EP3044509B1 - Combustion method and industrial burner - Google Patents

Combustion method and industrial burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3044509B1
EP3044509B1 EP14786310.4A EP14786310A EP3044509B1 EP 3044509 B1 EP3044509 B1 EP 3044509B1 EP 14786310 A EP14786310 A EP 14786310A EP 3044509 B1 EP3044509 B1 EP 3044509B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxidizing agent
duct
flow
fuel
fumes
Prior art date
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Application number
EP14786310.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3044509A1 (en
Inventor
Christian ATZENI
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to RS20190612A priority Critical patent/RS58795B1/sr
Publication of EP3044509A1 publication Critical patent/EP3044509A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/08—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F23D11/383—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor with swirl means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/20—Burner staging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/30—Premixing fluegas with combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/50—Control of recirculation rate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/09002—Specific devices inducing or forcing flue gas recirculation

Definitions

  • the industrial fuel burners are used in the metallurgical field, for example in the combustion chambers, in fume scrubbers, in forging furnaces, heat treatment furnaces, furnaces for heating and melting, in a continuous or discontinuous cycle, for the processing of ferrous and non-ferrous metallic materials.
  • US-A-5092761 and EP 1 20 188 B1 disclose methods for the reduction of nitrogen oxides by a partial recirculation of the combustion fumes, withdrawn directly from the combustion chamber of a burner and re-supplied into a fuel flow.
  • the premixing of combustion fumes with the fuel fluid involves a dilution and dispersion of the fuel itself and of the flame and, consequently, a lowering of the combustion temperature, known as the "flameless" combustion effect.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a combustion method and an industrial burner for the above-mentioned applications, having such characteristics as to obviate the drawbacks mentioned with reference to the prior art.
  • a particular object of the invention is to provide a combustion method and an industrial burner, particularly for the above-mentioned applications, having an improved energy efficiency and such characteristics as to reduce the NOx formation.
  • an industrial burner 1 comprises a combustion chamber 2, a fuel duct 3 in fluidic connection with the combustion chamber 2, an oxidizing agent duct 4 in fluidic connection with the combustion chamber 2, and a discharge duct 5 in fluidic connection with the combustion chamber 2.
  • the industrial burner 1 further comprises means (e.g., a fan or a pump 6) for conveying a fuel flow 7 through the fuel duct 3 into the combustion chamber 2, means (e.g., a fan 8 or a pump) for conveying an oxidizing agent flow 9 (e.g., air, air mixed with oxygen or only oxygen) through the oxidizing agent duct 4 into the combustion chamber 2, as well as ignition means 10 for ignition, where in the combustion chamber 2 there are not the conditions for a self-ignition, a combustion reaction of the fuel 7 with the oxidizing agent 9 within the combustion chamber 2, so that the combustion generates hot combustion gases/fumes 11 that, possibly after aver giving at least part of the heat, are removed from the combustion chamber 2 through the above-mentioned discharge duct 5.
  • means e.g., a fan or a pump 6
  • an oxidizing agent flow 9 e.g., air, air mixed with oxygen or only oxygen
  • the burner 1 further comprises one or more first recirculation ducts 12 that put in fluidic communication a withdrawing point 13 of the combustion chamber 2 ( Fig. 4 ) or of the discharge duct 5 downstream of the combustion chamber 2 ( Fig. 5 ) with a re-input point 14 of the oxidizing agent duct 4 upstream of the combustion chamber 2, in which, at the re-input point 14, the oxidizing agent duct 4 is configured as a Venturi tube, so that the oxidizing agent flow 9 acts as the driving fluid, generating a recirculation of a first partial flow 15 of combustion gas withdrawn from the combustion chamber 2 or from the discharge duct 5 and suctioned through the first recirculation duct(s) 12 into the oxidizing agent duct 4, where the first partial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes mixes with the oxidizing agent flow 9.
  • the burner 1 may comprise a mixing and injection body 16 defining:
  • the at least one oxidizing agent inlet opening 19 can be formed in a tubular collector 20 projecting in the inner chamber 18 and having a narrow flow cross-section to accelerate the oxidizing agent flow 9 at the outlet from the collector 20 and generate the Venturi effect that is necessary for suctioning the first partial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes in the oxidizing agent flow 9.
  • the part of the mixing and injection body 16 forming the oxidizing agent 21 and fuel 23 output openings directly opens into the combustion chamber 2 and it can be made of a refractory and/or thermal insulation material or, alternatively, of stainless steel, to withstand high thermal stresses.
  • the combustion chamber 2 itself may form an annular, e.g., converging or diverging frusto-conical diffusion surface 26, about the oxidizing agent 21 and fuel 23 output openings of the mixing and injection body 16.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the operation of the burner 1 in accordance with an embodiment.
  • the flow of oxidizing agent, passing through the collectors 20, is accelerated and suctions the first partial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes through the fumes inlet aperture 17 in the inner chamber 18, where it mixes with the flow of oxidizing agent in a mixing zone 24 downstream of the collectors 20.
  • the oxidizing agent-fumes/gases mixture then passes through a diffuser zone 25, which may have a frusto-conical profile, of the oxidizing agent outlet opening 21 from which it reaches the combustion chamber 2.
  • the fuel outlet opening may comprise a centrifugal end dispenser 27 so shaped as to induce a centrifugal acceleration and to further promote the mixing of the fuel with the oxidizing agent/fumes mixture in the zone (14).
  • the burner comprises a second recirculation duct 28, extending for example externally along the fuel passage duct 22, from a fuel withdrawing point 30 adjacent to the fuel outlet opening 23 up to the re-input point 14 (at the exit of the oxidizing agent from the collectors 20) so as to withdraw a second partial flow of fuel 29 from the combustion chamber 2 in the fuel withdrawing point 30 and re-input the second partial flow 29 at the re-input point 14 into the oxidizing agent duct, by using the oxidizing agent flow 9 as the driving fluid to suction also the second partial flow 29 of fuel.
  • This allows to stabilizing and controlling the flame shape by virtue of a "pilot flame” effect, and carrying out the two-stage combustion.
  • the second recirculation duct 28 allows exploiting the depression created by the motion of the oxidizing agent to suction small amounts of fuel, for example, to a max. 30% of the total flow rate of the fuel.
  • the fuel suctioned mixes with the oxidizing agent and the fumes, giving rise to a low-temperature partial combustion, which is completed upon combining with the remaining fuel when the oxidizing agent exits the oxidizing agent outlet opening 21.
  • the burner 1 hereto described by way of exemplary embodiment example can be used and further adapted and configured to carry out a method for burning a fuel, which generally speaking comprises:
  • the oxidizing agent flow 9 is conveyed by a conveyor of oxidizing agent fluid, for example, air, 8, particularly a fan or pump, which is arranged in the oxidizing agent duct 4, and the first partial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes is supplied into the oxidizing agent duct 4 downstream of the conveyor 8.
  • a conveyor of oxidizing agent fluid for example, air, 8, particularly a fan or pump, which is arranged in the oxidizing agent duct 4, and the first partial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes is supplied into the oxidizing agent duct 4 downstream of the conveyor 8.
  • the method provides for conveying the oxidizing agent flow 9 without fuel at the re-input point 14 of the oxidizing agent duct 4, so as to premix the first partial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes only with the oxidizing agent.
  • the method provides for using, as the driving fluid for suctioning and recirculating the first partial flow 15 of the combustion gases/fumes, more than 80% of the total volume, preferably substantially the whole total volume, of the oxidizing agent supplied into the combustion chamber 2.
  • the method may comprise the step of withdrawing the first partial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes directly from the combustion chamber 2 (hence, still upstream of the fumes duct 11) and re-inputting the first partial flow 15 at the re-input point 14 into the oxidizing agent duct 4, by using the oxidizing agent flow 9 as the driving fluid for suctioning the first partial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes.
  • the first recirculation duct 12 can extend from the combustion chamber 2 (upstream of the fumes duct 11) up to the re-input point 14 of the oxidizing agent duct 4.
  • the first partial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes is withdrawn from the discharge duct 5 at a withdrawing point 13 downstream of the combustion chamber 2.
  • the oxidizing agent flow has, at the Venturi tube (when it exits the collectors 20) a speed ranging between 100 m/s and 270 m/s.
  • the speed of the flow oxidizing agent at the Venturi tube ranges between 70 and 270m/s.
  • the oxidizing agent-combustion gases/fumes mixture is output from the oxidizing agent outlet opening 21 (and then re-input into the combustion chamber 2) at a speed ranging between 30 m/s and 150 m/s.
  • these values may sensibly vary based on the actual constructive embodiment.
  • the oxidizing agent duct 4 is configured and supplied so as to create, at the re-input point 14, a depression ranging from 0 to 200 mmH 2 O, preferably 0 to 90 mmH 2 O.
  • the flow rate of the re-circulated combustion fumes may range, during the carrying out of the method, from 0 to beyond 100% of the volume of the fumes produced by the combustion.
  • the volume of the combustion gases/fumes produced by the combustion does not include also the volume of the fumes already recirculated before into the combustion chamber. Therefore, a part of the fumes that are present within the combustion chamber is always removed definitively from the process.
  • the (Vfumi/Vcomb) ratio between the flow rate of the recirculated combustion fumes and the flow rate of the oxidizing agent 9 may vary or be varied or adjusted from 0:1 up to beyond 1:1.
  • the method comprises the step of recirculating the first partial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes without interposing filters, so as to recirculate and re-burn also the dusts and the solid particulate which are contained in the combustion fumes. This allows reducing also the particulate emissions.
  • the method provides for adjusting the flame shape within the combustion chamber 2, adjusting the mutual inclination of the axes 36 of the fuel outlet openings 23 and the axis of the oxidizing agent outlet opening 21.
  • the first partial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes has a temperature higher than 750° C, preferably higher than 1250° C, and a mixing of the first partial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes with the oxidizing agent 9 increases the temperature of the oxidizing agent 9 to beyond 600°C, preferably beyond 1000°C.
  • the fuel flow 7 may comprise a solid fuel, for example, in powder form, carried by a carrier fluid, for example, a gaseous or liquid fuel.
  • a carrier fluid for example, a gaseous or liquid fuel.
  • an end portion of the fuel duct, opening into the combustion chamber 2 may form a distributor 27 so shaped as to create a centrifugal acceleration of the fuel flow that promotes the distribution and mixing thereof with the oxidizing agent and with the fumes recirculated within the combustion chamber 2.
  • the method may comprise the step of conveying into the oxidizing agent duct 4 all the oxidizing agent necessary to the process (hot or cold, such as, for example, atmospheric air, or mixtures thereof), withdrawn from the environment or from a passive mixing duct, without the aid of mechanical pumping means (e.g., fans, pumps, or compressors), by connecting an outlet end of the oxidizing agent duct 4 to the fuel duct 3 at an oxidizing agent suctioning point upstream of the combustion chamber 2, and configuring the fuel duct 3 at the oxidizing agent suctioning point as a Venturi tube, so as to use (preferably only) the fuel flow (for example, methane gas, GPL gas, coke oven gas, liquid fuels or mixtures thereof) as the driving fluid to suction and, hence, conveying the oxidizing agent flow 9.
  • the fuel flow for example, methane gas, GPL gas, coke oven gas, liquid fuels or mixtures thereof
  • the at least one collector 20 in order to increase the stability of the burner 1 in the initial steps, can be displaced (for example, translatable) between a closure position ( Fig. 6 , forward position), in which the opening section of the re-input point 14 is closed or highly narrowed, and an opening position ( Fig. 7 , retracted position), in which the opening section of the re-input point 14 is at its maximum.
  • a closure position Fig. 6 , forward position
  • an opening position Fig. 7 , retracted position
  • the collectors 20 can be displaced from the closure position to the opening position, thereby opening the passage section 14 for suctioning the fumes 11, which will be mixed with the oxidizing agent 9 ( Figure 7 ).
  • the invention has a number of advantages. It allows suctioning, through a system of the Venturi type supplied by a pressurized fluid, high amounts of one or more passive fluids that are necessary to the technological process. By virtue of the suctioning through the Venturi effect, the need to have mechanical pumps, blowers, or fans at certain points along the fluid supply lines is obviated. This allows intaking hot or cold fluids, corrosives, oxidizing agents, fuels, inerts, or mixtures thereof.
  • the oxygen is highly diluted, and the flame cannot form an actual hot flame core anymore, but it diffuses in a more even manner into the combustion chamber ( "flameless combustion” effect); therefore, it is kept cooler. In this manner, also in the presence of very hot oxidizing air, the NOx emissions remain very low.
  • the withdrawal of combustion fumes that are already thermally exhausted downstream of the combustion chamber and, possibly, upstream of a heat exchanger associated with the discharge duct it is possible to re-input in the burner also the residual thermal energy, which would be otherwise dissipated into the environment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
EP14786310.4A 2013-09-11 2014-09-09 Combustion method and industrial burner Active EP3044509B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RS20190612A RS58795B1 (sr) 2013-09-11 2014-09-09 Postupak sagorevanja i industrijski gorionik

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT001507A ITMI20131507A1 (it) 2013-09-11 2013-09-11 Metodo di combustione e bruciatore industriale
PCT/IB2014/064339 WO2015036914A1 (en) 2013-09-11 2014-09-09 Combustion method and industrial burner

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3044509A1 EP3044509A1 (en) 2016-07-20
EP3044509B1 true EP3044509B1 (en) 2019-02-20

Family

ID=49447665

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14786310.4A Active EP3044509B1 (en) 2013-09-11 2014-09-09 Combustion method and industrial burner

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3044509B1 (it)
ES (1) ES2730887T3 (it)
IT (1) ITMI20131507A1 (it)
RS (1) RS58795B1 (it)
WO (1) WO2015036914A1 (it)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101822997B1 (ko) * 2016-06-03 2018-02-01 한국생산기술연구원 초저공해 연소장치
KR101730545B1 (ko) * 2016-06-03 2017-04-27 한국생산기술연구원 초저공해 연소장치
KR102317704B1 (ko) * 2019-11-29 2021-10-27 한국생산기술연구원 재순환 포트를 포함하는 초저질소산화물 연소장치
EP3910236B1 (de) * 2020-05-15 2024-04-03 L'air Liquide, Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'exploitation Des Procédés Georges Claude Prozessbrenner und verfahren zur verbrennung kohlenmonoxidhaltiger brenngase
CN113582227B (zh) * 2021-08-03 2022-12-23 深圳市三工色彩科技有限公司 一种复合钛白粉的制备装置及方法
CN115325537A (zh) * 2022-08-19 2022-11-11 苏州达储能源科技有限公司 一种煤气用烟气再循环旋流燃烧器

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2532740A (en) * 1948-02-10 1950-12-05 William H Speer Fuel burner provided with combustion gas recirculating means
GB833087A (en) * 1956-10-04 1960-04-21 Petro Chem Process Company Inc A heavy fuel burner
JPS58127008A (ja) * 1982-01-22 1983-07-28 Nissei Oobaru Kk 液体燃料の燃焼装置
DE3309300C1 (de) 1983-03-16 1984-09-20 Klöckner-Werke AG, 4100 Duisburg Vorrichtung zum anaeroben Behandeln von Rohschlamm bzw. hochbelastetem Abwasser
FR2629900B1 (fr) * 1988-04-07 1994-04-15 Stein Heurtey Perfectionnements apportes aux bruleurs auto-recuperateurs
US4954076A (en) * 1989-07-28 1990-09-04 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Flame stabilized oxy-fuel recirculating burner
US5092761A (en) 1990-11-19 1992-03-03 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Flue gas recirculation for NOx reduction in premix burners
DE4411593A1 (de) * 1994-03-30 1995-10-05 Broetje August Gmbh & Co Gebläsebrenner mit Venturikanal
EP1203188B1 (en) 1999-07-23 2004-10-06 Hotwork Combustion Technology Limited Improved industrial burner for fuel
FR2863691A1 (fr) * 2003-12-15 2005-06-17 Pillard Chauffage Bruleur pour chaudiere a tubes de fumees

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RS58795B1 (sr) 2019-07-31
WO2015036914A1 (en) 2015-03-19
ITMI20131507A1 (it) 2015-03-12
ES2730887T3 (es) 2019-11-13
EP3044509A1 (en) 2016-07-20

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