EP3054018A1 - Batching device for the stable heat treatment of workpieces - Google Patents

Batching device for the stable heat treatment of workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3054018A1
EP3054018A1 EP16154103.2A EP16154103A EP3054018A1 EP 3054018 A1 EP3054018 A1 EP 3054018A1 EP 16154103 A EP16154103 A EP 16154103A EP 3054018 A1 EP3054018 A1 EP 3054018A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mandrels
ball joint
workpiece
charging
charging frame
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Granted
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EP16154103.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3054018B1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Reese
Thorsten Stadtler
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Harterei Reese Bochum GmbH
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Harterei Reese Bochum GmbH
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Priority to PL16154103T priority Critical patent/PL3054018T3/en
Publication of EP3054018A1 publication Critical patent/EP3054018A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F27D5/0006—Composite supporting structures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0001—Positioning the charge
    • F27D2003/0012—Working with piles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a charging device for the dimensionally stable heat treatment of workpieces, in particular with disc or ring mold, with a charging frame for horizontal storage of the workpiece and a method for dimensionally stable hardening of workpieces and the use of ball joint mandrels in the heat treatment of workpieces.
  • the heat treatment of workpieces made of steel serves the purpose of improving the wear and strength properties of the treated workpieces.
  • the workpieces are heated in furnaces to temperatures between 700 ° C and 1000 ° C and rapidly cooled in the so-called austenitized state.
  • the cooling is usually carried out in liquid quenching media such as oil or polymer solutions.
  • Gears with hub diameters greater than about 25% of the outer diameter are usually positioned horizontally on charging racks and thus fed to the above-described heat treatment process.
  • the horizontal charging leads to run-flat errors (flat lay) and a conically changed gearing.
  • This deformation behavior is attributable, on the one hand, to the different cooling rates between the upper and lower face surfaces of the gear during the quenching and, on the other hand, to the punctual support of the gear wheel on the charging frame. While the upper face of the gear can expand unhindered under the influence of heat, the lower face of the gear is prevented due to the selective support on the charging frame at an expansion.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the above-mentioned disadvantages in the heat treatment, without the necessary effort for the treatment to increase appreciably.
  • a charging device of the type mentioned in which at least three screw mandrels or ball joint mandrels are arranged on the charging frame, wherein the ball joint mandrels with a base plate with an internal thread, a screw on the Internal thread matched external thread and a shaped as a ball portion surface head and a precisely matched to the ball portion surface of the head and arranged movably arranged pressure piece.
  • the invention further relates to a method for the heat treatment of workpieces by means of such a charging device and the use of such ball joint mandrels in the heat treatment of workpieces on a charging frame.
  • the charging device has a Chargiegestell, which is preferably made of a heat-resistant steel.
  • a heat-resistant steel of quality 1.4849 can be used for the screw or ball joint mandrels.
  • the charging frame of the charging device according to the invention preferably has the shape of a star, in particular a spoked wheel with six to nine arms.
  • any other shape of the frame is possible, provided that the frame is permeable to hot air. This applies in particular to any form of grid.
  • the mounted on the charging frame workpiece has in particular a disc or ring shape.
  • it is a gear larger dimension, with diameters of significantly more than 1,000 mm are readily possible.
  • the workpiece is not stored directly on the charging frame, but on at least three screw, in particular ball joint mandrels, which are arranged on the charging frame.
  • the ball joint mandrels consist of a base plate which rests on the charging frame and a screwed into an internal thread of the base plate screw. About the screw thread, the screw is adjustable in height.
  • the screw itself has a head in the form of a spherical section surface on which a complementarily shaped pressure piece rests freely movable. The Pressure piece can move freely on the spherical section surface and thereby adapt to inclined surfaces.
  • Screw mandrels are used, these are screwed into the charging frame in a height-adjustable manner. Screw mandrels can also be screwed into base plates that are placed on the charging frame.
  • the ball joint mandrels thus allow the exact horizontal alignment of a workpiece on a charging frame, which is warped for example by multiple use.
  • the ball joint mandrels also allow the treatment of workpieces that have an irregular surface, in height differences as well as inclinations can be compensated.
  • the number of mandrels usually corresponds to at least the number of arms of the charging frame or a multiple thereof.
  • the mandrels preferably have a trapezoidal thread, which is best suited for the purposes of the invention.
  • Trapezoidal threads usually have a large pitch with thick threads, which is particularly advantageous for the transmission of axial forces.
  • the mandrels serve to absorb the dimensional changes of the workpiece during the heat treatment, as well as during the cooling. This results in relative movements between the surface of the screw and the underside of the pressure piece on the one hand, as well as between the top of the pressure piece and the workpiece on the other.
  • a high-temperature lubricant be it in the region of the ball joint or in the region of the contact surface between the workpiece and the head of the screw or the pressure piece.
  • a lubricant is, for example, a copper paste known per se.
  • Other lubricants, such as graphite may also be used.
  • the gears are preferably placed on so-called ball joint mandrels.
  • the ball joint mandrels consist of three parts: A base plate with trapezoidal thread is positioned on the charging frame. Then a screw with trapezoidal thread is screwed into the base plate. The screw head is shaped like an upper ball section. On this Ball section surface is positioned a tailor-made pressure piece, which supports movable on the spherical segment surface. Depending on the geometry, weight and circumference of the gear, several ball joint pins are now positioned under the gear.
  • the inventive method can be used both for annealing of workpieces, for example at temperatures of 850 ° C, as well as for case hardening at 930 to 980 ° C, usually under inert gas and process gas. It is particularly suitable for disc and ring workpieces, with gears in the foreground. Treatment times depend on the desired depth of cure and on the thickness of the material.
  • the invention also relates to the use of ball joint mandrels, as described above, in the dimensionally stable heat treatment of workpieces on a charging rack in horizontal storage.
  • Fig. 1 a shows a mounted on 6 ball joint spikes 2 gear 1, from the outside of the perforation is shown.
  • Fig. 1b shows the same gear from below with the evenly distributed over the circumference ball joint mandrels 2, with which the gear on a charging frame (not shown) is supported. The ball joint mandrels are not firmly connected to the gear or to the charging frame.
  • Fig. 2 shows the section A from Fig. 1
  • the ball joint mandrel consists of the base plate 3, in which the screw 4 is screwed. On the head of the screw 4, the pressure pad 5 is supported, on which the gear 1 is mounted.
  • Fig. 3 (a) shows a ball joint mandrel 2 in a side view with the base plate 3, the screw 4 and the pressure piece.
  • Fig. 3 (b) shows the ball joint mandrel along the section line CC with the base plate 3 screwed screw 4.
  • the screw 4 has an external thread which engages in an internal thread 7 of the base plate 3.
  • the internal thread is preferably a trapezoidal thread.
  • the screw 4 further has a designed as a hexagon head, which allows the attachment of a wrench.
  • the upper head surface 6 is designed spherical segment, just as complementary to the lower surface of the pressure piece 5.
  • the pressure piece 5 can thus move freely on the head of the screw 4 in all directions. In particular, the pressure piece is thus able to compensate misalignments of the charging frame and / or deviating from the horizontal surfaces of the workpiece.
  • the ball section surface 6, as well as the surface of the pressure element 5, can be acted upon by a lubricant in order to minimize the friction between the screw element 4 and the pressure element 5 or the pressure element 5 and the workpiece 1.
  • Fig. 4 shows a Chargiergestell 10 in the form of a star, which is suitable for horizontal recording of a disc or annular workpiece.
  • the screw or ball joint pins 2 are placed at regular intervals on the charging frame, preferably in the region of each arm 11 a mandrel, whereupon the workpiece is then deposited.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Chargiereinrichtung für die formstabile Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken (1), insbesondere solchen mit einer Scheiben- oder Ringform, mit einem Chargiergestell (10) zur horizontalen Lagerung des Werkstücks (1), bei der auf dem Chargiergestell (10) wenigstens drei Schraub- oder Kugelgelenkdorne (2) angeordnet sind, wobei die Kugelgelenkdorne (2) eine Grundplatte (3) mit einem Innengewinde (7), ein Schraubelement (4) mit auf das Innengewinde (7) abgestimmtem Außengewinde (7) und einem als Kugelabschnittsfläche geformten Kopf sowie ein passgenau auf die Kugelabschnittsfläche des Kopfes abgestimmtes und darauf beweglich angeordnetes Druckstück (5) aufweisen.The invention relates to a charging device for the dimensionally stable heat treatment of workpieces (1), in particular those with a disc or ring shape, with a charging frame (10) for horizontal storage of the workpiece (1), wherein at least three screws on the charging frame (10) - or ball joint mandrels (2) are arranged, wherein the ball joint mandrels (2) has a base plate (3) with an internal thread (7), a screw member (4) on the internal thread (7) matched external thread (7) and a spherical section surface shaped head and have a precisely matched to the ball portion surface of the head and arranged movably arranged pressure piece (5).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Chargiereinrichtung für die formstabile Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken, insbesondere mit Scheiben- oder Ringform, mit einem Chargiergestell zur horizontalen Lagerung des Werkstücks sowie ein Verfahren zum formstabilen Härten von Werkstücken und die Verwendung von Kugelgelenkdornen bei der Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken.The invention relates to a charging device for the dimensionally stable heat treatment of workpieces, in particular with disc or ring mold, with a charging frame for horizontal storage of the workpiece and a method for dimensionally stable hardening of workpieces and the use of ball joint mandrels in the heat treatment of workpieces.

Die Wärmebehandlung von aus Stahl gefertigten Werkstücken (u. a. auch Zahnrädern) dient dem Zweck, die Verschleiß- und Festigkeitseigenschaften der behandelten Werkstücke zu verbessern. Dazu werden die Werkstücke in Ofenanlagen auf Temperaturen zwischen 700° C und 1000° C erwärmt und im sogenannten austenitisierten Zustand rasch abgekühlt. Die Abkühlung erfolgt üblicherweise in flüssigen Abschreckmedien wie beispielsweise Öl oder Polymerlösungen.The heat treatment of workpieces made of steel (including gears) serves the purpose of improving the wear and strength properties of the treated workpieces. For this purpose, the workpieces are heated in furnaces to temperatures between 700 ° C and 1000 ° C and rapidly cooled in the so-called austenitized state. The cooling is usually carried out in liquid quenching media such as oil or polymer solutions.

Während der Abkühlung der austenitisierten Zahnräder im flüssigen Abschreckmedium beginnt dieses an den heißen Werkstückoberflächen zu sieden und eine Dampfschicht aufzubauen. Diese Dampfschicht, auch Dampfhaut genannt, beeinflusst die Abkühlgeschwindigkeit des Werkstücks stark. Daher wird versucht, die Dampfhautbildung so gering wie möglich zu halten, um eine gleichmäßigere Abkühlung der Werkstücke zu erzielen. Dies wird teilweise erreicht durch gleichmäßige Umwälzung des Abschreckmediums oder/und Bewegung der Werkstücke im Abschreckmedium. Nach dem Abschrecken werden die Werkstücke auf Temperaturen innerhalb der sogenannten Anlassstufen erwärmt und erhalten so die geforderte Festigkeit bzw. Härte.During the cooling of the austenitic gears in the liquid quenching medium, this begins to boil on the hot workpiece surfaces and build up a vapor layer. This steam layer, also called steam skin, strongly influences the cooling rate of the workpiece. Therefore, an attempt is made to minimize the steam skin formation to achieve a more uniform cooling of the workpieces. This is achieved in part by uniform circulation of the quenching medium and / or movement of the workpieces in the quenching medium. After quenching, the workpieces are heated to temperatures within the heated so-called tempering stages and thus obtain the required strength or hardness.

Zahnräder mit Nabendurchmessern größer etwa 25 % des Außendurchmessers werden üblicherweise horizontal auf Chargiergestellen positioniert und so dem oben beschriebenen Wärmebehandlungsprozess zugeführt. Allerdings führt die horizontale Chargierung zu Planlauffehlern (Planschlag) und einer konisch veränderten Verzahnung. Dieses Formänderungsverhalten ist zum einen auf die unterschiedlichen Abkühlgeschwindigkeiten zwischen der oberen und der unteren Planfläche des Zahnrades bei der Abschreckung zurückzuführen und zum anderen auf die punktuelle Auflage des Zahnrades auf dem Chargiergestell. Während sich die obere Planfläche des Zahnrades ungehindert unter Wärmeeinfluss ausdehnen kann, wird die untere Planfläche des Zahnrades aufgrund der punktuellen Auflage auf dem Chargiergestell an einer Ausdehnung gehindert.Gears with hub diameters greater than about 25% of the outer diameter are usually positioned horizontally on charging racks and thus fed to the above-described heat treatment process. However, the horizontal charging leads to run-flat errors (flat lay) and a conically changed gearing. This deformation behavior is attributable, on the one hand, to the different cooling rates between the upper and lower face surfaces of the gear during the quenching and, on the other hand, to the punctual support of the gear wheel on the charging frame. While the upper face of the gear can expand unhindered under the influence of heat, the lower face of the gear is prevented due to the selective support on the charging frame at an expansion.

Die Folge aus dem unterschiedlich ausgeprägten Wachstum zwischen der oberen und der unteren Planfläche während der Wärmebehandlung ist eine konische Formänderung der Verzahnung. Konizität der Verzahnung verursacht erhöhten Schleifaufwand bei der Endbearbeitung der Zahnräder, die sich an die Wärmebehandlung anschließt. In ungünstigen Fällen wird bei der, durch die Formänderung hervorgerufenen, mechanischen Nachbearbeitung ein Großteil der durch die Wärmebehandlung erzielten Härtetiefe wieder abgearbeitet. Im Extremfall ist die Formänderung derart stark ausgeprägt, dass auch durch eine mechanische Nachbearbeitung das Zahnrad nicht mehr verwendbar gemacht werden kann. Das Zahnrad ist dann Ausschuss und muss verschrottet werden.The consequence of the different growth between the upper and the lower plane surface during the heat treatment is a conical shape change of the toothing. Conicity of the teeth causes increased grinding effort in the finishing of the gears, which follows the heat treatment. In unfavorable cases, a large part of the hardening depth achieved by the heat treatment is worked off again during the mechanical post-processing caused by the change in shape. In extreme cases, the change in shape is so pronounced that even by a mechanical reworking the gear can not be made usable. The gear is then broke and must be scrapped.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die oben genannten Nachteile bei der Wärmebehandlung zu vermeiden, ohne den für die Behandlung notwendigen Aufwand nennenswert zu erhöhen.The invention has for its object to avoid the above-mentioned disadvantages in the heat treatment, without the necessary effort for the treatment to increase appreciably.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Chargiereinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art gelöst, bei dem auf den Chargiergestell wenigstens drei Schraubdorne oder Kugelgelenkdorne angeordnet sind, wobei die Kugelgelenkdorne eine Grundplatte mit einem Innengewinde, ein Schraubelement mit auf das Innengewinde abgestimmtem Außengewinde und einem als Kugelabschnittsfläche geformten Kopf sowie ein passgenau auf die Kugelabschnittsfläche des Kopfes abgestimmtes und darauf beweglich angeordnetes Druckstück aufweisen.This object is achieved with a charging device of the type mentioned, in which at least three screw mandrels or ball joint mandrels are arranged on the charging frame, wherein the ball joint mandrels with a base plate with an internal thread, a screw on the Internal thread matched external thread and a shaped as a ball portion surface head and a precisely matched to the ball portion surface of the head and arranged movably arranged pressure piece.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken mit Hilfe einer derartigen Chargiereinrichtung sowie die Verwendung von derartigen Kugelgelenkdornen bei der Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken auf einem Chargiergestell.The invention further relates to a method for the heat treatment of workpieces by means of such a charging device and the use of such ball joint mandrels in the heat treatment of workpieces on a charging frame.

Die Chargiereinrichtung weist ein Chargiegestell auf, das vorzugsweise aus einem hitzebeständigem Stahl gefertigt ist. Für die Schraub- oder Kugelgelenkdorne kann insbesondere auch ein hitzebeständiger Stahl der Qualität 1.4849 verwandt werden.The charging device has a Chargiegestell, which is preferably made of a heat-resistant steel. In particular, a heat-resistant steel of quality 1.4849 can be used for the screw or ball joint mandrels.

Das Chargiergestell der erfindungsgemäßen Chargiereinrichtung hat vorzugsweise die Form eines Sterns, insbesondere eines Speichenrades mit sechs bis neun Armen. Grundsätzlich ist aber auch jede andere Form des Gestells möglich, vorausgesetzt, dass das Gestell für Heißluft durchlässig ist. Dies gilt insbesondere für jegliche Form eines Gitterrostes.The charging frame of the charging device according to the invention preferably has the shape of a star, in particular a spoked wheel with six to nine arms. In principle, however, any other shape of the frame is possible, provided that the frame is permeable to hot air. This applies in particular to any form of grid.

Das auf dem Chargiergestell gelagerte Werkstück hat insbesondere eine Scheiben- oder Ringform. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich um ein Zahnrad größerer Dimension, wobei Durchmesser von deutlich mehr als 1.000 mm ohne weiteres möglich sind.The mounted on the charging frame workpiece has in particular a disc or ring shape. Preferably, it is a gear larger dimension, with diameters of significantly more than 1,000 mm are readily possible.

Das Werkstück wird nicht unmittelbar auf dem Chargiergestell gelagert, sondern auf wenigstens drei Schraub-, insbesondere Kugelgelenkdornen, die auf dem Chargiergestell angeordnet sind. Die Kugelgelenkdorne bestehen aus einer Grundplatte, die auf dem Chargiergestell ruht und bei einem in ein Innengewinde der Grundplatte eingeschraubtes Schraubelement. Über das Schraubgewinde ist das Schraubelement höhenverstellbar. Das Schraubelement selbst hat einen Kopf in Form einer Kugelabschnittsfläche, auf dem ein komplemenär geformtes Druckstück frei beweglich aufliegt. Das Druckstück kann sich auf der Kugelabschnittsfläche frei bewegen und dadurch auch an geneigte Flächen anpassen.The workpiece is not stored directly on the charging frame, but on at least three screw, in particular ball joint mandrels, which are arranged on the charging frame. The ball joint mandrels consist of a base plate which rests on the charging frame and a screwed into an internal thread of the base plate screw. About the screw thread, the screw is adjustable in height. The screw itself has a head in the form of a spherical section surface on which a complementarily shaped pressure piece rests freely movable. The Pressure piece can move freely on the spherical section surface and thereby adapt to inclined surfaces.

Werden Schraubdorne verwandt, sind diese in das Chargiergestell höhenverstellbar eingeschraubt. Auch Schraubdorne können in Grundplatten, die auf das Chargiergestell platziert werden, eingeschraubt werden.If screw mandrels are used, these are screwed into the charging frame in a height-adjustable manner. Screw mandrels can also be screwed into base plates that are placed on the charging frame.

Insbesondere die Kugelgelenkdorne erlauben damit die exakte horizontale Ausrichtung eines Werkstücks auf einem Chargiergestell, das beispielsweise durch vielfache Benutzung verzogen ist. Gleichzeitig erlauben die Kugelgelenkdorne auch das Behandeln von Werkstücken, die eine unregelmäßige Oberfläche haben, wobei höhenmäßig Differenzen, wie auch Neigungen ausgeglichen werden können.In particular, the ball joint mandrels thus allow the exact horizontal alignment of a workpiece on a charging frame, which is warped for example by multiple use. At the same time, the ball joint mandrels also allow the treatment of workpieces that have an irregular surface, in height differences as well as inclinations can be compensated.

Die Zahl der Dorne entspricht in der Regel wenigstens der Zahl der Arme des Chargiergestells oder einem Vielfachen davon.The number of mandrels usually corresponds to at least the number of arms of the charging frame or a multiple thereof.

Die Dorne weisen vorzugsweise ein Trapezgewinde auf, das für die erfindungsgemäßen Zwecke bestens geeignet ist. Trapezgewinde haben in der Regel eine große Steigung bei dicken Gewindegängen, was besonders vorteilhaft für die Übertragung axialer Kräfte ist.The mandrels preferably have a trapezoidal thread, which is best suited for the purposes of the invention. Trapezoidal threads usually have a large pitch with thick threads, which is particularly advantageous for the transmission of axial forces.

Die Dorne dienen dazu, die Dimensionsänderungen des Werkstücks bei der Wärmebehandlung, wie auch bei der Abkühlung aufzufangen. Dabei kommt es zu Relativbewegungen zwischen der Oberfläche des Schraubelements und der Unterseite des Druckstücks einerseits, wie auch zwischen der Oberseite des Druckstücks und dem Werkstück andererseits. Um die Reibung hier gering zu halten, ist es zweckmäßig, die Gleitflächen mit einem Hochtemperaturschmierstoff zu versehen, sei es im Bereich des Kugelgelenks oder im Bereich der Kontaktfläche zwischen Werkstück und dem Kopf der Schraube oder dem Druckstück. Ein solcher Schmierstoff ist beispielsweise eine an und für sich bekannte Kupferpaste. Andere Schmierstoffe, beispielsweise Graphit, können ebenfalls verwendet werden.The mandrels serve to absorb the dimensional changes of the workpiece during the heat treatment, as well as during the cooling. This results in relative movements between the surface of the screw and the underside of the pressure piece on the one hand, as well as between the top of the pressure piece and the workpiece on the other. In order to keep the friction low here, it is expedient to provide the sliding surfaces with a high-temperature lubricant, be it in the region of the ball joint or in the region of the contact surface between the workpiece and the head of the screw or the pressure piece. Such a lubricant is, for example, a copper paste known per se. Other lubricants, such as graphite, may also be used.

Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren unter Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Chargiereinrichtung mit den Schritten

  • Bereitstellen eines Chargiergestells;
  • Anordnen von wenigstens drei Schraubdornen, insbesondere Kugelgelenkdornen auf dem Chargiergestell, wobei die Kugelgelenkdorne eine Grundplatte mit einem Innengewinde, ein Schraubelement mit auf das Innengewinde abgestimmtem Außengewinde und einem als Kugelabschnittsfläche geformten Kopf sowie ein passgenau auf die Kugelabschnittsfläche des Kopfes abgestimmtes und darauf beweglich angeordnetes Druckstück aufweisen,
  • Aufbringen des Werkstücks auf die Dorne,
  • Ausrichten der Dorne (2),
  • Beaufschlagen des Werkstücks (1) mit Wärme und ggf. Schutz- und Prozessgas über eine gewünschte Zeitspanne,
  • Abkühlen des Werkstücks (1) in einem üblichen Kühlmedium und
  • gegebenenfalls Anlassen des Werkstücks (1).
The invention further relates to a method using the charging device according to the invention with the steps
  • Providing a charging rack;
  • Arranging at least three screw mandrels, in particular ball joint mandrels on the charging frame, wherein the ball joint mandrels have a base plate with an internal thread, a screw with matched to the internal thread external thread and a shaped as a spherical section surface head and a precisely matched to the ball portion surface of the head and arranged movably arranged pressure piece .
  • Applying the workpiece to the mandrels,
  • Aligning the spines (2),
  • Applying heat to the workpiece (1) and optionally protective and process gas over a desired period of time,
  • Cooling of the workpiece (1) in a conventional cooling medium and
  • if necessary, tempering the workpiece (1).

Erfindungsgemäß handelt es sich um eine Chargiertechnik, die es ermöglicht, bei horizontal chargierten Zahnrädern (oder anderen ringförmigen Werkstücken) die gleichmäßige Wärmedehnung der unteren Planfläche zu ermöglichen. Hierzu werden die Zahnräder vorzugsweise auf sogenannte Kugelgelenkdorne gelegt. Die Kugelgelenkdorne bestehen aus drei Teilen: Eine Grundplatte mit Trapezinnengewinde wird auf dem Chargiergestell positioniert. Anschließend wird eine Schraube mit Trapezgewinde in die Grundplatte geschraubt. Der Schraubenkopf ist geformt wie ein oberer Kugelabschnitt. Auf dieser Kugelabschnittsfläche wird ein passgenaues Druckstück positioniert, welches auf der Kugelabschnittsfläche beweglich lagert. Abhängig von Geometrie, Gewicht und Umfang des Zahnrades werden nun mehrere Kugelgelenkdorne unter dem Zahnrad positioniert. Das Zahnrad wird nun auf den Druckstücken der Kugelgelenkdorne abgelegt. Eventuell vorhandene Höhenunterschiede, hervorgerufen durch häufig benutzte Chargiergestelle können durch Ein- oder Ausschrauben der Schraube überwunden werden, sodass nun alle Kugelgelenkdorne "handfest" unter dem Zahnrad lagern.According to the invention is a charging technique, which makes it possible to allow for horizontally charged gears (or other annular workpieces), the uniform thermal expansion of the lower planar surface. For this purpose, the gears are preferably placed on so-called ball joint mandrels. The ball joint mandrels consist of three parts: A base plate with trapezoidal thread is positioned on the charging frame. Then a screw with trapezoidal thread is screwed into the base plate. The screw head is shaped like an upper ball section. On this Ball section surface is positioned a tailor-made pressure piece, which supports movable on the spherical segment surface. Depending on the geometry, weight and circumference of the gear, several ball joint pins are now positioned under the gear. The gear is now stored on the thrust pieces of the ball joint mandrels. Any existing height differences, caused by frequently used charging racks can be overcome by screwing in or unscrewing the screw, so now all ball joint mandrels "hand-tight" store under the gear.

In dieser Position wird das Zahnrad nun der Ofenanlage zugeführt. Während der Erwärmung findet die beschriebene Wärmeausdehnung des Zahnrades statt. Die Ausdehnung der unteren Planfläche kann aufgrund der Lagerung des Zahnrades auf Kugelgelenken deutlich geringer gehemmt erfolgen. Aufgrund von Gefügeumwandlungen, hervorgerufen durch die Wärmebehandlung, findet eine Volumenzunahme des Werkstoffs statt, die sich in Form von Wachstum äußert. Dieses Wachstum muss ebenfalls ungehindert stattfinden können, damit eine unerwünschte Formänderung, wie beispielsweise Konizität der Verzahnung so gering wie möglich ausfällt. Auch dieses Wachstum kann, bei Lagerung des Zahnrades auf Kugelgelenkdornen, ungehindert stattfinden. Wachstum und Wärmeausdehnung eines horizontal chargierten Zahnrades (oder anderen ringförmigen Werkstücken) können durch Nutzung der Kugelgelenkdorne in großem Maße ungehindert stattfinden, sodass unerwünschte, ungleichmäßige Formänderungen wie z.B. Konizität deutlich reduziert werden können.In this position, the gear is now fed to the furnace. During heating, the described thermal expansion of the gear takes place. The expansion of the lower face can be made much less inhibited due to the bearing of the gear on ball joints. Due to structural changes, caused by the heat treatment, an increase in volume of the material takes place, which manifests itself in the form of growth. This growth must also be able to take place unhindered, so that an undesirable change in shape, such as conicity of the teeth is as small as possible. Also, this growth can take place unhindered when the gear is mounted on ball joint thorns. Growth and thermal expansion of a horizontally charged gear (or other annular workpieces) can take place largely unhindered by use of the ball joint mandrels, so that undesirable, non-uniform shape changes such as e.g. Conicity can be significantly reduced.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann sowohl zum Vergüten von Werkstücken, beispielsweise bei Temperaturen von 850° C, wie auch zum Einsatzhärten bei 930 bis 980° C, in der Regel unter Schutzgas und Prozessgas eingesetzt werden. Es ist besonders geeignet für scheiben- und ringförmige Werkstücke, wobei Zahnräder im Vordergrund stehen. Die Behandlungszeiten sind von der gewünschten Härtetiefe und von der Dicke des Materials abhängig.The inventive method can be used both for annealing of workpieces, for example at temperatures of 850 ° C, as well as for case hardening at 930 to 980 ° C, usually under inert gas and process gas. It is particularly suitable for disc and ring workpieces, with gears in the foreground. Treatment times depend on the desired depth of cure and on the thickness of the material.

Die Erfindung betrifft schließlich auch die Verwendung von Kugelgelenkdornen, wie sie vorstehend beschrieben sind, bei der formstabilen Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken auf einem Chargiergestell in horizontaler Lagerung.Finally, the invention also relates to the use of ball joint mandrels, as described above, in the dimensionally stable heat treatment of workpieces on a charging rack in horizontal storage.

Die Erfindung wird durch beigefügte Abbildungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein erfindungsgemäß auf Kugelgelenkdornen gelagertes Zahnrad in seitlicher Ansicht und in der Ansicht von unten;
Fig. 2
den Ausschnitt A aus Fig. 1 in vergrößerter Darstellung;
Fig. 3
eine Variante eines Kugelgelenkdorns in seitlicher Ansicht im Schnitt und
Fig. 4
einen Chargierstern, wie er erfindungsgemäß als Chargiergestell zum Einsatz kommen kann.
The invention is explained in more detail by means of accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a gear according to the invention mounted on Kugelgelenkdornen gear in side view and in the view from below;
Fig. 2
the section A from Fig. 1 in an enlarged view;
Fig. 3
a variant of a ball joint mandrel in a side view in section and
Fig. 4
a Chargierstern, as it can be used according to the invention as a charging frame.

Fig. 1 a zeigt ein auf 6 Kugelgelenkdornen 2 gelagertes Zahnrad 1, von dem außen die Zähnung dargestellt ist. Fig. 1b zeigt das gleiche Zahnrad von unten mit dem gleichmäßig über den Umfang verteilten Kugelgelenkdornen 2, mit denen das Zahnrad auf einem Chargiergestell (nicht dargestellt) abgestützt ist. Die Kugelgelenkdorne sind weder mit dem Zahnrad, noch mit dem Chargiergestell fest verbunden. Fig. 1 a shows a mounted on 6 ball joint spikes 2 gear 1, from the outside of the perforation is shown. Fig. 1b shows the same gear from below with the evenly distributed over the circumference ball joint mandrels 2, with which the gear on a charging frame (not shown) is supported. The ball joint mandrels are not firmly connected to the gear or to the charging frame.

Fig. 2 zeigt den Ausschnitt A aus Fig. 1 a mit dem Zahnrad 1 und dem Kugelgelenkdorn 2. Der Kugelgelenkdorn besteht aus der Grundplatte 3, in den das Schraubelement 4 eingeschraubt ist. Auf dem Kopf des Schraubelements 4 stützt sich das Druckstück 5 ab, auf dem das Zahnrad 1 gelagert ist. Fig. 2 shows the section A from Fig. 1 The ball joint mandrel consists of the base plate 3, in which the screw 4 is screwed. On the head of the screw 4, the pressure pad 5 is supported, on which the gear 1 is mounted.

Fig. 3(a) zeigt einen Kugelgelenkdorn 2 in seitlicher Ansicht mit der Grundplatte 3, dem Schraubelement 4 und dem Druckstück 5. Fig. 3(b) zeigt des Kugelgelenkdorn entlang der Schnittlinie C-C mit dem die Grundplatte 3 eingeschraubten Schraubelement 4. Das Schraubelement 4 hat ein Außengewinde, das in ein Innengewinde 7 der Grundplatte 3 eingreift. Das Innengewinde ist vorzugsweise ein Trapezgewinde. Fig. 3 (a) shows a ball joint mandrel 2 in a side view with the base plate 3, the screw 4 and the pressure piece. 5 Fig. 3 (b) shows the ball joint mandrel along the section line CC with the base plate 3 screwed screw 4. The screw 4 has an external thread which engages in an internal thread 7 of the base plate 3. The internal thread is preferably a trapezoidal thread.

Das Schraubelement 4 hat ferner einen als Sechseck gestalteten Kopf, der das Ansetzen eines Schraubschlüssels erlaubt. Die obere Kopffläche 6 ist kugelabschnittförmig gestaltet, ebenso komplementär dazu die untere Fläche des Druckstücks 5. Das Druckstück 5 kann sich damit auf dem Kopf des Schraubelements 4 in alle Richtungen frei bewegen. Insbesondere ist das Druckstück damit in der Lage, Schiefstellungen des Chargiergestells und/oder von der Waagerechten abweichende Flächen des Werkstücks auszugleichen.The screw 4 further has a designed as a hexagon head, which allows the attachment of a wrench. The upper head surface 6 is designed spherical segment, just as complementary to the lower surface of the pressure piece 5. The pressure piece 5 can thus move freely on the head of the screw 4 in all directions. In particular, the pressure piece is thus able to compensate misalignments of the charging frame and / or deviating from the horizontal surfaces of the workpiece.

Wie schon erwähnt, kann so die Kugelabschnittfläche 6, wie auch die Oberfläche des Druckstücks 5 mit einem Schmiermittel beaufschlagt werden, um die Reibung zwischen Schraubelement 4 und dem Druckstück 5 bzw. dem Druckstück 5 und dem Werkstück 1 zu minimieren.As already mentioned, the ball section surface 6, as well as the surface of the pressure element 5, can be acted upon by a lubricant in order to minimize the friction between the screw element 4 and the pressure element 5 or the pressure element 5 and the workpiece 1.

Fig. 4 zeigt schließlich ein Chargiergestell 10 in Form eines Sterns, das zur horizontalen Aufnahme eines scheiben- oder ringförmigen Werkstücks geeignet ist. Auf das Chargiergestell werden die Schraub- bzw. Kugelgelenkdorne 2 in regelmäßigem Abstand platziert, vorzugsweise im Bereich jedes Arms 11 ein Dorn, worauf das Werkstück dann abgelegt wird. Fig. 4 Finally, shows a Chargiergestell 10 in the form of a star, which is suitable for horizontal recording of a disc or annular workpiece. The screw or ball joint pins 2 are placed at regular intervals on the charging frame, preferably in the region of each arm 11 a mandrel, whereupon the workpiece is then deposited.

Claims (14)

Chargiereinrichtung für die formstabile Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken, insbesondere solchen mit einer Scheiben- oder Ringform, mit einem Chargiergestell (10) zur horizontalen Lagerung des Werkstücks (1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf dem Chargiergestell (10) wenigstens drei Schraub- oder Kugelgelenkdorne (2) angeordnet sind, wobei die Kugelgelenkdorne eine Grundplatte (3) mit einem Innengewinde (7), ein Schraubelement (4) mit auf das Innengewinde (7) abgestimmtem Außengewinde (7) und einem als Kugelabschnittsfläche geformten Kopf sowie ein passgenau auf die Kugelabschnittsfläche des Kopf abgestimmtes und darauf beweglich angeordnetes Druckstück (5) aufweisen.Charging device for the dimensionally stable heat treatment of workpieces, in particular those with a disc or ring shape, with a charging frame (10) for horizontal storage of the workpiece (1), characterized in that on the Chargiergestell (10) at least three screw or ball joint pins (2 ), wherein the ball joint mandrels have a base plate (3) with an internal thread (7), a screw element (4) with an external thread (7) matched to the internal thread (7) and a head shaped as a spherical segment surface, and a fitting fit on the spherical segment surface of the head have matched and movably arranged pressure piece (5). Chargiereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schraubdorne höhenverstellbar in das Chargiergestell eingeschraubt sind.Charging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw mandrels are screwed height adjustable in the charging frame. Chargiereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Chargiergestell (10) und Kugelgelenkdorne (2) aus einem hitzebeständigem Stahl gefertigt sind.Charging device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that charging frame (10) and ball joint mandrels (2) are made of a heat-resistant steel. Chargiereinrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche mit einem Chargiergestell (10) in Form eines Gitterrosts oder eines Sterns mit mehreren Armen (11).Charging device according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a charging frame (10) in the form of a grate or a star with a plurality of arms (11). Chargiereinrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Chargiergestell (10) sechs bis neun Arme (11) aufweist.Charging device according to claim 4, characterized in that the charging frame (10) has six to nine arms (11). Chargiergestell nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zahl der Dorne (2) wenigstens der Zahl der Speichen (11) entspricht.Charging frame according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the number of mandrels (2) at least equal to the number of spokes (11). Chargiergestell nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dorne (2) ein Trapezgewinde (7) aufweisen.Charging frame according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mandrels (2) have a trapezoidal thread (7). Chargiereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kugelgelenkdorne (2) zwischen Kopf und Druckstück (5) und/oder auf dem Druckstück (5) einen Schmierstoff, insbesondere eine Kupferpaste aufweisen.Charging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ball joint pins (2) between the head and pressure piece (5) and / or on the pressure piece (5) have a lubricant, in particular a copper paste. Chargiereinrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche mit aufgelegtem Werkstück (1), insbesondere Zahnrad.Charging device according to one of the preceding claims with applied workpiece (1), in particular gear. Verfahren zum formstabilen Wärmebehandeln von Werkstücken mit Scheiben- oder Ringform mit den Schritten - Bereitstellen eines Chargiergestells (10) in Form eines Speichenrades; - Anordnen von wenigstens drei Schraub- oder Kugelgelenkdornen (2) auf dem Chargiergestell, wobei die Kugelgelenkdorne (2) eine Grundplatte (3) mit einem Innengewinde (7), ein Schraubelement (4) mit auf das Innengewinde (7) abgestimmtem Außengewinde (7) und einem als Kugelabschnittsfläche geformten Kopf sowie ein passgenau auf die Kugelabschnittsfläche des Kopfes abgestimmtes und darauf beweglich angeordnetes Druckstück (5) aufweisen, - Aufbringen des Werkstücks (1) auf die Dorne (2), - Ausrichten der Dorne (2), - Beaufschlagen des Werkstücks (1) mit Wärme über eine gewünschte Zeitspanne, - Abkühlen des Werkstücks (1) in einem üblichen Kühlmedium und - gegebenenfalls Anlassen des Werkstücks (1). Process for the dimensionally stable heat treatment of workpieces with disc or ring shape with the steps - Providing a Chargiergestells (10) in the form of a spoked wheel; Arranging at least three screw or ball joint pins (2) on the charging frame, the ball joint pins (2) having a base plate (3) with an internal thread (7), a screw element (4) with an external thread (7) matched to the internal thread (7) ) and a head shaped as a spherical section surface, and a pressure piece (5) matched to the ball section surface of the head and movably arranged thereon, Applying the workpiece (1) to the mandrels (2), - aligning the mandrels (2), Applying heat to the workpiece (1) for a desired period of time, - Cooling of the workpiece (1) in a conventional cooling medium and - If necessary, tempering of the workpiece (1). Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Chargiergestell (10) mit sechs bis neun Armen verwandt wird.A method according to claim 10, characterized in that a charging frame (10) is used with six to nine arms. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zahl der Dorne (2) wenigstens der Zahl der Arme (11) des Chargiergestells (10) entspricht.A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the number of mandrels (2) at least equal to the number of arms (11) of the charging frame (10). Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, 11 oder 12 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kontaktflächen (6) der Druckstücke (5) der Kugelgelenkdorne (2) mit dem Schraubelement (4) und/oder dem Werkstück (1) geschmiert werden.A method according to claim 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that the contact surfaces (6) of the pressure pieces (5) of the ball joint mandrels (2) with the screw (4) and / or the workpiece (1) are lubricated. Verwendung von Kugelgelenkdornen in einer Chargiereinrichtung für die formstabile Wärmebehandlung von Werkstücken in horizontaler Lagerung, wobei die Kugelgelenkdorne (2) eine Grundplatte (3) mit einem Innengewinde (7), ein Schraubelement (4) mit auf das Innengewinde (7) abgestimmtem Außengewinde (7) und einem als Kugelabschnittsfläche geformten Kopf sowie ein passgenau auf die Kugelabschnittsfläche des Kopfes abgestimmtes und darauf beweglich angeordnetes Druckstück (5) aufweisen.Use of ball joint mandrels in a charging device for the dimensionally stable heat treatment of workpieces in horizontal storage, the ball joint mandrels (2) having a base plate (3) with an internal thread (7), a screw element (4) with an external thread (7) matched to the internal thread (7) ) and a head shaped as a ball portion surface and a precisely matched to the ball portion surface of the head and arranged thereon movably arranged pressure piece (5).
EP16154103.2A 2015-02-05 2016-02-03 Batching device for the stable heat treatment of workpieces Active EP3054018B1 (en)

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CN111424141A (en) * 2020-05-14 2020-07-17 广西先进铝加工创新中心有限责任公司 Charging basket for heat treatment of aluminum alloy profile roller hearth furnace
CN113699330A (en) * 2021-08-06 2021-11-26 湖北三江航天险峰电子信息有限公司 Heat treatment tool and heat treatment method for thin-walled cylinder part

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US1768159A (en) * 1927-09-29 1930-06-24 Patent Gear Hardening Company Apparatus for hardening metal surfaces
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CN111424141A (en) * 2020-05-14 2020-07-17 广西先进铝加工创新中心有限责任公司 Charging basket for heat treatment of aluminum alloy profile roller hearth furnace
CN111424141B (en) * 2020-05-14 2022-04-19 广西先进铝加工创新中心有限责任公司 Charging basket for heat treatment of aluminum alloy profile roller hearth furnace
CN113699330A (en) * 2021-08-06 2021-11-26 湖北三江航天险峰电子信息有限公司 Heat treatment tool and heat treatment method for thin-walled cylinder part
CN113699330B (en) * 2021-08-06 2023-04-28 湖北三江航天险峰电子信息有限公司 Heat treatment tool and heat treatment method for thin-wall cylinder parts

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PL3054018T3 (en) 2020-06-29
DE102015101653A1 (en) 2016-08-25

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