EP3044509B1 - Combustion method and industrial burner - Google Patents
Combustion method and industrial burner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3044509B1 EP3044509B1 EP14786310.4A EP14786310A EP3044509B1 EP 3044509 B1 EP3044509 B1 EP 3044509B1 EP 14786310 A EP14786310 A EP 14786310A EP 3044509 B1 EP3044509 B1 EP 3044509B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oxidizing agent
- duct
- flow
- fuel
- fumes
- Prior art date
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- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 146
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 123
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlormequat chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCl UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
- F23C9/08—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
- F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
- F23D11/383—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor with swirl means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
- F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
- F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
- F23C2201/20—Burner staging
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
- F23C2202/30—Premixing fluegas with combustion air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
- F23C2202/50—Control of recirculation rate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/09002—Specific devices inducing or forcing flue gas recirculation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Description
- It is the object of the present invention a combustion method and an industrial fuel burner for carrying out the method, particularly a fuel burner with recirculation of the combustion fumes.
- The industrial fuel burners are used in the metallurgical field, for example in the combustion chambers, in fume scrubbers, in forging furnaces, heat treatment furnaces, furnaces for heating and melting, in a continuous or discontinuous cycle, for the processing of ferrous and non-ferrous metallic materials.
- In the early 1980s, compact combustion burners have been developed, which perform a very high preheating of the combustion air and which, consequently, operate at very high temperatures, typically at 1350 °C, for example, for the heat treatment lines of continuous steel extrudates and for aluminum melting furnaces.
- Despite the excellent energy efficiency of the combustion with energy recovery by means of pre-heating of the combustion agent or fuel, the formation of pollutant nitrogen oxides (NOx) during a high temperature combustion is incompatible with the environmental and health protection regulations and prevents the use thereof on a large scale.
- In order to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides, it has been generally attempted to lower the temperature of the so-called flame core, which at least partially erases the energy efficiency increase achieved by pre-heating the fuel or oxidizing agents.
-
US-A-5092761 andEP 1 20 188 B1 - The premixing of combustion fumes with the fuel fluid involves a dilution and dispersion of the fuel itself and of the flame and, consequently, a lowering of the combustion temperature, known as the "flameless" combustion effect.
- These known methods have proven effective for lowering the NOx levels, but they do not lower the fuel consumption, and lead to problems of practical implementation. The combustion fumes that are withdrawn directly from the combustion chamber turn out to be too hot to be suctioned and supplied to the fuel flow by means of a fan or a pump. The subtraction of hot fumes from the combustion chamber before they have completed the heat exchange with the environment per se reduces the burner energy efficiency. A suctioning of the fumes by the Venturi effect, by using the fuel flow as the motor fluid, as described in
EP1203188B1 , can recirculate only a very reduced volume of fumes, since the ratio between the fuel gas and the oxidizing agent air is usually in the order of 1:10 or even lower.FR2629900 US4954076 describes a method wherein the Venturi effect is used to suck fumes from the combustion chamber and premix them with oxidising agent. - Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a combustion method and an industrial burner for the above-mentioned applications, having such characteristics as to obviate the drawbacks mentioned with reference to the prior art.
- A particular object of the invention is to provide a combustion method and an industrial burner, particularly for the above-mentioned applications, having an improved energy efficiency and such characteristics as to reduce the NOx formation.
- These and other objects are achieved by an industrial combustion method according to claim 1 and by an industrial combustion burner according to
claim 9 or 10. - The dependent claims relate to advantageous embodiments of the invention.
- In order to better understand the invention and appreciate the advantages thereof, some embodiments thereof will be described below, referring to the appended figures, in which:
-
Fig. 1 is a schematized partial sectional view of an industrial burner. -
Fig. 2 illustrates the flows of oxidizing agent, fuel, and combustion fumes, as well as the formation of a flame in the burner ofFig. 1 . -
Fig. 3 is a schematized partial sectional view of an industrial burner according to an embodiment of the invention; -
Figs. 4 and 5 are schematized views of an industrial burner. - With reference to the figures, an industrial burner 1 comprises a
combustion chamber 2, afuel duct 3 in fluidic connection with thecombustion chamber 2, anoxidizing agent duct 4 in fluidic connection with thecombustion chamber 2, and adischarge duct 5 in fluidic connection with thecombustion chamber 2. The industrial burner 1 further comprises means (e.g., a fan or a pump 6) for conveying afuel flow 7 through thefuel duct 3 into thecombustion chamber 2, means (e.g., afan 8 or a pump) for conveying an oxidizing agent flow 9 (e.g., air, air mixed with oxygen or only oxygen) through the oxidizingagent duct 4 into thecombustion chamber 2, as well as ignition means 10 for ignition, where in thecombustion chamber 2 there are not the conditions for a self-ignition, a combustion reaction of thefuel 7 with the oxidizing agent 9 within thecombustion chamber 2, so that the combustion generates hot combustion gases/fumes 11 that, possibly after aver giving at least part of the heat, are removed from thecombustion chamber 2 through the above-mentioneddischarge duct 5. - The burner 1 further comprises one or more
first recirculation ducts 12 that put in fluidic communication a withdrawingpoint 13 of the combustion chamber 2 (Fig. 4 ) or of thedischarge duct 5 downstream of the combustion chamber 2 (Fig. 5 ) with are-input point 14 of theoxidizing agent duct 4 upstream of thecombustion chamber 2, in which, at there-input point 14, theoxidizing agent duct 4 is configured as a Venturi tube, so that the oxidizing agent flow 9 acts as the driving fluid, generating a recirculation of a firstpartial flow 15 of combustion gas withdrawn from thecombustion chamber 2 or from thedischarge duct 5 and suctioned through the first recirculation duct(s) 12 into theoxidizing agent duct 4, where the firstpartial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes mixes with the oxidizing agent flow 9. - In accordance with an embodiment (
Fig. 1 ), the burner 1 may comprise a mixing andinjection body 16 defining: - an
inner chamber 18; - at least one
fumes inlet aperture 17 in communication with theinner chamber 18 and to which a tube of thefirst recirculation duct 12 is connected, - at least one oxidizing agent inlet opening 19 in communication with the
inner chamber 18 and to which a tube of theoxidizing agent duct 4 is connected, - at least one oxidizing agent outlet opening 21 in communication with the
inner chamber 18 for outputting a oxidizing agent-combustion fumes mixture, as well as - a fuel passage duct 22, to which a tube of the
fuel duct 3 is connected, and forming a fuel outlet opening 23 for outputting thefuel 7. - The at least one oxidizing
agent inlet opening 19 can be formed in atubular collector 20 projecting in theinner chamber 18 and having a narrow flow cross-section to accelerate the oxidizing agent flow 9 at the outlet from thecollector 20 and generate the Venturi effect that is necessary for suctioning the firstpartial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes in the oxidizing agent flow 9. The part of the mixing andinjection body 16 forming the oxidizingagent 21 andfuel 23 output openings directly opens into thecombustion chamber 2 and it can be made of a refractory and/or thermal insulation material or, alternatively, of stainless steel, to withstand high thermal stresses. - The
combustion chamber 2 itself may form an annular, e.g., converging or diverging frusto-conical diffusion surface 26, about the oxidizingagent 21 andfuel 23 output openings of the mixing andinjection body 16. -
Fig. 2 illustrates the operation of the burner 1 in accordance with an embodiment. The flow of oxidizing agent, passing through thecollectors 20, is accelerated and suctions the firstpartial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes through thefumes inlet aperture 17 in theinner chamber 18, where it mixes with the flow of oxidizing agent in amixing zone 24 downstream of thecollectors 20. The oxidizing agent-fumes/gases mixture then passes through adiffuser zone 25, which may have a frusto-conical profile, of the oxidizing agent outlet opening 21 from which it reaches thecombustion chamber 2. - The
fuel flow 7, whether it is solid, liquid, or gaseous, reaches thecombustion chamber 2 through the fuel passage duct 22 and the fuel outlet opening 23 and, in the area defined by theconical diffusion surface 26, the fuel mixes with the oxidizing agent/fumes mixture, giving rise to the combustion. - The fuel outlet opening may comprise a
centrifugal end dispenser 27 so shaped as to induce a centrifugal acceleration and to further promote the mixing of the fuel with the oxidizing agent/fumes mixture in the zone (14). - In accordance with the invention (
Fig. 3 ), the burner comprises asecond recirculation duct 28, extending for example externally along the fuel passage duct 22, from afuel withdrawing point 30 adjacent to the fuel outlet opening 23 up to the re-input point 14 (at the exit of the oxidizing agent from the collectors 20) so as to withdraw a second partial flow offuel 29 from thecombustion chamber 2 in thefuel withdrawing point 30 and re-input the secondpartial flow 29 at there-input point 14 into the oxidizing agent duct, by using the oxidizing agent flow 9 as the driving fluid to suction also the secondpartial flow 29 of fuel. This allows to stabilizing and controlling the flame shape by virtue of a "pilot flame" effect, and carrying out the two-stage combustion. - In practice, the
second recirculation duct 28 allows exploiting the depression created by the motion of the oxidizing agent to suction small amounts of fuel, for example, to a max. 30% of the total flow rate of the fuel. The fuel suctioned mixes with the oxidizing agent and the fumes, giving rise to a low-temperature partial combustion, which is completed upon combining with the remaining fuel when the oxidizing agent exits the oxidizing agent outlet opening 21. - The burner 1 hereto described by way of exemplary embodiment example can be used and further adapted and configured to carry out a method for burning a fuel, which generally speaking comprises:
- conveying a
fuel flow 7 through thefuel duct 3 into thecombustion chamber 2; - conveying an oxidizing agent flow 9 through the oxidizing
agent duct 4 into thecombustion chamber 2; - starting a combustion reaction of the
fuel 7 with the oxidizingagent 8 within thecombustion chamber 2, said combustion generating combustion gases/fumes 11; - removing the combustion gases/
fumes 11 from thecombustion chamber 2 through thedischarge duct 5, - withdrawing a first
partial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes 11 from thecombustion chamber 2 and supplying the firstpartial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes into the oxidizingagent duct 4 in are-input point 14 upstream of thecombustion chamber 2, to mix the firstpartial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes with the oxidizing agent flow 9, - configuring the
oxidizing agent duct 4 at there-input point 14 as a Venturi tube, and using the oxidizing agent flow as the driving fluid for suctioning the firstpartial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes. - In accordance with an embodiment, the oxidizing agent flow 9 is conveyed by a conveyor of oxidizing agent fluid, for example, air, 8, particularly a fan or pump, which is arranged in the oxidizing
agent duct 4, and the firstpartial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes is supplied into the oxidizingagent duct 4 downstream of theconveyor 8. - In an embodiment, the method provides for conveying the oxidizing agent flow 9 without fuel at the
re-input point 14 of the oxidizingagent duct 4, so as to premix the firstpartial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes only with the oxidizing agent. - In a further embodiment, the method provides for using, as the driving fluid for suctioning and recirculating the first
partial flow 15 of the combustion gases/fumes, more than 80% of the total volume, preferably substantially the whole total volume, of the oxidizing agent supplied into thecombustion chamber 2. - As already mentioned above, it is advantageous to withdraw from the
combustion chamber 2, at afuel withdrawing point 30 adjacent to an outlet opening 23 of thefuel duct 3, a secondpartial flow 29 of fuel, and to re-input the secondpartial flow 29 at there-input point 14 into the oxidizingagent duct 4, by using the oxidizing agent flow 9 as the driving fluid to suction also the secondpartial flow 29 of fuel. - In accordance with an embodiment (
Fig. 4 ), the method may comprise the step of withdrawing the firstpartial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes directly from the combustion chamber 2 (hence, still upstream of the fumes duct 11) and re-inputting the firstpartial flow 15 at there-input point 14 into the oxidizingagent duct 4, by using the oxidizing agent flow 9 as the driving fluid for suctioning the firstpartial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes. To this aim, thefirst recirculation duct 12 can extend from the combustion chamber 2 (upstream of the fumes duct 11) up to there-input point 14 of the oxidizingagent duct 4. - In accordance with the embodiment illustrated in
Fig. 5 , the firstpartial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes is withdrawn from thedischarge duct 5 at a withdrawingpoint 13 downstream of thecombustion chamber 2. - Advantageously, the oxidizing agent flow has, at the Venturi tube (when it exits the collectors 20) a speed ranging between 100 m/s and 270 m/s. By way of example, using an oxidizing agent pumped by a fan, the speed of the flow oxidizing agent at the Venturi tube (when it exits the collectors 20) ranges between 70 and 270m/s.
- Under usual flow rate conditions, by way of example, the oxidizing agent-combustion gases/fumes mixture is output from the oxidizing agent outlet opening 21 (and then re-input into the combustion chamber 2) at a speed ranging between 30 m/s and 150 m/s. However, these values may sensibly vary based on the actual constructive embodiment.
- In an advantageous embodiment, the oxidizing
agent duct 4 is configured and supplied so as to create, at there-input point 14, a depression ranging from 0 to 200 mmH2O, preferably 0 to 90 mmH2O. - The flow rate of the re-circulated combustion fumes may range, during the carrying out of the method, from 0 to beyond 100% of the volume of the fumes produced by the combustion.
- For avoidance of doubt, the volume of the combustion gases/fumes produced by the combustion does not include also the volume of the fumes already recirculated before into the combustion chamber. Therefore, a part of the fumes that are present within the combustion chamber is always removed definitively from the process.
- In accordance with an embodiment, based on the required thermal load, therefore as a function of the flow rate of oxidizing agent 9 in the
oxidizing agent duct 4, the (Vfumi/Vcomb) ratio between the flow rate of the recirculated combustion fumes and the flow rate of the oxidizing agent 9 may vary or be varied or adjusted from 0:1 up to beyond 1:1. - In accordance with a still further embodiment, the method comprises the step of recirculating the first
partial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes without interposing filters, so as to recirculate and re-burn also the dusts and the solid particulate which are contained in the combustion fumes. This allows reducing also the particulate emissions. - In accordance with a further embodiment, the method provides for adjusting the flame shape within the
combustion chamber 2, adjusting the mutual inclination of theaxes 36 of thefuel outlet openings 23 and the axis of the oxidizingagent outlet opening 21. - In accordance with a further embodiment, the first
partial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes has a temperature higher than 750° C, preferably higher than 1250° C, and a mixing of the firstpartial flow 15 of combustion gases/fumes with the oxidizing agent 9 increases the temperature of the oxidizing agent 9 to beyond 600°C, preferably beyond 1000°C. - In accordance with an embodiment, the
fuel flow 7 may comprise a solid fuel, for example, in powder form, carried by a carrier fluid, for example, a gaseous or liquid fuel. In such a case, an end portion of the fuel duct, opening into thecombustion chamber 2, may form adistributor 27 so shaped as to create a centrifugal acceleration of the fuel flow that promotes the distribution and mixing thereof with the oxidizing agent and with the fumes recirculated within thecombustion chamber 2. - In accordance with an embodiment, the method may comprise the step of conveying into the oxidizing
agent duct 4 all the oxidizing agent necessary to the process (hot or cold, such as, for example, atmospheric air, or mixtures thereof), withdrawn from the environment or from a passive mixing duct, without the aid of mechanical pumping means (e.g., fans, pumps, or compressors), by connecting an outlet end of the oxidizingagent duct 4 to thefuel duct 3 at an oxidizing agent suctioning point upstream of thecombustion chamber 2, and configuring thefuel duct 3 at the oxidizing agent suctioning point as a Venturi tube, so as to use (preferably only) the fuel flow (for example, methane gas, GPL gas, coke oven gas, liquid fuels or mixtures thereof) as the driving fluid to suction and, hence, conveying the oxidizing agent flow 9. - In accordance with an embodiment (
Figs. 6, 7 ), in order to increase the stability of the burner 1 in the initial steps, the at least onecollector 20 can be displaced (for example, translatable) between a closure position (Fig. 6 , forward position), in which the opening section of there-input point 14 is closed or highly narrowed, and an opening position (Fig. 7 , retracted position), in which the opening section of there-input point 14 is at its maximum. In this manner, when thesection 14 is closed (Fig. 6 ) in the mixingzone 14 downstream of thecollectors 20 there is only the oxidizing agent air flow 9, allowing to start the combustion and to quickly reach a stable flame. When the flame is stabilized, thecollectors 20 can be displaced from the closure position to the opening position, thereby opening thepassage section 14 for suctioning thefumes 11, which will be mixed with the oxidizing agent 9 (Figure 7 ). - The invention has a number of advantages. It allows suctioning, through a system of the Venturi type supplied by a pressurized fluid, high amounts of one or more passive fluids that are necessary to the technological process. By virtue of the suctioning through the Venturi effect, the need to have mechanical pumps, blowers, or fans at certain points along the fluid supply lines is obviated. This allows intaking hot or cold fluids, corrosives, oxidizing agents, fuels, inerts, or mixtures thereof.
- By virtue of the use of the oxidizing agent flow and its high flow rate, it is possible to suction and recirculate large amounts of fumes and combustion gases, without the aid of further conveying means.
- By virtue of mixing the combustion fumes with the oxidizing agent flow, the oxygen is highly diluted, and the flame cannot form an actual hot flame core anymore, but it diffuses in a more even manner into the combustion chamber ( "flameless combustion" effect); therefore, it is kept cooler. In this manner, also in the presence of very hot oxidizing air, the NOx emissions remain very low. By virtue of the withdrawal of combustion fumes that are already thermally exhausted downstream of the combustion chamber and, possibly, upstream of a heat exchanger associated with the discharge duct, it is possible to re-input in the burner also the residual thermal energy, which would be otherwise dissipated into the environment.
- Therefore, it is possible to reconcile and meet the following needs:
- a high energy efficiency;
- a reduction of polluting substances, particularly nitrogen oxides, unburned gases, and particulate,
Claims (10)
- A method for burning fuel in an industrial burner (1) having a combustion chamber (2), a fuel duct (3) in fluidic connection with the combustion chamber (2), an oxidizing agent duct (4) in fluidic connection with the combustion chamber (2) and a discharge duct (5) in fluidic connection with the combustion chamber (2),
said method comprising:- conveying a fuel flow (7) through the fuel duct (3) into the combustion chamber (2);- conveying an oxidizing agent flow (9) through the oxidizing agent duct (4) into the combustion chamber (2);- igniting a combustion reaction of the fuel (7) with the oxidizing agent (9) within the combustion chamber (2), said combustion generating combustion gases/fumes (11);- removing the combustion gases/fumes (11) from the combustion chamber (2) through the discharge duct (5),- using one or more first recirculation ducts (12) for withdrawing a first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes (11) from the combustion chamber (2) and supplying the first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes into the oxidizing agent duct (4) in a re-input point (14) upstream of the combustion chamber (2), to mix the first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes with the oxidizing agent flow (9),- configuring the oxidizing agent duct (4) at the re-input point (14) as a Venturi tube, and using the oxidizing agent flow as the driving fluid for suctioning the first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes,wherein the the burner (1) comprises a mixing and injection body (16) defining:- an inner chamber (18);- at least one fumes inlet aperture (17) in communication with the inner chamber (18) and to which a tube of the first recirculation duct (12) is connected,- at least one oxidizing agent inlet opening (19) in communication with the inner chamber (18) and to which a tube of the oxidizing agent duct (4) is connected,- at least one oxidizing agent outlet opening (21) in communication with the inner chamber (18) for outputting a oxidizing agent-combustion fumes mixture,- a fuel passage duct (22), to which a tube of the fuel duct (3) is connected, and forming a fuel outlet opening (23) for outputting the fuel (7),wherein said at least one oxidizing agent inlet opening (19) is formed in a tubular collector (20) projecting in the inner chamber (18) and having a narrow flow cross-section to accelerate the oxidizing agent flow (9) at the outlet from the collector (20) and generate the Venturi effect for suctioning the first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes in the oxidizing agent flow (9),
so that the flow of oxidizing agent, passing through the collectors (20), is accelerated and suctions the first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes through the fumes inlet aperture (17) in the inner chamber (18), where it mixes with the flow of oxidizing agent in a mixing zone (24) downstream of the collectors (20), and the oxidizing agent-fumes/gases mixture then passes through a diffuser zone (25) of the oxidizing agent outlet opening (21) from which it reaches the combustion chamber (2), characterized by withdrawing from the combustion chamber (2), at a fuel withdrawing point (30) adjacent to an outlet opening (23) of the fuel duct (3), a second partial flow (29) of fuel, and re-inputting the second partial flow (29) at the re-input point (14) into the oxidizing agent duct (4) by using the oxidizing agent flow (9) as the driving fluid to suction also the second partial flow (29) of fuel. - The method according to claim 1, comprising:- conveying the oxidizing agent flow (9) by a mechanical conveyor (8), particularly a fan or pump, which is arranged in the oxidizing agent duct (4) and the first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes is supplied into the oxidizing agent duct (4) downstream of the mechanical conveyor (8).
- The method according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the step of conveying the oxidizing agent flow (9) without fuel at the re-input point (14) of the oxidizing agent duct (4), so as to pre-mix the first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes with only the oxidizing agent.
- The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein, as the driving fluid for suctioning and recirculating the first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes, more than 80% of the total volume, preferably substantially the whole total volume, of the oxidizing agent supplied into the combustion chamber (2) is used.
- The method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising:- withdrawing said first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes (11) directly from the combustion chamber (2) upstream of the fume discharge duct.
- The method according to any of the claims 1 to 4, comprising:- withdrawing the first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes from the discharge duct (5) at a withdrawing point (13) downstream of the combustion chamber (2).
- The method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:- connecting an outlet end of the oxidizing agent duct (4) to the fuel duct (3) at an oxidizing agent suctioning point upstream of the combustion chamber (2), and- configuring the fuel duct (3) at the oxidizing agent suctioning point as a Venturi tube, so as to use the fuel flow as the driving fluid for suctioning the oxidizing agent flow (9).
- The method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of:- in an initial step of combustion ignition and start, closing the passage section at the re-input point (14) in order to prevent the first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes and the oxidizing agent flow (9) from mixing,- in a combustion step after the initial step, opening the passage section at the re-input point (14) in order to mix the first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes with the oxidizing agent flow (9).
- An industrial burner (1) having a combustion chamber (2), a fuel duct (3) in fluidic connection with the combustion chamber (2), an oxidizing agent duct (4) in fluidic connection with the combustion chamber (2), as well as:- means (6) for conveying a fuel flow (7) through the fuel duct (3) into the combustion chamber (2),- means (8) for conveying an oxidizing agent flow (9) through the oxidizing agent duct (4) into the combustion chamber (2),- a discharge duct (5) in fluidic connection with the combustion chamber (2) for removing the combustion gases/fumes (11) from the combustion chamber (2),at least one first recirculation duct (12) putting in fluidic communication a withdrawing point (13) of the discharge duct (5) downstream of the combustion chamber (2) with a re-input point (14) of the oxidizing agent duct (4) upstream of the combustion chamber (2), wherein, at the re-input point (14), the oxidizing agent duct (4) is configured as a Venturi tube, so that the oxidizing agent flow (9) acts as the driving fluid which generates a recirculation of a first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes from the combustion chamber (2) into the oxidizing agent duct (4), where said first partial flow (15) mixes with the oxidizing agent flow (9),
wherein the the burner (1) comprises a mixing and injection body (16) defining:- an inner chamber (18);- at least one fumes inlet aperture (17) in communication with the inner chamber (18) and to which a tube of the first recirculation duct (12) is connected,- at least one oxidizing agent inlet opening (19) in communication with the inner chamber (18) and to which a tube of the oxidizing agent duct (4) is connected,- at least one oxidizing agent outlet opening (21) in communication with the inner chamber (18) for outputting a oxidizing agent-combustion fumes mixture,- a fuel passage duct (22), to which a tube of the fuel duct (3) is connected, and forming a fuel outlet opening (23) for outputting the fuel (7),wherein said at least one oxidizing agent inlet opening (19) is formed in a tubular collector (20) projecting in the inner chamber (18) and having a narrow flow cross-section to accelerate the oxidizing agent flow (9) at the outlet from the collector (20) and generate the Venturi effect for suctioning the first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes in the oxidizing agent flow (9),
so that the flow of oxidizing agent, passing through the collectors (20), is accelerated and suctions the first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes through the fumes inlet aperture (17) in the inner chamber (18), where it mixes with the flow of oxidizing agent in a mixing zone (24) downstream of the collectors (20), and the oxidizing agent-fumes/gases mixture then passes through a diffuser zone (25) of the oxidizing agent outlet opening (21) from which it reaches the combustion chamber 2), characterized by withdrawing from the combustion chamber (2), at a fuel withdrawing point (30) adjacent to an outlet opening (23) of the fuel duct (3), a second partial flow (29) of fuel, and re-inputting the second partial flow (29) at the re-input point (14) into the oxidizing agent duct (4) by using the oxidizing agent flow (9) as the driving fluid to suction also the second partial flow (29) of fuel. - An industrial burner (1) having a combustion chamber (2), a fuel duct (3) in fluidic connection with the combustion chamber (2), an oxidizing agent duct (4) in fluidic connection with the combustion chamber (2), as well as:- means (6) for conveying a fuel flow (7) through the fuel duct (3) into the combustion chamber (2),- means (8) for conveying an oxidizing agent flow (9) through the oxidizing agent duct (4) into the combustion chamber (2),- a discharge duct (5) in fluidic connection with the combustion chamber (2) for removing the combustion gases/fumes (11) from the combustion chamber (2), at least one first recirculation duct (12) putting in fluidic communication a withdrawing point (13) of the combustion chamber (2) upstream of the discharge duct (5) with a re-input point (14) of the oxidizing agent duct (4) upstream of the combustion chamber (2), wherein, at the re-input point (14), the oxidizing agent duct (4) is configured as a Venturi tube, so that the oxidizing agent flow (9) acts as the driving fluid generating a recirculation of a first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes from the combustion chamber (2) into the oxidizing agent duct (4), where said first partial flow (15) mixes with the oxidizing agent flow (9),wherein the the burner (1) comprises a mixing and injection body (16) defining:- an inner chamber (18);- at least one fumes inlet aperture (17) in communication with the inner chamber (18) and to which a tube of the first recirculation duct (12) is connected,- at least one oxidizing agent inlet opening (19) in communication with the inner chamber (18) and to which a tube of the oxidizing agent duct (4) is connected,- at least one oxidizing agent outlet opening (21) in communication with the inner chamber (18) for outputting a oxidizing agent-combustion fumes mixture,- a fuel passage duct (22), to which a tube of the fuel duct (3) is connected, and forming a fuel outlet opening (23) for outputting the fuel (7),wherein said at least one oxidizing agent inlet opening (19) is formed in a tubular collector (20) projecting in the inner chamber (18) and having a narrow flow cross-section to accelerate the oxidizing agent flow (9) at the outlet from the collector (20) and generate the Venturi effect for suctioning the first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes in the oxidizing agent flow (9),
so that the flow of oxidizing agent, passing through the collectors (20), is accelerated and suctions the first partial flow (15) of combustion gases/fumes through the fumes inlet aperture (17) in the inner chamber (18), where it mixes with the flow of oxidizing agent in a mixing zone (24) downstream of the collectors (20), and the oxidizing agent-fumes/gases mixture then passes through a diffuser zone (25) of the oxidizing agent outlet opening (21) from which it reaches the combustion chamber 2), characterized by withdrawing from the combustion chamber (2), at a fuel withdrawing point (30) adjacent to an outlet opening (23) of the fuel duct (3), a second partial flow (29) of fuel, and re-inputting the second partial flow (29) at the re-input point (14) into the oxidizing agent duct (4) by using the oxidizing agent flow (9) as the driving fluid to suction also the second partial flow (29) of fuel.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RS20190612A RS58795B1 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2014-09-09 | Combustion method and industrial burner |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT001507A ITMI20131507A1 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2013-09-11 | METHOD OF COMBUSTION AND INDUSTRIAL BURNER |
PCT/IB2014/064339 WO2015036914A1 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2014-09-09 | Combustion method and industrial burner |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3044509A1 EP3044509A1 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
EP3044509B1 true EP3044509B1 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP14786310.4A Active EP3044509B1 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2014-09-09 | Combustion method and industrial burner |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3044509B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2730887T3 (en) |
IT (1) | ITMI20131507A1 (en) |
RS (1) | RS58795B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015036914A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101730545B1 (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2017-04-27 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Low NOx burner |
KR101822997B1 (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2018-02-01 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Low NOx burner |
KR102317704B1 (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-10-27 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Low NOx Burner comprising recirculation ports |
EP3910236B1 (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2024-04-03 | L'air Liquide, Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'exploitation Des Procédés Georges Claude | Process burner and method for combustion of combustion gases containing carbon monoxide |
CN113582227B (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2022-12-23 | 深圳市三工色彩科技有限公司 | Preparation device and method of composite titanium dioxide |
CN115325537A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-11 | 苏州达储能源科技有限公司 | Flue gas recirculation cyclone burner for coal gas |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2532740A (en) * | 1948-02-10 | 1950-12-05 | William H Speer | Fuel burner provided with combustion gas recirculating means |
GB833087A (en) * | 1956-10-04 | 1960-04-21 | Petro Chem Process Company Inc | A heavy fuel burner |
JPS58127008A (en) * | 1982-01-22 | 1983-07-28 | Nissei Oobaru Kk | Combustion device for liquid fuel |
DE3309300C1 (en) | 1983-03-16 | 1984-09-20 | Klöckner-Werke AG, 4100 Duisburg | Device for anaerobic treatment of raw sludge or highly polluted wastewater |
FR2629900B1 (en) * | 1988-04-07 | 1994-04-15 | Stein Heurtey | IMPROVEMENTS ON SELF-RECOVERING BURNERS |
US4954076A (en) * | 1989-07-28 | 1990-09-04 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Flame stabilized oxy-fuel recirculating burner |
US5092761A (en) | 1990-11-19 | 1992-03-03 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Flue gas recirculation for NOx reduction in premix burners |
DE4411593A1 (en) * | 1994-03-30 | 1995-10-05 | Broetje August Gmbh & Co | Burner with venturi duct |
EP1203188B1 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2004-10-06 | Hotwork Combustion Technology Limited | Improved industrial burner for fuel |
FR2863691A1 (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2005-06-17 | Pillard Chauffage | Burner for e.g. fire tube boiler, has central and peripheral oxidant injection tubes in which oxidant circulates, air supply duct supplying air to both tubes, and fumes supply duct supplying combustion fumes to peripheral tubes |
-
2013
- 2013-09-11 IT IT001507A patent/ITMI20131507A1/en unknown
-
2014
- 2014-09-09 ES ES14786310T patent/ES2730887T3/en active Active
- 2014-09-09 EP EP14786310.4A patent/EP3044509B1/en active Active
- 2014-09-09 WO PCT/IB2014/064339 patent/WO2015036914A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-09-09 RS RS20190612A patent/RS58795B1/en unknown
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2015036914A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
ITMI20131507A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
ES2730887T3 (en) | 2019-11-13 |
EP3044509A1 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
RS58795B1 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
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