EP3036501B1 - Pyrotechnic delay device for an ammunition fuse, and mortar grenade with such a delay device - Google Patents

Pyrotechnic delay device for an ammunition fuse, and mortar grenade with such a delay device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3036501B1
EP3036501B1 EP14744313.9A EP14744313A EP3036501B1 EP 3036501 B1 EP3036501 B1 EP 3036501B1 EP 14744313 A EP14744313 A EP 14744313A EP 3036501 B1 EP3036501 B1 EP 3036501B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
delay
delay device
pyrotechnic
radial bores
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EP14744313.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3036501A1 (en
Inventor
Alexander Paesch
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Priority to PL14744313T priority Critical patent/PL3036501T3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/10—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/10—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by combustion
    • F42C9/12—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by combustion with ring combustion elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pyrotechnic delay device for a munitions detonator with a pyrotechnic delay element which is ignited when firing the ammunition and after a predetermined delay time a main charge, a Austreibladung o.
  • the invention relates to a (multi-) adjustable, launch-initiated pyrotechnic delay unit for initiation and expulsion of, for example, red phosphorus (RF) as fogging material into or out of a particular (fly-k) mortar shell.
  • the invention further relates to a mortar shell with such a delay device.
  • Pyrotechnic deceleration devices for ammunition fuzes have long been known.
  • FR1258386A1 discloses such a delay device.
  • pyrotechnic deceleration devices may be safety devices that directly destroy or crash the corresponding projectile after a predetermined delay has elapsed.
  • pyrotechnic delay devices and electronic or mechanical delay devices are known. That's how it describes DE 1 114 125 B a triggerable by electricity pyrotechnic igniter, which is connected only when shooting with the power source.
  • a self-destructive device for ammunition in the DE 11 2005 001 081 B4 disclosed.
  • This self-destructive device is formed by an electro-pyrotechnic device, which in turn is time-delayed connected to an energy reserve after a predetermined delay.
  • an electro-pyrotechnic device which in turn is time-delayed connected to an energy reserve after a predetermined delay.
  • Another electronic delay is also published for the ignition of a pyrotechnic component.
  • an electric detonator with an electronic delay the DE 28 38 055 C .
  • a mechanically adjustable delay element is the DE 10 2012 014 149 B3 removable.
  • the mechanical adjustment consists at least of a tube, a sleeve and a chemical set as a delay set, which is located in the pipe. A displacement of the sleeve on the tube in the axial direction causes a release of the delay set to the ignition charge and thus an adjustment of the delay time.
  • the not pre-published DE 10 2012 014 150.5 includes a pressure-controlled delay element for an ammunition and the like with an ignition charge.
  • the delay element described therein comprises a tube, a sleeve, a bias, and a chemical delay set introduced into the tube.
  • the tube has an axial slot over part of its length and is axially slidably mounted in the sleeve and biased by the bias.
  • a narrow annular surface of the sleeve covers the end of the slot on the firing side.
  • This pressure is the control variable for the pressure-controlled delay element.
  • the gas pressure acts on the face of the tube and pushes it until the equilibrium of forces against the bias voltage is adjusted.
  • the tube is displaced against the preload.
  • the slot in the tube and the annular surface of the sleeve are moved against each other. A part of the covered slot becomes free and the delay set comes into contact with the ignition charge in this area - the delay time is shortened.
  • the delay time is usually not adjustable in pyrotechnic delay devices. Rather, to change the delay time, the respective delay element must be replaced by another delay element.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a pyrotechnic delay device with adjustable delay or delay time, without requiring an exchange of the delay element is required. Furthermore, a mortar shell with a, such a delay device having ammunition fuze to be disclosed.
  • the invention is based essentially on the idea that the initiation of the reactive-acting bullet payloads is brought about via a bullet-side, in particular prior to launch by the shooter also stepwise adjustable, pyrotechnic acting delay unit.
  • a functional claim is often found in light mortar cargo ammunition in which, in contrast to conventional mortar shells, the primary effect in the target is not caused by the projectile itself, but by their close to the target ejected, autonomously acting payload.
  • the inventive delay device comprises, in addition to the pyrotechnic delay element with a fixed delay time (maximum delay time), a bypass element with a pyrotechnic transfer charge which has a significantly higher burnup rate than the material of the pyrotechnic delay element.
  • the pyrotechnic retardation element is arranged in a hollow cylindrical first housing, which is enclosed by a hollow cylindrical second housing at least in a partial area, wherein the first and the second housing for adjusting the delay time are arranged rotatable relative to each other about a common longitudinal axis.
  • At least one bypass bore extends parallel to the first housing and is connected to at least two radial bores axially spaced apart from one another and directed to the first housing the first hole on the main or Austreibungsladung or the like. facing side of the bypass hole is arranged.
  • the side wall of the first housing further comprises at least a third and a fourth radial bore, which are arranged such that they are aligned at a predeterminable angle of rotation with respect to the second housing with the first and second radial bores arranged in this housing.
  • the bypass bore and the radial bores of the first and second housing are filled with the pyrotechnic transfer charge, so that when an alignment of the radial bores of the first and second housing, the delay time between the ignition of the delay element and the lighting of the main or Austreibladung o.dgl. is shortened by a predetermined by the axial position of the fourth (and thus also the second) radial bore period.
  • a maximum delay time is set. If now a delay time is set with the delay device, which is less than the maximum delay time, the bypass element is activated after the burning of a predetermined first portion of the delay element, so that the remaining second portion of the delay element is bridged by the bypass element and the corresponding main or Austreibladung or the like. is ignited immediately after the burning of the first section.
  • the two housings are rotated relative to each other about the longitudinal axis, that the radial holes are not aligned, so that the bypass is deactivated and it through this no longer comes to a premature ignition of the pyrotechnic delay line.
  • the number of radial bores in the first and second housings in the axial direction must be correspondingly increased and arranged circumferentially shifted relative to one another. To set the respective delay time then the associated radial bores in the two housings are again arranged in alignment.
  • Fig.1 1 schematically shows an ammunition fuze which consists of an ignition element 2 of a pyrotechnic deceleration device 3 and of a main charge 4, for instance for igniting an explosive charge (not shown).
  • the ignition element 2 it may, for example, a Zündplättchen which is ignited by means of a hammer, but also act as an electrically ignitable element.
  • the pyrotechnic delay device 3 comprises a pyrotechnic retardation element 5 which is arranged in a hollow-cylindrical or tubular first housing 6.
  • This first housing 6 is partially enclosed by a hollow cylindrical or tubular second housing 7.
  • the first and the second housing 6 and 7 are arranged rotatable relative to each other about a common longitudinal axis 100.
  • bypass hole 9 In the side wall 8 of the second housing 7 extends parallel to the longitudinal axis 100, a bypass hole 9. This bypass hole 9 is connected to two axially spaced, directed to the first housing 6 radial bores 10, 11, wherein the first bore 10 on the main charge. 4 facing side of the bypass hole 9 and the second bore 11 are arranged approximately in the middle between the ignition element 2 and the main charge 4.
  • the side wall 12 of the first housing 6 has a third and a fourth radial bore 13, 14 which extend in Fig.1 located on the side facing away from the viewer of the first housing 6. These bores 13 and 14 are arranged in such a way that, when the first housing is rotated by 45 ° relative to the second housing 7, they are aligned with the first and second radial bores 10, 11 arranged in this housing 7 (FIG. Fig.2 ).
  • Both the bypass bore 9 and the radial bores 13, 14 of the first housing 6 and the radial bores 10, 11 of the second housing 7 are filled with a pyrotechnic transfer charge 15, the burning rate is much higher than that of the pyrotechnic delay element. 5
  • the two housings 6 and 7 are rotated relative to each other about the longitudinal axis 100 such that the radial bores 10 and 13 and 11 and 14 not aligned with each other and, for example, an arrangement results, as in Fig.1 is shown.
  • FIG 3 schematically shows a mortar shell 16, which is, for example, a mortar shell which can be fired from a mortise mortar.
  • the mortar shell 16 comprises an active charge 18 (eg from a fog-producing material) receiving front projectile part 17 and a tail adjoining tail part 19.
  • the active charge activating ammunition 1 detonator 18 corresponds to the above, with the aid of Fig.1 and 2 Ammunition igniter 1 described, wherein the ignition element 2 can be activated by an impact element 20.
  • the front projectile part 17 is arranged rotatable relative to the adjoining tail part 19 about the longitudinal axis 100 of the mortar shell 16.
  • the first housing 6 of the pyrotechnic delay device 3 with the ignition element 2 and the subsequent main charge 4 are therefore non-positively and / or positively connected to the tail part 19.
  • the second housing 7 of the deceleration device 3 is non-positively and / or positively connected to the front shell part 17 of the mortar shell 16 containing the active charge 18.
  • the rotational angles at which the radial bores 10 and 13 and 11 and 14 are aligned with each other are fixed in each case via releasable latching connections.
  • the number of radial bores in the first and second housing in the axial direction must be increased accordingly and circumferentially arranged such that the input side (ie in the weft direction back) and the output side (ie in the weft direction forward) respectively only one, the respective delay time corresponding aligned arrangement of radial bores in the first and second housing are connected in alignment with each other.

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine pyrotechnische Verzögerungseinrichtung für einen Munitionszünder mit einem pyrotechnischen Verzögerungselement, das beim Abschuss der Munition gezündet wird und das nach einer vorgegebenen Verzögerungszeit eine Hauptladung, eine Austreibladung o. dgl. anzündet. Insbesondere bezieht sich die Erfindung auf eine (mehr-) stufig einstellbare, abschussinitiierte pyrotechnisches Verzögerungseinheit zur Initiierung und Expedierung von beispielsweise roten Phosphor (RF) als Nebelwirkmasse in bzw. aus einem insbesondere (Fly-k-) Mörsergeschoss heraus. Die Erfindung bezieht sich ferner auf eine Mörsergranate mit einer derartigen Verzögerungseinrichtung.
Pyrotechnische Verzögerungseinrichtungen für Munitionszünder sind seit langem bekannt. FR1258386A1 offenbart eine solche Verzögerungseinrichtung. Sie werden beispielsweise verwendet um Sprengladungen von Munition nach einer genau vorgegebenen Verzögerungszeit, etwa oberhalb eines Zielgebietes, zu zünden. Es können aber auch Nebel oder Licht erzeugende Materialien nach Ablauf der Verzögerungszeit aus entsprechenden Flugkörpern ausgestoßen werden. Schließlich kann es sich bei den bekannten pyrotechnischen Verzögerungseinrichtungen um Sicherheitseinrichtungen handeln, die nach Ablauf einer vorgegebenen Verzögerungszeit das entsprechende Geschoss direkt zerstören oder zum Absturz bringen.
Neben pyrotechnischen Verzögerungseinrichtungen sind auch elektronische oder mechanische Verzögerungseinrichtungen bekannt.
So beschreibt die DE 1 114 125 B einen mittels Strom auslösbaren pyrotechnischen Zünder, der erst beim Abschuss mit der Stromquelle verbunden wird. Des Weiteren wird eine selbstzerstörende Vorrichtung für eine Munition in der DE 11 2005 001 081 B4 offenbart.The invention relates to a pyrotechnic delay device for a munitions detonator with a pyrotechnic delay element which is ignited when firing the ammunition and after a predetermined delay time a main charge, a Austreibladung o. The like. In particular, the invention relates to a (multi-) adjustable, launch-initiated pyrotechnic delay unit for initiation and expulsion of, for example, red phosphorus (RF) as fogging material into or out of a particular (fly-k) mortar shell. The invention further relates to a mortar shell with such a delay device.
Pyrotechnic deceleration devices for ammunition fuzes have long been known. FR1258386A1 discloses such a delay device. They are used, for example, to detonate explosive charges of ammunition after a precisely predetermined delay time, for example above a target area. However, mist or light-generating materials can also be ejected from corresponding missiles after the delay time has elapsed. Finally, the known pyrotechnic deceleration devices may be safety devices that directly destroy or crash the corresponding projectile after a predetermined delay has elapsed.
In addition to pyrotechnic delay devices and electronic or mechanical delay devices are known.
That's how it describes DE 1 114 125 B a triggerable by electricity pyrotechnic igniter, which is connected only when shooting with the power source. Furthermore, a self-destructive device for ammunition in the DE 11 2005 001 081 B4 disclosed.

Diese selbstzerstörende Vorrichtung wird durch eine elektro-pyrotechnische Vorrichtung gebildet, die ihrerseits zeitverzögert mit einer Energiereserve nach einer vorbestimmten Verzögerung verbunden wird. Mit der DE 60 2004 003 544 T2 wird eine weitere elektronische Verzögerung ebenfalls für das Zünden einer pyrotechnischen Komponente publiziert. Mit einem elektrischen Zünder mit einer elektronischen Aufschlagverzögerung beschäftigt sich die DE 28 38 055 C .This self-destructive device is formed by an electro-pyrotechnic device, which in turn is time-delayed connected to an energy reserve after a predetermined delay. With the DE 60 2004 003 544 T2 Another electronic delay is also published for the ignition of a pyrotechnic component. With an electric detonator with an electronic delay, the DE 28 38 055 C ,

Ein mechanisch verstellbares Verzögerungselement ist der DE 10 2012 014 149 B3 entnehmbar. Die mechanische Einstellung besteht dabei zumindest aus einem Rohr, einer Hülse und einem chemischen Satz als Verzögerungssatz, der sich im Rohr befindet. Eine Verschiebung der Hülse auf dem Rohr in axialer Richtung bewirkt eine Freigabe des Verzögerungssatzes zur Anzündladung hin und damit ein Verstellen der Verzögerungszeit.A mechanically adjustable delay element is the DE 10 2012 014 149 B3 removable. The mechanical adjustment consists at least of a tube, a sleeve and a chemical set as a delay set, which is located in the pipe. A displacement of the sleeve on the tube in the axial direction causes a release of the delay set to the ignition charge and thus an adjustment of the delay time.

Die nicht vorveröffentlichte DE 10 2012 014 150.5 beinhaltet ein druckgesteuertes Verzögerungselement für eine Munition und dergleichen mit einer Anzündladung. Das darin beschriebene Verzögerungselement umfasst ein Röhrchen, eine Hülse, eine Vorspannung und einen in das Röhrchen eingebrachten chemischen Verzögerungssatz. Das Röhrchen weist über einen Teil seiner Länge einen axialen Schlitz auf und ist axial verschiebbar in der Hülse gelagert sowie durch die Vorspannung vorgespannt. Eine schmale Ringfläche der Hülse deckt das Ende des Schlitzes an der Abfeuerseite ab. Im Augenblick des Abfeuerns ein in diesem Augenblick vorhandene Spitzendruck in einer Druckspeicherkammer der Munition gespeichert. Dieser Druck ist die Regelgröße für das druckgesteuerte Verzögerungselement. Der Gasdruck wirkt auf die Stirnfläche des Röhrchens und schiebt es bis zur Einstellung des Kräftegleichgewichts gegen die Vorspannung. Ist der hier gespeicherte Gasdruck höher als die ursprünglich eingestellte Vorspannung, wird das Röhrchen gegen die Vorspannung verschoben. Dabei werden der Schlitz im Röhrchen und die Ringfläche der Hülse gegeneinander verschoben. Ein Teil des abgedeckten Schlitzes wird frei und der Verzögerungssatz kommt mit dem Anzündsatz in diesem Bereich in Kontakt - die Verzögerungszeit wird verkürzt.The not pre-published DE 10 2012 014 150.5 includes a pressure-controlled delay element for an ammunition and the like with an ignition charge. The delay element described therein comprises a tube, a sleeve, a bias, and a chemical delay set introduced into the tube. The tube has an axial slot over part of its length and is axially slidably mounted in the sleeve and biased by the bias. A narrow annular surface of the sleeve covers the end of the slot on the firing side. At the moment of firing, a present at that moment peak pressure stored in a pressure storage chamber of the ammunition. This pressure is the control variable for the pressure-controlled delay element. The gas pressure acts on the face of the tube and pushes it until the equilibrium of forces against the bias voltage is adjusted. If the gas pressure stored here is higher than the originally set preload, the tube is displaced against the preload. The slot in the tube and the annular surface of the sleeve are moved against each other. A part of the covered slot becomes free and the delay set comes into contact with the ignition charge in this area - the delay time is shortened.

Anders als bei elektronischen oder mechanischen Verzögerungseinrichtungen ist bei pyrotechnischen Verzögerungseinrichtungen die Verzögerungszeit in der Regel nicht einstellbar. Vielmehr muss zur Veränderung der Verzögerungszeit das jeweilige Verzögerungselement durch ein anderes Verzögerungselement ausgetauscht werden.Unlike electronic or mechanical delay devices, the delay time is usually not adjustable in pyrotechnic delay devices. Rather, to change the delay time, the respective delay element must be replaced by another delay element.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine pyrotechnische Verzögerungseinrichtung mit einstellbarer Verzögerung bzw. Verzögerungszeit anzugeben, ohne dass hierzu ein Austausch des Verzögerungselementes erforderlich ist. Ferner soll eine Mörsergranate mit einem, eine derartige Verzögerungseinrichtung aufweisenden Munitionszünder offenbart werden.The invention has for its object to provide a pyrotechnic delay device with adjustable delay or delay time, without requiring an exchange of the delay element is required. Furthermore, a mortar shell with a, such a delay device having ammunition fuze to be disclosed.

Diese Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich der Verzögerungseinrichtung durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 und hinsichtlich der Mörsergranate durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 9 gelöst. Weitere, besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung offenbaren die Unteransprüche.This object is achieved with regard to the delay device by the features of claim 1 and with respect to the mortar shell by the features of claim 9. Further, particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention disclose the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung beruht im Wesentlichen auf dem Gedanken, dass die Initiierung der reaktiv wirkenden Geschossnutzlasten über eine geschossseitig vorhandene, insbesondere vor Abschuss durch den Schützen auch stufig einstellbare, pyrotechnisch wirkende Verzögerungseinheit herbeigeführt wird. Ein derartiger Funktionsanspruch findet sich häufig bei Leichtmörser-Cargo-Munitionen, bei denen, im Gegensatz zu herkömmlich wirkenden Mörsergranaten, die primäre Wirkung im Ziel nicht durch das Geschoss selbst, sondern durch deren in Zielnähe ausgestoßenen, autonom wirkende Nutzlast hervorgerufen wird.The invention is based essentially on the idea that the initiation of the reactive-acting bullet payloads is brought about via a bullet-side, in particular prior to launch by the shooter also stepwise adjustable, pyrotechnic acting delay unit. Such a functional claim is often found in light mortar cargo ammunition in which, in contrast to conventional mortar shells, the primary effect in the target is not caused by the projectile itself, but by their close to the target ejected, autonomously acting payload.

In Umsetzung dieses Gedankens bzw. dieser Idee umfasst die erfinderische Verzögerungseinrichtung zusätzlich zu dem pyrotechnischen Verzögerungselement mit fest vorgegebener Verzögerungszeit (maximaler Verzögerungszeit) ein Bypasselement mit einer pyrotechnischen Übertragungsladung, die eine wesentlich höhere Abbrandgeschwindigkeit aufweist als das Material des pyrotechnischen Verzögerungselementes.In implementing this idea, the inventive delay device comprises, in addition to the pyrotechnic delay element with a fixed delay time (maximum delay time), a bypass element with a pyrotechnic transfer charge which has a significantly higher burnup rate than the material of the pyrotechnic delay element.

Zur Realisierung der Verzögerungseinrichtung ist das pyrotechnische Verzögerungselement in einem hohlzylinderförmigen ersten Gehäuse angeordnet, welches von einem hohlzylinderförmigen zweiten Gehäuse mindestens in einem Teilbereich umschlossen wird, wobei das erste und das zweite Gehäuse zur Einstellung der Verzögerungszeit relativ zueinander um eine gemeinsame Längsachse drehbar angeordnet sind.To realize the deceleration device, the pyrotechnic retardation element is arranged in a hollow cylindrical first housing, which is enclosed by a hollow cylindrical second housing at least in a partial area, wherein the first and the second housing for adjusting the delay time are arranged rotatable relative to each other about a common longitudinal axis.

Dabei erstreckt sich in dem Seitenwandbereich des zweiten Gehäuses parallel zum ersten Gehäuse mindestens eine Bypassbohrung, die mit mindestens zwei axial voneinander beabstandeten, zum ersten Gehäuse gerichteten radialen Bohrungen verbunden ist, wobei die erste Bohrung auf der der Haupt- oder Austreibungsladung o.dgl. zugewandten Seite der Bypassbohrung angeordnet ist.In this case, in the side wall region of the second housing, at least one bypass bore extends parallel to the first housing and is connected to at least two radial bores axially spaced apart from one another and directed to the first housing the first hole on the main or Austreibungsladung or the like. facing side of the bypass hole is arranged.

Die Seitenwand des ersten Gehäuses weist des Weiteren mindestens eine dritte und eine vierte radiale Bohrung auf, die derart angeordnet sind, dass sie bei einem vorgebbaren Drehwinkel in Bezug auf das zweite Gehäuse mit den in diesem Gehäuse angeordneten ersten und zweiten radialen Bohrungen fluchten. Die Bypassbohrung und die radialen Bohrungen des ersten und zweiten Gehäuses sind mit der pyrotechnischen Übertragungsladung ausgefüllt, so dass bei einem Fluchten der radialen Bohrungen des ersten und zweiten Gehäuses die Verzögerungszeit zwischen dem Zünden des Verzögerungselementes und dem Anzünden der Haupt- oder Austreibladung o.dgl. um einen durch die axiale Position der vierten (und damit auch der zweiten) radialen Bohrung vorgegebenen Zeitabschnitt verkürzt wird.The side wall of the first housing further comprises at least a third and a fourth radial bore, which are arranged such that they are aligned at a predeterminable angle of rotation with respect to the second housing with the first and second radial bores arranged in this housing. The bypass bore and the radial bores of the first and second housing are filled with the pyrotechnic transfer charge, so that when an alignment of the radial bores of the first and second housing, the delay time between the ignition of the delay element and the lighting of the main or Austreibladung o.dgl. is shortened by a predetermined by the axial position of the fourth (and thus also the second) radial bore period.

Durch diese Konstruktion wird der Anspruch zur Realisierung mehrere Verzögerungszeiten innerhalb nur einer Verzögerungsstrecke erfüllt. Eingestellt wird eine maximale Verzögerungszeit. Soll nun mit der Verzögerungseinrichtung eine Verzögerungszeit eingestellt werden, die geringer ist als die maximale Verzögerungszeit, so wird nach dem Abbrennen eines vorgebbaren ersten Abschnittes des Verzögerungselementes das Bypasselement aktiviert, so dass der verbleibende zweite Abschnitt des Verzögerungselementes durch das Bypasselement überbrückt wird und die entsprechende Haupt- oder Austreibladung o.dgl. unmittelbar nach dem Abbrand des ersten Abschnittes gezündet wird. Soll hingegen nach dem Anzünden des pyrotechnischen Verzögerungselementes die Zündung der Hauptladung nach der maximal einstellbaren Verzögerungszeit erfolgen, so werden die beiden Gehäuse derart relativ zueinander um die Längsachse gedreht, dass die radialen Bohrungen nicht miteinander fluchten, so dass der Bypass deaktiviert wird und es durch diesen nicht mehr zu einer verfrühten Durchzündung der pyrotechnischen Verzögerungsstrecke kommt.By this construction, the claim to realize multiple delay times within only one delay line is met. A maximum delay time is set. If now a delay time is set with the delay device, which is less than the maximum delay time, the bypass element is activated after the burning of a predetermined first portion of the delay element, so that the remaining second portion of the delay element is bridged by the bypass element and the corresponding main or Austreibladung or the like. is ignited immediately after the burning of the first section. If, however, after ignition of the pyrotechnic delay element, the ignition of the main charge after the maximum adjustable delay time, the two housings are rotated relative to each other about the longitudinal axis, that the radial holes are not aligned, so that the bypass is deactivated and it through this no longer comes to a premature ignition of the pyrotechnic delay line.

Sofern mehr als zwei unterschiedliche Verzögerungszeiten mit der erfindungsgemäßen Verzögerungseinrichtung einstellbar sein sollen, muss die Anzahl der radialen Bohrungen in dem ersten und zweiten Gehäuse in axialer Richtung entsprechend erhöht und umfangsseitig relativ zueinander verschoben angeordnet werden. Zur Einstellung der jeweiligen Verzögerungszeit werden dann die einander zugeordneten radialen Bohrungen in den beiden Gehäusen wiederum fluchtend angeordnet.If more than two different delay times are to be adjustable with the delay device according to the invention, the number of radial bores in the first and second housings in the axial direction must be correspondingly increased and arranged circumferentially shifted relative to one another. To set the respective delay time then the associated radial bores in the two housings are again arranged in alignment.

Vorzugsweise sind die Drehwinkel, bei denen die radialen Bohrungen miteinander fluchten und sich daher definierte verkürzte Verzögerungszeiten ergeben, jeweils über eine lösbare Rastverbindung fixierbar, wobei als Rastelement eine in der Seitenwand des zweiten Gehäuses angeordnete federbeaufschlagte Kugel vorgesehen sein kann, die radial in eine Sacklochbohrung der Außenwand des ersten Gehäuses hineindrückbar ist.Preferably, the rotational angles at which the radial bores are aligned and therefore defined shortened delay times, each fixed via a releasable latching connection, wherein a locking element arranged in the side wall of the second housing spring-loaded ball can be provided as the locking element radially into a blind hole Outer wall of the first housing is hineindrückbar.

Bei einer Mörsergranate mit einem Leitwerksteil und einem sich daran anschließenden vorderen Geschoßteil, welches eine Wirkladung enthält, hat es sich zur einfachen Einstellung der Verzögerungszeit vor dem Abfeuern der Granate als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn das erste Gehäuse der Verzögerungseinrichtung und die sich anschließende Spreng-oder Ausstoßladung mit dem Leitwerksteil kraft- und/oder formschlüssig verbunden sind und wenn das zweite Gehäuse des Anzündelementes kraft- und/oder formschlüssig mit dem vorderen Geschoßteil der Mörsergranate verbunden ist, so dass durch Drehung des vorderen Geschossteiles gegenüber dem Leitwerksteil die Verzögerungszeit der Verzögerungseinrichtung des Munitionszünders einstellbar ist.In a mortar shell with a tail part and an adjoining front projectile part which contains an active charge, it has proved to be easy to adjust the delay time before firing the grenade advantageous if the first case of the delay device and the subsequent blasting or ejection charge connected to the tail part frictionally and / or positively and when the second housing of the Anzündelementes non-positively and / or positively connected to the front projectile part of the mortar shell, so that adjustable by rotation of the front projectile part relative to the tail part, the delay time of the delay device of the ammunition fuze is.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den folgenden, anhand von Figuren erläuterten Ausführungsbeispielen. Es zeigen:

Fig.1
einen Längsschnitt durch einen schematisch dargestellten Munitionszünder mit erfindungsgemäßer pyrotechnischer Verzögerungseinrichtung, wobei die Verzögerungseinrichtung derart eingestellt ist, dass sie ihre maximale Verzögerungszeit benötigt, um nach ihrer Zündung eine Hauptladung zu aktivieren,
Fig.2
den in Fig.1 dargestellten Munitionszünder, wobei die Verzögerungseinrichtung derart eingestellt ist, dass die Verzögerungszeit etwa 50 % der maximalen Verzögerungszeit beträgt, um die Hauptladung zu aktivieren, und
Fig.3
die schematische Darstellung einer Mörsergranate mit einem Munitionszünder mit erfindungsgemäßer Verzögerungseinrichtung.
Further details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following, with reference to figures explained embodiments. Show it:
Fig.1
a longitudinal section through a schematically illustrated ammunition lighter with pyrotechnic delay device according to the invention, wherein the delay device is set such that it requires its maximum delay time to activate a main charge after its ignition,
Fig.2
the in Fig.1 ammunition fuze, wherein the delay means is set such that the delay time is about 50% of the maximum delay time to activate the main charge, and
Figure 3
the schematic representation of a mortar shell with a ammunition with inventive delay device.

In Fig.1 ist mit 1 schematisch ein Munitionszünder dargestellt, der aus einem Anzündelement 2 einer pyrotechnischen Verzögerungseinrichtung 3 und einer Hauptladung 4 etwa zum Zünden einer nicht dargestellten Sprengladung besteht. Bei dem Anzündelement 2 kann es sich beispielsweise um ein Zündplättchen, welches mittels eines Schlagstückes gezündet wird, aber auch um ein elektrisch zündbares Element handeln.In Fig.1 1 schematically shows an ammunition fuze which consists of an ignition element 2 of a pyrotechnic deceleration device 3 and of a main charge 4, for instance for igniting an explosive charge (not shown). In the ignition element 2 it may, for example, a Zündplättchen which is ignited by means of a hammer, but also act as an electrically ignitable element.

Die erfindungsgemäße pyrotechnische Verzögerungseinrichtung 3 umfasst ein pyrotechnisches Verzögerungselement 5, das in einem hohlzylinder- oder rohrförmigen ersten Gehäuse 6 angeordnet ist. Dieses erste Gehäuse 6 wird teilweise von einem hohlzylinder-oder rohrförmigen zweiten Gehäuse 7 umschlossen. Dabei sind das erste und das zweite Gehäuse 6 und 7 relativ zueinander um eine gemeinsame Längsachse 100 drehbar angeordnet.The pyrotechnic delay device 3 according to the invention comprises a pyrotechnic retardation element 5 which is arranged in a hollow-cylindrical or tubular first housing 6. This first housing 6 is partially enclosed by a hollow cylindrical or tubular second housing 7. In this case, the first and the second housing 6 and 7 are arranged rotatable relative to each other about a common longitudinal axis 100.

In der Seitenwand 8 des zweiten Gehäuses 7 erstreckt sich parallel zur Längsachse 100 eine Bypassbohrung 9. Diese Bypassbohrung 9 ist mit zwei axial voneinander beabstandeten, zum ersten Gehäuse 6 gerichteten radialen Bohrungen 10, 11 verbunden, wobei die erste Bohrung 10 auf der der Hauptladung 4 zugewandten Seite der Bypassbohrung 9 und die zweite Bohrung 11 etwa in der Mitte zwischen dem Anzündelement 2 und der Hauptladung 4 angeordnet sind.In the side wall 8 of the second housing 7 extends parallel to the longitudinal axis 100, a bypass hole 9. This bypass hole 9 is connected to two axially spaced, directed to the first housing 6 radial bores 10, 11, wherein the first bore 10 on the main charge. 4 facing side of the bypass hole 9 and the second bore 11 are arranged approximately in the middle between the ignition element 2 and the main charge 4.

Die Seitenwand 12 des ersten Gehäuses 6 weist eine dritte und eine vierte radiale Bohrung 13, 14 auf, die sich in Fig.1 auf der dem Betrachter abgewandten Seite des ersten Gehäuses 6 befinden. Diese Bohrungen 13 und 14 sind derart angeordnet, dass sie bei Drehung des ersten Gehäuses um 45° relativ zu dem zweiten Gehäuse 7 mit den in diesem Gehäuse 7 angeordneten ersten und zweiten radialen Bohrungen 10, 11 fluchten (Fig.2).The side wall 12 of the first housing 6 has a third and a fourth radial bore 13, 14 which extend in Fig.1 located on the side facing away from the viewer of the first housing 6. These bores 13 and 14 are arranged in such a way that, when the first housing is rotated by 45 ° relative to the second housing 7, they are aligned with the first and second radial bores 10, 11 arranged in this housing 7 (FIG. Fig.2 ).

Sowohl die Bypassbohrung 9 als auch die radialen Bohrungen 13, 14 des ersten Gehäuses 6 und die radialen Bohrungen 10, 11 des zweiten Gehäuses 7 sind mit einer pyrotechnischen Übertragungsladung 15 ausgefüllt, deren Abbrandgeschwindigkeit wesentlich höher ist, als die des pyrotechnischen Verzögerungselementes 5.Both the bypass bore 9 and the radial bores 13, 14 of the first housing 6 and the radial bores 10, 11 of the second housing 7 are filled with a pyrotechnic transfer charge 15, the burning rate is much higher than that of the pyrotechnic delay element. 5

Soll nun nach dem Anzünden des pyrotechnischen Verzögerungselementes 5 die Zündung der Hauptladung 4 erst nach der maximal einstellbaren Verzögerungszeit erfolgen, so werden die beiden Gehäuse 6 und 7 derart relativ zueinander um die Längsachse 100 gedreht, dass die radialen Bohrungen 10 und 13 sowie 11 und 14 nicht miteinander fluchten und sich beispielsweise eine Anordnung ergibt, wie sie in Fig.1 dargestellt ist.If, after the ignition of the pyrotechnic delay element 5, the ignition of the main charge 4 takes place only after the maximum settable delay time, then the two housings 6 and 7 are rotated relative to each other about the longitudinal axis 100 such that the radial bores 10 and 13 and 11 and 14 not aligned with each other and, for example, an arrangement results, as in Fig.1 is shown.

Soll hingegen eine Zündung der Hauptladung 4 etwa nach der Hälfte der maximal einstellbaren Verzögerungszeit erfolgen, so werden die beiden Gehäuse 6 und 7 derart relativ zueinander um die Längsachse 100 gedreht, dass sich die in Fig.2 dargestellte Anordnung ergibt. In diesem Fall erfolgt nach dem Abbrennen in dem ersten, bis zu der radialen Bohrung 14 reichenden Abschnitt des pyrotechnischen Verzögerungselementes 5 eine Aktivierung der Übertragungsladung 15, so dass der verbleibende Abschnitt des Verzögerungselementes 5 zwischen den radialen Bohrungen 14 und 13 durch die Übertragungsladung 15 in der Bypassbohrung 9 überbrückt wird und die Hauptladung 4 wesentlich schneller gezündet wird, als wenn die Zündung der Hauptladung 4 erst nach dem Abbrennen des gesamten Verzögerungselementes 5 erfolgt.If, on the other hand, an ignition of the main charge 4 takes place approximately halfway through the maximum settable delay time, then the two housings 6 and 7 are rotated relative to one another about the longitudinal axis 100 in such a way that the in Fig.2 shown arrangement results. In this case, after firing in the first, up to the radial bore 14 reaching portion of the pyrotechnic delay element 5, an activation of the transfer charge 15, so that the remaining portion of the delay element 5 between the radial bores 14 and 13 by the transfer charge 15 in the Bypass hole 9 is bridged and the main charge 4 is ignited much faster than when the ignition of the main charge 4 takes place only after the burning of the entire delay element 5.

Fig.3 zeigt schematisch eine Mörsergranate 16, bei der es sich beispielsweise um eine aus einem Zapfenmörser verschießbare Mörsergranate handelt. Die Mörsergranate 16 umfasst ein eine Wirkladung 18 (z.B. aus einem Nebel erzeugenden Material) aufnehmendes vorderes Geschossteil 17 und ein sich heckseitig anschließendes Leitwerksteil 19. Der die Wirkladung 18 aktivierende Munitionszünder 1 entspricht dem vorstehend, mit Hilfe der Fig.1 und 2, beschriebenen Munitionszünder 1, wobei das Anzündelement 2 durch ein Aufschlagselement 20 aktivierbar ist. Zur Einstellung der Verzögerungszeit ist vorgesehen, dass das vordere Geschossteil 17 relativ zu dem sich anschließenden Leitwerksteil 19 drehbar um die Längsachse 100 der Mörsergranate 16 angeordnet ist. Figure 3 schematically shows a mortar shell 16, which is, for example, a mortar shell which can be fired from a mortise mortar. The mortar shell 16 comprises an active charge 18 (eg from a fog-producing material) receiving front projectile part 17 and a tail adjoining tail part 19. The active charge activating ammunition 1 detonator 18 corresponds to the above, with the aid of Fig.1 and 2 Ammunition igniter 1 described, wherein the ignition element 2 can be activated by an impact element 20. To set the delay time, it is provided that the front projectile part 17 is arranged rotatable relative to the adjoining tail part 19 about the longitudinal axis 100 of the mortar shell 16.

Das erste Gehäuse 6 der pyrotechnischen Verzögerungseinrichtung 3 mit dem Anzündelement 2 sowie der sich anschließenden Hauptladung 4 sind daher mit dem Leitwerksteil 19 kraft- und/oder formschlüssig verbunden. Hingegen ist das zweite Gehäuse 7 der Verzögerungseinrichtung 3 kraft- und/oder formschlüssig mit dem die Wirkladung 18 enthaltenden vorderen Geschossteil 17 der Mörsergranate 16 verbunden.The first housing 6 of the pyrotechnic delay device 3 with the ignition element 2 and the subsequent main charge 4 are therefore non-positively and / or positively connected to the tail part 19. On the other hand, the second housing 7 of the deceleration device 3 is non-positively and / or positively connected to the front shell part 17 of the mortar shell 16 containing the active charge 18.

Die Erfindung ist selbstverständlich nicht auf die vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt.The invention is of course not limited to the embodiments described above.

So kann vorgesehen sein, dass zur schnellen und reproduzierbaren Einstellung der vorgebbaren Verzögerungszeit die Drehwinkel, bei denen die radialen Bohrungen 10 und 13 sowie 11 und 14 miteinander fluchten, jeweils über lösbare Rastverbindungen fixiert werden. Hierzu können als Rastelemente beispielsweise in der Seitenwand 8 des zweiten Gehäuses angeordnete federbeaufschlagte Kugeln vorgesehen sein, die radial in entsprechende Sacklochbohrungen der Seitenwand 12 des ersten Gehäuses hineindrückbar sind.Thus, it can be provided that for rapid and reproducible adjustment of the predefinable delay time, the rotational angles at which the radial bores 10 and 13 and 11 and 14 are aligned with each other, are fixed in each case via releasable latching connections. For this purpose, may be provided as locking elements, for example, arranged in the side wall 8 of the second housing spring-loaded balls, which radially into corresponding Sacklochbohrungen the side wall 12 of the first housing are hineindrückbar.

Zur Einstellung der Verzögerungseinrichtung von mehr als zwei unterschiedlichen Verzögerungszeiten muss die Anzahl der radialen Bohrungen in dem ersten und zweiten Gehäuse in axialer Richtung entsprechend erhöht und umfangsseitig derart angeordnet werden, dass eingangsseitig (d.h. in Schussrichtung hinten) und ausgangsseitig (d.h. in Schussrichtung vorne) jeweils nur eine, der jeweiligen Verzögerungszeit entsprechende fluchtende Anordnung von radialen Bohrungen in dem ersten und zweiten Gehäuse miteinander fluchtend verbunden sind.To set the delay device of more than two different delay times, the number of radial bores in the first and second housing in the axial direction must be increased accordingly and circumferentially arranged such that the input side (ie in the weft direction back) and the output side (ie in the weft direction forward) respectively only one, the respective delay time corresponding aligned arrangement of radial bores in the first and second housing are connected in alignment with each other.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Munitionszünderammunition fuze
22
Anzündelementignition
33
pyrotechnische Verzögerungseinrichtungpyrotechnic delay device
44
Hauptladungmain charge
55
(pyrotechnisches) Verzögerungselement(pyrotechnic) delay element
66
(erstes) Gehäuse(first) housing
77
(zweites) Gehäuse(second) housing
88th
Seitenwand (zweites Gehäuse)Side wall (second housing)
99
Bypassbohrungbypass bore
1010
(erste) Bohrung(first) bore
1111
(zweite) Bohrung(second) bore
1212
Seitenwand (erstes Gehäuse)Side wall (first housing)
13,1413.14
radiale Bohrungenradial bores
1515
(pyrotechnische) Übertragungsladung(pyrotechnic) transfer charge
1616
Mörsergranatemortar shell
1717
vorderes Geschossteilfront bullet part
1818
Wirkladungactive charge
1919
Leitwerksteiltail part
2020
Aufschlagselementcuff member
100100
Längsachselongitudinal axis

Claims (10)

  1. Pyrotechnic delay device (3) for an ammunition fuse (1) with a pyrotechnic delay element (5), which after a given delay time ignites a main charge (4), a propellant charge, or the like, wherein the pyrotechnic delay device (3) is mechanically adjusted, wherein the pyrotechnic delay element (5) is arranged in a hollow cylindrical first housing (6), which is enclosed at least in a partial region by a second housing (7), and the first and the second housing (6 and 7) are able to turn relative to each other about a common longitudinal axis (100), characterized in that a bypass element (9) with a transfer charge (15) is incorporated, so that by rotating the two housings (6, 7) a changing of the delay time is produced by activating or deactivating the bypass element (9).
  2. Pyrotechnic delay device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the bypass element (9) is at least one bypass bore which extends in the side wall (8) of the second housing (7), parallel to the longitudinal axis (100), and is connected to at least two axially spaced radial bores (10, 11), directed toward the first housing (6).
  3. Pyrotechnic delay device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the first bore (10) is arranged at the side of the bypass bore (9) facing the main charge (4) or the like.
  4. Pyrotechnic delay device according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a third and a fourth radial bore (13, 14), axially spaced apart, are led through the side wall (12) of the first housing (6), being arranged such that they are aligned with the first and second radial bores (10, 11) arranged in the second housing (7) by a predeterminable angle of rotation with respect to this housing (7).
  5. Pyrotechnic delay device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the bypass bore (9) and the radial bores (10, 11 and 13, 14) of the first and second housing (6 and 7) are filled with a pyrotechnic transfer charge (15), having a significantly higher burn rate than that of the pyrotechnic delay element (5), so that when the radial bores (10, 13 and 11, 14) of the first and second housing (6 and 7) are aligned the delay time between the igniting of the delay element (5) and the igniting of the main charge (4) or the like can be shortened by a length of time dictated by the axial position of the second and fourth radial bores (11 and 14).
  6. Delay device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in order to adjust the delay device (3) for more than two different delay times, the number of radial bores in the first and second housing (6 and 7) are increased accordingly in the axial direction and arranged on the circumference so that each time only one aligned arrangement of the radial bores in the first and second housing (6 and 7), corresponding to the particular delay time, are connected to each other at the entry side and the exit side.
  7. Delay device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the angles of rotation at which the radial bores (10 and 13 as well as 11 and 14) are aligned with each other and therefore produce defined shorter delay times can be set in each case by a releasable detent connection.
  8. Delay device according to Claim 7, characterized in that the detent element is a spring-loaded ball arranged in the side wall (8) of the second housing (7), which can be pressed radially into a blind bore of the side wall (12) of the first housing (6).
  9. Mortar grenade with a front shell section (17) containing an active charge (18) and a tail section (19) adjoining it at the rear, characterized in that the mortar grenade (16) has an ammunition fuse (1) with a delay device (3) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, wherein the first housing (6) of the delay device (3) and the adjoining main charge or the like are connected by force locking and/or form fitting to the tail section (19), and the second housing (7) of the delay device (3) is connected by force locking and/or form fitting to the front shell section (17) of the mortar grenade (16), so that by rotating the front shell section (17) relative to the tail section (19) the delay time of the delay device (3) of the ammunition fuse (1) can be adjusted.
  10. Mortar grenade according to Claim 9, characterized in that the active charge (18) of the mortar grenade (16) is a smoke generating material.
EP14744313.9A 2013-08-20 2014-07-24 Pyrotechnic delay device for an ammunition fuse, and mortar grenade with such a delay device Active EP3036501B1 (en)

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PL14744313T PL3036501T3 (en) 2013-08-20 2014-07-24 Pyrotechnic delay device for an ammunition fuse, and mortar grenade with such a delay device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE201310013705 DE102013013705A1 (en) 2013-08-20 2013-08-20 Pyrotechnic deceleration device for an ammunition fuse and mortar shell with such a delay device
PCT/EP2014/065959 WO2015024730A1 (en) 2013-08-20 2014-07-24 Pyrotechnic delay device for an ammunition fuse, and mortar grenade with such a delay device

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EP3036501A1 EP3036501A1 (en) 2016-06-29
EP3036501B1 true EP3036501B1 (en) 2018-03-14

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DE (1) DE102013013705A1 (en)
DK (1) DK3036501T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2672309T3 (en)
NO (1) NO3032209T3 (en)
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DE102015116985A1 (en) 2015-10-06 2017-04-06 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Self-consuming bullet
DE102015117003A1 (en) 2015-10-06 2017-04-06 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Projectile with reduced range

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1114125B (en) 1958-04-30 1961-09-21 Sofranic S A R L Bullet fuse with protection against premature disarming
FR1258386A (en) * 1960-03-01 1961-04-14 Chimie Et Propulsion Soc Timed relay carrier block for automatic release of the payload of self-propelled projectiles
US3994233A (en) * 1975-04-10 1976-11-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Initiator cartridge
CH608604A5 (en) 1977-09-16 1979-01-15 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag
FR2861842B1 (en) 2003-11-05 2007-12-21 Giat Ind Sa MECANO-PYROTECHNIC MODULE
BE1016094A3 (en) 2004-05-14 2006-03-07 Zeebrugge Forges Sa Device for self-destruction of rocket under ammunition.
US8250984B2 (en) * 2008-08-29 2012-08-28 Lockheed Martin Corporation Mine-defeating submunition
US8381651B1 (en) * 2011-09-01 2013-02-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Rotational variable pyrotechnic delay selector for munitions
DE102012014149B3 (en) 2012-07-18 2013-07-25 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Mechanically adjustable delay element
DE102012014150A1 (en) 2012-07-18 2014-01-23 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Pressure-controlled delay element and ammunition

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DK3036501T3 (en) 2018-06-14
DE102013013705A1 (en) 2015-02-26
PL3036501T3 (en) 2018-08-31
ES2672309T3 (en) 2018-06-13
EP3036501A1 (en) 2016-06-29
NO3032209T3 (en) 2018-02-03
WO2015024730A1 (en) 2015-02-26

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