EP3054018B1 - Batching device for the stable heat treatment of workpieces - Google Patents

Batching device for the stable heat treatment of workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3054018B1
EP3054018B1 EP16154103.2A EP16154103A EP3054018B1 EP 3054018 B1 EP3054018 B1 EP 3054018B1 EP 16154103 A EP16154103 A EP 16154103A EP 3054018 B1 EP3054018 B1 EP 3054018B1
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Prior art keywords
ball joint
supports
workpiece
head
loading
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EP16154103.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3054018A1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Reese
Thorsten Stadtler
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Harterei Reese Bochum GmbH
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Harterei Reese Bochum GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F27D5/0006—Composite supporting structures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0001—Positioning the charge
    • F27D2003/0012—Working with piles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a charging device for the dimensionally stable heat treatment of workpieces with a disc or ring shape, with a charging frame for the horizontal storage of the workpiece and a method for dimensionally stable hardening of workpieces and the use of ball joint mandrels in the heat treatment of workpieces.
  • the heat treatment of workpieces made of steel serves the purpose of improving the wear and strength properties of the treated workpieces.
  • the workpieces are heated to temperatures between 700 ° C and 1000 ° C in furnace systems and rapidly cooled in the so-called austenitized state. Cooling usually takes place in liquid quenching media such as oil or polymer solutions.
  • Gears with hub diameters greater than about 25% of the outer diameter are usually positioned horizontally on charging racks and are thus fed to the heat treatment process described above.
  • the horizontal batching leads to runout errors and a conically modified toothing.
  • This change in shape is due, on the one hand, to the different cooling speeds between the upper and lower flat surfaces of the gear during quenching, and, on the other hand, to the selective support of the gear on the charging frame. While the upper flat surface of the gear wheel can expand unhindered under the influence of heat, the lower flat surface of the gear wheel is prevented from expanding due to the punctiform support on the charging frame.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above in the heat treatment, without significantly increasing the effort required for the treatment.
  • a charging device of the type mentioned in which at least three screw mandrels or ball joint mandrels are arranged on the charging frame, the ball joint mandrels comprising a base plate with an internal thread, a screw element on the Internal thread matched external thread and a head shaped as a spherical section surface and a pressure piece matched precisely to the spherical segment surface of the head and movably arranged thereon.
  • the invention further relates to a method for the heat treatment of workpieces with the aid of such a charging device and the use of such ball joint mandrels for the heat treatment of workpieces on a charging frame.
  • the charging device has a charge frame, which is preferably made of a heat-resistant steel.
  • a heat-resistant steel of quality 1.4849 can be used for the screw or ball joint mandrels.
  • the charging frame of the charging device according to the invention preferably has the shape of a star, in particular a spoke wheel with six to nine arms.
  • any other shape of the frame is also possible, provided that the frame is permeable to hot air. This applies in particular to any form of grating.
  • the workpiece stored on the charging frame has in particular a disk or ring shape. It is preferably a gear of larger dimensions, diameters of significantly more than 1,000 mm being readily possible.
  • the workpiece is not stored directly on the charging frame, but on at least three spherical joint mandrels, which are arranged on the charging frame.
  • the ball joint mandrels consist of a base plate that rests on the charging frame and a screw element screwed into an internal thread of the base plate.
  • the screw element is height-adjustable via the screw thread.
  • the screw element itself has a head in the form of a spherical section surface on which a complementarily shaped pressure piece rests in a freely movable manner. The pressure piece can be on the Move the spherical section surface freely and thereby adapt it to inclined surfaces.
  • the ball joint mandrels thus allow the exact horizontal alignment of a workpiece on a charging frame that is distorted, for example, by multiple use. At the same time, the ball joint mandrels also allow the treatment of workpieces that have an irregular surface, whereby differences in height and inclinations can be compensated for.
  • the number of mandrels usually corresponds to at least the number of arms of the charging frame or a multiple thereof.
  • the mandrels preferably have a trapezoidal thread which is ideally suited for the purposes according to the invention.
  • Trapezoidal threads generally have a large pitch with thick threads, which is particularly advantageous for the transmission of axial forces.
  • the mandrels serve to absorb the dimensional changes of the workpiece during heat treatment as well as during cooling. This leads to relative movements between the surface of the screw element and the underside of the pressure piece on the one hand, as well as between the top of the pressure piece and the workpiece on the other hand.
  • a high-temperature lubricant be it in the region of the ball joint or in the region of the contact surface between the workpiece and the head of the screw or the pressure piece.
  • a lubricant is, for example, a copper paste known per se.
  • Other lubricants, such as graphite, can also be used.
  • the gears are preferably placed on so-called spherical joint mandrels.
  • the ball joint mandrels consist of three parts: A base plate with a trapezoidal internal thread is positioned on the charging frame. Then a screw with a trapezoidal thread is screwed into the base plate. The screw head is shaped like an upper ball section. A precisely fitting pressure piece is positioned on this spherical segment surface, which is movably supported on the spherical segment surface.
  • the method according to the invention can generally be used both for tempering workpieces, for example at temperatures of 850 ° C., and for case hardening at 930 to 980 ° C., under protective gas and process gas. It is particularly suitable for disc-shaped and ring-shaped workpieces, with gears in the foreground. Treatment times depend on the desired depth of hardness and the thickness of the material.
  • the invention also relates to the use of ball-and-socket mandrels, as described above, in the dimensionally stable heat treatment of workpieces on a charging frame in horizontal storage.
  • Fig. 1a shows a 6 mounted on 6 ball joint mandrels 2, of which the teeth are shown outside.
  • Fig. 1b shows the same gear from below with the evenly distributed over the circumference ball joint mandrels 2, with which the gear is supported on a charging frame (not shown).
  • the ball joint mandrels are neither firmly connected to the gear nor to the charging frame.
  • Fig. 2 shows section A from Fig. 1a with the gear 1 and the ball joint mandrel 2.
  • the ball joint mandrel consists of the base plate 3, into which the screw element 4 is screwed.
  • the pressure piece 5, on which the toothed wheel 1 is mounted, is supported on the head of the screw element 4.
  • Fig. 3 (a) shows a ball joint mandrel 2 in a side view with the base plate 3, the screw element 4 and the pressure piece 5th Fig. 3 (b) shows the ball joint mandrel along the section line CC with the screw element 4 screwed in the base plate 3.
  • the screw element 4 has an external thread which engages in an internal thread 7 of the base plate 3.
  • the internal thread is preferably a trapezoidal thread.
  • the screw element 4 also has a hexagon-shaped head that allows the attachment of a wrench.
  • the upper head surface 6 is designed in the form of a spherical segment, and the lower surface of the pressure piece 5 is also complementary thereto.
  • the pressure piece 5 can thus move freely on the head of the screw element 4 in all directions. In particular that is Pressure piece is thus able to compensate for misalignments of the charging frame and / or surfaces of the workpiece that deviate from the horizontal.
  • a lubricant can be applied to the spherical section surface 6 as well as the surface of the pressure piece 5 in order to minimize the friction between the screw element 4 and the pressure piece 5 or the pressure piece 5 and the workpiece 1.
  • Fig. 4 finally shows a charging frame 10 in the form of a star, which is suitable for the horizontal reception of a disk-shaped or ring-shaped workpiece.
  • the screw or ball joint mandrels 2 are placed on the charging frame at regular intervals, preferably a mandrel in the region of each arm 11, on which the workpiece is then placed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Chargiereinrichtung für die formstabile Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken mit einer Scheiben- oder Ringform, mit einem Chargiergestell zur horizontalen Lagerung des Werkstücks sowie ein Verfahren zum formstabilen Härten von Werkstücken und die Verwendung von Kugelgelenkdornen bei der Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken.The invention relates to a charging device for the dimensionally stable heat treatment of workpieces with a disc or ring shape, with a charging frame for the horizontal storage of the workpiece and a method for dimensionally stable hardening of workpieces and the use of ball joint mandrels in the heat treatment of workpieces.

Die Wärmebehandlung von aus Stahl gefertigten Werkstücken (u. a. auch Zahnrädern) dient dem Zweck, die Verschleiß- und Festigkeitseigenschaften der behandelten Werkstücke zu verbessern. Dazu werden die Werkstücke in Ofenanlagen auf Temperaturen zwischen 700° C und 1000° C erwärmt und im sogenannten austenitisierten Zustand rasch abgekühlt. Die Abkühlung erfolgt üblicherweise in flüssigen Abschreckmedien wie beispielsweise Öl oder Polymerlösungen.The heat treatment of workpieces made of steel (including gears) serves the purpose of improving the wear and strength properties of the treated workpieces. For this purpose, the workpieces are heated to temperatures between 700 ° C and 1000 ° C in furnace systems and rapidly cooled in the so-called austenitized state. Cooling usually takes place in liquid quenching media such as oil or polymer solutions.

Während der Abkühlung der austenitisierten Zahnräder im flüssigen Abschreckmedium beginnt dieses an den heißen Werkstückoberflächen zu sieden und eine Dampfschicht aufzubauen. Diese Dampfschicht, auch Dampfhaut genannt, beeinflusst die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit des Werkstücks stark. Daher wird versucht, die Dampfhautbildung so gering wie möglich zu halten, um eine gleichmäßigere Abkühlung der Werkstücke zu erzielen. Dies wird teilweise erreicht durch gleichmäßige Umwälzung des Abschreckmediums oder/und Bewegung der Werkstücke im Abschreckmedium. Nach dem Abschrecken werden die Werkstücke auf Temperaturen innerhalb der sogenannten Anlassstufen erwärmt und erhalten so die geforderte Festigkeit bzw. Härte.As the austenitized gearwheels cool down in the liquid quenching medium, it begins to boil on the hot workpiece surfaces and build up a vapor layer. This vapor layer, also called vapor skin, has a strong influence on the cooling rate of the workpiece. Therefore, attempts are made to keep the formation of vapor skin as low as possible in order to achieve a more uniform cooling of the workpieces. This is achieved in part by uniform circulation of the quenching medium and / or movement of the workpieces in the quenching medium. After quenching, the workpieces are heated to temperatures within the so-called tempering stages are heated and thus obtain the required strength or hardness.

Zahnräder mit Nabendurchmessern größer etwa 25 % des Außendurchmessers werden üblicherweise horizontal auf Chargiergestellen positioniert und so dem oben beschriebenen Wärmebehandlungsprozess zugeführt. Allerdings führt die horizontale Chargierung zu Planlauffehlern (Planschlag) und einer konisch veränderten Verzahnung. Dieses Formänderungsverhalten ist zum einen auf die unterschiedlichen Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten zwischen der oberen und der unteren Planfläche des Zahnrades bei der Abschreckung zurückzuführen und zum anderen auf die punktuelle Auflage des Zahnrades auf dem Chargiergestell. Während sich die obere Planfläche des Zahnrades ungehindert unter Wärmeeinfluss ausdehnen kann, wird die untere Planfläche des Zahnrades aufgrund der punktuellen Auflage auf dem Chargiergestell an einer Ausdehnung gehindert.Gears with hub diameters greater than about 25% of the outer diameter are usually positioned horizontally on charging racks and are thus fed to the heat treatment process described above. However, the horizontal batching leads to runout errors and a conically modified toothing. This change in shape is due, on the one hand, to the different cooling speeds between the upper and lower flat surfaces of the gear during quenching, and, on the other hand, to the selective support of the gear on the charging frame. While the upper flat surface of the gear wheel can expand unhindered under the influence of heat, the lower flat surface of the gear wheel is prevented from expanding due to the punctiform support on the charging frame.

Die Folge aus dem unterschiedlich ausgeprägten Wachstum zwischen der oberen und der unteren Planfläche während der Wärmebehandlung ist eine konische Formänderung der Verzahnung. Konizität der Verzahnung verursacht erhöhten Schleifaufwand bei der Endbearbeitung der Zahnräder, die sich an die Wärmebehandlung anschließt. In ungünstigen Fällen wird bei der, durch die Formänderung hervorgerufenen, mechanischen Nachbearbeitung ein Großteil der durch die Wärmebehandlung erzielten Härtetiefe wieder abgearbeitet. Im Extremfall ist die Formänderung derart stark ausgeprägt, dass auch durch eine mechanische Nachbearbeitung das Zahnrad nicht mehr verwendbar gemacht werden kann. Das Zahnrad ist dann Ausschuss und muss verschrottet werden.The consequence of the differently pronounced growth between the upper and the lower flat surface during the heat treatment is a conical change in the shape of the toothing. Tapering of the teeth causes increased grinding effort in the finishing of the gears, which follows the heat treatment. In unfavorable cases, a large part of the hardness depth achieved by the heat treatment is processed again in the mechanical post-processing caused by the change in shape. In extreme cases, the change in shape is so pronounced that the gear can no longer be made usable even by mechanical post-processing. The gear is then scrap and must be scrapped.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die oben genannten Nachteile bei der Wärmebehandlung zu vermeiden, ohne den für die Behandlung notwendigen Aufwand nennenswert zu erhöhen.The invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above in the heat treatment, without significantly increasing the effort required for the treatment.

Die US 5,221,513 A , GB 303 196 A und US 2,425,751 A beschreiben die Verwendung von Kugelgelenkdornen in Vorrichtungen zur thermischen Behandlung von Werkstücken. DE202008008067U offenbart eine Vorrichtung zum Fixieren eines Bauteils während einer Wärmebehandlung.The US 5,221,513 A . GB 303 196 A and US 2,425,751 A describe the use of ball joint mandrels in devices for the thermal treatment of workpieces. DE202008008067U discloses a device for fixing a component during a heat treatment.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Chargiereinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art gelöst, bei dem auf den Chargiergestell wenigstens drei Schraubdorne oder Kugelgelenkdorne angeordnet sind, wobei die Kugelgelenkdorne eine Grundplatte mit einem Innengewinde, ein Schraubelement mit auf das Innengewinde abgestimmtem Außengewinde und einem als Kugelabschnittsfläche geformten Kopf sowie ein passgenau auf die Kugelabschnittsfläche des Kopfes abgestimmtes und darauf beweglich angeordnetes Druckstück aufweisen.This object is achieved with a charging device of the type mentioned, in which at least three screw mandrels or ball joint mandrels are arranged on the charging frame, the ball joint mandrels comprising a base plate with an internal thread, a screw element on the Internal thread matched external thread and a head shaped as a spherical section surface and a pressure piece matched precisely to the spherical segment surface of the head and movably arranged thereon.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken mit Hilfe einer derartigen Chargiereinrichtung sowie die Verwendung von derartigen Kugelgelenkdornen bei der Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken auf einem Chargiergestell.The invention further relates to a method for the heat treatment of workpieces with the aid of such a charging device and the use of such ball joint mandrels for the heat treatment of workpieces on a charging frame.

Die Chargiereinrichtung weist ein Chargiegestell auf, das vorzugsweise aus einem hitzebeständigem Stahl gefertigt ist. Für die Schraub- oder Kugelgelenkdorne kann insbesondere auch ein hitzebeständiger Stahl der Qualität 1.4849 verwandt werden.The charging device has a charge frame, which is preferably made of a heat-resistant steel. A heat-resistant steel of quality 1.4849 can be used for the screw or ball joint mandrels.

Das Chargiergestell der erfindungsgemäßen Chargiereinrichtung hat vorzugsweise die Form eines Sterns, insbesondere eines Speichenrades mit sechs bis neun Armen. Grundsätzlich ist aber auch jede andere Form des Gestells möglich, vorausgesetzt, dass das Gestell für Heißluft durchlässig ist. Dies gilt insbesondere für jegliche Form eines Gitterrostes.The charging frame of the charging device according to the invention preferably has the shape of a star, in particular a spoke wheel with six to nine arms. In principle, however, any other shape of the frame is also possible, provided that the frame is permeable to hot air. This applies in particular to any form of grating.

Das auf dem Chargiergestell gelagerte Werkstück hat insbesondere eine Scheiben- oder Ringform. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich um ein Zahnrad größerer Dimension, wobei Durchmesser von deutlich mehr als 1.000 mm ohne weiteres möglich sind.The workpiece stored on the charging frame has in particular a disk or ring shape. It is preferably a gear of larger dimensions, diameters of significantly more than 1,000 mm being readily possible.

Das Werkstück wird nicht unmittelbar auf dem Chargiergestell gelagert, sondern auf wenigstens drei Kugelgelenkdornen, die auf dem Chargiergestell angeordnet sind. Die Kugelgelenkdorne bestehen aus einer Grundplatte, die auf dem Chargiergestell ruht und bei einem in ein Innengewinde der Grundplatte eingeschraubtes Schraubelement. Über das Schraubgewinde ist das Schraubelement höhenverstellbar. Das Schraubelement selbst hat einen Kopf in Form einer Kugelabschnittsfläche, auf dem ein komplemenär geformtes Druckstück frei beweglich aufliegt. Das Druckstück kann sich auf der Kugelabschnittsfläche frei bewegen und dadurch auch an geneigte Flächen anpassen.The workpiece is not stored directly on the charging frame, but on at least three spherical joint mandrels, which are arranged on the charging frame. The ball joint mandrels consist of a base plate that rests on the charging frame and a screw element screwed into an internal thread of the base plate. The screw element is height-adjustable via the screw thread. The screw element itself has a head in the form of a spherical section surface on which a complementarily shaped pressure piece rests in a freely movable manner. The pressure piece can be on the Move the spherical section surface freely and thereby adapt it to inclined surfaces.

Die Kugelgelenkdorne erlauben damit die exakte horizontale Ausrichtung eines Werkstücks auf einem Chargiergestell, das beispielsweise durch vielfache Benutzung verzogen ist. Gleichzeitig erlauben die Kugelgelenkdorne auch das Behandeln von Werkstücken, die eine unregelmäßige Oberfläche haben, wobei höhenmäßig Differenzen, wie auch Neigungen ausgeglichen werden können.The ball joint mandrels thus allow the exact horizontal alignment of a workpiece on a charging frame that is distorted, for example, by multiple use. At the same time, the ball joint mandrels also allow the treatment of workpieces that have an irregular surface, whereby differences in height and inclinations can be compensated for.

Die Zahl der Dorne entspricht in der Regel wenigstens der Zahl der Arme des Chargiergestells oder einem Vielfachen davon.The number of mandrels usually corresponds to at least the number of arms of the charging frame or a multiple thereof.

Die Dorne weisen vorzugsweise ein Trapezgewinde auf, das für die erfindungsgemäßen Zwecke bestens geeignet ist. Trapezgewinde haben in der Regel eine große Steigung bei dicken Gewindegängen, was besonders vorteilhaft für die Übertragung axialer Kräfte ist.The mandrels preferably have a trapezoidal thread which is ideally suited for the purposes according to the invention. Trapezoidal threads generally have a large pitch with thick threads, which is particularly advantageous for the transmission of axial forces.

Die Dorne dienen dazu, die Dimensionsänderungen des Werkstücks bei der Wärmebehandlung, wie auch bei der Abkühlung aufzufangen. Dabei kommt es zu Relativbewegungen zwischen der Oberfläche des Schraubelements und der Unterseite des Druckstücks einerseits, wie auch zwischen der Oberseite des Druckstücks und dem Werkstück andererseits. Um die Reibung hier gering zu halten, ist es zweckmäßig, die Gleitflächen mit einem Hochtemperaturschmierstoff zu versehen, sei es im Bereich des Kugelgelenks oder im Bereich der Kontaktfläche zwischen Werkstück und dem Kopf der Schraube oder dem Druckstück. Ein solcher Schmierstoff ist beispielsweise eine an und für sich bekannte Kupferpaste. Andere Schmierstoffe, beispielsweise Graphit, können ebenfalls verwendet werden.The mandrels serve to absorb the dimensional changes of the workpiece during heat treatment as well as during cooling. This leads to relative movements between the surface of the screw element and the underside of the pressure piece on the one hand, as well as between the top of the pressure piece and the workpiece on the other hand. In order to keep the friction low here, it is expedient to provide the sliding surfaces with a high-temperature lubricant, be it in the region of the ball joint or in the region of the contact surface between the workpiece and the head of the screw or the pressure piece. Such a lubricant is, for example, a copper paste known per se. Other lubricants, such as graphite, can also be used.

Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren unter Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Chargiereinrichtung mit den Schritten

  • Bereitstellen eines Chargiergestells;
  • Anordnen von wenigstens drei Kugelgelenkdornen auf dem Chargiergestell, wobei die Kugelgelenkdorne eine Grundplatte mit einem Innengewinde, ein Schraubelement mit auf das Innengewinde abgestimmtem Außengewinde und einem als Kugelabschnittsfläche geformten Kopf sowie ein passgenau auf die Kugelabschnittsfläche des Kopfes abgestimmtes und darauf beweglich angeordnetes Druckstück aufweisen,
  • Aufbringen des Werkstücks auf die Dorne,
  • Ausrichten der Dorne (2),
  • Beaufschlagen des Werkstücks (1) mit Wärme und ggf. Schutz- und Prozessgas über eine gewünschte Zeitspanne,
  • Abkühlen des Werkstücks (1) in einem üblichen Kühlmedium und
  • gegebenenfalls Anlassen des Werkstücks (1).
The invention further relates to a method using the charging device according to the invention with the steps
  • Providing a charging rack;
  • Arranging at least three ball joint mandrels on the charging frame, the ball joint mandrels having a base plate with an internal thread, a screw element with an external thread matched to the internal thread and a head shaped as a spherical segment surface, and a pressure piece which is precisely matched to the spherical segment surface of the head and is movably arranged thereon.
  • Applying the workpiece to the mandrels,
  • Aligning the mandrels (2),
  • Applying heat to the workpiece (1) and, if appropriate, protective and process gas over a desired period of time,
  • Cooling the workpiece (1) in a conventional cooling medium and
  • if necessary, starting the workpiece (1).

Erfindungsgemäß handelt es sich um eine Chargiertechnik, die es ermöglicht, bei horizontal chargierten Zahnrädern (oder anderen ringförmigen Werkstücken) die gleichmäßige Wärmedehnung der unteren Planfläche zu ermöglichen. Hierzu werden die Zahnräder vorzugsweise auf sogenannte Kugelgelenkdorne gelegt. Die Kugelgelenkdorne bestehen aus drei Teilen: Eine Grundplatte mit Trapezinnengewinde wird auf dem Chargiergestell positioniert. Anschließend wird eine Schraube mit Trapezgewinde in die Grundplatte geschraubt. Der Schraubenkopf ist geformt wie ein oberer Kugelabschnitt. Auf dieser Kugelabschnittsfläche wird ein passgenaues Druckstück positioniert, welches auf der Kugelabschnittsfläche beweglich lagert. Abhängig von Geometrie, Gewicht und Umfang des Zahnrades werden nun mehrere Kugelgelenkdorne unter dem Zahnrad positioniert. Das Zahnrad wird nun auf den Druckstücken der Kugelgelenkdorne abgelegt. Eventuell vorhandene Höhenunterschiede, hervorgerufen durch häufig benutzte Chargiergestelle können durch Ein- oder Ausschrauben der Schraube überwunden werden, sodass nun alle Kugelgelenkdorne "handfest" unter dem Zahnrad lagern.According to the invention, it is a charging technology which makes it possible to allow the thermal expansion of the lower flat surface in the case of horizontally charged gearwheels (or other ring-shaped workpieces). For this purpose, the gears are preferably placed on so-called spherical joint mandrels. The ball joint mandrels consist of three parts: A base plate with a trapezoidal internal thread is positioned on the charging frame. Then a screw with a trapezoidal thread is screwed into the base plate. The screw head is shaped like an upper ball section. A precisely fitting pressure piece is positioned on this spherical segment surface, which is movably supported on the spherical segment surface. Depending on the geometry, weight and circumference of the gearwheel, several ball joint mandrels are now positioned under the gearwheel. The gear is now placed on the thrust pieces of the ball joint mandrels. Any differences in height, caused by frequently used charging racks can be overcome by screwing in or unscrewing the screw so that all ball joint mandrels are now "hand-tight" under the gear.

In dieser Position wird das Zahnrad nun der Ofenanlage zugeführt. Während der Erwärmung findet die beschriebene Wärmeausdehnung des Zahnrades statt. Die Ausdehnung der unteren Planfläche kann aufgrund der Lagerung des Zahnrades auf Kugelgelenken deutlich geringer gehemmt erfolgen. Aufgrund von Gefügeumwandlungen, hervorgerufen durch die Wärmebehandlung, findet eine Volumenzunahme des Werkstoffs statt, die sich in Form von Wachstum äußert. Dieses Wachstum muss ebenfalls ungehindert stattfinden können, damit eine unerwünschte Formänderung, wie beispielsweise Konizität der Verzahnung so gering wie möglich ausfällt. Auch dieses Wachstum kann, bei Lagerung des Zahnrades auf Kugelgelenkdornen, ungehindert stattfinden. Wachstum und Wärmeausdehnung eines horizontal chargierten Zahnrades (oder anderen ringförmigen Werkstücken) können durch Nutzung der Kugelgelenkdorne in großem Maße ungehindert stattfinden, sodass unerwünschte, ungleichmäßige Formänderungen wie z.B. Konizität deutlich reduziert werden können.In this position the gear is now fed to the furnace system. The described thermal expansion of the gear takes place during heating. The expansion of the lower plane surface can be significantly less inhibited due to the bearing of the gear on ball joints. Due to structural changes caused by the heat treatment, the volume of the material increases, which manifests itself in the form of growth. This growth must also be able to take place unhindered so that an undesirable change in shape, such as, for example, the taper of the toothing, is as small as possible. This growth can also take place without hindrance when the gearwheel is supported on ball joint mandrels. The growth and thermal expansion of a horizontally charged gear (or other ring-shaped workpieces) can take place to a large extent unhindered by using the ball joint mandrels, so that undesired, uneven shape changes such as e.g. Taper can be significantly reduced.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann sowohl zum Vergüten von Werkstücken, beispielsweise bei Temperaturen von 850° C, wie auch zum Einsatzhärten bei 930 bis 980° C, in der Regel unter Schutzgas und Prozessgas eingesetzt werden. Es ist besonders geeignet für scheiben- und ringförmige Werkstücke, wobei Zahnräder im Vordergrund stehen. Die Behandlungszeiten sind von der gewünschten Härtetiefe und von der Dicke des Materials abhängig.The method according to the invention can generally be used both for tempering workpieces, for example at temperatures of 850 ° C., and for case hardening at 930 to 980 ° C., under protective gas and process gas. It is particularly suitable for disc-shaped and ring-shaped workpieces, with gears in the foreground. Treatment times depend on the desired depth of hardness and the thickness of the material.

Die Erfindung betrifft schließlich auch die Verwendung von Kugelgelenkdornen, wie sie vorstehend beschrieben sind, bei der formstabilen Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken auf einem Chargiergestell in horizontaler Lagerung.Finally, the invention also relates to the use of ball-and-socket mandrels, as described above, in the dimensionally stable heat treatment of workpieces on a charging frame in horizontal storage.

Die Erfindung wird durch beigefügte Abbildungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein erfindungsgemäß auf Kugelgelenkdornen gelagertes Zahnrad in seitlicher Ansicht und in der Ansicht von unten;
Fig. 2
den Ausschnitt A aus Fig. 1 in vergrößerter Darstellung;
Fig. 3
eine Variante eines Kugelgelenkdorns in seitlicher Ansicht im Schnitt und
Fig. 4
einen Chargierstern, wie er erfindungsgemäß als Chargiergestell zum Einsatz kommen kann.
The invention is illustrated by the attached figures. Show it:
Fig. 1
a gear mounted according to the invention on ball joint mandrels in a side view and in a view from below;
Fig. 2
the section A from Fig. 1 in an enlarged view;
Fig. 3
a variant of a ball joint mandrel in side view in section and
Fig. 4
a charging star as it can be used according to the invention as a charging rack.

Fig. 1a zeigt ein auf 6 Kugelgelenkdornen 2 gelagertes Zahnrad 1, von dem außen die Zähnung dargestellt ist. Fig. 1b zeigt das gleiche Zahnrad von unten mit dem gleichmäßig über den Umfang verteilten Kugelgelenkdornen 2, mit denen das Zahnrad auf einem Chargiergestell (nicht dargestellt) abgestützt ist. Die Kugelgelenkdorne sind weder mit dem Zahnrad, noch mit dem Chargiergestell fest verbunden. Fig. 1a shows a 6 mounted on 6 ball joint mandrels 2, of which the teeth are shown outside. Fig. 1b shows the same gear from below with the evenly distributed over the circumference ball joint mandrels 2, with which the gear is supported on a charging frame (not shown). The ball joint mandrels are neither firmly connected to the gear nor to the charging frame.

Fig. 2 zeigt den Ausschnitt A aus Fig. 1a mit dem Zahnrad 1 und dem Kugelgelenkdorn 2. Der Kugelgelenkdorn besteht aus der Grundplatte 3, in den das Schraubelement 4 eingeschraubt ist. Auf dem Kopf des Schraubelements 4 stützt sich das Druckstück 5 ab, auf dem das Zahnrad 1 gelagert ist. Fig. 2 shows section A from Fig. 1a with the gear 1 and the ball joint mandrel 2. The ball joint mandrel consists of the base plate 3, into which the screw element 4 is screwed. The pressure piece 5, on which the toothed wheel 1 is mounted, is supported on the head of the screw element 4.

Fig. 3(a) zeigt einen Kugelgelenkdorn 2 in seitlicher Ansicht mit der Grundplatte 3, dem Schraubelement 4 und dem Druckstück 5. Fig. 3(b) zeigt des Kugelgelenkdorn entlang der Schnittlinie C-C mit dem die Grundplatte 3 eingeschraubten Schraubelement 4. Das Schraubelement 4 hat ein Außengewinde, das in ein Innengewinde 7 der Grundplatte 3 eingreift. Das Innengewinde ist vorzugsweise ein Trapezgewinde. Fig. 3 (a) shows a ball joint mandrel 2 in a side view with the base plate 3, the screw element 4 and the pressure piece 5th Fig. 3 (b) shows the ball joint mandrel along the section line CC with the screw element 4 screwed in the base plate 3. The screw element 4 has an external thread which engages in an internal thread 7 of the base plate 3. The internal thread is preferably a trapezoidal thread.

Das Schraubelement 4 hat ferner einen als Sechseck gestalteten Kopf, der das Ansetzen eines Schraubschlüssels erlaubt. Die obere Kopffläche 6 ist kugelabschnittförmig gestaltet, ebenso komplementär dazu die untere Fläche des Druckstücks 5. Das Druckstück 5 kann sich damit auf dem Kopf des Schraubelements 4 in alle Richtungen frei bewegen. Insbesondere ist das Druckstück damit in der Lage, Schiefstellungen des Chargiergestells und/oder von der Waagerechten abweichende Flächen des Werkstücks auszugleichen.The screw element 4 also has a hexagon-shaped head that allows the attachment of a wrench. The upper head surface 6 is designed in the form of a spherical segment, and the lower surface of the pressure piece 5 is also complementary thereto. The pressure piece 5 can thus move freely on the head of the screw element 4 in all directions. In particular that is Pressure piece is thus able to compensate for misalignments of the charging frame and / or surfaces of the workpiece that deviate from the horizontal.

Wie schon erwähnt, kann so die Kugelabschnittfläche 6, wie auch die Oberfläche des Druckstücks 5 mit einem Schmiermittel beaufschlagt werden, um die Reibung zwischen Schraubelement 4 und dem Druckstück 5 bzw. dem Druckstück 5 und dem Werkstück 1 zu minimieren.As already mentioned, a lubricant can be applied to the spherical section surface 6 as well as the surface of the pressure piece 5 in order to minimize the friction between the screw element 4 and the pressure piece 5 or the pressure piece 5 and the workpiece 1.

Fig. 4 zeigt schließlich ein Chargiergestell 10 in Form eines Sterns, das zur horizontalen Aufnahme eines scheiben- oder ringförmigen Werkstücks geeignet ist. Auf das Chargiergestell werden die Schraub- bzw. Kugelgelenkdorne 2 in regelmäßigem Abstand platziert, vorzugsweise im Bereich jedes Arms 11 ein Dorn, worauf das Werkstück dann abgelegt wird. Fig. 4 finally shows a charging frame 10 in the form of a star, which is suitable for the horizontal reception of a disk-shaped or ring-shaped workpiece. The screw or ball joint mandrels 2 are placed on the charging frame at regular intervals, preferably a mandrel in the region of each arm 11, on which the workpiece is then placed.

Claims (14)

  1. Loading device for the net-shape heat-treatment of disc- or ring-shaped workpieces, with a loading rack (10) for the horizontal storage of the workpiece (1), characterized in that at least three ball joint supports (2) are arranged on the loading rack (10), wherein the ball joint supports have a base plate (3) with an internal thread (7), a screw element (4) with an external thread (7) matching the internal thread (7) and a head in the shape of the surface of a portion of a sphere, and a pressure piece (5) which matches the sphere portion surface of the head with an exact fit and is arranged thereon so as to be able to move.
  2. Loading device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ball joint supports are screwed into the loading rack so as to be height-adjustable.
  3. Loading device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the loading rack (10) and the ball joint supports (2) are made of a heat resistant steel.
  4. Loading device according to one of the preceding claims, with a loading rack (10) in the form of a grid or a star having multiple arms (11).
  5. Loading device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the loading rack (10) has six to nine arms (11).
  6. Loading rack according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the number of supports (2) at least corresponds to the number of arms (11).
  7. Loading rack according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supports (2) have a trapezoidal thread (7).
  8. Loading device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ball joint supports (2) have a lubricant between the head and the pressure piece (5) and/or on the pressure piece (5).
  9. Loading device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the lubricant is a copper paste.
  10. Method for the net-shape heat-treatment of disc- or ring-shaped workpieces, having the steps of:
    - providing a loading rack (10) in the form of a spoked wheel;
    - arranging at least three ball joint supports (2) on the loading rack, wherein the ball joint supports (2) have a base plate (3) with an internal thread (7), a screw element (4) with an external thread (7) matching the internal thread (7) and a head in the shape of the surface of a portion of a sphere, and a pressure piece (5) which matches the sphere portion surface of the head with an exact fit and is arranged thereon so as to be able to move,
    - depositing the workpiece (1) onto the supports (2),
    - orienting the supports (2),
    - applying heat to the workpiece (1) over a desired time period,
    - cooling the workpiece (1) in a common coolant and
    - possibly tempering the workpiece (1).
  11. Method according to Claim 10, characterized in that a loading rack (10) having six to nine arms is used.
  12. Method according to Claim 11, characterized in that the number of supports (2) at least corresponds to the number of arms (11) of the loading rack (10).
  13. Method according to Claim 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that the contact faces (6) of the pressure pieces (5) of the ball joint supports (2) with the screw element (4) and/or with the workpiece (1) are lubricated.
  14. Use of ball joint supports for the horizontal storage of disc- or ring-shaped workpieces in a loading device for net-shape heat-treatment, wherein the ball joint supports (2) have a base plate (3) with an internal thread (7), a screw element (4) with an external thread (7) matching the internal thread (7) and a head in the shape of the surface of a portion of a sphere, and a pressure piece (5) which matches the sphere portion surface of the head with an exact fit and is arranged thereon so as to be able to move.
EP16154103.2A 2015-02-05 2016-02-03 Batching device for the stable heat treatment of workpieces Active EP3054018B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015101653.2A DE102015101653B4 (en) 2015-02-05 2015-02-05 Charging device for dimensionally stable heat treatment of workpieces

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EP3054018B1 true EP3054018B1 (en) 2020-01-01

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DE (1) DE102015101653B4 (en)
DK (1) DK3054018T3 (en)
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PL (1) PL3054018T3 (en)

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CN111424141B (en) * 2020-05-14 2022-04-19 广西先进铝加工创新中心有限责任公司 Charging basket for heat treatment of aluminum alloy profile roller hearth furnace
CN113699330B (en) * 2021-08-06 2023-04-28 湖北三江航天险峰电子信息有限公司 Heat treatment tool and heat treatment method for thin-wall cylinder parts

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202008008067U1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2009-10-29 Edag Gmbh & Co. Kgaa Device for fixing a component during a heat treatment

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1768159A (en) * 1927-09-29 1930-06-24 Patent Gear Hardening Company Apparatus for hardening metal surfaces
GB303196A (en) * 1927-09-29 1928-12-31 Albert Edward Shorter Improvements in or relating to the method of hardening metal surfaces
US2425751A (en) * 1940-06-29 1947-08-19 Linde Air Prod Co Method of and apparatus for flame hardening gear teeth
DE1171942B (en) * 1955-12-22 1964-06-11 Gleason Works Process for the quenching treatment of an essentially ring-shaped workpiece which can be hardened by quenching and an apparatus for carrying out this process
US5221513A (en) * 1992-01-31 1993-06-22 The Penn State Research Foundation Apparatus and method for net shape finishing of gears

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202008008067U1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2009-10-29 Edag Gmbh & Co. Kgaa Device for fixing a component during a heat treatment

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DK3054018T3 (en) 2020-04-06
DE102015101653B4 (en) 2017-01-26
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PL3054018T3 (en) 2020-06-29
ES2782366T3 (en) 2020-09-14

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