EP3054215B1 - Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé - Google Patents

Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3054215B1
EP3054215B1 EP15153815.4A EP15153815A EP3054215B1 EP 3054215 B1 EP3054215 B1 EP 3054215B1 EP 15153815 A EP15153815 A EP 15153815A EP 3054215 B1 EP3054215 B1 EP 3054215B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat transfer
fluidized bed
transfer means
heat exchanger
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15153815.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3054215A1 (fr
Inventor
Damian Goral
Klaus-Dieter Pohl
Oguzhan Narin
Peter Blättermann
Peter Koch
Hans Piechura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Original Assignee
Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Doosan Lentjes GmbH filed Critical Doosan Lentjes GmbH
Priority to EP15153815.4A priority Critical patent/EP3054215B1/fr
Priority to RS20170579A priority patent/RS56059B1/sr
Priority to PL15153815T priority patent/PL3054215T3/pl
Priority to PCT/EP2016/050273 priority patent/WO2016124353A1/fr
Priority to CN201680003150.5A priority patent/CN106796026A/zh
Priority to US15/513,404 priority patent/US20170299173A1/en
Publication of EP3054215A1 publication Critical patent/EP3054215A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3054215B1 publication Critical patent/EP3054215B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
    • F23M9/10—Baffles or deflectors formed as tubes, e.g. in water-tube boilers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a so-called Fluidized Bed Heat Exchanger (FBHE) of a Circulating Fluidized Bed Apparatus (CFBA).
  • FBHE Fluidized Bed Heat Exchanger
  • CFBA Circulating Fluidized Bed Apparatus
  • the aerated particulate material/fuel mixture allows to promote the incineration process and effectivity.
  • the incineration charge is fluidized by the air/gas, often blown in via nozzles.
  • the fluidized bed comprises a so-called denseboard area above said grate and adjacent to the said permeable reactor bottom, while the density of the particulate material within the fluidized bed gets less within the upper part of the reactor space, also called the freeboard area of the fluidized bed.
  • the reaction chamber is often limited by outer water tube walls, made of tubes, through which water runs, wherein said tubes are either welded directly to each other to give a wall structure or with fins/ribs between parallel running tube sections.
  • the CFBR typically has at least one outlet port at its upper end, wherein said outlet port allows the mixture of gas and solid particles exhausted from the reactor, to flow into at least one associated separator.
  • the separator for example a cyclone separator, serves to separate solid particles (the particulate material, including ash) from said gas.
  • a typical design of such a separator is disclosed in US 4,615,715 . Again the outer walls of the separator can be designed with hollow spaces to allow water flowing through.
  • the invention starts from an FBHE with a chamber, comprising at least one solid particles inlet port, at least one solid particles outlet port, arranged at a distance to the at least one inlet port, means for introducing a fluidizing gas from a bottom area of said chamber into said chamber and at least one heat transfer means arranged within said chamber.
  • the invention encompasses three structural elements, namely
  • the heat transfer means extend in a vertically lower part of the FBHE chamber and
  • each heat transfer means in the particles flow direction may best be realized by a wall like structure (a substantially flat and compact design of an individual heat transfer means).
  • channels like "cavities/gaps" are arranged between adjacent heat transfer means, which channels extending as well in the flow/transport direction of the solid particles from the chamber entrance towards the outlet area (outlet port) of the chamber.
  • the overall design of this part of the FBHE is similar to a chamber, divided by intermediate walls into compartments, all extending substantially linear between inlet and outlet ports of the FBHE.
  • wall like does not only refer to a cubic design with flat surfaces but the overall volume which the respective heat transfer means take.
  • Tube sections may extend in different directions along two axis of the coordinate system (within the same plane).
  • This design allows the solid particles within the fluidized bed to flow through said spaces/channels between adjacent discrete heat transfer means, namely within said spaces (channels) formed between adjacent heat transfer means, although the material may penetrate the heat transfer means (for example in case of a heat transfer means made of one or more meandering tubes), but to much less extent than in the main flow direction.
  • the at least one baffle extends in an upper part of the FBHE chamber
  • the baffle(s) extend substantially perpendicular to a straight line between inlet port and outlet port and substantially vertical.
  • This at least one baffle does not influence the flow of the solid particles within the part of the FBHE equipped with the heat transfer means as it is arranged above said heat transfer means and only serves to redirect the incoming solid particle stream (downwardly) and to equalize the pressure above the fluidized bed and along the horizontal cross section of the chamber, in particular, if provided with opening(s).
  • the baffles have the function of separation walls and avoid short circuits of the solid material flow (directly from the inlet port to the outlet port). They urge the solid particle stream to penetrate into the heat transfer zone between the heat transfer means (the channels mentioned above).
  • the invention further provides a structural connection of said heat transfer means with said baffle(s), i.e. some kind of a coupling to
  • extensions may be bars, posts etc but preferably fluid transport means like tubes/pipes, allowing to increase the overall heat exchange surface at the same time, if water/steam flows through these extension pipes/tubes, which may be fluidly connected to any of the tubes of the heat transfer tubes and/or the baffles pipes.
  • the extensions may be regarded as part of the baffle installation and/or as part of the heat transfer means, both in a thermotechnical sense.
  • the extensions may have a small cross section as they extend within the space between adjacent heat transfer means and should avoid any unfavorable slowdown of the solid material flowing there through.
  • the (horizontal) cross section (corresponding to the flow through area of the fluid) should be less than 50%, better ⁇ 40%, ⁇ 30%, ⁇ 20% or even ⁇ 10% of the horizontal distance between corresponding adjacent heat transfer means.
  • connections/couplings may be realized by any conventional clamping mechanism as known to the skilled person from other applications.
  • These clamping means may by hooks, brackets, clips, clamps, braces or the like.
  • Figure 1 discloses the general concept of a fluidized bed apparatus and its main components according to the present invention.
  • the invention includes one or more of the following features:
  • Outlet port 30 comprises multiple flow through openings, arranged in a horizontal row with a distance to each other along a corresponding wall section of said wall 14w.
  • Said wall 14w is water-cooled, namely constructed of vertically extending tubes with fins running between adjacent tubes.
  • the tubes are cooled by water fed through said tubes.
  • the through holes having the function of discrete outlet ports are shown in Figure 2 in a slightly inclined orientation, with a lower end towards the fluidized bed heat exchanger 24 and a higher end towards the fluidized bed reactor chamber 14.
  • This inclined orientation can be provided as part of a 3-dimensional profile (for example as a convexity 14w') of said wall 14w towards the inner space/chamber of the fluidized bed heat exchanger 24 as shown in dotted lines in Figure 2 and characterized by numeral 30'.
  • FIGs 2 to 4 display the design and construction of a type of heat transfer means 28 within the fluidized bed heat exchanger 24. In Figure 2 only one of said heat transfer means is shown. Further heat transfer means of equal design are placed at a distance to each other within FBHE 24 (perpendicular to the plane of projection), as schematically shown in Fig. 4 .
  • each of said means 28 is designed in a wall-like pattern and extending substantially parallel to the main flow direction of the solid particles on their way to and through the outlet port 30, symbolized in Figure 2 by arrow S.
  • All tubes 28 are connected to the same feeding line 42 and outlet line 44.
  • the meandering tubes not only give the heat transfer means 28 a wall-like pattern but as well a grate-like structure to allow the particulate material to pass through as well in another horizontal direction, although to much less extent.
  • the horizontally extending sections of said tubes are about ten times longer than the vertically extending sections ( Figure 2 is not drawn to scale). Adjacent horizontal sections extent to a distance to each other being about the tube diameter.
  • each of said wall-like heat transfer means 28 extends from slightly above bottom 24b (or more precisely: from slightly above air nozzles 46, arranged in said bottom 24b, see Fig. 2 ) to slightly below inlet port 22 and from slightly off wall 14w to slightly off opposite wall 24w.
  • the particulate material may take a direct way from the inlet port 22 to the outlet port 30 (see arrow S) along the channels/gaps C formed between adjacent tubes (heat transfer means), as may be seen in Figure 3 .
  • Fluidization of the particulate material within FBHE 24 is achieved by said air nozzles 46 in the bottom area 24b.
  • the particulate material is circulated by said purging means within FBHE 24 in order to optimize heat transfer from the hot solid particles P into the steam flowing within tube like heat transfer means 28 at a temperature of typically 300-625°C and a pressure of between 80 and 300bar.
  • the embodiment displayed further includes two baffles 50, 52, which extent from ceiling 24c downwardly, ending shortly above heat transfer means 28.
  • These baffles 50, 52 extend substantially perpendicular to a straight line between inlet port 22 and outlet port 30 (dotted line L), i.e. perpendicular to the wall like heat transfer means 28.
  • Both baffles 50, 52 extend between opposite walls of FBHE 24 (only one, namely 24s is shown), being the walls bridging said walls 14w, 24w.
  • the baffles 50, 52 are arranged at a distance to each other.
  • Each of said baffles 50, 52 comprise one opening O (see Fig. 4 ) to allow pressure adjustment (equalization) within the inner space of FBHE 24.
  • the said baffle(s) 50, 52 are further designed like a curtain, made of pipes, through which water of 270-374°C at 90-320bar is fed.
  • baffles 50,52 urge the particulate material, flowing into chamber 10 via inlet port 22, to move downwardly (see arrow S) at baffle 50 and then to flow through said channels C ( Figures 3 , 4 ) between adjacent heat transfer means 28 on their way between inlet port 22 and outlet port 30.
  • Fig. 4 shown the meandering wall like structure of heat transfer means (tubes) 28, again only schematically for better illustration.
  • heat transfer means tubes
  • Fig.4 , 5 further display pipe-like extensions E, extending from the respective baffle 50,52 downwardly and into the spaces C between adjacent heat transfer means 28.
  • the extensions E are in fluid communication with a central feeding line CFL to which pressure pipes PP are connected, which define the corresponding baffle 50,52.
  • Each baffle 50,52 is made of one or more of such pressure pipes PP, arranged similarly as the heat exchange tubes ET of heat transfer means 28 to allow water of 270-400°C and 90-320bar pressure passing there through.
  • Each bracket/coupling B has a beam-like design with 3 openings through which 2 corresponding tube sections of a heat exchange tube ET and one section of a corresponding pipe extension E extend.
  • the said brackets B are made of steel half shelves, laid around the corresponding pipe/tube and then closed by a screw, bolt, clamp or the like.
  • each pipe extension E is about 20% of the distance (width of channel C) between adjacent all like heat transfer means 28.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé avec une chambre (24), comprenant au moins un port d'entrée de particules solides (22), au moins un port de sortie de particules solides (30), agencé à une certaine distance de l'au moins un port d'entrée (22), un moyen (46) permettant d'introduire un gaz de fluidisation à partir d'une zone de fond (24b) de ladite chambre (24) à l'intérieur de ladite chambre (24), un moyen de transfert de chaleur de type paroi (28) dans sa partie inférieure, s'étendant dans une direction d'écoulement principale des particules solides en provenance du port d'entrée (22) vers le port de sortie (30),
    substantiellement parallèles les uns aux autres,
    avec un espace (C) entre des moyens de transfert de chaleur adjacents (28),
    au moins un déflecteur (50, 52) dans sa partie supérieure, s'étendant vers le bas à partir d'un plafond de chambre (24c), avec son extrémité inférieure à une certaine distance des moyens de transfert de chaleur (28),
    substantiellement perpendiculaire au moyen de transfert de chaleur (28),
    caractérisé en ce que, ledit au moins un déflecteur s'étend substantiellement de manière perpendiculaire à une ligne droite entre le port d'entrée (22) et le port de sortie (30) de la chambre (24) et substantiellement de manière verticale, et comprenant des extensions (E), faisant saillie à l'intérieur de l'espace (C) entre des moyens de transfert de chaleur adjacents (28), et
    des accouplements (B) pour raccorder de manière mécanique lesdits moyens de transfert de chaleur (28) auxdites extensions (E).
  2. Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'au moins un déflecteur (50, 52) possède au moins une ouverture (O) pour permettre un ajustement de pression.
  3. Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'au moins un déflecteur (50, 52) est conçu comme un rideau contenant de nombreuses ouvertures petites et discrètes.
  4. Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'au moins un déflecteur (50, 52) s'étend entre des parois opposées (24s) de la chambre (24).
  5. Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'au moins un déflecteur (50, 52) est constitué de conduites de pression (PP) pour transporter de l'eau de 270 °C à 400 °C entre 90 bars et 320 bars.
  6. Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel les conduites de pression (PP) de chaque déflecteur (50, 52) sont connectables à une ligne d'alimentation centrale (CFL).
  7. Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé selon la revendication 1, contenant de multiples déflecteurs (50, 52), agencés de manière parallèle les uns aux autres à différentes distances du port d'entrée (22).
  8. Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les moyens de transfert de chaleur (28) sont conçus comme des tubes d'échange de chaleur (ET) pour transporter un moyen de transfert de chaleur et agencés d'une façon sinueuse, fournissant ainsi un motif de type paroi orienté de manière verticale.
  9. Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les moyens de transfert de chaleur (28) sont conçus comme des tubes d'échange de chaleur (ET) pour transporter de la vapeur de 300 °C à 650 °C entre 80 bars et 300 bars.
  10. Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les moyens de transfert de chaleur (28) sont conçus comme des tubes d'échange de chaleur (ET) qui sont connectables à un tube d'alimentation central (42, 44).
  11. Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les moyens de transfert de chaleur (28) et les déflecteur (50, 52), y compris leurs extensions (E), forment une structure de type grille à trois dimensions.
  12. Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé selon la revendication 1 avec des parois de chambre (14w, 24w, 24s) étant au moins partiellement refroidies à l'eau.
  13. Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé selon la revendication 12 avec lesdites parois de chambre (14w, 24w, 24s) qui sont faites de tubes de pression, avec des ailettes entre les tubes de pression adjacents.
EP15153815.4A 2015-02-04 2015-02-04 Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé Active EP3054215B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15153815.4A EP3054215B1 (fr) 2015-02-04 2015-02-04 Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé
RS20170579A RS56059B1 (sr) 2015-02-04 2015-02-04 Izmenjivač toplote sa fluidizovanim slojem
PL15153815T PL3054215T3 (pl) 2015-02-04 2015-02-04 Wymiennik ciepła ze złożem fluidalnym
PCT/EP2016/050273 WO2016124353A1 (fr) 2015-02-04 2016-01-08 Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé
CN201680003150.5A CN106796026A (zh) 2015-02-04 2016-01-08 流化床热交换器
US15/513,404 US20170299173A1 (en) 2015-02-04 2016-01-08 Fluidized bed heat exchanger

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15153815.4A EP3054215B1 (fr) 2015-02-04 2015-02-04 Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3054215A1 EP3054215A1 (fr) 2016-08-10
EP3054215B1 true EP3054215B1 (fr) 2017-04-19

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15153815.4A Active EP3054215B1 (fr) 2015-02-04 2015-02-04 Échangeur de chaleur à lit fluidisé

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20170299173A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3054215B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN106796026A (fr)
PL (1) PL3054215T3 (fr)
RS (1) RS56059B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016124353A1 (fr)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1852363A (en) * 1928-06-16 1932-04-05 Whitlock Coil Pipe Company Heat exchanger

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4253425A (en) * 1979-01-31 1981-03-03 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Internal dust recirculation system for a fluidized bed heat exchanger
US4307777A (en) * 1979-11-30 1981-12-29 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Heat exchanger tube support
US4615715A (en) 1985-03-15 1986-10-07 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Water-cooled cyclone separator
CA2149049C (fr) * 1992-11-10 1999-07-06 Timo Hyppanen Methode et appareil pour l'utilisation d'un reacteur a lit fluidise
US5840258A (en) * 1992-11-10 1998-11-24 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Method and apparatus for transporting solid particles from one chamber to another chamber
FI102316B (fi) * 1996-06-05 1998-11-13 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Menetelmä ja laite kiintoainesuspensioiden haitallisten komponenttien lämmönsiirtopinnoille aiheuttaman korroosion vähentämiseksi
US5943985A (en) * 1996-12-23 1999-08-31 Hartman; Ernest L. Welded bracket for supporting superheat and reheat assembly tubing on steam cooled hanger tubes
FI110205B (fi) * 1998-10-02 2002-12-13 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Menetelmä ja laite leijupetilämmönsiirtimessä
FI114289B (fi) 2000-04-07 2004-09-30 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Laite hiukkasten erottamiseksi kuumista kaasuista
US20140262172A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Koch Heat Transfer Company, Lp Tube bundle for shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a method of use

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1852363A (en) * 1928-06-16 1932-04-05 Whitlock Coil Pipe Company Heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2016124353A1 (fr) 2016-08-11
US20170299173A1 (en) 2017-10-19
PL3054215T3 (pl) 2017-08-31
RS56059B1 (sr) 2017-09-29
CN106796026A (zh) 2017-05-31
EP3054215A1 (fr) 2016-08-10

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