EP3054018B1 - Dispositif de chargement pour le traitement thermique indéformable de pièces usinées - Google Patents

Dispositif de chargement pour le traitement thermique indéformable de pièces usinées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3054018B1
EP3054018B1 EP16154103.2A EP16154103A EP3054018B1 EP 3054018 B1 EP3054018 B1 EP 3054018B1 EP 16154103 A EP16154103 A EP 16154103A EP 3054018 B1 EP3054018 B1 EP 3054018B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ball joint
supports
workpiece
head
loading
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16154103.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3054018A1 (fr
Inventor
Gerhard Reese
Thorsten Stadtler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Harterei Reese Bochum GmbH
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Harterei Reese Bochum GmbH
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Priority to PL16154103T priority Critical patent/PL3054018T3/pl
Publication of EP3054018A1 publication Critical patent/EP3054018A1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F27D5/0006—Composite supporting structures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0001—Positioning the charge
    • F27D2003/0012—Working with piles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a charging device for the dimensionally stable heat treatment of workpieces with a disc or ring shape, with a charging frame for the horizontal storage of the workpiece and a method for dimensionally stable hardening of workpieces and the use of ball joint mandrels in the heat treatment of workpieces.
  • the heat treatment of workpieces made of steel serves the purpose of improving the wear and strength properties of the treated workpieces.
  • the workpieces are heated to temperatures between 700 ° C and 1000 ° C in furnace systems and rapidly cooled in the so-called austenitized state. Cooling usually takes place in liquid quenching media such as oil or polymer solutions.
  • Gears with hub diameters greater than about 25% of the outer diameter are usually positioned horizontally on charging racks and are thus fed to the heat treatment process described above.
  • the horizontal batching leads to runout errors and a conically modified toothing.
  • This change in shape is due, on the one hand, to the different cooling speeds between the upper and lower flat surfaces of the gear during quenching, and, on the other hand, to the selective support of the gear on the charging frame. While the upper flat surface of the gear wheel can expand unhindered under the influence of heat, the lower flat surface of the gear wheel is prevented from expanding due to the punctiform support on the charging frame.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above in the heat treatment, without significantly increasing the effort required for the treatment.
  • a charging device of the type mentioned in which at least three screw mandrels or ball joint mandrels are arranged on the charging frame, the ball joint mandrels comprising a base plate with an internal thread, a screw element on the Internal thread matched external thread and a head shaped as a spherical section surface and a pressure piece matched precisely to the spherical segment surface of the head and movably arranged thereon.
  • the invention further relates to a method for the heat treatment of workpieces with the aid of such a charging device and the use of such ball joint mandrels for the heat treatment of workpieces on a charging frame.
  • the charging device has a charge frame, which is preferably made of a heat-resistant steel.
  • a heat-resistant steel of quality 1.4849 can be used for the screw or ball joint mandrels.
  • the charging frame of the charging device according to the invention preferably has the shape of a star, in particular a spoke wheel with six to nine arms.
  • any other shape of the frame is also possible, provided that the frame is permeable to hot air. This applies in particular to any form of grating.
  • the workpiece stored on the charging frame has in particular a disk or ring shape. It is preferably a gear of larger dimensions, diameters of significantly more than 1,000 mm being readily possible.
  • the workpiece is not stored directly on the charging frame, but on at least three spherical joint mandrels, which are arranged on the charging frame.
  • the ball joint mandrels consist of a base plate that rests on the charging frame and a screw element screwed into an internal thread of the base plate.
  • the screw element is height-adjustable via the screw thread.
  • the screw element itself has a head in the form of a spherical section surface on which a complementarily shaped pressure piece rests in a freely movable manner. The pressure piece can be on the Move the spherical section surface freely and thereby adapt it to inclined surfaces.
  • the ball joint mandrels thus allow the exact horizontal alignment of a workpiece on a charging frame that is distorted, for example, by multiple use. At the same time, the ball joint mandrels also allow the treatment of workpieces that have an irregular surface, whereby differences in height and inclinations can be compensated for.
  • the number of mandrels usually corresponds to at least the number of arms of the charging frame or a multiple thereof.
  • the mandrels preferably have a trapezoidal thread which is ideally suited for the purposes according to the invention.
  • Trapezoidal threads generally have a large pitch with thick threads, which is particularly advantageous for the transmission of axial forces.
  • the mandrels serve to absorb the dimensional changes of the workpiece during heat treatment as well as during cooling. This leads to relative movements between the surface of the screw element and the underside of the pressure piece on the one hand, as well as between the top of the pressure piece and the workpiece on the other hand.
  • a high-temperature lubricant be it in the region of the ball joint or in the region of the contact surface between the workpiece and the head of the screw or the pressure piece.
  • a lubricant is, for example, a copper paste known per se.
  • Other lubricants, such as graphite, can also be used.
  • the gears are preferably placed on so-called spherical joint mandrels.
  • the ball joint mandrels consist of three parts: A base plate with a trapezoidal internal thread is positioned on the charging frame. Then a screw with a trapezoidal thread is screwed into the base plate. The screw head is shaped like an upper ball section. A precisely fitting pressure piece is positioned on this spherical segment surface, which is movably supported on the spherical segment surface.
  • the method according to the invention can generally be used both for tempering workpieces, for example at temperatures of 850 ° C., and for case hardening at 930 to 980 ° C., under protective gas and process gas. It is particularly suitable for disc-shaped and ring-shaped workpieces, with gears in the foreground. Treatment times depend on the desired depth of hardness and the thickness of the material.
  • the invention also relates to the use of ball-and-socket mandrels, as described above, in the dimensionally stable heat treatment of workpieces on a charging frame in horizontal storage.
  • Fig. 1a shows a 6 mounted on 6 ball joint mandrels 2, of which the teeth are shown outside.
  • Fig. 1b shows the same gear from below with the evenly distributed over the circumference ball joint mandrels 2, with which the gear is supported on a charging frame (not shown).
  • the ball joint mandrels are neither firmly connected to the gear nor to the charging frame.
  • Fig. 2 shows section A from Fig. 1a with the gear 1 and the ball joint mandrel 2.
  • the ball joint mandrel consists of the base plate 3, into which the screw element 4 is screwed.
  • the pressure piece 5, on which the toothed wheel 1 is mounted, is supported on the head of the screw element 4.
  • Fig. 3 (a) shows a ball joint mandrel 2 in a side view with the base plate 3, the screw element 4 and the pressure piece 5th Fig. 3 (b) shows the ball joint mandrel along the section line CC with the screw element 4 screwed in the base plate 3.
  • the screw element 4 has an external thread which engages in an internal thread 7 of the base plate 3.
  • the internal thread is preferably a trapezoidal thread.
  • the screw element 4 also has a hexagon-shaped head that allows the attachment of a wrench.
  • the upper head surface 6 is designed in the form of a spherical segment, and the lower surface of the pressure piece 5 is also complementary thereto.
  • the pressure piece 5 can thus move freely on the head of the screw element 4 in all directions. In particular that is Pressure piece is thus able to compensate for misalignments of the charging frame and / or surfaces of the workpiece that deviate from the horizontal.
  • a lubricant can be applied to the spherical section surface 6 as well as the surface of the pressure piece 5 in order to minimize the friction between the screw element 4 and the pressure piece 5 or the pressure piece 5 and the workpiece 1.
  • Fig. 4 finally shows a charging frame 10 in the form of a star, which is suitable for the horizontal reception of a disk-shaped or ring-shaped workpiece.
  • the screw or ball joint mandrels 2 are placed on the charging frame at regular intervals, preferably a mandrel in the region of each arm 11, on which the workpiece is then placed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Dispositif de chargement pour le traitement thermique sans déformation de pièces à usiner en forme de disque ou de couronne, doté d'un bâti de chargement (10) destiné à placer horizontalement la pièce à usiner (1), caractérisé en ce qu'au moins trois mandrins à rotule (2) sont disposés sur le bâti de chargement (10), les mandrins à rotule comportant un socle (3) doté d'un taraudage (7), un élément à visser (4) doté d'un filetage extérieur (7) correspondant au taraudage (7) et une tête en forme de segment sphérique, ainsi qu'une pièce de pression (5) précisément ajustée sur le segment sphérique de la tête et montée mobile sur cette dernière.
  2. Dispositif de chargement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les mandrins à rotule sont vissés de manière à être réglables en hauteur dans le bâti de chargement.
  3. Dispositif de chargement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le bâti de chargement (10) et les mandrins à rotule (2) sont fabriqués en acier réfractaire.
  4. Dispositif de chargement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, doté d'un bâti de chargement (10) en forme de caillebottis ou d'étoile à plusieurs branches (11).
  5. Dispositif de chargement selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le bâti de chargement (10) comporte de six à neuf branches (11).
  6. Dispositif de chargement selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que le nombre de mandrins (2) est au moins égal au nombre de branches (11).
  7. Dispositif de chargement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les mandrins (2) présentent un filet trapézoïdal (7).
  8. Dispositif de chargement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les mandrins à rotule (2) comportent un lubrifiant entre la tête et la pièce de pression (5).
  9. Dispositif de chargement selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le lubrifiant est une pâte de cuivre.
  10. Procédé de traitement thermique sans déformation de pièces à usiner en forme de disque ou de couronne, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    - mise à disposition d'un bâti de chargement (10) sous la forme d'une roue à rayons ;
    - montage d'au moins trois mandrins à rotule (2) sur le bâti de chargement, les mandrins à rotule (2) comportant un socle (3) doté d'un taraudage (7), un élément à visser (4) doté d'un filetage extérieur (7) correspondant au taraudage (7) et une tête en forme de segment sphérique, ainsi qu'une pièce de pression (5) précisément ajustée sur le segment sphérique de la tête et montée mobile sur cette dernière ;
    - pose de la pièce à usiner (1) sur les mandrins (2) ;
    - alignement des mandrins (2) ;
    - application de chaleur à la pièce à usiner (1) pendant une durée souhaitée ;
    - refroidissement de la pièce à usiner (1) dans un réfrigérant courant ; et
    - démarrage de la pièce à usiner (1) le cas échéant.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le bâti de chargement (10) utilisé comporte de six à neuf branches.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le nombre de mandrins (2) est au moins égal au nombre de branches (11) du bâti de chargement (10).
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 10, 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces de contact (6) entre les pièces de pression (5) des mandrins à rotule (2) et l'élément à visser (4) et/ou la pièce à usiner (1) sont lubrifiées.
  14. Utilisation de mandrins à rotule pour placer horizontalement des pièces à usiner en forme de disque ou de couronne dans un dispositif de chargement destiné à un traitement thermique sans déformation, dans laquelle les mandrins à rotule (2) comportent un socle (3) doté d'un taraudage (7), un élément à visser (4) doté d'un filetage extérieur (7) correspondant au taraudage (7) et une tête en forme de segment sphérique, ainsi qu'une pièce de pression (5) précisément ajustée sur le segment sphérique de la tête et montée mobile sur cette dernière.
EP16154103.2A 2015-02-05 2016-02-03 Dispositif de chargement pour le traitement thermique indéformable de pièces usinées Active EP3054018B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL16154103T PL3054018T3 (pl) 2015-02-05 2016-02-03 Urządzenie załadowcze do stabilnej kształtowo obróbki cieplnej przedmiotów obrabianych

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015101653.2A DE102015101653B4 (de) 2015-02-05 2015-02-05 Chargiereinrichtung für die formstabile Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3054018A1 EP3054018A1 (fr) 2016-08-10
EP3054018B1 true EP3054018B1 (fr) 2020-01-01

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EP16154103.2A Active EP3054018B1 (fr) 2015-02-05 2016-02-03 Dispositif de chargement pour le traitement thermique indéformable de pièces usinées

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EP (1) EP3054018B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015101653B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK3054018T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2782366T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3054018T3 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111424141B (zh) * 2020-05-14 2022-04-19 广西先进铝加工创新中心有限责任公司 一种用于铝合金型材辊底炉热处理的料筐
CN113699330B (zh) * 2021-08-06 2023-04-28 湖北三江航天险峰电子信息有限公司 一种用于薄壁筒零部件的热处理工装及热处理方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202008008067U1 (de) * 2008-06-18 2009-10-29 Edag Gmbh & Co. Kgaa Vorrichtung zum Fixieren eines Bauteils während einer Wärmebehandlung

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB303196A (en) * 1927-09-29 1928-12-31 Albert Edward Shorter Improvements in or relating to the method of hardening metal surfaces
US1768159A (en) * 1927-09-29 1930-06-24 Patent Gear Hardening Company Apparatus for hardening metal surfaces
US2425751A (en) * 1940-06-29 1947-08-19 Linde Air Prod Co Method of and apparatus for flame hardening gear teeth
DE1171942B (de) * 1955-12-22 1964-06-11 Gleason Works Verfahren zur Abschreckbehandlung eines durch Abschrecken haertbaren, im wesentlichen ringfoermigen Werkstueckes und Vorrichtung zur Ausfuehrung dieses Verfahrens
US5221513A (en) * 1992-01-31 1993-06-22 The Penn State Research Foundation Apparatus and method for net shape finishing of gears

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202008008067U1 (de) * 2008-06-18 2009-10-29 Edag Gmbh & Co. Kgaa Vorrichtung zum Fixieren eines Bauteils während einer Wärmebehandlung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL3054018T3 (pl) 2020-06-29
EP3054018A1 (fr) 2016-08-10
DK3054018T3 (da) 2020-04-06
DE102015101653B4 (de) 2017-01-26
ES2782366T3 (es) 2020-09-14
DE102015101653A1 (de) 2016-08-25

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