes, in a novel manner, a support structure made up of a plurality of support profiles arranged equidistant from one another and formed in curved segments and optionally also straight segments, together defining an enclosure for the space to be covered.
  • the geometry of said enclosure includes one or more first areas formed by developable surfaces with isometry with respect to a plane, optionally also including planar surfaces.
  • a plurality of both concave- and convex-curved first support panels, and optionally also a plurality of straight first support panels, are fixed on a plurality of support profiles covering one or more first areas being adapted to the geometry thereof.
  • Said plurality of first support panels are laterally attached to one another by means of said tongued and grooved configurations provided on their sides, such that said first array of fixing points has continuity between the laterally adjacent first support panels, each of said first support panels being fixed on at least two of said support profiles arranged equidistant from one another and contiguous.
  • the lateral attachment between support panels also allows the inclusion of expansion joints allowing independent movement of contiguous support plates.
  • Said plurality of ceramic pieces is anchored at the anchoring points distributed throughout the first areas according to the first array.
  • the system will include a support structure defining the geometry of the space to be covered, and that geometry will comprise one or more first areas that are defined as those areas of the space including developable surfaces with isometry with respect to a plane, and optionally also including planar regions.
  • a developable surface with isometry with respect to a plane is mathematically defined as a surface with a Gaussian curvature equal to zero. It is a surface with three-dimensional volumetry that can expand, by means of deformations which do not alter the distances between its points, until it becomes a plane. In contrast, a plane can deform until it becomes said developable surface with three-dimensional volumetry.
  • This geometric property allows covering said developable surface by means of planar panels having a predefined size and shape arranged laterally adjacent to one another by means of a simple curvature along an axis of said planar panels, and also covering, if said planar panels can cover a planar surface completely by fitting with one another laterally, said developable surface without requiring the planar panels being cut or deformed beyond said curvature along an axis.
  • a developable surface is a surface that can be covered with a paper without the need to crease or cut the paper.
  • Said geometric property of the first areas allows defining the first array of fixing points on a plane, and which is perfected adapted on said developable surface without altering the distance between the points thereof.
  • the first areas of the support structure can be completely covered with the first support panels having the ceramic pieces, said first support panels being able to be regular and therefore prefabricated with a geometry which allows them to fit with one another laterally to cover a plane.
  • That geometry of the first support panels are a square, a rectangle, a triangle and a hexagon, and therefore the first support panels preferably adopt one of said geometries in order to allow completely covering the first area.
  • first support panels, the fixing points and the ceramic pieces covering the first areas to be regular and prefabricated, despite covering a surface having a complex geometry.
  • Non-limiting examples of that developable surface can be simple geometric figures such as a cylinder or a cone, or complex surfaces such as a Möbius strip, or other examples of ruled surfaces.
  • the geometry defined by the support structure also includes one or more second areas integrating surfaces curved along two axes, bordering the first areas.
  • Said second areas are covered by means of trapezoidal second support panels having a width equal to that of the first support panels and tongued and grooved configurations on two of their opposing sides equal to those of the first support panels.
  • Said second support panels are each fixed between at least two support profiles and are individually sized for together completely covering each at least one second area, being adapted to the complex geometry thereof.
  • the second support panels are laterally attached by means of the tongued and grooved configurations to the other second support panels and to the bordering first support panels of the second area.
  • each second support panel is provided with a plurality of fixing points distributed according to a pattern forming part of a second array of fixing points completely covering said second area in continuity with the first array of the first area, such that the bordering fixing points between each first area and the second area are shared between the first and second arrays.
  • the support structure also includes second areas with a curvature along two axes, i.e., forming a non-developable surface which is mathematically defined as surfaces with a positive or negative Gaussian curvature other than zero. Therefore, said second areas cannot be covered with panels having a regular and standard size and shape. Again using layman's term, they are those surfaces that cannot be covered with a sheet of paper without creasing or cutting the paper. Non-limiting examples of such surfaces are a sphere, a hyperbolic paraboloid, or a hyperboloid of revolution, or other rounded amorphous shapes.
  • the first support panels cannot be used in the second areas because when they are curved to adapt to the geometry of the support structure, they would not fit laterally with one another, therefore resulting in the impossibility of completely covering said second areas and furthermore causing the array of fixing points to not have continuity.
  • these second areas require second support panels having an individually defined shape and size to allow, together, covering said second areas in continuity, fitting at the same time with the bordering first support panels of the bordering first areas.
  • the second array must reproduce the pattern of the first array introducing a limited irregularity. Said limited irregularity allows being adapted to the surfaces curved along two axes, since it is not possible to apply the regular first array on the second area without causing its deformation.
  • said irregularity is limited within a narrow range that can allow an appearance of regularity. Said limitation is controlled by one of the following parameters:
  • the fixing points of the second area there is fixed a plurality of models of ceramic pieces, all the models of ceramic pieces having the same geometry and differing in size, the difference in size of each model of ceramic pieces being at most 15% greater or smaller, or 10% greater or smaller, or 5% greater or smaller than the size of the ceramic pieces covering the first areas.
  • the size of the ceramic pieces can also be adapted to the variations in the distance between the fixing points of the second array, thus allowing a limited number of model of ceramic pieces to also be adapted, by means of a limited size irregularity, to the limited irregularity of the second array, thereby maintaining the appearance of regularity.
  • the each ceramic piece includes a threaded metal rod protruding from the rear face thereof, partially inserted into the body of the ceramic piece and attached thereto by means of adhesives or resins, and that said metal threaded rod can be fixed to a complementary anchoring point formed by a hole envisaged in a first support panel and/or in a second support panel provided with a screw thread, the screw thread of the hole being provided by a nut, or by a screw thread machined on the inner walls of the hole, or by a circular deformation protruding from the support plate, in the inner walls of which the screw thread has been defined.
  • This last embodiment consists of a perforation of the first support plate or of the second support plate, producing holes and deformation on the wall surrounding said hole. This allows obtaining from a thin plate a hole with a sufficient wall for arranging a screw thread therein, without having to use nuts, and allows screwing the ceramic panels only having access to the outer face thereof.
  • the use of adhesives or resins or retaining washers is optionally furthermore proposed to prevent said ceramic pieces screwed on the support plates or transition plates from accidentally becoming unscrewed.
  • the ceramic pieces are circular and dished and there are interstitial gaps between them, being fixed on the panels.
  • the support panels are extruded metal sheets having a thickness less than 6 mm with parallel reinforcement ribs protruding from the rear face thereof.
  • This construction allows the quick and economical production of thin plates, with little material consumption, but with high rigidity in one direction as a result of said parallel ribs.
  • the support plates are fixed between pairs of support profiles orienting said ribs perpendicular to said support profiles.
  • the first array arranges the fixing points following a square, rectangular, triangular or equilateral triangle pattern.
  • the lines joining the adjacent fixing points to one another form a square, a rectangular or triangular figures, particularly equilateral triangle figures.
  • the proposed invention also includes the ceramic covering method for covering a space by means of the following elements:
  • the system includes a support structure on which to anchor the mentioned plurality of first support panels in laterally adjacent position, said support structure defining a complex geometry (either including developable surfaces or non-developable surfaces), said method including the following steps:
  • the proposed method optionally also includes the following steps:
  • the second support panels have a width equal to that of the first support panels, and therefore certainly having two parallel sides, their manufacture can be standardized, differing only in their length and/or in the angle formed by the other two sides with respect to the two parallel sides.
  • the support panels are manufactured by means of extrusion, so for the production of the first and of each of the second support panels, only the cut made on the continuous extruded panel is modified.
  • the first array is regular and step l) described above additionally includes the following steps:
  • the mentioned irregularity limitation allows the first and second arrays to maintain a regular appearance, which allows adapting the first array on the second areas giving the feeling of continuity and regularity, when the first and second arrays must be different in reality due to geometry problems.
  • calculation by means of calculation tools allows creating result simulations, being able to perform different tests and allowing corrections before the production thereof.
  • This method also allows specialized computer-controlled manufacturing tools to produce each of the necessary parts with the precise geometry determined by the calculation tools, such that the placement thereof is simplified, on-site adaptation being unnecessary.
  • the ceramic pieces of the first area have a uniform size and shape and the ceramic pieces of the second area reproduce the shape of the ceramic pieces of the first area, but their size is adapted, for introducing a limited irregularity which allows adapting the size of each ceramic piece anchored at each fixing point of the second area to the irregularity of the second array at that point, the irregularity of the size of the ceramic pieces being limited such that the size of each ceramic piece is at most 15% greater or smaller, or 10% greater or smaller, or 5% greater or smaller than the size of the ceramic pieces covering the first areas.
  • This limited irregularity in the size of the ceramic pieces of the second area allows adapting said ceramic pieces to the irregularities of the second array with respect to the first array, since by not modifying the size of the ceramic pieces, said limited irregularity of the second array would be much more apparent when a greater or smaller separation is produced between the ceramic pieces covering the second areas than the separation existing between the ceramic pieces covering the first area.
  • the number of models of ceramic pieces having a different size is equal to or less than five models, few different molds being necessary for the production thereof.
  • first support panels and/or the second support panels are manufactured with a specific curvature adapted to their assembly position. This allows said panels to be perfectly adapted to the curvature of the area to be covered. Said curvature can be obtained by means of bending the panels or for example during extrusion.
  • the curvatures of the panels are simplified to a limited number of angles of curvature, which allows reducing the number of models of curved panels to be produced. Therefore, the complex geometries to be covered are simplified to a limited number of angles of curvature, for example, five different angles of curvature which the panels can adopt.
  • the invention relates to a ceramic covering system for covering a space having a complex geometry, combining planar surfaces, surfaces curved along a single axis, and surfaces curved along two axes arranged in continuity, enclosing a space.
  • the ceramic covering is fixed on support panels 10 or 20 which are in turn fixed on a support structure defining the geometry of the space to be enclosed.
  • Said support structure is made up of a plurality of support profiles 3 arranged equidistant from one another and made up of curved segments and optionally also straight segments, said support profiles 3 serving as anchoring points of the support panels 10 or 20 covering said space, and on which the covering ceramic pieces 30 are fixed.
  • each of said support panels 10 or 20 shown in Figures 4 to 8 consists of a thin aluminum sheet of between 3 and 4 mm thick, provided with parallel reinforcement ribs 12 arranged on the rear face thereof, conferring rigidity to the support panel 10 or 20, and the panel being provided with tongued and grooved configurations 11 on two of its parallel opposing sides, which allows laterally attaching different support panels 10 or 20, these panels being flush with one another.
  • the space to be covered consists of planar surfaces, surfaces curved along one axis and along two axes. Both the planar surface and the surface curved along a single axis are developable surfaces with isometry with respect to a plane the Gaussian curve of which is equal to zero. This means that both surfaces can be covered using regular planar panels laterally attached to one another.
  • the areas of the space to be covered of this type will be referred to hereinafter as first areas 1.
  • the surface curved along two axes is a positive Gaussian curvature that cannot be covered using regular planar panels laterally attached to one another, panels having different shapes are required so that they fit with one another laterally forming said surface with a double curvature.
  • the areas of the space to be covered of this type will be referred to hereinafter as second areas 2.
  • Both the first areas 1 and the second areas 2 are shown in Figures 1 and 2 .
  • the system proposes demarcating the first areas 1 and the second areas 2, which allows performing a regular division of the first areas 1, suitable for being covered by means of a plurality of regular first support panels 10, all of which are equal to one another.
  • the second areas 2 require a division according to size and shape adapted to said geometry curved along two axes, giving rise to a plurality of second support panels 20 having a size and shape adapted to a precise position within the second area 2 to be covered, such that they can be laterally attached to one another covering said second area.
  • the first support panels 10 are used for covering the first areas 1, fixing each first support panel 10 on the support profiles 3 by means of screws, for example, all the first support panels 10 being laterally connected to one another by means of the tongued and grooved configurations 11 of their sides, providing a continuous covering of the first areas.
  • the contour of the first support panels 10 demarcating the second areas 2, and also the geometry of said second areas 2, must be known.
  • the size, shape and precise position of each of the second support panels 20 can be calculated individually and with precision, which allows completely covering the second areas 2 with said second support panels 20, these panels being laterally attached to one another and to the bordering first support panels 10 by means of the tongued and grooved configurations 11.
  • said second support panels 20 are calculated imposing as a limitation that their width will be regular and equal to the width of the first support panels 10, only their length or the angle formed by their two sides that do not define the width of the panel being modified.
  • Extrusion is proposed as a method for manufacturing the first and second support panels 10 and 20, which method allows obtaining a constant section having a constant width, provided with ribs 12 and tongued and grooved configurations 11 on the sides thereof, and adapting the length of the manufactured panels by simply modifying the cutting line. Furthermore, the panels allow introducing small curvatures of the extruded panels in a simple manner, thereby making it easier for the panels to be manufactured already having a certain curvature adapted to their position in the covering.
  • each ceramic piece 30 is circular, bulging in the center and planar on the rear face.
  • a threaded rod 41 attached to the ceramic piece 30 by means of adhesive or epoxy resin is partially inserted, part of said threaded rod 41 protruding from the rear face of the ceramic piece 30.
  • Said rod 41 serves as a fixing means 40 for fixing the ceramic piece 30 with the first support panel 10 or second support panel 20, together with a hole made on said support panel 10 or 20, determining a fixing point 42.
  • said fixing points 42 are formed by a perforation of the first or second support panel 10 or 20 causing a deformation of the material surrounding said hole protruding towards the front face of said panel, creating an annular wall around the hole.
  • the limited thickness of the panel does not allow making a sufficient screw thread on the inner wall of said hole if said protruding deformation were not made.
  • a type of retaining system preventing the ceramic pieces 30 from becoming accidentally unscrewed such as for example, a type of adhesive or resin or a retaining washer, is also proposed.
  • the arrangement of the fixing points 42 on said first support panels 10 can also follow a regular pattern, such that the grouping of first support panels 10 provides a regular first array 50 of fixing points 42 extending throughout the entire first area 1, which allows fixing the ceramic pieces 30 covering the first area 1 following the regular first array 50.
  • the pattern of fixing points 42 of all the first support panels 10 are identical, making prefabrication and installation easier.
  • the first array 50 is formed by equilateral triangles, at the vertices of which the fixing points 42 where the ceramic pieces 30 are anchored are located. If the ceramic pieces 30 are rounded, there will be interstitial gaps between said ceramic pieces leaving the first support panel 10 uncovered.
  • the regular first array 50 of equilateral triangles cannot be used to cover the second area 2 since the geometry of the second area 2 is made up of curvatures along two axes, and as it is therefore not a developable surface, an irregular second array 51 adapting to said surface is required, but this would cause the pattern followed by the ceramic pieces 30 of the first area 1 and of the second area 2 to be different and lack unity.
  • a second array 51 is used which reproduces the same pattern as the first array 50, but modified by introducing limited irregularities that allow adapting said second array 51 on the geometry of the second area 2, but without greatly differing from the pattern reproduced by the first array 50.
  • said limitation to irregularity is such that the distance separating two fixing points 42 of the second array 51 is at most 15% greater or smaller than the distance between two fixing points 42 of the first array 50.
  • the use of five models of ceramic pieces 30 is proposed, the models having the largest size being the one used for covering the first area 1, and a first model being between 2% and 4% smaller, a second model being between 4% and 8% smaller, a third model being between 8% and 11% smaller and a fourth model being between 11% and 15% smaller, always in reference to the model used for covering the first area 1.
  • the model covering the first area 1 is a model having an intermediate size, a first model being between 5% and 10% greater, a second model being between 10% and 15% greater, a third model being between 5% and 10% smaller and a fourth model being between 10% and 15% smaller than the ceramic piece 30 used in the first area 1.
  • ceramic pieces 30 also having a size greater than normal can also be placed, thereby making it less apparent that there is an irregularity. Similarly, smaller ceramic pieces 30 will be used in areas in which the fixing points 42 are closer together.
  • the second array 51 must be calculated by means of calculation tools, such as specialized computer programs, for example, so that in the bordering areas between the first area 1 and the second area 2, the first and second arrays 50 and 51 have continuity, and in order to achieve the most regular possible distribution of the fixing points 42 on the second area 2, introducing minimal irregularity, making the transition between the first area 1 and the second area 2 unnoticeable.
  • the superposition of said second array 51 on the division of said second support panels 20 of the second area 2 will provide the exact pattern of fixing points 42 existing on each individual second support panel 20.
  • Said information will be transferred to the panel manufacturing machines so that they precisely manufacture each of the calculated panels, and it will also be transferred to the creation of all the fixing points 42 of each support plate 10 or 20 in their calculated precise position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Un système de revêtement céramique pour couvrir un espace comportant les éléments suivants :
    • une pluralité de premiers panneaux (10) de support rectangulaires ayant une taille prédéfinie, chacun pourvu de configurations (11) à rainures et languettes sur deux de ses côté opposés et pourvu d'une pluralité de points de fixation (42) distribués conformément à une motif faisant partie d'un premier ensemble répétitif (50) de points de fixation (42) ;
    • une pluralité de pièces de revêtement céramique (30) ancrées sur ces points de fixation (42) des premiers panneaux (10) de support par des moyens de fixation (40) ;
    caractérisé en ce que le système comprend :
    une structure de support composée d'une pluralité de profilés de support (3) formés en des segments courbes et optionnellement aussi des segments droits, définissant ensemble un compartiment pour l'espace à couvrir, la géométrie de ce compartiment comprenant une ou plusieurs premières régions (1) formées par des surfaces développables ayant une isométrie par rapport à un plan, comprenant optionnellement aussi des surfaces planes;
    une pluralité de premiers panneaux (10) de support courbes et optionnellement aussi des premiers panneaux (10) de support plans étant fixés sur une pluralité de profilés de support (3) couvrant une ou plusieurs premières régions (1), étant adaptés à leur géométrie et cette pluralité de premiers panneaux (10) de support étant latéralement reliés entre eux, au moyen de ces configurations (11) de rainures et languettes prévues sur leurs côtés et ce premier ensemble (50) de points de fixation (42) ayant une continuité entre les premiers panneaux (10) de support latéralement adjacents, chacun de ces premiers panneaux (10) de support étant fixés sur au moins deux de ces profilés de support (3) qui sont contigus ; et
    cette pluralité de pièces de céramique (30) étant ancrées aux points d'ancrage (42) distribués partout dans les premières régions conformément au premier ensemble (50).
  2. Le système conformément à la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    la géométrie du compartiment à couvrir comprend en plus une ou plusieurs deuxièmes régions (2) intégrant des surfaces courbes le long de deux axes, qui bordent les premières régions (1) ;
    et en ce que le système comprend
    des deuxièmes panneaux (20) de support trapézoïdaux ayant une largeur égale à celle des premiers panneaux (10) de support et des configurations (11) de rainures et languettes sur deux de leurs côtés opposés égales à celles des premiers panneaux (10) de support, ces deuxièmes panneaux (20) de support étant chacun fixé entre deux profilés de support (3) et ayant individuellement une taille permettant de complétement couvrir ensembles chaque au moins une deuxième région (2), étant adaptée à sa géométrie, les deuxièmes panneaux (20) de support étant latéralement reliés au moyen des configurations (11) de rainures et languettes aux autres deuxièmes panneaux (20) de support et aux premiers panneaux (10) de support voisins de la deuxième région (2);
    chaque deuxième panneau (20) de support étant pourvu d'une pluralité de points de fixation (42) pour fixer des pièces de céramique (30) distribuées conformément à un motif faisant partie d'un deuxième ensemble (51) de points de fixation (42) en couvrant complétement cette deuxième région (2) en continuité avec le premier ensemble (50) de la première région (1).
  3. Le système conformément à la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le premier ensemble (50) est régulier et le deuxième ensemble (51) reproduit le motif du premier ensemble (50) en introduisant une irrégularité limitée permettant de s'adapter aux surfaces courbes le long de deux axes, cette irrégularité étant limitée de sorte que l'écart entre les points de fixation (42) du deuxième ensemble (51) est au plus 15% plus grand ou plus petit, ou 10% plus grand ou plus petit, ou 5% plus grand ou plus petit que l'écart entre les points de fixation (42) du premier ensemble (50) ;
    cette irrégularité limitée de ce deuxième ensemble (51) permettant l'adaptation du motif du premier ensemble (50) sur des surfaces courbes le long de deux axes, en maintenant une apparence de régularité et de continuité par rapport au premier ensemble (50).
  4. Le système conformément à la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'aux points de fixation (42) cette une ou plusieurs de ces deuxièmes régions (2) y ont fixé une pluralité de modèles de pièces en céramique (30), tous les modèles de pièces de céramique (30) ayant la même géométrie et ayant une taille différente, la taille de chaque modèle de pièce de céramique (30) étant au plus 15% plus grande ou plus petite, ou 10% plus grande ou plus petite, ou 5% plus grande ou plus petite que la taille des pièces de céramique (30) couvrant les premières régions (1).
  5. Le système conformément à une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une pluralité de pièces de céramique (30) chacune pourvue d'une tige de métal (41) qui fait saillie de sa face arrière, en partie insérée dans le corps de la pièce de céramique (30) et qui y est fixée au moyen d'adhésifs ou de résines et en ce que cette tige de métal (41) peut être fixée à un point de fixation complémentaire (42) formé par un trou prévu dans un premier panneau (10) de support et/ou un deuxième panneau (20) de support, offrant sa rétention.
  6. Le système conformément à la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la tige (41) est filetée et le trou complémentaire est pourvu d'un pas de vis muni d'un écrou ou par un pas de vis usiné sur les parois intérieures du trou, ou par une déformation circulaire faisant saillie de la plaque de support, dans les parois intérieures duquel le pas de vis a été défini.
  7. Le système conformément à la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que les pièces de céramique (30) sont circulaires et convexes et il s'y trouve des espaces interstitiels entre les pièces de céramique placées dans les positions de fixation sur les panneaux.
  8. Le système conformément à une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les panneaux (10,20) de support sont des feuilles extrudées en métal ayant une grosseur inférieure à 6 mm avec des nervures de renforcement parallèles (12) faisant saillie de sa face arrière.
  9. Le système conformément à une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le premier ensemble (50) range les points de fixation (42) selon un motif carré, rectangulaire, triangulaire ou de triangle équilatéral.
  10. Une méthode de revêtement céramique pour couvrir un espace comprenant les éléments suivants :
    • une pluralité de premiers panneaux (10) de support rectangulaires ayant une taille prédéfinie, chacun pourvu de configurations (11) à rainures et languettes sur deux de ses côtés opposés et ayant une pluralité de points de fixation (42) distribués conformément à un motif faisant partie d'un premier ensemble répétitif (50) de points de fixation (42) ;
    • une pluralité de pièces de revêtement céramique (30) pouvant être ancrées à ces points de fixation (42) des premiers panneaux (10) de support par des moyens de fixation (42) ;
    caractérisée en ce que la méthode comprend une structure de support formée par une pluralité de profilés de support (3) pour y ancrer cette pluralité de premiers panneaux (10) de support dans une position latéralement adjacente, cette structure de support définissant une géométrie complexe ;
    cette méthode comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    a) définir la taille et la forme des pièces de céramique (30) ;
    b) définir la taille et la forme des premiers panneaux (10) de support ;
    c) définir le motif des points de fixation (42) sur les premiers panneaux (10) de support de sorte que, en rangeant ces panneaux latéralement adjacents les uns aux autres, ils forment un premier ensemble (50) de points de fixation (42) avec continuité ;
    d) analyser la géométrie définie par la structure de support et délimiter une ou plusieurs premières régions (1) formées par des surfaces développables avec isométrie par rapport à un plan, comprenant aussi optionnellement des surfaces planes ;
    e) subdiviser ces premières régions (1) en des segments uniformes ayant une géométrie développée et une surface coïncidant avec celles des premiers panneaux (10) de support définis, affectant une position précise à chaque premier panneau (10) de support à l'intérieur de ces premières régions (1) ;
    f) fabriquer une pluralité de premiers panneaux (10) de support ayant la taille et la forme définies et les points de fixation (42) étant également situés à leur position définie ;
    g) installer ces premiers panneaux (10) de support sur la structure de support dans les positions précises affectées, étant adaptée à la courbure de la première région (1) à couvrir et installer les pièces de céramique (30) aux points d'ancrage (42) en obtenant un revêtement céramique (30) de la première région (1) conformément au premier ensemble (50) préétabli.
  11. La méthode conformément à la revendication 10 caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en plus les étapes suivantes :
    h) analyser la géométrie définie par la structure de support et délimiter en plus une ou plusieurs deuxièmes régions (2) formées par des surfaces courbes le long de deux axes ;
    i) définir le motif des points de fixation (42) sur les deuxièmes régions (2) de sorte qu'ils forment un deuxième ensemble (51) de points de fixation (42) avec continuité par rapport au premier ensemble (50) qui le borde ;
    j) subdiviser ces deuxièmes régions (2) en des bandes ayant une largeur égale à celle des premiers panneaux (10) de support et subdiviser ces bandes en établissant une pluralité de positions adjacentes latéralement précises pour y fixer une pluralité de deuxièmes panneaux (20) de support trapézoïdaux ayant une largeur égale à celle des premiers panneaux de support (10) et des configurations de rainures et languettes (11) sur deux de leurs côtés opposés égales à celles des premiers panneaux (10) de support ;
    k) installer ces deuxièmes panneaux (20) de support sur la structure de support dans les positions précises affectées, étant adaptée à la courbure de la deuxième région à couvrir ;
    l) distribuer ce deuxième ensemble (51) sur cette pluralité de deuxièmes panneaux (20) de support, en déterminant la position précise de chaque point de fixation (42) sur chaque deuxième panneau (20) de support individuel ;
    m) fabriquer chaque deuxième panneau (20) de support individuel ayant la taille et la forme adaptées à sa position précise et avec les points de fixations (42) également situés à leur position précise sur ces deuxièmes panneaux (20) de support;
    n) installer chaque deuxième panneau (20) de support à sa position précise sur la structure de support, les deuxièmes panneaux (20) de support étant reliés latéralement à d'autres premiers et/ou deuxièmes panneaux (10,20) de support latéralement adjacents au moyen de leurs configurations (11) à rainures et languettes respectives ;
    o) installer les pièces de céramique (30) aux points de fixation (42) en obtenant un revêtement céramique de la deuxième région (2) conformément au deuxième ensemble (51) préétabli.
  12. La méthode conformément à la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que le premier ensemble (50) est régulier et en ce que l'étape 1) comprend en plus les étapes suivantes :
    p) déterminer la position de tous les points de fixation (42) des premières régions (1) qui bordent les deuxièmes régions (2) ;
    q) calculer au moyen d'outils de calcul et basé sur la position de ces points périphériques et la géométrie de la deuxième région (2) à couvrir, le deuxième ensemble (51) des points de fixation (42) de sorte qu'il couvre les deuxièmes régions (2) étant adaptées à sa géométrie en continuité avec le premier ensemble (1) qui le borde, le deuxième ensemble (51) définissant un motif semblable à celui du premier ensemble (50) en introduisant une irrégularité limitée, l'irrégularité du deuxième ensemble (51) étant limitée de sorte que la distance entre les points de fixation (42) du deuxième ensemble (51) est au plus 15% plus grand ou plus petit, ou 10% plus grand ou plus petit ou 5% plus grand ou plus petit que l'écart entre les points de fixation (42) du premier ensemble (1); cette irrégularité limitée de ce deuxième ensemble (51) permettant l'adaptation au motif du premier ensemble (50) sur des surfaces courbes le long de deux axes des deuxièmes régions (2), en maintenant une apparence de régularité et de continuité par rapport au premier ensemble (50) couvrant les premières régions (1).
  13. La méthode conformément aux revendications 10,11 ou 12, caractérisée en ce que les pièces de céramique (30) de la première région (1) ont une taille et une forme uniformes et les pièces de céramique (30) de la deuxième région (2) reproduisent la forme des pièces de céramique (30) de la première région (1), mais leur taille est adaptée pour introduire une irrégularité limitée qui permet d'adapter la taille de chaque pièce de céramique (30) ancrée à chaque point de fixation (42) de la deuxième région (2) à l'irrégularité du deuxième ensemble (51) à ce point, l'irrégularité de la taille des pièces de céramique (30) étant limitée de sorte que la taille de chaque pièce de céramique (30) est au plus 15% plus grande ou plus petite, ou 10% plus grande ou plus petite ou 5% plus grande ou plus petite que la taille des pièces de céramique (30) couvrant les premières régions (1).
  14. La méthode conformément à la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que le nombre de modèles de pièces de céramique (30) ayant une taille différente est limité à six ou moins, un nombre limité de modèles de pièces de céramique (30) ayant une taille différente étant produits.
  15. La méthode conformément à une quelconque des revendications précédentes 10 à 14, caractérisée en ce que certains ou tous les premiers panneaux (10) de support et/ou les deuxièmes panneaux (20) de support sont fabriqués avec une courbure spécifique adaptée à leur position d'assemblage ou les panneaux sont produits en utilisant un nombre limité d'angles de courbure, qui permet de réduire le nombre de modèles de panneaux courbes.
EP16382118.4A 2015-03-25 2016-03-16 Système de revêtement de céramique et procédé pour recouvrir un espace Not-in-force EP3073025B1 (fr)

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IT202000023650A1 (it) * 2020-10-07 2022-04-07 Casalgrande Padana Spa Manufatto da rivestimento e rispettivo sistema di fissaggio

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EP3073025A3 (fr) 2016-10-05

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