EP3035443A1 - Antenne - Google Patents

Antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3035443A1
EP3035443A1 EP14198568.9A EP14198568A EP3035443A1 EP 3035443 A1 EP3035443 A1 EP 3035443A1 EP 14198568 A EP14198568 A EP 14198568A EP 3035443 A1 EP3035443 A1 EP 3035443A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
monopole
substrate
conductor
ground
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14198568.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nima Jamaly
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swisscom AG
Original Assignee
Swisscom AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swisscom AG filed Critical Swisscom AG
Priority to EP14198568.9A priority Critical patent/EP3035443A1/fr
Publication of EP3035443A1 publication Critical patent/EP3035443A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna, more specifically to an antenna operable in the GHz range as used for example as monopole antennas in wireless communication.
  • a theoretical monopole antenna includes a monopole arranged perpendicular to a nominally infinite or nearly infinite ground plane.
  • the nominally infinite ground plane is arranged coplanar to a monopole with both mounted onto the surface of a (dielectric) substrate.
  • the ground plane is mounted onto the opposite side of the substrate, typically covering at least a broad uniform strip or all of the opposite side.
  • the actual antenna part of the monopole is linked to other parts of a transmitting and/or receiving device by a monopole feeding line which can be implemented as a central conductor or feed line shielded on both sides by ground feed lines.
  • the transmitting/receiving part of a monopole antenna has an increased width compare to the width of the feeding line.
  • a monopole antenna could flare into a triangular shape or widen into a circular, rectangular or other shapes from the feeding line part of the antenna. This widening is normally created for the purpose of having wider bandwidth.
  • Fig. 1 shows a top view
  • Fig. 2 shows the cross-sectional view along line II-II
  • Fig. 3 shows the cross-sectional view along line III-III.
  • the ground plane in this arrangement is formed by a circular ring-shaped ground conductor 2 surrounding an inner area.
  • a circular monopole conductor 1 is mounted onto the substrate 3 within this inner area or opening of the ground conductor 2. Both are arranged coplanar on the same side 31 of a substrate 3 while the opposite side 32 of the substrate is free of conducting structures.
  • the circular monopole conductor 1 is electrically coupled to transmit/receive circuity (not shown) via the monopole feeding line 4.
  • the ground conductor 2 is similarly electrically coupled to ground of the transmit/receive circuitry by the ground feeding lines 5.
  • the ground conductor 2 and the ground feeding lines 5 shield the monopole feeding line 4 coupled to the monopole conductor 1 arranged in the opening of the ring-shaped ground conductor 2.
  • the feeding point 101 of the monopole conductor 1 is herein defined as the point at which the monopole conductor 1 begins to widen from the (constant)width of the monopole feeding line. In other words, the feeding point 101 can be understood as the point at which there is the transition from the monopole feeding line into the monopole or monopole conductor 1.
  • the antenna as described by Lech et al. has disadvantages.
  • the finite distance d of the feeding point 101 of the monopole 1 from the point where the monopole feeding line 4 crosses the inner circumference of the ground conductor 2 introduces a constraint when determining the correct geometrical parameters of the antenna for a desired performance.
  • reducing the distance d to zero in a device according to Lech et al. would cause a short circuit between the radiation monopole 1 and the ground conductor 2.
  • the arrangement of Lech et al. makes it difficult to connect a coaxial connector 6 to the monopole feeding line 4 and the ground feeding line 5.
  • the coaxial connector 6 is mounted on the edge of the substrate 3 so that the ground connector 7 is connected to the ground feeding line 5 and the signal connector 8 is connected to the monopole feeding line 4.
  • the longitudinal axis of the coaxial connector appears as an exposed stub extending from the edge of the substrate.
  • the known design cannot be easily adapted to change the location of the connector.
  • an object of the invention to improve the present antenna design to address at least some of the above-mentioned problems associated with the prior art. It is another object of the invention to provide an antenna which allows for a mechanically more stable connection for coupling a feed line from a transmit/receive circuitry to the antenna.
  • a monopole antenna having on a first side of a plane dielectric substrate a first layer of conducting material being shaped as a of the antenna and defining a boundary around a central area of the substrate free of conducting material, and having a second layer of conducting material being shaped as monopole of the antenna on the opposite side of the substrate, wherein most of the second layer (and hence the monopole of the antenna) is located within the boundary formed by an inner contour of the ground conductor when projected perpendicular onto the second side of the substrate.
  • the plane substrate can be flat or curved.
  • the ground conductor can be a strip or strips of conductive material forming a frame or ring around a central area with all strips connected in operation to a common potential.
  • the inner contour of the ground conductor forms the boundary of the central area or opening. In cases where the ground conductor is structured as ring segments or the like this boundary can be defined by virtually bridging any gaps in the ground conductor structure smoothly to form a continuous line around the central area.
  • the second structure or monopole conductor can be a structure which flares or widens after a feeding point to cover a wider area within the projected perimeter.
  • the widened structure can be for example elliptical including circular, rectangular including square, or triangular.
  • the described arrangement appears to be more complex than an arrangement as described by Lech et al. as the additional parameters of the thickness of the substrate and its electromagnetic properties must be considered.
  • similar radiation patterns can be achieved using the new arrangement. However, it can be shown that such radiation patterns can be reproduced and may even be improved with this arrangement.
  • the arrangement of the monopole conductor and of the ground conductor on two opposite sides of the substrate allows for more flexibility when designing a desired antenna shape and the desired properties.
  • the feeding point of the monopole can now be placed very close to or exactly at the projected inner boundary of the ground conductor structure.
  • an equivalent of the distance d between the feeding point and the ground conductor can be made zero or close to zero.
  • Such a value for d effectively eliminates this parameter from the consideration for the purpose of simulating the antenna.
  • the antenna comprises a monopole feeding line on the second side of the substrate connected to the monopole conductor at the feeding point and a ground feeding line on the first side of the substrate connected with the ground conductor.
  • This has the advantage that the arrangement of the monopole feeding line does not disturb the arrangement of the ground feeding line any more.
  • Such an arrangement is not known in the field of antenna design, since usually only feeding lines with infinite ground planes on the other side of the substrate are considered ("strip line").
  • the feeding lines in the embodiment they can be simulated as a macro strip line as known in the microwave engineering field (assuming for example two back-to-back finite width microstrip lines with a virtual infinite ground plane at a certain point in between them).
  • the antenna comprises a connector on one of the first side and second side of the substrate connected with a ground connector to the ground feeding line and with a signal connector to the monopole feeding line, wherein one of the ground connector and the signal connector is connected by a through hole or via to the other of the first side and second side of the substrate.
  • the antenna can include a connector on the first side of the substrate connected by a ground connector to the ground feeding line and by a signal connector and a through hole to the monopole feeding line on the second side of the substrate.
  • the ground conductor structure and/or the ground feeding line is/are symmetrical with respect to a perpendicular projection of the longitudinal axis of the monopole feeding line onto the first side of the substrate.
  • the monopole conductor structure is symmetrically with respect the longitudinal axis of the monopole feeding line.
  • a width of the ground feeding line is larger than a width of the monopole feeding line.
  • the width of the ground feeding line is smaller than the width of the substrate in the same direction.
  • a width of the monopole feeding line, a width of the ground feeding line, a thickness of the substrate and an electromagnetic property of the substrate are configured such that the antenna has a desired input impedance, e.g. 50 Ohm, at the feeding point of the monopole of fifty Ohm.
  • a connector for the antenna can be mounted at any point along the feeding lines without changing the performance of the antenna.
  • the geometrical center or, in cases where the geometrical center is difficult to define, the center of gravity of the conducting structure forming the ground conductor is offset, preferably in the direction of the feeding point, from the projection of the geometrical center or center of gravity of the monopole conductor onto the first side of the substrate.
  • an outer boundary and/or an inner boundary of the conducting structure forming the ring-shaped ground conductor is essentially similar to the outer boundary line of the structure forming the monopole conductor.
  • an outer boundary and/or an inner boundary of the ring-shaped ground conductor and/or the monopole conductor have essentially the shape of a circle.
  • the outer boundary and/or an inner boundary of the ring-shaped ground conductor have a common centre, and a circumscribing radius enclosing all of the monopole conductor structure is smaller than the radius of the inner boundary of the ring-shaped ground conductor.
  • geometrical parameters of the ground conductor and the monopole conductor, a thickness of the substrate and an electromagnetic property of the substrate are configured to result in a input impedance of fifty Ohm and a desired frequency behaviour.
  • the antenna is an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna.
  • UWB ultra-wideband
  • Figs. 4 to 6 show one embodiment of an antenna 10 according to an example of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a top view of the embodiment of the antenna, while Fig. 5 and 6 show the cross-sections V-V and VI-VI, respectively.
  • the antenna 10 comprises a substrate 13 with a first side 131 and a second side 132, a monopole conductor 11, a ground conductor 12, a monopole feeding line 14, a ground feeding line 15 and a connector 16.
  • the feeding line 14 connects to the monopole at the feeding point 111.
  • the substrate 13 is generally made of a dielectric material.
  • the substrate 13 is chosen depending on the desired application.
  • the substrate 13 of the example is a thin rectangular cuboid or parallelepiped with facing main sides or faces.
  • the first side 131 and the second side 132 are parallel to each other and/or flat.
  • the substrate 13 can be also bent into a curved shape for specific applications.
  • the substrate 13 is a rigid plate, for example with a constant thickness.
  • the substrate 13 can also be a flexible material like a foil and/or could be of varying thickness.
  • the thickness of the substrate 13 refers to the distance separating the first side 131 and the second side 132.
  • the ground conductor 12 comprises an electrically conducting material deposited as a layer onto the first side 131 of the substrate 13.
  • the ground conductor 12 is approximately annular. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that any other form of the ground conductor 12 suitable to enclose a central area of the surface of the substrate 13 can be used. Such forms can take an ellipsoidal, a triangular, a rectangular, a multi-angular or any other approximately or nearly closed shape.
  • the ground conductor 12 is defined by two concentric circular borders 121, 122 with an inner radius r12 and an outer radius r13, respectively.
  • the ground conductor 12 can also be shaped as an open or segmented ring.
  • the ground conductor 2 as shown in Fig. 1 illustrates a design of a circular open ground conductor with a single gap, which can be adapted for use in the present invention.
  • any gap between two or more segments of the ground conductor can be bridged by extending the inner boundary across such gaps as indicated by the dashed circle segments of Fig 1 .
  • Such a boundary defines in turn a central area on the surface of the substrate 13, substantially enclosed by the ground conductor 12.
  • this inner boundary 121 is simply the inner circle with the radius r12.
  • the ground feeding line 15 is made of an electrically conducting material and is connected to the ground conductor 12.
  • the ground feeding line 15 is arranged on the first side of the substrate 13.
  • the ground feeding line 15 is a straight strip with constant width up to the point where it merges with the ground conductor 12.
  • the antenna 10 has also a coaxial connector 16 and the ground feeding line 15 connects the ground conductor 12 to a ground connector 17 of the connector 16.
  • the ground feeding line 15 may be omitted when the ground connector 17 can be connected to the ground conductor 12 without a feeding line.
  • the ground feeding line 15 can comprise two or more ground feeding lines, if, for example, the ground conductor 12 is shaped as an open ring, similar to Fig. 1 .
  • the monopole conductor 11 in Figs. 3 to 6 is a structure made of an electrically conducting material and deposited onto a second side 132 of the substrate 13.
  • the monopole conductor 11 can be mounted on a second side 132, different from a first side 131 on which a ground conductor 12 may be deposited.
  • the monopole conductor 11 is arranged such that its projection onto the first side 131 of the substrate 13 is at least partly within the area of the ring-shaped ground conductor 12. In the top view onto the first side of the substrate of Fig. 4 , this projection is shown as a dashed circle of radius r11.
  • the shape and size of the monopole conductor 11 is chosen such that all or at least most of its projection onto the first side 131 of the substrate 13 is within the central area of the ring-shaped ground conductor 12 as defined above.
  • the projection of the monopole conductor 11 onto the second side 132 of the substrate 13 lies within the central area of the ring-shaped ground conductor 12 delimited by the inner boundary 121.
  • the monopole conductor 11 has an exemplary form of a circle 112 with a radius r11.
  • the radius r11 is smaller than the inner radius r12 and/or the outer radius r13 of the ground conductor 12.
  • the monopole conductor 11 structure may include parts which extend beyond the inner boundary 121 of the central area as defined above or even beyond the outer boundary 122 of the ground conductor structure 12.
  • the shape of the monopole conductor 11 nor the shape of the ground conductor are not limited to a circular shape. They can be ellipsoidal, triangular, rectangular, multi-angular, fractal, or any other shape.
  • the outer boundary 112 of the monopole conductor 11 can be shaped similar to one of the outer boundary and/or the inner boundary of the ground conductor 12 as shown. But the boundaries of the monopole 11 and the ground conductor 12 can also be shaped differently. In the example, the geometric centres of the monopole conductor 11 the ground conductor 12 do not coincide. However, said geometric centres could also coincide.
  • the shape of the monopole conductor 11 on the second side 132 of the substrate 13 is chosen such that the outer boundary of its projection onto the first side 131, i.e. the dashed circle with radius r11 is collocated or nearly collocated in at least in one point with the inner boundary, i.e. the circle with the radius r12, of the ground conductor 12.
  • this point is the feeding point 111 of the monopole.
  • the distance between the projection of the feeding point 111 onto the first side 131 and the closest point on the inner boundary 121 of the ground conductor 12 is zero.
  • the characteristics of the antenna 10 in Figs. 3 to 6 depends, among other things, on the thickness of the substrate 13, the electromagnetic property of the substrate 13 and the parameters of the geometrical arrangement of the ground conductor 12 and the monopole conductor 11.
  • the parameters of the geometrical arrangement are, inter alia, r11, r12 and r13.
  • Electromagnetic properties include, for example, the permittivity, permeability, and loss tangent.
  • the monopole feeding line 14 is made of an electrically conducting material and is connected to the monopole conductor 11. As mentioned above, the point where the monopole feeding line 14 connects to the monopole conductor 11 is referred to as the feeding point 111. At the feeding point 111 the monopole conductor 11 widens or flares with respect to the width of the feeding line 14. The monopole feeding line 14 and the monopole conductor 11 are arranged on the second side 132 of the substrate 13. In the example shown, the monopole feeding line 14 is a straight strip with a constant width which is preferably (but not necessarily) smaller than the width of the ground feeding line 15. In the shown embodiment, the longitudinal axis of the monopole feeding line 14 is arranged radially to the monopole conductor 11. However, the monopole feeding line 14 can also be curved. The resistivity of the antenna's feeding arrangement depends on the thickness of the substrate 13, the electromagnetic properties of the substrate 13, the width of the ground feeding line 15 and the width of the monopole feeding line 14.
  • the input impedance at the feeding point 111 may be designed to match a desired input impedance.
  • the desired input impedance is typically selected to match the transmitting and/or receiving circuitry (not shown). Values used are, for example, 50 Ohm or 75 Ohm.
  • the monopole feeding line 14 connects the monopole conductor 11 with a signal connector 18 of the coaxial connector 16.
  • the location at which the connector 16 is mounted can be chosen with a greater degree of freedom.
  • the monopole feeding line 14 is fully optional and can be omitted and the connector 16 could be connected directly to the monopole conductor 11, for example at the feeding point 111.
  • the connector 16 is configured to connect a ground line to the ground conductor 12 and a signal line to the monopole conductor 11.
  • the connector 16 is a coaxial connector comprising a base 19, a ground connector 17 and a signal connector 18.
  • the connector 16 is preferably connected onto one of the first side 131 or second side 132 of the substrate 13, preferably on the first side 131.
  • the connector 16 may be fixed to the substrate 13, possibly with connector terminal(s)(not shown) on the ground feeding line 15 so that an electrical connection is established between the ground connector 17 and the ground feeding line 15.
  • the ground connector 17 of connector 16 could be directly mounted on the ground conductor 12. In this case, the ground feeding line 15 may be superfluous.
  • the signal connector 18 of the connector 16 can be connected by passing from the first side 131 to the second side 132 of the substrate 13 to the monopole feeding line 14, see Fig. 5 .
  • the signal connector 18 passes through a hole 133 in the substrate 13 and/or the ground conductor feeding line 15.
  • the connector 16 is arranged directly on the ground conductor 12, the signal connector 18 can be connected to the monopole conductor 11 or the monopole feeding line 14 via a hole 133.
  • This exemplary antenna can be used in all frequencies which show less than -10 dB return loss. Acceptable return loss may be application specific, as will be clear to a person skilled in the art.
  • the present antenna performs as desired from a frequency of 1.8 GHz to at least over 5.5 GHz. Hence its exemplary bandwidth is at least 4.7 GHz.

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
EP14198568.9A 2014-12-17 2014-12-17 Antenne Withdrawn EP3035443A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14198568.9A EP3035443A1 (fr) 2014-12-17 2014-12-17 Antenne

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14198568.9A EP3035443A1 (fr) 2014-12-17 2014-12-17 Antenne

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EP3035443A1 true EP3035443A1 (fr) 2016-06-22

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EP14198568.9A Withdrawn EP3035443A1 (fr) 2014-12-17 2014-12-17 Antenne

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110350298A (zh) * 2019-06-28 2019-10-18 成都信息工程大学 一种双极化微带天线及其构成的吸入式天线

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978487A (en) * 1975-04-24 1976-08-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Coupled fed electric microstrip dipole antenna
US7061442B1 (en) * 2005-02-05 2006-06-13 Industrial Technology Research Institute Ultra-wideband antenna
WO2009045219A1 (fr) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-09 Qualcomm Incorporated Antenne ayant un espace défini entre des premier et second éléments rayonnants

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978487A (en) * 1975-04-24 1976-08-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Coupled fed electric microstrip dipole antenna
US7061442B1 (en) * 2005-02-05 2006-06-13 Industrial Technology Research Institute Ultra-wideband antenna
WO2009045219A1 (fr) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-09 Qualcomm Incorporated Antenne ayant un espace défini entre des premier et second éléments rayonnants

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BATCHELOR J C ET AL: "Microstrip ring antennas operating at higher order modes for mobile communications", IEE PROCEEDINGS: MICROWAVES, ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, IEE, STEVENAGE, HERTS, GB, vol. 142, no. 2, 1 April 1995 (1995-04-01) - 1 April 1995 (1995-04-01), pages 151 - 5, XP006004225, ISSN: 1350-2417, DOI: 10.1049/IP-MAP:19951826 *
RAFAEL LECH ET AL.: "Coplanar Waveguide Fed Ultra-Wideband Antenna Over the Planar and Cylindrical Surfaces", THE 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION, 6 April 2014 (2014-04-06), pages 3737 - 3740

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110350298A (zh) * 2019-06-28 2019-10-18 成都信息工程大学 一种双极化微带天线及其构成的吸入式天线
CN110350298B (zh) * 2019-06-28 2024-06-07 成都信息工程大学 一种双极化微带天线及其构成的吸入式天线

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