Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/06—Mixtures of thickeners and additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
  • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/02—Water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/12—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/081—Biodegradable compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
  • C10N2020/091—Water solubility
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel

Definitions

• This invention relates to formulations of bio-lubricating metalworking fluids free of oils and emulsifiers. More particularly, this invention relates to a bio-lubrication fluid whose lubricating properties are obtained by increasing viscosity of water through proper biopolymers and additives.
• Lubricating fluids are used in a wide variety of applications ranging from engines to metalworking operations.
• metalworking fluids also known as cutting fluids or cutting "oil” are used to make the metalworking operation easier, mainly, in the tool-workpiece contact area, providing lubricity and refrigeration proper for each type of operation and material involved.
• Said fluids are classified as straight oils usually made up of mineral oils although they can be composed of oils of animal or vegetable origin free of water, and soluble oils (emulsion or micro-emulsions) that contain water in their formulation.
• soluble metalworking fluids Although they have a refrigeration property, soluble metalworking fluids have such problems as corrosion, foaming, and greater susceptibility to microbial attack in the metalworking process.
• vegetable-based synthetic oils have big advantages due to elimination of mineral oils, providing a low toxicity and normally biodegradable product that reduces toxic fog in the environment, has a high refrigeration power due to the presence of water in the formulation which reduces tool wear, replacements and production stops, and a high wetting power which makes the operation in the workpiece-tool contact area easier.
• a formulation of a bio-lubricating fluid that comprises a biopolymer, water, and additives endowing water which has an excellent refrigeration property by its nature with lubricity characteristics without oils and emulsifiers.
• bio-lubricating fluid of high refrigeration and lubricity power In another aspect there is provided a bio-lubricating fluid of high refrigeration and lubricity power.
• a bio-lubricating metalworking fluid comprises a formulation that includes a synergistic combination of a biopolymer such as an agent that increases viscosity of water, in order to ensure a behavior of oil in water, but with no addition of oils or synthetic derivatives such as those used in emulsions and therefore without the use of emulsifiers.
• a biopolymer such as an agent that increases viscosity of water
• the bio-lubricating metalworking fluid comprises between 0.01 and 5.0% w/w of a biopolymer, between 0.5 and 25.0% w/w of an anticorrosive additive, and water qsp.
• the bio-lubricating fluid comprises between 0.1 and 2.0% w/w of a biopolymer, between 1.5 and 10% w/w of an anticorrosive additive, and water qsp.
• the bio-lubricating fluid comprises between 0.5 and 1.8% w/w of a biopolymer, between 2.0 and 7.0% w/w of an anticorrosive additive, and water qsp.
• the additives depend on an application of the bio-lubricant and may be anticorrosive additives, biocidal additives, antifoaming additives, extreme pressure additives, pH controlling additives, complexing agents, and others.
• the formulation has between 0.1 and 2.0%of a biocidal additive in order to prevent proliferation of microorganisms in the fluid, preventing degradation and bad odor and increasing the useful life of the formulation.
• the formulation contains between 0.1 and 2.0% of an antifoaming agent to protect against contamination that may generate foam, especially, a more dilute solution is recommendable for the metalworking operation such as saws and grinding machines.
• the formulation comprises between 0.5 and 10.0% of an extreme pressure additive potentially useful when the operation requires a greater force load applied to the workpiece to protect tools and make the finish of the machined workpiece easier due to physical expulsion of fluid at the contact point.
• the formulation contains between 0.5 and 10.0% of an anticorrosive additive for yellow metals such as copper, brass, and bronze, to prevent adverse impacts on the metal such as corrosion or staining.
• an anticorrosive additive for yellow metals such as copper, brass, and bronze
• the formulation of a bio-lubricating fluid contains between 0.1 and 2.0% of chelant agents.
• the formulation contains between 0.5 and 10.0% of a wetting agent or stabilizer to make the workpiece-tool contact easier due to greater stability in order to prevent separation of the tramp oil and water phases.
• the biopolymer is selected among cellulosic thickeners such as hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) or carboximetilcellularose (CMC), polysaccharides of bacterial origin such as Xanthan or Curdlan gums, and starch or sucrose derivatives.
• cellulosic thickeners such as hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) or carboximetilcellularose (CMC)
• polysaccharides of bacterial origin such as Xanthan or Curdlan gums
• starch or sucrose derivatives starch or sucrose derivatives.
• the biopolymer to be used must induce viscosity in or thicken water in order to endow the fluid with lubricity.
• biopolymers such as polysaccharides have a lot of hydroxyl (-OH) groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water, forming a hydration layer that allows sliding between the chains, endowing the fluid with desired lubricity. Therefore, the dilution factor is of importance for the bio-lubricant.
• High concentrations of a biopolymer (in the order of 3.0% or more) provide the structure with characteristics of paste or gel similar to those of grease. By increasing the dilution, the mixture becomes more fluid maintaining thickening similar to that of oils. In elevated dilutions, lubricity is considerably reduced by physical disengagement of bio-polymeric structures.
• hydroxyethylcellulose HEC
• CMC carboximetilculose
• formulations for the field validation test are applicable to ferrous materials and aluminum.
• formulation B is recommended for applications with yellow metals and formulation C is recommended for situations when dilution water to be used is possibly harder (Ca, Mg, and other diluted metals that may cause problems to the process and to the quality of the operation).
• the formulation was diluted at the ratio of 1:5 (1 part by volume of fluid to 5 parts by volume of water) for machining equipment performing turning operations.
• the dilution in water used varied up to a maximal ratio of 1:8 (by volume).
• threading and broaching operations dilution in water in the order of 1:1 up to 1:5 and pH in the order of 8.0-9.5 were used.
• the bio-lubricating formulations were assessed in field tests for machining of steel (carbon steel), cast iron, aluminum alloys, and copper alloys (brass) using in the operations such equipment as saws, grinding machines, mills, lathes, drills, threading machines, and machining centers.
• the performance of the formulation A with the brand name Fluid B90® was better than that of synthetic fluids (a synthetic-based fluid derived from tall oil with the brand name Oil 30® was used as a reference) and a lot better than that of mixed semi-synthetic fluid containing 60% of mineral oil with relation to the synthetic base with the trade name SEP 60®.
• Table 1 shows a qualitative assessment of users perception of performance aspects where VU means Very Unsatisfactory, U -Unsatisfactory, S - Satisfactory, and VS - Very Satisfactory.
• Table 1 Comparative Qualitative Assessment of Fluids Characteristic Semi-synthetic Fluid (BD- SEP 60®) 100% Synthetic Fluid (BD-Oil 30®) Bio-lubricating Fluid A (BD-Fluid B90®) Quality of operation and finish of the workpiece S S VS Operation speed and tool preservation U S VS Solution stability VU U VS Contamination and separation (demulsification) of tramp oil VU U VS Machined workpiece and tool temperature after the operation VU S VS Work environment VU S VS Occupational Health and Safety VU S VS Generation of residues, effluents and costs of proper disposal VU U VS
• Tables 2 and 3 show the quantitative assessment of fluids in relation to the environmental parameter COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) Table 2: Comparative Quantitative COD-based Assessment of fluids Characteristic Semi-synthetic Fluid (BD- SEP 60) 100% Synthetic Fluid (BD-Oil 30) Bio-lubricating Fluid A (BD-Fluid B90) COD (mg O 2 /L) 1,165,049 459,406 64,554 Table 3: Comparative quantitative assessment of fluids at maximum dilution to be used on the basis of COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand Characteristic Semi-synthetic Fluid (BD- SEP 60) diluted at the proportion 1:20 (fluid:water) 100% Synthetic Fluid BD-Oil 30) diluted in water at the proportion 1:20 (fluid:water) Bio-lubricating Fluid A (BD-Fluid B90) diluted in water at the proportion 1:5 COD (mg O 2 /L) 55,479 21,876 10,759
• the bio-lubricating fluid has a COD of 14% of the value of a synthetic fluid and in the order of 5.5% of that of a semi-synthetic fluid. Considering the respective products diluted in the manner indicated, the biolubricating fluid has a COD of approximately 49% (less than half) of the value of the synthetic fluid.
• the bio-lubricating fluid (A) has a COD in the order of 19% (less than 1/5).
• bio-lubricants (A), (B), and (C) were subjected to field tests in different situations.
• Formulation (A) was employed in a set of commercial metalworking machines where aluminum alloys were the main material machined. The dilutions varied between 1:3 and 1:8 as shown in the Table 4.
• Table 4 Volume of bio-lubricating fluid employed in different machines Description of the machine Quantity of Machines Estimated volume (in liters) of the machine tank Total of Bio-lubricating Fluid Employed (in liters) Machining Center ROMI Discovery D 800 21 300 6300 Milling Machine Tooling Machine 55 50 2750 Cylindrical Grinding machine 1 120 120 Tangential and Flat Grinding Machine 6 130 780 Lathe CNC ROMI Centur 30D 20 190 3800 Conventional Mechanical Lathe ROMI T240 55 45 2475 TOTAL 158 machines --- 16, 225 liters
• a second machine for machining aluminum worked at 22,000 rpm and used ethyl alcohol. Neither alteration in the process nor increase in temperature was observed when the bio-lubricating fluid (formulation A) was diluted in water at the volumetric proportion of 1:5 (one part of fluid to five parts of water. However, the elimination of ethyl alcohol reduced work environment, health, and safety risks.
• Tests were carried out on a threading machine that usually used straight mineral oil as a fluid for threading of carbon steel bars.
• This equipment showed all kind of operational health and safety risks and eventually such defects as burrs (with the risk of cutting an operator's hands) as well as dimensional ones due to heating of the workpiece (high temperature usually prevented the immediate handling of the workpiece after the operation, thus reducing productivity and increasing the time of the operation).
• the same operation was subjected to a test with the bio-lubrication fluid (formulation A) diluted in water at the proportion 1:5 (by volume) for threading of a carbon steel workpiece.
• the perfect tread from the viewpoint of the dimensional specification free of burrs and completely cold at the end of the operation was obtained, thus allowing the workpiece to be safely touched and handled.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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• 2015
  • 2015-01-07 EP EP15150333.1A patent/EP3042946A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2015-01-30 JP JP2015016722A patent/JP2016125047A/ja active Pending
  • 2015-02-18 CL CL2015000399A patent/CL2015000399A1/es unknown
  • 2015-03-08 US US14/641,399 patent/US20160194579A1/en not_active Abandoned

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