EP3030713B1 - Clothing - Google Patents
Clothing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3030713B1 EP3030713B1 EP14741629.1A EP14741629A EP3030713B1 EP 3030713 B1 EP3030713 B1 EP 3030713B1 EP 14741629 A EP14741629 A EP 14741629A EP 3030713 B1 EP3030713 B1 EP 3030713B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- clothing according
- viscose
- clothing
- mixture
- cellulose
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
- D21F1/0036—Multi-layer screen-cloths
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F7/08—Felts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/66—Pulp catching, de-watering, or recovering; Re-use of pulp-water
Description
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Bespannung insbesondere einer Bespannung zur Verwendung in einer Maschine zur Herstellung einer Faserbahn wie einer Papier-, Karton-, Tissue- oder Nonwoven-Bahn nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention is based on a covering, in particular a covering, for use in a machine for producing a fibrous web, such as a paper, board, tissue or nonwoven web, according to the preamble of claim 1.
Bespannungen werden in industriellen Anwendungen in vielen Maschinen genutzt. Einen großen Anteil nehmen dabei Papiermaschinen ein, aber auch Maschinen zur Herstellung von Nonwovens wie beispielsweise Fleece, Filtermedien u.ä.Coverings are used in industrial applications in many machines. Paper machines, but also machines for the production of nonwovens, such as fleece, filter media, etc.
Die Bespannungen dienen dabei gewöhnlich der Unterstützung und Führung sowie der Umlenkung in derartigen Maschinen. Beispielsweise finden sich in einer Papiermaschine Bespannungen in der Formierpartie, wo sie die Papiersuspension aus Fasern, Zuschlagsstoffen und Wasser aus dem Former entgegennehmen, erstentwässern und dann der Presse zuführen. In dieser sind andere Bespannungen, insbesondere Pressfilze vorgesehen, die neben der weiteren Entwässerung der Papierbahn auch der Vorglättung der Bahn dienen. Hier ist von herausragender Bedeutung, dass die Oberfläche der Bespannung so gestaltet ist, dass weder mechanische noch hydraulische Markierungen in der Papierbahn hinterlassen werden, welche im Endprodukt sichtbar wären und dessen Qualität beeinträchtigen würden. Weitere Bespannungen wie beispielsweise Transferbänder leiten die Papierbahn weiter zur Trockenpartie, wo Bespannungen in Form von Trockensieben, an welche erhöhte Anforderungen in Bezug auf ihre Temperaturtoleranz gestellt werden, die Papierbahn übernehmen.The coverings usually serve to support and guide as well as the deflection in such machines. For example, in a paper machine, clothing is found in the forming section, where it receives the paper suspension from fibers, additives and water from the former, drains it first, and then feeds it to the press. In this other coverings, especially press felts are provided, which serve in addition to the further drainage of the paper web and the pre-smoothing of the web. Of prime importance here is that the surface of the fabric is designed so that neither mechanical nor hydraulic markings are left in the paper web, which would be visible in the final product and would affect its quality. Other fabrics, such as transfer belts, guide the paper web further to the dryer section, where webbing in the form of dryer fabrics to which increased temperature tolerance requirements are imposed.
In der Pressenpartie ist es, wie bereits bemerkt, sehr wichtig, die Bespannungen so zu gestalten, dass die Markierungsneigung minimiert wird, die Bespannung möglichst über ihre gesamte Laufzeit gleiche physikalische Eigenschaften wie Dicke und Durchlässigkeit für Flüssigkeiten und Gase sowie ein gleichbleibend hohes Aufnahmevolumen für Flüssigkeiten aufweist. Insbesondere letzteres ist für die Qualität des Endproduktes entscheidend. Wenn sich eine Bespannung im Laufe ihrer Betriebsdauer kompaktiert, das Aufnahmevolumen geringer wird und die Durchlässigkeit durch Verlegung der Poren sinkt, wird weniger Wasser aus der Papierbahn aufgenommen und entsprechend feuchter verlässt die Papierbahn die Pressenpartie. Folgen sind erhöhte Energiekosten, Runnability-Probleme und Qualitätsprobleme im Endprodukt.In the press section, as already noted, it is very important to design the clothing in such a way that the marking tendency is minimized, the clothing has the same physical properties as possible over its entire service life, such as thickness and permeability to liquids and gases, and a consistently high liquid receiving volume having. Especially the latter is crucial for the quality of the final product. When a fabric compacts over the course of its service life, the recording volume is reduced and the Permeability by laying the pores decreases, less water is absorbed from the paper web and wet leaves the web the press section. The consequences are increased energy costs, runnability problems and quality problems in the final product.
Bespannungen der eingangs genannten Art sind in einer Vielzahl von Varianten bekannt, welche Grundstrukturen in Form von Geweben, Gelegen, Gewirken, Spiralstrukturen, aufspiralisierten Fadenscharen oder Bändern aufweisen können, die mit einer oder mehreren anderen Komponenten wie Stapelfaserlagen, Membranen, Kunststofffilmen, eingespülten Partikeln, Imprägnierungen o.ä. kombiniert sind, um die vorstehend genannten Probleme zu vermeiden.Fabrics of the type mentioned in the introduction are known in a multitude of variants, which may have basic structures in the form of woven, laid, knitted, spiral structures, spiraled bundles of threads or ribbons which are combined with one or more other components such as staple fiber layers, membranes, plastic films, injected particles, Impregnations or similar combined to avoid the above problems.
Allen diesen Bespannungen ist dabei gemeinsam, dass sie aus Kunststoffen wie Polyamid, Polyester, Polyethylen etc. hergestellt sind und somit in ihrem Herstellungsprozess auf fossilen Brennstoffen basieren. Heutzutage werden verstärkt Anstrengungen unternommen, im Sinne des Schutzes der Ressourcen und der Umwelt auf alternative Materialien zurückzugreifen, die entweder biologisch abbaubar sind und/oder aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen hergestellt werden können.All these fabrics have in common that they are made of plastics such as polyamide, polyester, polyethylene, etc. and are therefore based in their manufacturing process on fossil fuels. Increasing efforts are being made today to resort to alternative materials that are either biodegradable and / or made from renewable raw materials for the purpose of protecting resources and the environment.
Bespannungen mit schwammtuchartigen, porösen Strukturen, die als überwiegend kontinuierliches Gebilde ausgeführt sind, sind aus der Schrift
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Bespannung anzugeben, welche die o.g. Anforderungen in Bezug auf Umweltfreundlichkeit und Ressourcenschonung erfüllt und zugleich hervorragende Entwässerungseigenschaften zeigt.It is an object of the invention to provide a fabric which the o.g. Meets environmental and resource conservation requirements while providing excellent drainage performance.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Bespannung nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 in Kombination mit den gattungsbildenden Merkmalen.The object is achieved by a covering according to the preamble of claim 1 in combination with the generic features.
Erfindungsgemäß ist dabei vorgesehen, dass zumindest eine auf der lastaufnehmenden Grundstruktur angeordnete flüssigkeitsaufnehmende und/oder flüssigkeitsspeichernde Struktur vorgesehen ist, welche schwammtuchartig porös ausgebildet ist und Cellulose enthält oder im Wesentlichen daraus besteht.According to the invention, it is provided that at least one liquid-receiving and / or liquid-storing structure arranged on the load-receiving basic structure is provided, which is formed porous like a sponge cloth and contains or substantially consists of cellulose.
Unter einer Struktur, die im Wesentlichen aus Cellulose besteht wird dabei im Rahmen dieser Patentanmeldung eine Struktur verstanden, bei der mehr als 50 Gew.-% der Struktur aus Cellulose bestehen.In the context of this patent application, a structure consisting essentially of cellulose is understood as meaning a structure in which more than 50% by weight of the structure consists of cellulose.
Cellulose ist ein Naturstoff, der in eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen in der Textilindustrie eingesetzt wird. Daraus hergestellte Fasern und Textilien sind umweltfreundlich herstellbar, greifen auf nachwachsende Rohstoffe zurück und sind biologisch abbaubar.Cellulose is a natural substance that is used in a variety of applications in the textile industry. The resulting fibers and textiles are environmentally friendly to produce, resort to renewable resources and are biodegradable.
Weitere vorteilhafte Aspekte und Ausgestaltungsvarianten sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Further advantageous aspects and design variants are specified in the subclaims.
Bevorzugt kann die Cellulose als Regeneratcellulose, Viscose oder als Mischung daraus vorliegen.The cellulose may preferably be present as regenerated cellulose, viscose or as a mixture thereof.
Gemäß einem vorteilhaften Aspekt der Erfindung können mehrere, Lagen bildende Strukturen aus Regeneratcellulose, Viscose oder einer Mischung daraus an einer oder beiden Seiten der Grundstruktur und/oder in der Grundstruktur angeordnet sein. Die Speicherkapazität der Bespannung kann dadurch nochmals erhöht und vergleichmäßigt werden.According to an advantageous aspect of the invention, a plurality of layer-forming structures of regenerated cellulose, viscose or a mixture thereof can be arranged on one or both sides of the basic structure and / or in the basic structure. The storage capacity of the clothing can thereby be increased and evened out again.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform kann die Grundstruktur auch mit einer Lösung, welche Regeneratcellulose, Viscose oder eine Mischung daraus enthält, imprägniert oder verschäumt werden. Dadurch wird eine besonders gute Bindung zwischen den einzelnen Lagen erzielt, welche Delamination vorbeugt.According to an advantageous embodiment, the basic structure may also be impregnated or foamed with a solution containing regenerated cellulose, viscose or a mixture thereof. As a result, a particularly good bond between the individual layers is achieved, which prevents delamination.
Die schwammtuchartige Struktur kann dabei besonders bevorzugt offenporig ausgebildet sein.The spongy cloth-like structure may be particularly preferably open-pored.
Vorzugsweise können die Strukturen aus Regeneratcellulose, Viscose oder einer Mischung daraus mit der Grundstruktur mechanisch verbunden, vernadelt, verschweißt, verschmolzen, auflaminiert, aufextrudiert oder verklebt oder in anderer geeigneter Weise verbunden sein.Preferably, the structures of regenerated cellulose, viscose or a mixture thereof with the basic structure mechanically bonded, needled, welded, fused, laminated, extruded or glued or connected in any other suitable manner.
Die schwammtuchartige poröse Struktur aus Regeneratcellulose, Viskose oder einer Mischung daraus kann vorteilhafterweise in Form von Rollenware vorliegen, die schnell und einfach verarbeitbar ist. Alternativ können einzelne Stücke, die miteinander verbindbar sind, verarbeitet werden. Auch eine einstückige, insbesondere endlose Herstellung ist denkbar und möglich.The sponge cloth-like porous structure of regenerated cellulose, viscose or a mixture thereof can advantageously be in the form of roll goods which can be processed quickly and easily. Alternatively, individual pieces that are connectable to each other can be processed. A one-piece, especially endless production is conceivable and possible.
Gemäß vorteilhaften Aspekten der Erfindung kann die Grundstruktur als Gewebe, Gelege, Gestricke, Gewirke, Extrudat, Guß, Druck, Spiralstruktur, gesinterte Struktur, aufspiralisierte Struktur aus Bändchenware oder Fadenscharen mit Vlieslage oder Gewirke ausgebildet sein. Somit können Bespannungen hergestellt werden, die für beliebige Pressenkonfigurationen oder auch für andere Positionen optimiert sind.According to advantageous aspects of the invention, the basic structure can be formed as a woven fabric, scrim, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, extrudate, cast, pressure, spiral structure, sintered structure, spiraled fabric structure or fleece layer or knitted fabric bundles. Thus, fabrics can be produced which are optimized for any press configuration or for other positions.
Die Bespannung kann weitere Lagen aus Stapelfasern, Membranen, Folien und/oder Filmen umfassen, um das Eigenschaftsprofil weiter zu verbessern.The covering may comprise further layers of staple fibers, membranes, films and / or films in order to further improve the property profile.
Es können auch in die Grundstruktur und/oder in die schwammtuchartige poröse Struktur eingespülte Partikel oder Imprägnierungen vorgesehen sein, um die Rewetting- und Kompaktierungsneigung zu vermindern.It is also possible to provide particles or impregnations soaked in the basic structure and / or in the spongy porous structure in order to reduce the tendency to rewetting and compaction.
Gemäß einem bevorzugten Aspekt der Erfindung kann die Bespannung, insbesondere die schwammtuchartige Lage, im Wesentlichen biologisch abbaubar sein.According to a preferred aspect of the invention, the fabric, in particular the sponge cloth-like layer, may be substantially biodegradable.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist die schwammtuchartige poröse Struktur als kontinuierliche Struktur bzw. als überwiegend kontinuierliche Struktur ausgebildet.According to the invention, the sponge cloth-like porous structure is formed as a continuous structure or as a predominantly continuous structure.
Schwammtuchartige Strukturen aus Cellulose werden üblicherweise so hergestellt, dass Cellulose in Lösung gebracht wird - beispielsweise durch Lösung in CS2. Dieser Lösung werden in der Regel Partikel zugeführt. Diese partikelbeladene Lösung wird in Form gebracht -beispielsweise als Lage, und durch Austreiben des Lösungsmittels verfestigt. Durch Entfernen bzw. Auflösen der Partikel entstehen die Poren der Struktur. Ein Celluloseverbund, wie er beispielsweise aus solch einem Verfahren entsteht, wird im Rahmen dieser Anmeldung als kontinuierliche Struktur bezeichnet. Diese Struktur unterscheidet sich signifikant von Cellulosestrukturen, die durch Aneinanderreihung, Überlagerung oder Netzwerkbildung von Cellulosefasern enstehen.Sponge cloth-like structures made of cellulose are usually prepared so that cellulose is brought into solution - for example by dissolution in CS 2. This Solution are usually fed particles. This particle-laden solution is shaped-for example, as a layer, and solidified by expelling the solvent. By removing or dissolving the particles, the pores of the structure are formed. A cellulose composite, such as arises from such a process, is referred to in the context of this application as a continuous structure. This structure differs significantly from cellulosic structures resulting from the juxtaposition, overlay or network formation of cellulosic fibers.
Eine überwiegend kontinuierliche Struktur bezeichnet eine kontinuierliche Struktur nach obiger Definition, welche einen Anteil von diskreten Partikeln enthält. Dabei kann es sich bei den Partikeln um Cellulosefasern handeln, aber auch um Baumwollfasern, um mineralische Partikel wie z.B. Salze oder um synthetische Polymerfasern wie Polyamidfasern, Polyethylenfasern, Polyesterfasern oder ähnliche. Der Anteil dieser Partikel beträgt in einer überwiegend kontinuierlichen Struktur weniger als 50 Gew-%, bevorzugt weniger als 35 Gew-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt weniger als 25 Gew-%.A predominantly continuous structure denotes a continuous structure as defined above containing a proportion of discrete particles. The particles may be cellulose fibers, but may also be cotton fibers, mineral particles such as e.g. Salts or synthetic polymer fibers such as polyamide fibers, polyethylene fibers, polyester fibers or the like. The proportion of these particles in a predominantly continuous structure is less than 50% by weight, preferably less than 35% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 25% by weight.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend näher beschrieben.The invention will be described in more detail below.
Wie bereits vorstehend erwähnt, sind Bespannungen in Maschinen zur Herstellung von Faserbahnen wie Papier-, Karton-, Tissue- oder Nonwoven-Bahnen zum Unterstützen, Leiten und Entwässern unabdingbar. Insbesondere in der Pressenpartie von Papier-, Karton- und Tissuemaschinen sind Pressfilze im Einsatz, welche einen nicht unerheblichen Teil der Flüssigkeit aus der Faserbahn aufnehmen, speichern und später an geeignete Auffangvorrichtungen wieder abgeben.As mentioned above, fabrics are indispensable in machines for making fibrous webs such as paper, board, tissue or nonwoven webs for backing, routing and dewatering. In particular, in the press section of paper, board and tissue machines press felts are in use, which absorb a significant part of the liquid from the fiber web, store and later return to appropriate collection devices again.
Die Pressfilze sind gewöhnlich in Form von einer lastaufnehmenden Grundstruktur ausgebildet, an welcher zusätzliche Lagen mit unterschiedlichen Funktionen angeordnet sein können.The press felts are usually in the form of a load-bearing basic structure, on which additional layers with different functions can be arranged.
Die Grundstruktur kann dabei in hinlänglich bekannter Weise in verschiedenen Formen vorliegen. Dies können Gewebe, Gelege, Gestricke, Gewirke, gegossene, gedruckte, gesinterte Strukturen, aufspiralisierte Strukturen oder Spiralstrukturen sein.The basic structure can be present in various forms in a well-known manner. These can be woven, laid, knitted, knitted, cast, printed, sintered structures, spirally wound structures or spiral structures.
Gewebe sind durch einander im Wesentlichen rechtwinkelig kreuzende Fäden charakterisiert, die in Mustern miteinander verwoben sein können. Sie können ein-, zwei- oder auch mehrlagig sein, wobei die einzelnen Lagen bereits während des Webprozesses aneinandergewoben sein können. Auch Kombinationen aus mehreren getrennten Einzellagen sind möglich, die durch Verbindungs- oder Nähfäden nach der Herstellung der Einzellagen aneinander fixiert werden können.Tissues are characterized by threads that intersect substantially at right angles and that can be interwoven in patterns. They can be one, two or more layers, whereby the individual layers can already be woven together during the weaving process. Combinations of several separate individual layers are possible, which can be fixed to each other by connecting or sewing threads after the production of the individual layers.
Gelege weisen ebenfalls zwei oder mehr Lagen von einander kreuzenden Garnen auf, welche jedoch nur aufeinander abgelegt und nicht miteinander verwoben sind. Die Gelegelagen können durch geeignete Maßnahmen wie beispielsweise die Einbringung von Kleber oder Anschmelzen von Bikomponentefasern miteinander verbunden werden.Layers also have two or more layers of intersecting yarns, which, however, are only stacked on each other and not interwoven. The gel layers may be bonded together by suitable means such as the incorporation of adhesive or fusing bicomponent fibers.
Gegossene, gedruckte und gesinterte Strukturen können je nach Herstellungsprozess beispielsweise als gitterartige Strukturen oder in anderer geeigneter Form hergestellt werden.Cast, printed and sintered structures can be produced, for example, as lattice-like structures or in another suitable form, depending on the manufacturing process.
Spiralstrukturen bestehen aus Wendeln, welche nebeneinander und ineinandergreifend abgelegt und durch Steckdrähte miteinander verbunden werden.Spiral structures consist of spirals, which are placed side by side and interlocking and connected by plug wires.
Aufspiralisierte Strukturen können aus spiralig gewickelter Bändchenware oder aus Fadenscharen, die mit einem Vlies kombiniert sind, hergestellt werden. Sie können überlappend oder auf Stoß gelegt und geeignet z.B. durch Laserschweißen oder Ultraschallbehandlung an ihren Rändern miteinander verbunden werden.Spiralized structures can be made from spirally wound ribbon or from bundles of threads combined with a nonwoven. They may be overlapping or bumped and suitably e.g. be joined by laser welding or ultrasonic treatment at their edges.
Gewirke und Gestricke sind nichtgewebte Strukturen aus Fäden, welche beispielsweise maschenartige Formen wie Strick- oder Häkelstrukturen aufweisen. Die lastaufnehmende Grundstruktur muss sich durch hohe Belastbarkeit auf Zug auszeichnen, da die Bespannungen in der Maschine auf Zug gehalten werden und vielfach wechselnden Walzengeschwindigkeiten unterworfen sind, die hohe Zugkräfte in die Bespannungen einleiten. Abreißen der Bespannung führt gewöhnlich zumindest zu Maschinenstillständen, die für den Betreiber teuer sind, oder zu Beschädigungen der Maschine und Gefährdung des Personals.Knitted fabrics and knits are non-woven structures made of threads, which have, for example, mesh-like shapes such as knit or crocheted structures. The load-bearing basic structure must be characterized by high load capacity on train, since the fabrics are held in the machine to train and are subject to many changing roller speeds, which induce high tensile forces in the fabrics. Tearing off the fabric usually results in at least machine downtime, which is expensive for the operator, or damage to the machine and endangerment of personnel.
Materialien für die Garne der Grundstruktur sind beispielsweise Polyamid, insbesondere PA6, PA6.6, PA6.6T, PA6.10 und PA6.12, auch Polyester, PEEK, PET und andere gängige Kunststoffe.Materials for the yarns of the basic structure are, for example, polyamide, in particular PA6, PA6.6, PA6.6T, PA6.10 and PA6.12, also polyester, PEEK, PET and other common plastics.
Die weiteren Strukturen, welche mit der lastaufnehmenden Grundstruktur verbunden sind, haben ihre Hauptaufgabe in der Aufnahme und Speicherung des aus der Faserbahn aufgenommenen Wassers und weiterhin darin, ein Rückbefeuchten der Faserbahn nach Verlassen der Presse, das sog. Rewetting, zu verhindern.The other structures, which are connected to the load-bearing basic structure, have their main task in receiving and storing the water absorbed from the fiber web and continue to prevent rewetting of the fiber web after leaving the press, the so-called. Rewetting.
Gewöhnlich weisen Pressfilze zumindest eine Lage Stapelfasern auf, welche in Form von gleichgerichteten, durch Kardierprozesse vorbereitete Fasern ausgebildet sind. Die Fasern können dabei gleiche oder unterschiedlicher Längen und Faserstärken aufweisen und aus verschiedenen Materialien bestehen. Es können mehrere Stapelfaserlagen vorgesehen sein, welche an einer oder an beiden Seiten der lastaufnehmenden Grundstruktur ausgebildet sein können. Die Stapelfaserlagen definieren einerseits einen Teil des sog. void volume, also das Volumen im Inneren des Pressfilzes, welches zur Aufnahme bzw. zur Speicherung von Wasser zur Verfügung steht, andererseits kann durch geeignete Auswahl der Fasern die Oberfläche des Pressfilzes beeinflusst werden. Werden grobe Fasern gewählt, ist der Pressfilz wasserdurchlässiger und neigt weniger stark zur Kompaktierung, jedoch ist auch die rewetting-Neigung höher. Feine Fasern führen zu weniger durchlässigen Filzen mit geringer Neigung zu rewetting, aber zu schneller Kompaktierung.Usually press felts have at least one ply of staple fibers which are in the form of rectified fibers prepared by carding processes. The fibers may have the same or different lengths and fiber thicknesses and consist of different materials. There may be provided a plurality of staple fiber layers which may be formed on one or both sides of the load-bearing base structure. On the one hand, the staple fiber layers define a part of the so-called void volume, ie the volume in the interior of the press felt which is available for receiving or storing water; on the other hand, the surface of the press felt can be influenced by suitable selection of the fibers. If coarse fibers are chosen, the press felt is more water permeable and less prone to compaction, but the rewetting tendency is also higher. Fine fibers result in less permeable felts with little tendency for rewetting, but too fast compaction.
Die Einbringung von Membranen, Filmen, Folien etc. aus Polymeren oder anderen geeigneten Materialien sowie das Einspülen von Partikeln sowie das nachfolgende Aufschmelzen zur Bildung eines Verbundes mit dem Grundgewebe oder Imprägnierungen sind bekannte Maßnahmen gegen Rewetting und Kompaktierung.The incorporation of membranes, films, foils, etc. from polymers or other suitable materials as well as the injection of particles and the following Melting to form a composite with the base fabric or impregnations are known measures against rewetting and compaction.
Der erfindungsgemäße Pressfilz ist durch ein hohes Wasseraufnahme- und Wasserspeicherungsvolumen und eine geringe Neigung zu Rewetting und Kompaktierung ausgezeichnet und zudem unter Verwendung von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen hergestellt.The press felt according to the invention is characterized by a high Wasseraufnahme- and water storage volume and a low tendency to Rewetting and compaction and also produced using renewable resources.
Auf und/oder in der Grundstruktur, die gemäß einem der vorstehend beschriebenen Beispiele ausgebildet sein kann, ist erfindungsgemäß zumindest eine poröse, schwammtuchartige Struktur angeordnet, welche aus Cellulose wie Regeneratcellulose, Viscose oder einer Mischung daraus besteht. Ein derartiges Material ist beispielsweise in den Wettex®-Schwammtüchern der Firma Freudenberg enthalten und zeigt die gewünschten Eigenschaften in Bezug auf Wasseraufnahme und Wasserspeicherung.On and / or in the basic structure, which may be formed according to one of the examples described above, according to the invention at least one porous, sponge cloth-like structure is arranged, which consists of cellulose such as regenerated cellulose, viscose or a mixture thereof. Such a material is contained for example in the Wettex® sponge wipes from Freudenberg and shows the desired properties in terms of water absorption and water storage.
Wird Cellulose durch chemische Veränderung in eine lösliche Form überführt und in Lösung gebracht, kann daraus in einem Spinnverfahren eine endlose Faser erzeugt werden. Regeneratcellulose entsteht, wenn während des Spinnverfahrens die chemische Veränderung rückgängig gemacht wird, so dass die Endlosfaser aus chemisch unveränderter Cellulose besteht. Viskose wird vom Grundstoff Cellulose ausgehend mit Hilfe des Viskoseverfahrens industriell hergestellt. Sägespäne werden mit Chemikalien gekocht, um die Cellulose herauszulösen. Anschließend wird die Cellulose mit Wasser, Natronlauge und Schwefelkohlenstoff zu einem Viskosebrei verarbeitet und durch Spinndüsen zu Viskosegarn verfestigt.If cellulose is converted into a soluble form by chemical modification and brought into solution, an endless fiber can be produced in a spinning process. Regenerated cellulose is formed when, during the spinning process, the chemical change is reversed so that the continuous fiber consists of chemically unaltered cellulose. Viscose is produced industrially from the base cellulose, using the viscose process. Sawdust is cooked with chemicals to remove the cellulose. Subsequently, the cellulose is processed with water, sodium hydroxide solution and carbon disulfide to a Viskosebrei and solidified by spinnerets to Viskosegarn.
Die zumindest eine schwammtuchartige Struktur kann dabei als endlose Rollenware oder in Form von Stücken, die geeignet miteinander verbunden werden, vorliegen. Auch eine einstückige, großflächige Herstellung wie beispielsweise ein Aufspritzen der Cellulose auf eine endlos gewobene Grundstruktur sind denkbar und möglich. Weiterhin ist es möglich, die Cellulose in gelöstem Zustand der Grundstruktur zuzuführen und diese dadurch zu imprägnieren oder die Grundstruktur mit der schwammtuchartigen Struktur nach deren Einbringung durch Zugabe geeigneter Mittel zu verschäumen.The at least one sponge cloth-like structure can be present as an endless roll product or in the form of pieces which are suitably connected to one another. Also, a one-piece, large-scale production such as spraying the cellulose on an endlessly woven basic structure are conceivable and possible. Furthermore, it is possible to supply the cellulose in a dissolved state of the basic structure and thereby impregnate or to foam the basic structure with the sponge cloth-like structure after their introduction by adding suitable agents.
Die einzelnen Komponenten können miteinander mechanisch verbunden wie z.B. vernadelt oder auf andere geeignete Weise, z.B. durch Einbringung von Klebstoffen, durch Verschweißen, Aufschmelzen, Auflaminieren oder Aufeinanderextrudieren miteinander verbunden werden. Eine Kombination mit anderen Komponenten wie weiteren Stapelfaserlagen, Filmen, Folien, Membranen, Partikeln oder Imprägnierungen sind weiterhin möglich und denkbar.The individual components may be mechanically interconnected, e.g. needled or otherwise suitable, e.g. by the application of adhesives, welding, melting, laminating or extruding. A combination with other components such as other staple fiber layers, films, films, membranes, particles or impregnations are still possible and conceivable.
Ein derartig ausgebildeter Pressfilz zeichnet sich durch eine ressourcenschonende Zusammensetzung aus, da ein großer Anteil von Kunstfasern aus der petrochemischen Industrie ohne Einbußen bei der Performance durch Fasern aus erneuerbaren Rohstoffen ersetzt werden kann. Zudem ist nach dem Gebrauch ein solcher Pressfilz zumindest teilweise biologisch abbaubar, was die Umweltbelastung zusätzlich herabsetzt.Such a formed press felt is characterized by a resource-saving composition, since a large proportion of synthetic fibers from the petrochemical industry can be replaced without sacrificing performance by using fibers from renewable resources. In addition, after use, such a press felt is at least partially biodegradable, which additionally reduces the environmental impact.
Die schwammtuchartige Struktur verleiht dem Pressfilz eine gleichmäßige Druckverteilung über die gesamte Fläche. Die feinen Poren der schwammtuchartigen Struktur entwickeln starke Kapillarkräfte, so dass die Faserbahn exzellent entwässert wird. Andererseits kann das im Pressfilz gespeicherte Wasser ohne Zuhilfenahme von zusätzlichen Saugkästen bereits im Pressspalt wieder aus dem Filz entfernt werden, was erhebliche Einsparungen im Energieverbrauch mit sich bringt.The sponge cloth-like structure gives the press felt a uniform pressure distribution over the entire surface. The fine pores of the sponge cloth-like structure develop strong capillary forces, so that the fiber web is dehydrated excellent. On the other hand, the stored in the press felt water can be removed without the aid of additional suction boxes already in the press nip again from the felt, which brings significant savings in energy consumption.
Claims (11)
- Clothing for use in machines for producing a fiber web such as a paper, cardboard, tissue or nonwoven web, in particular a press felt, comprising a load-absorbing main structure and at least one liquid-absorbing and/or liquid-storing structure configured on and/or in the load-absorbing main structure, which liquid-absorbing and/or liquid-storing structure is of sponge cloth-like porous configuration and is implemented as a continuous formation or as a predominantly continuous formation, characterized in that the sponge cloth-like porous, liquid-absorbing and/or liquid-storing structure or consists largely of cellulose.
- Clothing according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cellulose is present in the form of regenerated cellulose, viscose or a mixture thereof.
- Clothing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a multiplicity of layer-forming structures made of regenerated cellulose, viscose or a mixture thereof are arranged on one or both sides of the main structure and/or in the main structure.
- Clothing according to one of the preceding Claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the main structure is impregnated or foamed with a solution of the regenerated cellulose, viscose or a mixture thereof.
- Clothing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sponge cloth-like porous structure is of open-pored configuration.
- Clothing according to one of the preceding Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the structures or at least some of the structures made of regenerated cellulose, viscose or a mixture thereof are mechanically connected, needled, adhesive bonded, welded, extruded, laminated or fuzed to one another and/or to the main structure.
- Clothing according to one of the preceding Claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the sponge cloth-like porous structure is capable of being produced and processed from regenerated cellulose, viscose or a mixture thereof in the form of reel material, or from individual pieces which are capable of being connected to one another, or as a single-piece, in particular continuous structure.
- Clothing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the main structure is configured as a woven fabric, laid scrim, crocheted fabric, knitted fabric, spiral structure, extrudate, poured material, compressed material, sintered structure, spiralized structure made of strip materials or yarn sheets with fiber batts.
- Clothing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clothing comprises further layers of staple fibers, membranes, foils and/or films.
- Clothing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the main structure and/or the sponge cloth-like porous structure comprises injected particles or impregnations.
- Clothing according to one of the preceding Claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the clothing, in particular the structure consisting of regenerated cellulose, viscose or a mixture thereof, is substantially biodegradable.
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DE102013215733 | 2013-08-09 | ||
PCT/EP2014/065671 WO2015018632A1 (en) | 2013-08-09 | 2014-07-22 | Clothing |
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EP3030713A1 EP3030713A1 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
EP3030713B1 true EP3030713B1 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
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US (1) | US9938665B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3030713B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105473784B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015018632A1 (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4571359A (en) | 1984-12-18 | 1986-02-18 | Albany International Corp. | Papermakers wet-press felt and method of manufacture |
CN1034938A (en) * | 1988-01-27 | 1989-08-23 | 中国纺织大学 | The preparation of expansion cellulose sponge |
ATE189016T1 (en) | 1996-01-25 | 2000-02-15 | Munzinger Conrad & Cie Ag | MATERIAL WEB AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
GB9726722D0 (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 1998-02-18 | Scapa Group Plc | Papermaking fabric surface structure |
US7135096B2 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2006-11-14 | Astenjohnson, Inc. | Press felt with improved dewatering capability |
US7351307B2 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2008-04-01 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Method of dewatering a fibrous web with a press belt |
EP2000587B1 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2017-07-05 | Voith Patent GmbH | Dewatering system |
DE602006003701D1 (en) | 2005-08-26 | 2009-01-02 | Voith Patent Gmbh | With polymer blended polymer particles, method for producing the same and products made therefrom such. B. press felts |
DE102008040706A1 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2010-01-28 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Press felt and process for its production |
CA2751352C (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2017-01-31 | Albany International Corp. | Permeable belt for the manufacture of tissue towel and nonwovens |
-
2014
- 2014-07-22 US US14/911,068 patent/US9938665B2/en active Active
- 2014-07-22 EP EP14741629.1A patent/EP3030713B1/en active Active
- 2014-07-22 CN CN201480044432.0A patent/CN105473784B/en active Active
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WO2015018632A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
CN105473784A (en) | 2016-04-06 |
CN105473784B (en) | 2019-01-08 |
US20160177506A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
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